1
|
Shi Q, Huang F, Wang Y, Liu H, Deng H, Chen YG. HER2 phosphorylation induced by TGF-β promotes mammary morphogenesis and breast cancer progression. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307138. [PMID: 38407425 PMCID: PMC10896696 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and HER2 signaling collaborate to promote breast cancer progression. However, their molecular interplay is largely unclear. TGF-β can activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we report that TGF-β enhances HER2 activation, leading to the activation of MAPK and AKT. This process depends on the TGF-β type I receptor TβRI kinase activity. TβRI phosphorylates HER2 at Ser779, promoting Y1248 phosphorylation and HER2 activation. Mice with HER2 S779A mutation display impaired mammary morphogenesis, reduced ductal elongation, and branching. Furthermore, wild-type HER2, but not S779A mutant, promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and lung metastasis of breast cells. Increased HER2 S779 phosphorylation is observed in human breast cancers and positively correlated with the activation of HER2, MAPK, and AKT. Our findings demonstrate the crucial role of TGF-β-induced S779 phosphorylation in HER2 activation, mammary gland development, and the pro-oncogenic function of TGF-β in breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoni Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moustakas A. Crosstalk between TGF-β and EGF receptors via direct phosphorylation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202403075. [PMID: 38506732 PMCID: PMC10955040 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202403075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aristidis Moustakas discusses work from Ye-Guang Chen and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202307138) on a new mechanism by which TGF-β modulates HER2 signaling in mammary epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He Y, Goyette MA, Chapelle J, Boufaied N, Al Rahbani J, Schonewolff M, Danek EI, Muller WJ, Labbé DP, Côté JF, Lamarche-Vane N. CdGAP is a talin-binding protein and a target of TGF-β signaling that promotes HER2-positive breast cancer growth and metastasis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112936. [PMID: 37552602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in metastasis, which is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Here, we show that Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP) promotes tumor formation and metastasis to lungs in the HER2-positive (HER2+) murine breast cancer model. CdGAP facilitates intravasation, extravasation, and growth at metastatic sites. CdGAP depletion in HER2+ murine primary tumors mediates crosstalk with a Dlc1-RhoA pathway and is associated with a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced EMT transcriptional signature. CdGAP is positively regulated by TGF-β signaling during EMT and interacts with the adaptor talin to modulate focal adhesion dynamics and integrin activation. Moreover, HER2+ breast cancer patients with high CdGAP mRNA expression combined with a high TGF-β-EMT signature are more likely to present lymph node invasion. Our results suggest CdGAP as a candidate therapeutic target for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer by inhibiting TGF-β and integrin/talin signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Goyette
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Chapelle
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Nadia Boufaied
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jalal Al Rahbani
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Maribel Schonewolff
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Eric I Danek
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - David P Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang G, Zhou X, Guo Z, Huang N, Li J, Lv Y, Han L, Zheng W, Xu D, Chai D, Li H, Li L, Zheng J. The Anti-fibrosis drug Pirfenidone modifies the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and prevents the progression of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting tumor autocrine TGF-β. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:150-162. [PMID: 35130111 PMCID: PMC8824226 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2035629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a critical role in regulating cell growth and differentiation. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2(1 H)-pyridone, PFD), an approved drug for treating pulmonary and renal fibrosis, is a potent TGF-β inhibitor and found reduced incidence of lung cancer and alleviated renal function decline. However, whether PFD plays a role in controlling renal cancer progression is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that high TGF-β1 expression was negatively associated with ten-year overall survival of patients with renal cancer. Functionally, blockade of TGF-β signaling with PFD significantly suppressed the progression of renal cancer in a murine model. Mechanistically, we revealed that PFD significantly decreased the expression and secretion of TGF-β both in vitro and in vivo tumor mouse model, which further prevented TGF-β-induced EMT and thus cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Importantly, the downregulation of TGF-β upon PFD treatment shaped the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by limiting the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs. Therefore, our study demonstrated that PFD prevents renal cancer progression by inhibiting TGF-β production of cancer cells and downstream signaling pathway, which might be presented as a therapeutic adjuvant for renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowan Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zengli Guo
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Lv
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Refaat S, Shamaa S, Elkhodary T, Atwan N, Ghazy H, Akl T, Abdelwahab K, Foda AAM, El-Badrawy A, Emarah Z. Prognostic significance of transforming growth factor β receptor II in clinical stage III breast cancer patients - a pilot study. Breast Dis 2021; 40:75-83. [PMID: 33579826 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has a dual function in breast cancer, having a tumor suppressor activity in early carcinomas while enhancing tumor metastasis in advanced breast carcinoma. Consequently, the prognostic role of TGFβ and its signaling cascade in breast cancer remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between TβRII expression, clinic-pathological characteristics, and prognostic significance of TβRII expression in clinical stage III breast cancer. METHODS Biopsy from the primary tumor was obtained from 30 newly diagnosed clinical stage III breast cancer patients before receiving any therapy. Expression of TβRII, ER, PR, Her2 and Ki-67 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TβRII expression was positive in 66.7% of cases and was significantly associated with advanced nodal stage and distant metastases. After a median follow up of 42.3 months, TβRII was associated with poor disease-free survival and it was an independent factor for predicting the poor outcome for breast cancer patients, especially in node positive tumors, ER/PR positive and Her2-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the usage of therapeutic drugs that target TGFβ in advanced breast cancer patients may be effective. Nevertheless, blockage of the tumor promoting and sparing of the tumor suppressor effect of TGFβ pathway should be taken into consideration. We suggest that these therapies might have more benefit in ER and PR positive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Refaat
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sameh Shamaa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tawfik Elkhodary
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nadia Atwan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Pathology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hayam Ghazy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tamer Akl
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelwahab
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Mansoura Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abd AlRahman Mohammad Foda
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Pathology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel El-Badrawy
- Radiology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ziad Emarah
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Qi J, Wei H, Lei Y, Yu H, Liu N, Zhao L, Wang P. TGFβ1 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Is Associated With Progression and Radiosensitivity in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667645. [PMID: 34095135 PMCID: PMC8172974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is aggressive, with early metastasis. Cytokines secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within various tumors influences these features, but the function in particular of TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is controversial and unknown in SCLC. This study explored the influence of TGFβ1 in CAFs on the development, immune microenvironment, and radiotherapy sensitivity of SCLC. Methods SCLC specimens were collected from 90 patients who had received no treatment before surgery. Tumor and tumor stroma were subjected to multiplex immunohistochemistry to quantitate TGFβ1 and other immune factors in CAFs. Cell proliferation and flow cytometry apoptosis assays were used to investigate associations between TGFβ1 and proliferation and radiotherapy sensitivity. The immune factors in tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry in vitro and in vivo (mice). Results TGFβ1 levels on CAFs lower or higher than the median were found, respectively, in 52.2 and 47.8% of patients; overall survival of patients with TGFβ1-high levels (53.9 mo) was significantly longer than that of the TGFβ1-low group (26.9 mo; P = 0.037). The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that a TGFβ1-high level was an independent predictor of increased survival time. TGFβ1-high levels in CAFs were associated with inhibition of growth, proliferation, antitumor immunity, and enhanced radiotherapeutic sensitivity and tumor immunity of tumor. TGFβ1-low levels promoted tumor cell growth and radiotherapy sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion High levels of TGFβ1 in CAFs were associated with longer overall survival in patients with SCLC and enhanced radiotherapy sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningbo Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lujun Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin F, Fan Q, Yu PKN, Almahi WA, Kong P, Yang M, Cao W, Nie L, Chen G, Han W. Properties and gene expression profiling of acquired radioresistance in mouse breast cancer cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 33987326 PMCID: PMC8106033 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Acquired radioresistant cells exhibit many characteristic changes which may influence cancer progression and further treatment options. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of radioresistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells on both phenotypic and molecular levels. Methods We established an acquired radioresistant cell line from its parental NF639 cell line (HER2-positive) by fractionated radiation and assessed changes in cellular morphology, proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis activity, basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and energy metabolism. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was also used to reveal the potential regulating genes and molecular mechanisms associated with the acquired changed phenotypes. Real-time PCR was used to validate the results of RNA-seq. Results The NF639R cells exhibited increased radioresistance and enhanced activity of proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis, but decreased basal ROS. Two main energy metabolism pathways, mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic, were also upregulated. Furthermore, 490 differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA-seq. Enrichment analysis based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed many differently expressed genes were significantly enriched in cell morphology, proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, antioxidation, tumor stem cells and energy metabolism and the signaling cascades such as the transforming growth factor-β, Wnt, Hedgehog, vascular endothelial growth factor, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor, Toll-like receptor and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor were significantly altered in NF639R cells. Conclusions In clinical radiotherapy, repeat radiotherapy for short-term recurrence of breast cancer may result in enhanced radioresistance and promote malignant progression. Our research provided hints to understand the tumor resistance to radiotherapy de novo and recurrence with a worse prognosis following radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institute of Sericultural, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Peter K N Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Waleed Abdelbagi Almahi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Peizhong Kong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China.,Clinical Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roarty K, Echeverria GV. Laboratory Models for Investigating Breast Cancer Therapy Resistance and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645698. [PMID: 33777805 PMCID: PMC7988094 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While numerous therapies are highly efficacious in early-stage breast cancers and in particular subsets of breast cancers, therapeutic resistance and metastasis unfortunately arise in many patients. In many cases, tumors that are resistant to standard of care therapies, as well as tumors that have metastasized, are treatable but incurable with existing clinical strategies. Both therapy resistance and metastasis are multi-step processes during which tumor cells must overcome diverse environmental and selective hurdles. Mechanisms by which tumor cells achieve this are numerous and include acquisition of invasive and migratory capabilities, cell-intrinsic genetic and/or epigenetic adaptations, clonal selection, immune evasion, interactions with stromal cells, entering a state of dormancy or senescence, and maintaining self-renewal capacity. To overcome therapy resistance and metastasis in breast cancer, the ability to effectively model each of these mechanisms in the laboratory is essential. Herein we review historic and the current state-of-the-art laboratory model systems and experimental approaches used to investigate breast cancer metastasis and resistance to standard of care therapeutics. While each model system has inherent limitations, they have provided invaluable insights, many of which have translated into regimens undergoing clinical evaluation. We will discuss the limitations and advantages of a variety of model systems that have been used to investigate breast cancer metastasis and therapy resistance and outline potential strategies to improve experimental modeling to further our knowledge of these processes, which will be crucial for the continued development of effective breast cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roarty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gloria V Echeverria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ungefroren H. Autocrine TGF-β in Cancer: Review of the Literature and Caveats in Experimental Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:977. [PMID: 33478130 PMCID: PMC7835898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine signaling is defined as the production and secretion of an extracellular mediator by a cell followed by the binding of that mediator to receptors on the same cell to initiate signaling. Autocrine stimulation often operates in autocrine loops, a type of interaction, in which a cell produces a mediator, for which it has receptors, that upon activation promotes expression of the same mediator, allowing the cell to repeatedly autostimulate itself (positive feedback) or balance its expression via regulation of a second factor that provides negative feedback. Autocrine signaling loops with positive or negative feedback are an important feature in cancer, where they enable context-dependent cell signaling in the regulation of growth, survival, and cell motility. A growth factor that is intimately involved in tumor development and progression and often produced by the cancer cells in an autocrine manner is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This review surveys the many observations of autocrine TGF-β signaling in tumor biology, including data from cell culture and animal models as well as from patients. We also provide the reader with a critical discussion on the various experimental approaches employed to identify and prove the involvement of autocrine TGF-β in a given cellular response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany;
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aging-Associated Alterations in Mammary Epithelia and Stroma Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108566. [PMID: 33378681 PMCID: PMC7898263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is closely associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer, yet there have been limited systematic studies of aging-induced alterations in the mammary gland. Here, we leverage high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a detailed transcriptomic atlas of young and aged murine mammary tissues. By analyzing epithelial, stromal, and immune cells, we identify age-dependent alterations in cell proportions and gene expression, providing evidence that suggests alveolar maturation and physiological decline. The analysis also uncovers potential pro-tumorigenic mechanisms coupled to the age-associated loss of tumor suppressor function and change in microenvironment. In addition, we identify a rare, age-dependent luminal population co-expressing hormone-sensing and secretory-alveolar lineage markers, as well as two macrophage populations expressing distinct gene signatures, underscoring the complex heterogeneity of the mammary epithelia and stroma. Collectively, this rich single-cell atlas reveals the effects of aging on mammary physiology and can serve as a useful resource for understanding aging-associated cancer risk. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, Li et al. compare mammary epithelia and stroma in young and aged mice. Age-dependent changes at cell and gene levels provide evidence suggesting alveolar maturation, functional deterioration, and potential pro-tumorigenic and inflammatory alterations. Additionally, identification of heterogeneous luminal and macrophage subpopulations underscores the complexity of mammary lineages.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kiepas A, Voorand E, Senecal J, Ahn R, Annis MG, Jacquet K, Tali G, Bisson N, Ursini-Siegel J, Siegel PM, Brown CM. The SHCA adapter protein cooperates with lipoma-preferred partner in the regulation of adhesion dynamics and invadopodia formation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10535-10559. [PMID: 32299913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SHC adaptor protein (SHCA) and lipoma-preferred partner (LPP) mediate transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Reduced expression of either protein diminishes breast cancer lung metastasis, but the reason for this effect is unclear. Here, using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that TGFβ enhanced the assembly and disassembly rates of paxillin-containing adhesions in an SHCA-dependent manner through the phosphorylation of the specific SHCA tyrosine residues Tyr-239, Tyr-240, and Tyr-313. Using a BioID proximity labeling approach, we show that SHCA exists in a complex with a variety of actin cytoskeletal proteins, including paxillin and LPP. Consistent with a functional interaction between SHCA and LPP, TGFβ-induced LPP localization to cellular adhesions depended on SHCA. Once localized to the adhesions, LPP was required for TGFβ-induced increases in cell migration and adhesion dynamics. Mutations that impaired LPP localization to adhesions (mLIM1) or impeded interactions with the actin cytoskeleton via α-actinin (ΔABD) abrogated migratory responses to TGFβ. Live-cell TIRF microscopy revealed that SHCA clustering at the cell membrane preceded LPP recruitment. We therefore hypothesize that, in the presence of TGFβ, SHCA promotes the formation of small, dynamic adhesions by acting as a nucleator of focal complex formation. Finally, we defined a previously unknown function for SHCA in the formation of invadopodia, a process that also required LPP. Our results reveal that SHCA controls the formation and function of adhesions and invadopodia, two key cellular structures required for breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kiepas
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Voorand
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Senecal
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H4A 3J1, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryuhjin Ahn
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H4A 3J1, Québec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Kévin Jacquet
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - George Tali
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada.,PROTEO Network and Cancer Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal H4A 3T2, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire M Brown
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada .,Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), McGill University, Montréal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsumura Y, Ito Y, Mezawa Y, Sulidan K, Daigo Y, Hiraga T, Mogushi K, Wali N, Suzuki H, Itoh T, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Shimizu S, Takano A, Terao Y, Saeki H, Ozawa M, Abe M, Takeda S, Okumura K, Habu S, Hino O, Takeda K, Hamada M, Orimo A. Stromal fibroblasts induce metastatic tumor cell clusters via epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/4/e201900425. [PMID: 31331982 PMCID: PMC6653778 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which stromal fibroblasts enable human breast cancer cells to form tumor cell clusters and acquire highly invasive and metastatic traits. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that multicellular tumor clusters invade and seed metastasis. However, whether tumor-associated stroma induces epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in tumor cell clusters, to promote invasion and metastasis, remains unknown. We demonstrate herein that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) frequently present in tumor stroma drive the formation of tumor cell clusters composed of two distinct cancer cell populations, one in a highly epithelial (E-cadherinhiZEB1lo/neg: Ehi) state and another in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E-cadherinloZEB1hi: E/M) state. The Ehi cells highly express oncogenic cell–cell adhesion molecules, such as carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and CEACAM6 that associate with E-cadherin, resulting in increased tumor cell cluster formation and metastatic seeding. The E/M cells also retain associations with Ehi cells, which follow the E/M cells leading to collective invasion. CAF-produced stromal cell-derived factor 1 and transforming growth factor-β confer the Ehi and E/M states as well as invasive and metastatic traits via Src activation in apposed human breast tumor cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that invasive and metastatic tumor cell clusters are induced by CAFs via epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nadila Wali
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takumi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Terao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ozawa
