1
|
Bmp5 Mutation Alters miRNA Expression During Embryonic External Ear Development. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:2692-2697. [PMID: 35765140 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To understand the changes in gene regulation and expression of MicroRNA (miRNA) involved in external mouseear embryonic development after point mutation of the Bmp5 gene, the outer ear tissues of developed E15.5 and E17.5 mouse embryos were obtained using a Bmp5 short ear mouse model, and the changes in miRNA expression profiles were detected. Changes in miRNA expression in the experimental and control groups were identified during Bmp5 short ear mouse embryo development at E15.5 and E17.5. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotations were performed on differentially expressed miRNAs. Multiple signal pathways related to miRNA expression were enhanced during the development of E15.5 and E17.5 embryos of Bmp5 short-ear mice. Based on the basic characteristics of miRNAs, this study aimed to determine the differential expression of miRNAs in Bmp5 short-ear mice during the development of external ear embryos using advanced sequencing techniques. The results showed differences in some key regulatory miRNA changes after point mutations in the Bmp5 gene. This study provides new insights into the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the development of the external mouse ear. Changes in miRNA expression profiles can also provide clues for studying the biological regulatory mechanism of external ear embryonic development.
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu D, He H, Jiang X, Yang L, Liu D, Yang L, Geng G, Cheng J, Chen H, Hua R, Duan J, Li X, Wu L, Li Y, Li Q. Raf-ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:741-749. [PMID: 30785650 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are required for normal reproductive function of female. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Raf-ERK1/2 on steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that both B-Raf and C-Raf were expressed in granulosa cells, theca cells and Sertoli cells. The protein expression of Raf or ERK1/2 was clearly decreased by Raf inhibitor GSK2118436 or ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, western blotting was performed for investigating the crosstalk between Raf and ERK1/2, the data showed that Raf positively regulated ERK1/2, whereas ERK1/2 had a negative feedback effect on Raf. The biosynthesis of oestradiol or testosterone was significantly decreased by treatment with GSK2118436 or SCH772984 (p < 0.05). Conversely, the progesterone biosynthesis was clearly increased by treatment with those inhibitors (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of STAR, aromatase and CYP17 was blocked by Raf-ERK1/2 signalling inhibition, which oppositely induced the mRNA expression of CYP11. Together, these findings suggested that Raf-ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis via affecting the expression of steroidogenic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanshan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dinbang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoxia Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huali Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The dynamic of the apical ectoplasmic specialization between spermatids and Sertoli cells: the case of the small GTPase Rap1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:635979. [PMID: 24719879 PMCID: PMC3955676 DOI: 10.1155/2014/635979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies, infertility remains a consistent health problem worldwide. Spermiation is the process through which mature spermatids detach from the supporting Sertoli cells and are released into the tubule lumen. Spermiation failure leads to lack of mature spermatozoa and, if not occasional, could result into azoospermia, major cause of male infertility in human population. Spermatids are led through their differentiation into spermatozoa by the apical ectoplasmic specialization (aES), a testis-specific, actin-based anchoring junction restricted to the Sertoli-spermatid interface. The aES helps spermatid movement across the seminiferous epithelium, promotes spermatid positioning, and prevents the release of immature spermatozoa. To accomplish its functions, aES needs to undergo tightly and timely regulated restructuring. Even if components of aES are partly known, the mechanism/s through which aES is regulated remains still elusive. In this review, we propose a model by which the small GTPase Rap1 could regulate aES assembly/remodelling. The characterization of key players in the dynamic of aES, such as Rap1, could open new possibility to develop prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for male patients under treatment for infertility as well as it could lead to the identification of new target for male contraception.