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Atopy Research Center, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hamada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan .,Cancer Research (CR)-UK Stromal-Tumor Interaction Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cantini L, Pistelli M, Merloni F, Fontana A, Bertolini I, De Angelis C, Bastianelli L, Della Mora A, Santinelli A, Savini A, Maccaroni E, Diodati L, Falcone A, Berardi R. Body Mass Index and Hormone Receptor Status Influence Recurrence Risk in HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 20:e89-e98. [PMID: 31378534 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A reliable risk stratification on the basis of tumor biology and host factors of HER2-positive (HER2+) early breast cancer (eBC) patients is needed. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic role of body mass index (BMI) and hormone receptor (HR) expression in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 238 women with stage I to III HER2+ breast cancer who completed adjuvant chemotherapy (CHT) and 1 year of treatment with trastuzumab. The end point was 3-year distant disease-free survival (3yDDFS). Survival analysis was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazards model adjusting for HR status, BMI, tumor staging, size, nodal status, and type of adjuvant CHT. Association among categorical variables was assessed using χ2 test. RESULTS The early recurrence rate after 3 years resulted as 4.2% (40% HR+ patients and 60% HR- patients). Neither HR status nor BMI alone showed an association with 3yDDFS in multivariate analysis. However, the hazard ratios for patients with HR- tumors who had also BMI ≥25 (3yDDFS 86.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 75.0%-97.7%) were amplified compared with patients with HR+ tumors and with BMI <25 (3yDDFS 98%; 95% CI, 94.8%-100.0%) and other subgroups (P = .003). This observation was confirmed in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.04-3.07; P = .03). CONCLUSION Our real-life data highlight a different risk of eBC recurrence after grouping patients according to HR status and BMI. These results might help clinicians to identify correct treatment strategies. Patients who are HR- and have BMI ≥25 might benefit from escalation approaches, whereas those who are HR+ and have BMI <25 might be eligible for a shorter duration of adjuvant treatment with anti-HER2 agents.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Body Mass Index
- Breast/pathology
- Breast/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/statistics & numerical data
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment/methods
- Time Factors
- Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cantini
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirco Pistelli
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Filippo Merloni
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Oncology Unit II, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bertolini
- Oncology Unit II, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Bastianelli
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Della Mora
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santinelli
- Anatomia Patologica e Citologia, AO Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Agnese Savini
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Maccaroni
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Diodati
- Oncology Unit II, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Oncology Unit II, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee J. 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Inhibits TNF-α- and TGF-β-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:992-1006. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1577979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marques M, Jangal M, Wang LC, Kazanets A, da Silva SD, Zhao T, Lovato A, Yu H, Jie S, Del Rincon S, Mackey J, Damaraju S, Alaoui-Jamali M, Witcher M. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Oncogene 2018; 38:2177-2191. [PMID: 30459355 PMCID: PMC6484711 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribosylation), known as PARylation, is a post-translational modification catalyzed by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and primarily removed by the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). While the aberrant removal of post-translation modifications including phosphorylation and methylation has known tumorigenic effects, deregulation of PARylation has not been widely studied. Increased hydrolysis of PARylation chains facilitates cancer growth through enhancing estrogen receptor (ER)-driven proliferation, but oncogenic transformation has not been linked to increased PARG expression. In this study, we find that elevated PARG levels are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancers, especially in HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that heightened expression of catalytically active PARG facilitates cell transformation and invasion of normal mammary epithelial cells. Catalytically inactive PARG mutants did not recapitulate these phenotypes. Consistent with clinical data showing elevated PARG predicts poor outcomes in HER2+ patients, we observed that PARG acts in synergy with HER2 to promote neoplastic growth of immortalized mammary cells. In contrast, PARG depletion significantly impairs the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast tumors. Mechanistically, we find that PARG interacts with SMAD2/3 and significantly decreases their PARylation in non-transformed cells, leading to enhanced expression of SMAD target genes. Further linking SMAD-mediated transcription to the oncogenicity of PARG, we show that PARG-mediated anchorage-independent growth and invasion are dependent, at least in part, on SMAD expression. Overall, our study underscores the oncogenic impact of aberrant protein PARylation and highlights the therapeutic potential of PARG inhibition in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Marques
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maika Jangal
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Li-Chun Wang
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Kazanets
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Lovato
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Henry Yu
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Su Jie
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Del Rincon
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Mackey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Balachander GM, Talukdar PM, Debnath M, Rangarajan A, Chatterjee K. Inflammatory Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Invasive Breast Tumors Revealed Using a Fibrous Polymer Scaffold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33814-33826. [PMID: 30207687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in cancer fuels metastasis and worsens prognosis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present in the tumor stroma play a vital role in mediating the cascade of cancer inflammation that drives metastasis by enhancing angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and invasion. In vitro models that faithfully recapitulate CAF-mediated inflammation independent of coculturing with cancer cells are nonexistent. We have engineered fibrous matrices of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) that can maintain the manifold tumor-promoting properties of patient-derived CAFs, which would otherwise require repetitive isolation and complex coculturing with cancer cells. On these fibrous matrices, CAFs proliferated and remodeled the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a parallel-patterned manner mimicking the ECM of high-grade breast tumors and induced stemness in breast cancer cells. The response of the fibroblasts was observed to be sensitive to the scaffold architecture and not the polymer composition. The CAFs cultured on fibrous matrices exhibited increased activation of the NF-κB pathway and downstream proinflammatory gene expression compared to CAFs cultured on conventional two-dimensional (2D) dishes and secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, GM-CSF, and MIP-3α. Consistent with this, we observed increased infiltration of inflammatory cells to the tumor site and enhanced invasiveness of the tumor in vivo when tumor cells were injected admixed with CAFs grown on fibrous matrices. These data suggest that CAFs better retain their tumor-promoting proinflammatory properties on fibrous polymeric matrices, which could serve as a unique model to investigate the mechanisms of stroma-induced inflammation in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinku Mani Talukdar
- Department of Human Genetics , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore 560029 , India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore 560029 , India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gu S, Feng XH. TGF-β signaling in cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:941-949. [PMID: 30165534 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signals from the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily mediate a broad spectrum of cellular processes and are deregulated in many diseases, including cancer. TGF-β signaling has dual roles in tumorigenesis. In the early phase of tumorigenesis, TGF-β has tumor suppressive functions, primarily through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, in the late stage of cancer, TGF-β acts as a driver of tumor progression and metastasis by increasing tumor cell invasiveness and migration and promoting chemo-resistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms and functions of TGF-β signaling during tumor progression and discuss the therapeutic potentials of targeting the TGF-β pathway in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Gu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang F, Shi Q, Li Y, Xu L, Xu C, Chen F, Wang H, Liao H, Chang Z, Liu F, Zhang XHF, Feng XH, Han JDJ, Luo S, Chen YG. HER2/EGFR-AKT Signaling Switches TGFβ from Inhibiting Cell Proliferation to Promoting Cell Migration in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6073-6085. [PMID: 30171053 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ signaling inhibits cell proliferation to block cancer initiation, yet it also enhances metastasis to promote malignancy during breast cancer development. The mechanisms underlying these differential effects are still unclear. Here, we report that HER2/EGFR signaling switches TGFβ function in breast cancer cells from antiproliferation to cancer promotion. Inhibition of HER2/EGFR activity attenuated TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration but enhanced the antiproliferative activity of TGFβ. Activation of HER2/EGFR induced phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser208 of the linker region through AKT, which promoted the nuclear accumulation of Smad3 and subsequent expression of the genes related to EMT and cell migration. In contrast, HER2/EGFR signaling had no effects on the nuclear localization of Smad2. Knockdown of Smad3, but not Smad2, blocked TGFβ-induced breast cancer cell migration. We observed a positive correlation between the nuclear localization of Smad3 and HER2 activation in advanced human breast cancers. Our results demonstrate a key role for HER2/EGFR in differential regulation of Smad3 activity to shift TGFβ function from antitumorigenic to protumorigenic during breast cancer development.Significance: TGFβ signaling can shift from inhibiting to promoting breast cancer development via HER2/EGFR AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at S208, enhancing its nuclear accumulation and upregulation of EMT-related genes.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/21/6073/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(21); 6073-85. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoni Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfang Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongwei Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zai Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Edwards DN, Ngwa VM, Wang S, Shiuan E, Brantley-Sieders DM, Kim LC, Reynolds AB, Chen J. The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 promotes glutamine metabolism in tumors by activating the transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaan4667. [PMID: 29208682 PMCID: PMC5819349 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors reprogram cellular metabolism to support cancer cell proliferation and survival. Although most cancers depend on a high rate of aerobic glycolysis, many cancer cells also display addiction to glutamine. Glutamine transporters and glutaminase activity are critical for glutamine metabolism in tumor cells. We found that the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 activated the TEAD family transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ), likely in a ligand-independent manner, to promote glutamine metabolism in cells and mouse models of HER2-positive breast cancer. Overexpression of EphA2 induced the nuclear accumulation of YAP and TAZ and increased the expression of YAP/TAZ target genes. Inhibition of the GTPase Rho or the kinase ROCK abolished EphA2-dependent YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. Silencing YAP or TAZ substantially reduced the amount of intracellular glutamate through decreased expression of SLC1A5 and GLS, respectively, genes that encode proteins that promote glutamine uptake and metabolism. The regulatory DNA elements of both SLC1A5 and GLS contain TEAD binding sites and were bound by TEAD4 in an EphA2-dependent manner. In patient breast cancer tissues, EphA2 expression positively correlated with that of YAP and TAZ, as well as that of GLS and SLC1A5 Although high expression of EphA2 predicted enhanced metastatic potential and poor patient survival, it also rendered HER2-positive breast cancer cells more sensitive to glutaminase inhibition. The findings define a previously unknown mechanism of EphA2-mediated glutaminolysis through YAP/TAZ activation in HER2-positive breast cancer and identify potential therapeutic targets in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Verra M Ngwa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eileen Shiuan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura C Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Albert B Reynolds
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seoane J, Gomis RR. TGF-β Family Signaling in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022277. [PMID: 28246180 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces a pleiotropic pathway that is modulated by the cellular context and its integration with other signaling pathways. In cancer, the pleiotropic reaction to TGF-β leads to a diverse and varied set of gene responses that range from cytostatic and apoptotic tumor-suppressive ones in early stage tumors, to proliferative, invasive, angiogenic, and oncogenic ones in advanced cancer. Here, we review the knowledge accumulated about the molecular mechanisms involved in the dual response to TGF-β in cancer, and how tumor cells evolve to evade the tumor-suppressive responses of this signaling pathway and then hijack the signal, converting it into an oncogenic factor. Only through the detailed study of this complexity can the suitability of the TGF-β pathway as a therapeutic target against cancer be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Seoane
- Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.,Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Velloso FJ, Bianco AFR, Farias JO, Torres NEC, Ferruzo PYM, Anschau V, Jesus-Ferreira HC, Chang THT, Sogayar MC, Zerbini LF, Correa RG. The crossroads of breast cancer progression: insights into the modulation of major signaling pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5491-5524. [PMID: 29200866 PMCID: PMC5701508 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the disease with highest public health impact in developed countries. Particularly, breast cancer has the highest incidence in women worldwide and the fifth highest mortality in the globe, imposing a significant social and economic burden to society. The disease has a complex heterogeneous etiology, being associated with several risk factors that range from lifestyle to age and family history. Breast cancer is usually classified according to the site of tumor occurrence and gene expression profiling. Although mutations in a few key genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with high breast cancer risk, the large majority of breast cancer cases are related to mutated genes of low penetrance, which are frequently altered in the whole population. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of breast cancer, including the several deregulated genes and related pathways linked to this pathology, is essential to ensure advances in early tumor detection and prevention. In this review, we outline key cellular pathways whose deregulation has been associated with breast cancer, leading to alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the delicate hormonal balance of breast tissue cells. Therefore, here we describe some potential breast cancer-related nodes and signaling concepts linked to the disease, which can be positively translated into novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valesca Anschau
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ted Hung-Tse Chang
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Luiz F Zerbini
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Interplay between TGF-β signaling and receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor development. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1133-1141. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
23
|
Ngan E, Kiepas A, Brown CM, Siegel PM. Emerging roles for LPP in metastatic cancer progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:143-156. [PMID: 29027626 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM domain containing proteins are important regulators of diverse cellular processes, and play pivotal roles in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Lipoma Preferred Partner (LPP) is a member of the zyxin family of LIM proteins that has long been characterized as a promoter of mesenchymal/fibroblast cell migration. More recently, LPP has emerged as a critical inducer of tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. LPP is thought to contribute to these malignant phenotypes by virtue of its ability to shuttle into the nucleus, localize to adhesions and, most recently, to promote invadopodia formation. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms through which LPP regulates the functions of adhesions and invadopodia, and discuss potential roles of LPP in mediating cellular responses to mechanical cues within these mechanosensory structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ngan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Kiepas
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire M Brown
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Role of transforming growth factor-β1 in triple negative breast cancer patients. Int J Surg 2017; 45:72-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
25
|
Morrison Joly M, Williams MM, Hicks DJ, Jones B, Sanchez V, Young CD, Sarbassov DD, Muller WJ, Brantley-Sieders D, Cook RS. Two distinct mTORC2-dependent pathways converge on Rac1 to drive breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:74. [PMID: 28666462 PMCID: PMC5493112 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of the mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling complex in tumor progression is becoming increasingly recognized. HER2-amplified breast cancers use Rictor/mTORC2 signaling to drive tumor formation, tumor cell survival and resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy. Cell motility, a key step in the metastatic process, can be activated by mTORC2 in luminal and triple negative breast cancer cell lines, but its role in promoting metastases from HER2-amplified breast cancers is not yet clear. Methods Because Rictor is an obligate cofactor of mTORC2, we genetically engineered Rictor ablation or overexpression in mouse and human HER2-amplified breast cancer models for modulation of mTORC2 activity. Signaling through mTORC2-dependent pathways was also manipulated using pharmacological inhibitors of mTOR, Akt, and Rac. Signaling was assessed by western analysis and biochemical pull-down assays specific for Rac-GTP and for active Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Metastases were assessed from spontaneous tumors and from intravenously delivered tumor cells. Motility and invasion of cells was assessed using Matrigel-coated transwell assays. Results We found that Rictor ablation potently impaired, while Rictor overexpression increased, metastasis in spontaneous and intravenously seeded models of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. Additionally, migration and invasion of HER2-amplified human breast cancer cells was diminished in the absence of Rictor, or upon pharmacological mTOR kinase inhibition. Active Rac1 was required for Rictor-dependent invasion and motility, which rescued invasion/motility in Rictor depleted cells. Rictor/mTORC2-dependent dampening of the endogenous Rac1 inhibitor RhoGDI2, a factor that correlated directly with increased overall survival in HER2-amplified breast cancer patients, promoted Rac1 activity and tumor cell invasion/migration. The mTORC2 substrate Akt did not affect RhoGDI2 dampening, but partially increased Rac1 activity through the Rac-GEF Tiam1, thus partially rescuing cell invasion/motility. The mTORC2 effector protein kinase C (PKC)α did rescue Rictor-mediated RhoGDI2 downregulation, partially rescuing Rac-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and migration/motility. Conclusion These findings suggest that mTORC2 uses two coordinated pathways to activate cell invasion/motility, both of which converge on Rac1. Akt signaling activates Rac1 through the Rac-GEF Tiam1, while PKC signaling dampens expression of the endogenous Rac1 inhibitor, RhoGDI2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0868-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Morrison Joly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bayley Jones
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dos D Sarbassov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dana Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
HER2 in Breast Cancer Stemness: A Negative Feedback Loop towards Trastuzumab Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050040. [PMID: 28445439 PMCID: PMC5447950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in approximately 20% of all breast cancers (BCs) is a poor prognosis factor and a precious target for BC therapy. Trastuzumab is approved by FDA to specifically target HER2 for treating HER2+ BC. However, about 60% of patients with HER2+ breast tumor develop de novo resistance to trastuzumab, partially due to the loss of expression of HER2 extracellular domain on their tumor cells. This is due to shedding/cleavage of HER2 by metalloproteinases (ADAMs and MMPs). HER2 shedding results in the accumulation of intracellular carboxyl-terminal HER2 (p95HER2), which is a common phenomenon in trastuzumab-resistant tumors and is suggested as a predictive marker for trastuzumab resistance. Up-regulation of the metalloproteinases is a poor prognosis factor and is commonly seen in mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells that are risen during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. HER2 cleavage during EMT can explain why secondary metastatic tumors with high percentage of mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells are mostly resistant to trastuzumab but still sensitive to lapatinib. Importantly, many studies report HER2 interaction with oncogenic/stemness signaling pathways including TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, JAK/STAT and Hedgehog. HER2 overexpression promotes EMT and the emergence of cancer stem cell properties in BC. Increased expression and activation of metalloproteinases during EMT leads to proteolytic cleavage and shedding of HER2 receptor, which downregulates HER2 extracellular domain and eventually increases trastuzumab resistance. Here, we review the hypothesis that a negative feedback loop between HER2 and stemness signaling drives resistance of BC to trastuzumab.