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kohli S, Ahuja S, Rani V. Transcription factors in heart: promising therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 7:262-71. [PMID: 22758628 PMCID: PMC3322445 DOI: 10.2174/157340311799960618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is central to cell growth, differentiation and diseases. Context specific and signal dependent regulation of gene expression is achieved to a large part by transcription factors. Cardiac transcription factors regulate heart development and are also involved in stress regulation of the adult heart, which may lead to cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes is an outcome of the imbalance between prohypertrophic factors and anti-hypertrophic factors. This is initially a compensatory mechanism but sustained hypertrophy may lead to heart failure. The growing knowledge of transcriptional control mechanisms is helpful in the development of novel therapies. This review summarizes the role of cardiac transcription factors in cardiac hypertrophy, emphasizing their potential as attractive therapeutic targets to prevent the onset of heart failure and sudden death as they can be converging targets for current therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kohli
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University, NOIDA 210307, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
CtBP2 downregulation during neural crest specification induces expression of Mitf and REST, resulting in melanocyte differentiation and sympathoadrenal lineage suppression. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:955-70. [PMID: 21199918 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01062-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trunk neural crest (NC) cells differentiate to neurons, melanocytes, and glia. In NC cultures, cyclic AMP (cAMP) induces melanocyte differentiation while suppressing the neuronal sympathoadrenal lineage, depending on the signal intensity. Melanocyte differentiation requires activation of CREB and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), but the role of PKA is not understood. We have demonstrated, in NC cultures, cAMP-induced transcription of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene (Mitf) and the RE-1 silencing transcription factor gene (REST), both Wnt-regulated genes. In NC cultures and zebrafish, knockdown of the corepressor of Wnt-mediated transcription C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) but not CtBP1 derepressed Mitf and REST expression and enhanced melanocyte differentiation. cAMP in NC and B16 melanoma cells decreased CtBP2 protein levels, while inhibition of PKA or proteasome rescued CtBP2 degradation. Interestingly, knockdown of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), a CtBP stability modulator, increased CtBP2 levels, suppressed expression of Mitf, REST, and melanocyte differentiation, and increased neuronal gene expression and sympathoadrenal lineage differentiation. We conclude that cAMP/PKA via HIPK2 promotes CtBP2 degradation, leading to Mitf and REST expression. Mitf induces melanocyte specification, and REST suppresses neuron-specific gene expression and the sympathoadrenal lineage. Our studies identify a novel role for REST in NC cell differentiation and suggest cross talk between cAMP and Wnt signaling in NC lineage specification.
Collapse
|
7
|
Horike N, Kumagai A, Shimono Y, Onishi T, Itoh Y, Sasaki T, Kitagawa K, Hatano O, Takagi H, Susumu T, Teraoka H, Kusano KI, Nagaoka Y, Kawahara H, Takemori H. Downregulation of SIK2 expression promotes the melanogenic program in mice. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010; 23:809-19. [PMID: 20819186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) promotes melanogenesis by inducing microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf ) gene expression. We report here that the CREB-specific coactivator TORC and its repressor, salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2), are fundamental determinants of the melanogenic program in mice. Exposure of B16 melanoma cells to ultraviolet (UV) light results in the immediate nuclear translocation of TORC1, which is inhibited by SIK2. Overexpression of dominant-negative TORC1 also inhibits UV-induced Mitf gene expression and melanogenesis. α-MSH signaling regulates hair pigmentation, and the decrease in α-MSH activity in hair follicle melanocytes switches the melanin synthesis from eumelanin (black) to pheomelanin (yellow). Mice with the lethal yellow allele of agouti (A(y)) have yellow hair because of impaired activation of the α-MSH receptor. To examine the involvement of SIK2 in the regulation of the melanogenesis switch in vivo, we prepared SIK2-knockout mice, and the Sik2(-/-) genotype was introduced into A(y)/a mice. The resultant Sik2(-/-); A(y)/a mice had brown hair, indicating that SIK2 represses eumelanogenesis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanao Horike