Collapse
|
27
|
Casey TM, Mulvey TM, Patnode TA, Dean A, Zakrzewska E, Plaut K. Mammary Epithelial Cells Treated Concurrently with TGF-α and TGF-β Exhibit Enhanced Proliferation and Death. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1027-40. [PMID: 17720949 DOI: 10.3181/0609-rm-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) stimulates while TGF-β inhibits mammary epithelial cell growth, suggesting that when cells are treated concurrently with the growth factors their combined effects would result in no net growth. However, combined treatments stimulate proliferation and cellular transformation in several cell lines. The objective of this paper was to describe the effect of long-term (6 days) concurrent TGF-α and TGF-β treatment on normal mammary epithelial cell growth pattern, morphology, and gene expression. Growth curve analysis showed that TGF-α enhanced while TGF-β suppressed growth rate until Day 4, when cells entered lag phase. However, cells treated concurrently with both growth factors exhibited a dichotomous pattern of growth marked by growth and death phases (with no intermittent lag phase). These changes in growth patterns were due to a marked induction of cell death from Day 2 (16.5%) to Day 4 (89.5%), resulting in the transition from growth to death phases, even though the combined treated cultures had significantly more ( P < 0.05) cells in S phase on Day 4. TGF-β stimulated epithelial to mesenchyme transdifferentiation (EMT) in the presence of TGF-α, as characterized by increased expression of fibronectin and changes in TGF-β receptor binding. Expression patterns of genes that regulate the cell cycle showed significant interaction between treatment and days, with TGF-β overriding TGF-α–stimulated effects on gene expression. Overall, the combined treatments were marked by enhanced rates of cellular proliferation, death, and trans-differentiation, behaviors reminiscent of breast tumors, and thus this system may serve as a good model to study breast tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Casey
- Department of Animal Science, B290 Anthony Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chordin-Like 1 Suppresses Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1509-25. [PMID: 26976638 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00600-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ShcA is an important mediator of ErbB2- and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. We show that in the context of reduced ShcA levels, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist chordin-like 1 (Chrdl1) is upregulated in numerous breast cancer cells following TGF-β stimulation. BMPs have emerged as important modulators of breast cancer aggressiveness, and we have investigated the ability of Chrdl1 to block BMP-induced increases in breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Breast cancer-derived conditioned medium containing elevated concentrations of endogenous Chrdl1, as well as medium containing recombinant Chrdl1, suppresses BMP4-induced signaling in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Live-cell migration assays reveal that BMP4 induces breast cancer migration, which is effectively blocked by Chrdl1. We demonstrate that BMP4 also stimulated breast cancer cell invasion and matrix degradation, in part, through enhanced metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 activity that is antagonized by Chrdl1. Finally, high Chrdl1 expression was associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Together, our data reveal that Chrdl1 acts as a negative regulator of malignant breast cancer phenotypes through inhibition of BMP signaling.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Metastasis is often modeled by xenotransplantation of cell lines in immunodeficient mice. A wealth of information about tumor cell behavior in the new environment is obtained from these efforts. Yet by design, this approach is "tumor-centric," as it focuses on cell-autonomous determinants of human tumor dissemination in mouse tissues, in effect using the animal body as a sophisticated "Petri dish" providing nutrients and support for tumor growth. Transgenic or gene knockout mouse models of cancer allow the study of tumor spread as a systemic disease and offer a complimentary approach for studying the natural history of cancer. This introduction is aimed at describing the overall methodological approach to studying metastasis in genetically modified mice, with a particular focus on using animals with regulated expression of potent human oncogenes in the breast.
Collapse
|
30
|
Busch S, Sims AH, Stål O, Fernö M, Landberg G. Loss of TGFβ Receptor Type 2 Expression Impairs Estrogen Response and Confers Tamoxifen Resistance. Cancer Res 2016; 75:1457-69. [PMID: 25833830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One third of the patients with estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer who are treated with the antiestrogen tamoxifen will either not respond to initial therapy or will develop drug resistance. Endocrine response involves crosstalk between ERα and TGFβ signaling, such that tamoxifen nonresponsiveness or resistance in breast cancer might involve aberrant TGFβ signaling. In this study, we analyzed TGFβ receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) expression and correlated it with ERα status and phosphorylation in a cohort of 564 patients who had been randomized to tamoxifen or no-adjuvant treatment for invasive breast carcinoma. We also evaluated an additional four independent genetic datasets in invasive breast cancer. In all the cohorts we analyzed, we documented an association of low TGFBR2 protein and mRNA expression with tamoxifen resistance. Functional investigations confirmed that cell cycle or apoptosis responses to estrogen or tamoxifen in ERα-positive breast cancer cells were impaired by TGFBR2 silencing, as was ERα phosphorylation, tamoxifen-induced transcriptional activation of TGFβ, and upregulation of the multidrug resistance protein ABCG2. Acquisition of low TGFBR2 expression as a contributing factor to endocrine resistance was validated prospectively in a tamoxifen-resistant cell line generated by long-term drug treatment. Collectively, our results established a central contribution of TGFβ signaling in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and offered evidence that TGFBR2 can serve as an independent biomarker to predict treatment outcomes in ERα-positive forms of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Busch
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Cancer Research UK Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institution of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. Molecular Pathology, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen X, Lu P, Chen L, Yang SJ, Shen HY, Yu DD, Zhang XH, Zhong SL, Zhao JH, Tang JH. Perioperative propofol-paravertebral anesthesia decreases the metastasis and progression of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8259-66. [PMID: 26383520 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol-paravertebral anesthesia (PPA) is a unique combination of paravertebral nerve blocks (PVBs) and propofol that regulates the cellular microenvironment during surgical period. Growing evidence points to its ability to attenuate perioperative immunosuppression of cancers. Abundant studies show that cancer patients who undergo perioperative PPA exhibit less recurrence as well as metastasis. Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-induced death in women. Over the last decades, increasing concerns have been put on the promotional role of PPA in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Among them, PPA participates in several bioprocesses in the development of breast cancer, including inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity, elevating serum concentration of nitric oxide index (NOx), depression of the neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (NET1) signal pathway, blocking the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway following an decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), increasing NK cytotoxicity, and affecting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-targeted ras and HER2/neu gene pathways. In this review, we discuss the effect of PPA on breast cancer metastasis and progression. This will provide an alteration pattern of surgical anesthesia technique in breast cancer patients with poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Public Healthy Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsulu 172, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Su-jin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan-dan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-hui Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shan-liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian-hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jin-hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
O'Brien SK, Chen L, Zhong W, Armellino D, Yu J, Loreth C, Follettie M, Damelin M. Breast Cancer Cells Respond Differentially to Modulation of TGFβ2 Signaling after Exposure to Chemotherapy or Hypoxia. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4605-16. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Greenow KR, Smalley MJ. Overview of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Breast Cancer Used in Translational Biology and Drug Development. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 70:14.36.1-14.36.14. [PMID: 26331886 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1436s70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition with no single standard of treatment and no definitive method for determining whether a tumor will respond to therapy. The development of murine models that faithfully mimic specific human breast cancer subtypes is critical for the development of patient-specific treatments. While the artificial nature of traditional in vivo xenograft models used to characterize novel anticancer treatments has limited clinical predictive value, the development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) makes it possible to study the therapeutic responses in an intact microenvironment. GEMMs have proven to be an experimentally tractable platform for evaluating the efficacy of novel therapeutic combinations and for defining the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Described in this overview are several of the more popular breast cancer GEMMs, including details on their value in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Greenow
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Current Address: Propath UK Ltd., Hereford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tarulli GA, Laven-Law G, Shakya R, Tilley WD, Hickey TE. Hormone-sensing mammary epithelial progenitors: emerging identity and hormonal regulation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:75-91. [PMID: 26390871 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone-sensing mammary epithelial cell (HS-MEC-expressing oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PGR)) is often represented as being terminally differentiated and lacking significant progenitor activity after puberty. Therefore while able to profoundly influence the proliferation and function of other MEC populations, HS-MECs are purported not to respond to sex hormone signals by engaging in significant cell proliferation during adulthood. This is a convenient and practical simplification that overshadows the sublime, and potentially critical, phenotypic plasticity found within the adult HS-MEC population. This concept is exemplified by the large proportion (~80 %) of human breast cancers expressing PGR and/or ERα, demonstrating that HS-MECs clearly proliferate in the context of breast cancer. Understanding how HS-MEC proliferation and differentiation is driven could be key to unraveling the mechanisms behind uncontrolled HS-MEC proliferation associated with ERα- and/or PGR-positive breast cancers. Herein we review evidence for the existence of a HS-MEC progenitor and the emerging plasticity of the HS-MEC population in general. This is followed by an analysis of hormones other than oestrogen and progesterone that are able to influence HS-MEC proliferation and differentiation: androgens, prolactin and transforming growth factor-beta1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Geraldine Laven-Law
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Reshma Shakya
- Breast Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bill R, Christofori G. The relevance of EMT in breast cancer metastasis: Correlation or causality? FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1577-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
36
|
Haley JA, Haughney E, Ullman E, Bean J, Haley JD, Fink MY. Altered Transcriptional Control Networks with Trans-Differentiation of Isogenic Mutant-KRas NSCLC Models. Front Oncol 2014; 4:344. [PMID: 25538889 PMCID: PMC4259114 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The capacity of cancer cells to undergo epithelial mesenchymal trans-differentiation has been implicated as a factor driving metastasis, through the acquisition of enhanced migratory/invasive cell programs and the engagement of anti-apoptotic mechanisms promoting drug and radiation resistance. Our aim was to define molecular signaling changes associated with mesenchymal trans-differentiation in two KRas mutant NSCLC models. We focused on central transcription and epigenetic regulators predicted to be important for mesenchymal cell survival. Experimental design: We have modeled trans-differentiation and cancer stemness in inducible isogenic mutant-KRas H358 and A549 non-small cell lung cell backgrounds. As expected, our models show mesenchymal-like tumor cells acquire novel mechanisms of cellular signaling not apparent in their epithelial counterparts. We employed large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic, proteomic, protein–protein interaction, RNA-Seq, and network function prediction approaches to dissect the molecular events associated with the establishment and maintenance of the mesenchymal state. Results: Gene-set enrichment and pathway prediction indicated BMI1, KDM5B, RUNX2, MYC/MAX, NFκB, LEF1, and HIF1 target networks were significantly enriched in the trans-differentiation of H358 and A549 NSCLC models. Physical overlaps between multiple networks implicate NR4A1 as an overlapping control between TCF and NFκB pathways. Enrichment correlations also indicated marked decrease in cell cycling, which occurred early in the EMT process. RNA abundance time course studies also indicated early expression of epigenetic and chromatin regulators within 8–24 h, including CITED4, RUNX3, CMBX1, and SIRT4. Conclusion: Multiple transcription and epigenetic pathways where altered between epithelial and mesenchymal tumor cell states, notably the polycomb repressive complex-1, HP1γ, and BAF/Swi-Snf. Network analysis suggests redundancy in the activation and inhibition of pathway regulators, notably factors controlling epithelial cell state. Through large-scale transcriptional and epigenetic cell reprograming, mesenchymal trans-differentiation can promote diversification of signaling networks potentially important in resistance to cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Haley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, LIU Post , Brookville, NY , USA
| | | | - Erica Ullman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Tarrytown, NY , USA
| | - James Bean
- Infectious Disease Division, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - John D Haley
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Stony Brook School of Medicine , Stony Brook, NY , USA
| | - Marc Y Fink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, LIU Post , Brookville, NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Novitskiy SV, Forrester E, Pickup MW, Gorska AE, Chytil A, Aakre M, Polosukhina D, Owens P, Yusupova DR, Zhao Z, Ye F, Shyr Y, Moses HL. Attenuated transforming growth factor beta signaling promotes metastasis in a model of HER2 mammary carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:425. [PMID: 25280532 PMCID: PMC4303109 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) plays a major role in the regulation of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. It is depended on the type II TGFβ receptor (TβRII) for signaling. Previously, we have shown that deletion of TβRII in mammary epithelial of MMTV-PyMT mice results in shortened tumor latency and increased lung metastases. However, active TGFβ signaling increased the number of circulating tumor cells and metastases in MMTV-Neu mice. In the current study, we describe a newly discovered connection between attenuated TGFβ signaling and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signaling in mammary tumor progression. Methods All studies were performed on MMTV-Neu mice with and without dominant-negative TβRII (DNIIR) in mammary epithelium. Mammary tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of secreted proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whole-lung mount staining was used to quantitate lung metastasis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were used to determine the relevance of our findings to human breast cancer. Results Attenuated TGFβ signaling led to a delay tumor onset, but increased the number of metastases in MMTVNeu/DNIIR mice. The DNIIR tumors were characterized by increased vasculogenesis, vessel leakage, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). During DNIIR tumor progression, both the levels of CXCL1/5 and the number of CD11b+Gr1+ cells and T cells decreased. Analysis of TCGA datasets demonstrated a significant negative correlation between TGFBR2 and VEGF genes expression. Higher VEGFA expression correlated with shorter distant metastasis-free survival only in HER2+ patients with no differences in HER2-, estrogen receptor +/- or progesterone receptor +/- breast cancer patients. Conclusion Our studies provide insights into a novel mechanism by which epithelial TGFβ signaling modulates the tumor microenvironment, and by which it is involved in lung metastasis in HER2+ breast cancer patients. The effects of pharmacological targeting of the TGFβ pathway in vivo during tumor progression remain controversial. The targeting of TGFβ signaling should be a viable option, but because VEGF has a protumorigenic effect on HER2+ tumors, the targeting of this protein could be considered when it is associated with attenuated TGFβ signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0425-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Y, Li W, Ying Z, Tian H, Zhu X, Li J, Li M. Metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer cells is associated with expression of a heterogeneous TGFβ-activating miR424-503 gene cluster. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6107-18. [PMID: 25164015 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ signaling is known to drive metastasis in human cancer. Under physiologic conditions, the level of TGFβ activity is tightly controlled by a regulatory network involving multiple negative regulators. At metastasis, however, these inhibitory mechanisms are usually overridden so that oncogenic TGFβ signaling can be overactivated and sustained. To better understand how the TGFβ inhibitors are suppressed in metastatic breast cancer cells, we compared miRNA expression profiles between breast cancers with or without metastasis and found that the miR424-503 cluster was markedly overexpressed in metastatic breast cancer. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR424 and miR503 simultaneously suppressed Smad7 and Smurf2, two key inhibitory factors of TGFβ signaling, leading to enhanced TGFβ signaling and metastatic capability of breast cancer cells. Moreover, antagonizing miR424-503 in breast cancer cells suppressed metastasis in vivo and increased overall host survival. Interestingly, our study also found that heterogeneous expression of the miR424-503 cluster contributed to the heterogeneity of TGFβ activity levels in, and metastatic potential of, breast cancer cell subsets. Overall, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism, mediated by elevated expression of the miR424-503 cluster, underlying TGFβ activation and metastasis of human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Moore KM, Thomas GJ, Duffy SW, Warwick J, Gabe R, Chou P, Ellis IO, Green AR, Haider S, Brouilette K, Saha A, Vallath S, Bowen R, Chelala C, Eccles D, Tapper WJ, Thompson AM, Quinlan P, Jordan L, Gillett C, Brentnall A, Violette S, Weinreb PH, Kendrew J, Barry ST, Hart IR, Jones JL, Marshall JF. Therapeutic targeting of integrin αvβ6 in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju169. [PMID: 24974129 PMCID: PMC4151855 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin αvβ6 promotes migration, invasion, and survival of cancer cells; however, the relevance and role of αvβ6 has yet to be elucidated in breast cancer. METHODS Protein expression of integrin subunit beta6 (β6) was measured in breast cancers by immunohistochemistry (n > 2000) and ITGB6 mRNA expression measured in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium dataset. Overall survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier curves, and bioinformatics statistical analyses were performed (Cox proportional hazards model, Wald test, and Chi-square test of association). Using antibody (264RAD) blockade and siRNA knockdown of β6 in breast cell lines, the role of αvβ6 in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) biology (expression, proliferation, invasion, growth in vivo) was assessed by flow cytometry, MTT, Transwell invasion, proximity ligation assay, and xenografts (n ≥ 3), respectively. A student's t-test was used for two variables; three-plus variables used one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison Test. Xenograft growth was analyzed using linear mixed model analysis, followed by Wald testing and survival, analyzed using the Log-Rank test. All statistical tests were two sided. RESULTS High expression of either the mRNA or protein for the integrin subunit β6 was associated with very poor survival (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.15, P = .002) and increased metastases to distant sites. Co-expression of β6 and HER2 was associated with worse prognosis (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.16 to 3.35, P = .01). Monotherapy with 264RAD or trastuzumab slowed growth of MCF-7/HER2-18 and BT-474 xenografts similarly (P < .001), but combining 264RAD with trastuzumab effectively stopped tumor growth, even in trastuzumab-resistant MCF-7/HER2-18 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Targeting αvβ6 with 264RAD alone or in combination with trastuzumab may provide a novel therapy for treating high-risk and trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Moore
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Stephen W Duffy
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Jane Warwick
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Rhian Gabe
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Patrick Chou
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Andrew R Green
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Syed Haider
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Kellie Brouilette
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Antonio Saha
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Sabari Vallath
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Rebecca Bowen
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Claude Chelala
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Diana Eccles
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - William J Tapper
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Phillip Quinlan
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Lee Jordan
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Adam Brentnall
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Shelia Violette
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Paul H Weinreb
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Jane Kendrew
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Simon T Barry
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - Ian R Hart
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - J Louise Jones
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB)
| | - John F Marshall
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Tumour Biology (KMM, GJT, KB, AS, SV, RB, IRH, JLJ, JFM), Cancer Screening Evaluation Group (SWD, JW, RG, PC), and Molecular Oncology and Imaging (SH, CC), John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK (IOE, ARG); Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (GJT, DE, WJT); Department of Surgery (AMT, PQ) and Department of Pathology (LJ), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Hedley Atkins Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK (CG); Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (AB); Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA (SV, PHW); Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK (JK, STB).
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
p66ShcA promotes breast cancer plasticity by inducing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3689-701. [PMID: 25071152 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00341-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers are stratified into distinct subtypes, which influence therapeutic responsiveness and patient outcome. Patients with luminal breast cancers are often associated with a better prognosis relative to that with other subtypes. However, subsets of patients with luminal disease remain at increased risk of cancer-related death. A critical process that increases the malignant potential of breast cancers is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The p66ShcA adaptor protein stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species in response to stress stimuli. In this paper, we report a novel role for p66ShcA in inducing an EMT in HER2(+) luminal breast cancers. p66ShcA increases the migratory properties of breast cancer cells and enhances signaling downstream of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase in these tumors. Moreover, Met activation is required for a p66ShcA-induced EMT in luminal breast cancer cells. Finally, elevated p66ShcA levels are associated with the acquisition of an EMT in primary breast cancers spanning all molecular subtypes, including luminal tumors. This is of high clinical relevance, as the luminal and HER2 subtypes together comprise 80% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers. This study identifies p66ShcA as one of the first prognostic biomarkers for the identification of more aggressive tumors with mesenchymal properties, regardless of molecular subtype.
Collapse
|
41
|
The atypical chemokine receptor CCX-CKR regulates metastasis of mammary carcinoma via an effect on EMT. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:815-24. [PMID: 25027038 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the significance of the homeostatic CC chemokine receptor-7 and its ligands CC chemokine ligand-19 (CCL19) and CCL21, in various types of cancer, particularly mammary carcinoma, has been highlighted. The chemokine receptor CCX-CKR is a high-affinity receptor for these chemokine ligands but rather than inducing classical downstream signalling events promoting migration, it instead sequesters and targets its ligands for degradation, and appears to function as a regulator of the bioavailability of these chemokines in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that local regulation of chemokine levels by CCX-CKR expressed on tumours alters tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. Expression of CCX-CKR on 4T1.2 mouse mammary carcinoma cells inhibited orthotopic tumour growth. However, this effect could not be correlated with chemokine scavenging in vivo and was not mediated by host adaptive immunity. Conversely, expression of CCX-CKR on 4T1.2 cells resulted in enhanced spontaneous metastasis and haematogenous metastasis in vivo. In vitro characterisation of the tumourigenicity of CCX-CKR-expressing 4T1.2 cells suggested accelerated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) revealed by their more invasive and motile character, lower adherence to the extracellular matrix and to each other, and greater resistance to anoikis. Further analysis of CCX-CKR-expressing 4T1.2 cells also revealed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression was increased both at mRNA and protein levels leading to enhanced autocrine phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 in these cells. Together, our data show a novel function for the chemokine receptor CCX-CKR as a regulator of TGF-β1 expression and the EMT in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun X, Ingman WV. Cytokine networks that mediate epithelial cell-macrophage crosstalk in the mammary gland: implications for development and cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:191-201. [PMID: 24924120 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between the hormone responsive mammary gland epithelium and surrounding stromal macrophage populations are critical for normal development and function of the mammary gland. Macrophages are versatile cells capable of diverse roles in mammary gland development and maintenance of homeostasis, and their function is highly dependent on signals within the local cytokine microenvironment. The mammary epithelium secretes a number of cytokines, including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) that affect the abundance, phenotype and function of macrophages. However, aberrations in these interactions have been found to increase the risk of tumour formation, and utilisation of stromal macrophage support by tumours can increase the invasive and metastatic potential of the cancer. Studies utilising genetically modified mouse models have shed light on the significance of epithelial cell-macrophage crosstalk, and the cytokines that mediate this communication, in mammary gland development and tumourigenesis. This article reviews the current status of our understanding of the roles of epithelial cell-derived cytokines in mammary gland development and cancer, with a focus on the crosstalk between epithelial cells and the local macrophage population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Principe DR, Doll JA, Bauer J, Jung B, Munshi HG, Bartholin L, Pasche B, Lee C, Grippo PJ. TGF-β: duality of function between tumor prevention and carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:djt369. [PMID: 24511106 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms underlying tumor progression have remained elusive, particularly in relation to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Although TGF-β initially inhibits epithelial growth, it appears to promote the progression of advanced tumors. Defects in normal TGF-β pathways partially explain this paradox, which can lead to a cascade of downstream events that drive multiple oncogenic pathways, manifesting as several key features of tumorigenesis (uncontrolled proliferation, loss of apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, sustained angiogenesis, evasion of immune surveillance, and metastasis). Understanding the mechanisms of TGF-β dysregulation will likely reveal novel points of convergence between TGF-β and other pathways that can be specifically targeted for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (DRP, JB, BJ) and Division of Hematology/Oncology (HGM), Department of Surgery, Division of GI Surgical Oncology (DRP, PJG), and Department of Urology (CL), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Biomedical Engineering. McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (DRP); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI (JAD); UMR INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (LB); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (BP); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA (CL)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brix DM, Clemmensen KKB, Kallunki T. When Good Turns Bad: Regulation of Invasion and Metastasis by ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. Cells 2014; 3:53-78. [PMID: 24709902 PMCID: PMC3980748 DOI: 10.3390/cells3010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer is strongly linked to an aggressive disease with high potential for invasion and metastasis. In addition to inducing very aggressive, metastatic cancer, ErbB2 activation mediates processes such as increased cancer cell proliferation and survival and is needed for normal physiological activities, such as heart function and development of the nervous system. How does ErbB2 activation make cancer cells invasive and when? Comprehensive understanding of the cellular mechanisms leading to ErbB2-induced malignant processes is necessary for answering these questions. Here we present current knowledge about the invasion-promoting function of ErbB2 and the mechanisms involved in it. Obtaining detailed information about the "bad" behavior of ErbB2 can facilitate development of novel treatments against ErbB2-positive cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Marie Brix
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Knut Kristoffer Bundgaard Clemmensen
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mazzarella L, Disalvatore D, Bagnardi V, Rotmensz N, Galbiati D, Caputo S, Curigliano G, Pelicci PG. Obesity increases the incidence of distant metastases in oestrogen receptor-negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3588-97. [PMID: 23953055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major negative determinant of breast cancer outcome. However, there are contrasting data on the differential impact of obesity on specific breast cancer subtypes. In particular, very little is known on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumours. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed the prognostic role of increased body mass index (BMI) on a consecutive series of non-metastatic HER2+ patients treated at our institution before the introduction of adjuvant Trastuzumab. We separately analysed oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and -negative (ER-) HER2+ cases. RESULTS In ER-/HER2+ tumours we observed a significantly worse overall survival (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, p-value 0.041) and cumulative incidence of distant metastases (HR 2.03, p-value 0.019) in obese (BMI>30) versus normal/underweight (BMI<25) patients. Local relapses appeared to be non-significantly reduced in obese patients, masking the overall effect on disease-free survival. Outcome in ER+ tumours, instead, was not significantly different between BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS Obesity significantly correlates with worse overall survival and cumulative incidence of distant metastases in ER-/HER2 positive breast cancer. Differences in the biology of breast tumours may determine individual susceptibility to obesity. The biology of the underlying tumour should be taken into account in the design of dietary intervention trials in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzarella
- Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Activin and TGFβ regulate expression of the microRNA-181 family to promote cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1556-66. [PMID: 23524334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-181 (miR-181) is a multifaceted miRNA that has been implicated in many cellular processes such as cell fate determination and cellular invasion. While miR-181 is often overexpressed in human tumors, a direct role for this miRNA in breast cancer progression has not yet been characterized. In this study, we found this miRNA to be regulated by both activin and TGFβ. While we found no effect of miR-181 modulation on activin/TGFβ-mediated tumor suppression, our data clearly indicate that miR-181 plays a critical and prominent role downstream of two growth factors, in mediating their pro-migratory and pro-invasive effects in breast cancer cells miR-181 acts as a metastamir in breast cancer. Thus, our findings define a novel role for miR-181 downstream of activin/TGFβ in regulating their tumor promoting functions. Having defined miR-181 as a critical regulator of tumor progression in vitro, our results thus, highlight miR-181 as an important potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lopez-Haber C, Kazanietz MG. Cucurbitacin I inhibits Rac1 activation in breast cancer cells by a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism and independently of Janus tyrosine kinase 2 and P-Rex1. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:1141-54. [PMID: 23478800 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 has been widely implicated in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Previous studies established that stimulation of ErbB receptors in breast cancer cells activates Rac1 and enhances motility via the Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex1. As the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (Jak2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway has been shown to be functionally associated with ErbB receptors, we asked if this pathway could mediate P-Rex1/Rac1 activation in response to ErbB ligands. Here we found that the anticancer agent cucurbitacin I, a Jak2 inhibitor, reduced the activation of Rac1 and motility in response to the ErbB3 ligand heregulin in breast cancer cells. However, Rac1 activation was not affected by Jak2 or Stat3 RNA interference, suggesting that the effect of cucurbitacin I occurs through a Jak2-independent mechanism. Cucurbitacin I also failed to affect the activation of P-Rex1 by heregulin. Subsequent analysis revealed that cucurbitacin I strongly activates RhoA and the Rho effector Rho kinase (ROCK) in breast cancer cells and induces the formation of stress fibers. Interestingly, disruption of the RhoA-ROCK pathway prevented the inhibitory effect of cucurbitacin I on Rac1 activation by heregulin. Lastly, we found that RhoA activation by cucurbitacin I is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS scavenger N-acetyl L-cysteine and the mitochondrial antioxidant Mito-TEMPO rescued the inhibitory effect of cucurbitacin I on Rac1 activation. In conclusion, these results indicate that ErbB-driven Rac1 activation in breast cancer cells proceeds independently of the Jak2 pathway. Moreover, they established that the inhibitory effect of cucurbitacin I on Rac1 activity involves the alteration of the balance between Rho and Rac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lopez-Haber
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Co-evolution of breast-to-brain metastasis and neural progenitor cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:753-68. [PMID: 23456474 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain colonization by metastatic tumor cells offers a unique opportunity to investigate microenvironmental influences on the neoplastic process. The bi-directional interplay of breast cancer cells (mesodermal origin) and brain cells (neuroectodermal origin) is poorly understood and rarely investigated. In our patients undergoing neurosurgical resection of breast-to-brain metastases, specimens from the tumor/brain interface exhibited increased active gliosis as previously described. In addition, our histological characterization revealed infiltration of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) both outside and inside the tumor margin, leading us to investigate the cellular and molecular interactions between NPCs and metastases. Since signaling by the TGF-β superfamily is involved in both developmental neurobiology and breast cancer pathogenesis, we examined the role of these proteins in the context of brain metastases. The brain-metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231Br (231Br) expressed BMP-2 at significantly higher levels compared to its matched primary breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (231). Co-culturing was used to examine bi-directional cellular effects and the relevance of BMP-2 overexpression. When co-cultured with NPCs, 231 (primary) tumor cells failed to proliferate over 15 days. However, 231Br (brain metastatic) tumor cells co-cultured with NPCs escaped growth inhibition after day 5 and proliferated, occurring in parallel with NPC differentiation into astrocytes. Using shRNA and gene knock-in, we then demonstrated BMP-2 secreted by 231Br cells mediated NPC differentiation into astrocytes and concomitant tumor cell proliferation in vitro. In xenografts, overexpression of BMP-2 in primary breast cancer cells significantly enhanced their ability to engraft and colonize the brain, thereby creating a metastatic phenotype. Conversely, BMP-2 knockdown in metastatic breast cancer cells significantly diminished engraftment and colonization. The results suggest metastatic tumor cells create a permissive neural niche by steering NPC differentiation toward astrocytes through paracrine BMP-2 signaling.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ngan E, Northey JJ, Brown CM, Ursini-Siegel J, Siegel PM. A complex containing LPP and α-actinin mediates TGFβ-induced migration and invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1981-91. [PMID: 23447672 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.118315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a potent modifier of the malignant phenotype in ErbB2-expressing breast cancers. We demonstrate that epithelial-derived breast cancer cells, which undergo a TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), engage signaling molecules that normally facilitate cellular migration and invasion of mesenchymal cells. We identify lipoma preferred partner (LPP) as an indispensable regulator of TGFβ-induced migration and invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells. We show that LPP re-localizes to focal adhesion complexes upon TGFβ stimulation and is a critical determinant in TGFβ-mediated focal adhesion turnover. Finally, we have determined that the interaction between LPP and α-actinin, an actin cross-linking protein, is necessary for TGFβ-induced migration and invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells. Thus, our data reveal that LPP, which is normally operative in cells of mesenchymal origin, can be co-opted by breast cancer cells during an EMT to promote their migration and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ngan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Saxena M, Christofori G. Rebuilding cancer metastasis in the mouse. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:283-96. [PMID: 23474222 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are due to the systemic dissemination of cancer cells and the formation of secondary tumors (metastasis) in distant organs. Recent years have brought impressive progress in metastasis research, yet we still lack sufficient insights into how cancer cells migrate out of primary tumors and invade into neighboring tissue, intravasate into the blood or the lymphatic circulation, survive in the blood stream, and target specific organs to initiate metastatic outgrowth. While a large number of cellular and animal models of cancer have been crucial in delineating the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression, experimental models that faithfully recapitulate the multiple stages of metastatic disease are still scarce. The advent of sophisticated genetic engineering in mice, in particular the ability to manipulate gene expression in specific tissue and at desired time points at will, have allowed to rebuild the metastatic process in mice. Here, we describe a selection of cellular experimental systems, tumor transplantation mouse models and genetically engineered mouse models that are used for monitoring specific processes involved in metastasis, such as cell migration and invasion, and for investigating the full metastatic process. Such models not only aid in deciphering the pathomechanisms of metastasis, but are also instrumental for the preclinical testing of anti-metastatic therapies and further refinement and generation of improved models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|