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Le Pape E, Passeron T, Giubellino A, Valencia JC, Wolber R, Hearing VJ. Microarray analysis sheds light on the dedifferentiating role of agouti signal protein in murine melanocytes via the Mc1r. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:1802-7. [PMID: 19174519 PMCID: PMC2644118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806753106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) is a key regulator of pigmentation in mammals and is tightly linked to an increased risk of skin cancers, including melanoma, in humans. Physiologically activated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), MC1R function can be antagonized by a secreted factor, agouti signal protein (ASP), which is responsible for the lighter phenotypes in mammals (including humans), and is also associated with increased risk of skin cancer. It is therefore of great interest to characterize the molecular effects elicited by those MC1R ligands. In this study, we determined the gene expression profiles of murine melan-a melanocytes treated with ASP or alphaMSH over a 4-day time course using genome-wide oligonucleotide microarrays. As expected, there were significant reductions in expression of numerous melanogenic proteins elicited by ASP, which correlates with its inhibition of pigmentation. ASP also unexpectedly modulated the expression of genes involved in various other cellular pathways, including glutathione synthesis and redox metabolism. Many genes up-regulated by ASP are involved in morphogenesis (especially in nervous system development), cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix-receptor interactions. Concomitantly, ASP enhanced the migratory potential and the invasiveness of melanocytic cells in vitro. These results demonstrate the role of ASP in the dedifferentiation of melanocytes, identify pigment-related genes targeted by ASP and by alphaMSH, and provide insights into the pleiotropic molecular effects of MC1R signaling that may function during development and may affect skin cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Le Pape
- Pigment Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology
| | | | - Alessio Giubellino
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | - Rainer Wolber
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Skin Research Center, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thomas AJ, Erickson CA. The making of a melanocyte: the specification of melanoblasts from the neural crest. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008; 21:598-610. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2008.00506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
11
|
Differential effects of phosphorylation on DNA binding properties of N Oct-3 are dictated by protein/DNA complex structures. J Mol Biol 2007; 370:687-700. [PMID: 17543985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N Oct-3, a transcription factor member of the POU protein family, is implicated in normal central nervous system development but also in melanoma growth. Its DNA-binding domain (DBD) comprises two subdomains, POUs and POUh, joined by a linker peptide. We have previously shown that N Oct-3 can interact with the already described PORE and MORE DNA motifs, but also with a new structural element we have termed NORE. Having observed that both the PORE and NORE DNA-association modes depend on a strong anchoring of the POUh subdomain rigid arm into the DNA-target minor groove, in contrast to the MORE mode, we have formulated the hypothesis that phosphorylation of the conserved Ser101 residue located in the N Oct-3 POUh arm could lead to differential results in DNA binding according to the type of target. Here we demonstrate that, in vitro, Ser101 is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA), either purified or contained in melanoma (624 mel) nuclear extract, and that this phosphorylation indeed significantly reduced N Oct-3 DBD binding to PORE and NORE motifs, most likely by hampering the POUh rigid arm insertion in the DNA minor groove. Conversely, no effect was observed on the binding of N Oct-3 DBD to MORE sequences. Finally, once bound to its DNA targets, N Oct-3 DBD is less susceptible to PKA activity. We conclude that transcription of genes exhibiting a MORE motif in their promoter should be less affected by N Oct-3 phosphorylation than that of genes switched on by PORE or NORE sequences.
Collapse
|
12
|
Aivatiadou E, Mattei E, Ceriani M, Tilia L, Berruti G. Impaired fertility and spermiogenetic disorders with loss of cell adhesion in male mice expressing an interfering Rap1 mutant. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:1530-42. [PMID: 17314400 PMCID: PMC1838989 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanosine trisphosphatase Rap1 serves as a critical player in signal transduction, somatic cell proliferation and differentiation, and cell-cell adhesion by acting through distinct mechanisms. During mouse spermiogenesis, Rap1 is activated and forms a signaling complex with its effector, the serine-threonine kinase B-Raf. To investigate the functional role of Rap1 in male germ cell differentiation, we generated transgenic mice expressing an inactive Rap1 mutant selectively in differentiating spermatids. This expression resulted in a derailment of spermiogenesis due to an anomalous release of immature round spermatids from the seminiferous epithelium within the tubule lumen and in low sperm counts. These spermiogenetic disorders correlated with impaired fertility, with the transgenic males being severely subfertile. Because mutant testis exhibited perturbations in ectoplasmic specializations (ESs), a Sertoli-germ cell-specific adherens junction, we searched for expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), an adhesion molecule regulated by Rap1, in spermatogenic cells of wild-type and mutant mice. We found that germ cells express VE-cadherin with a timing strictly related to apical ES formation and function; immature, VE-cadherin-positive spermatids were, however, prematurely released in the transgenic testis. In conclusion, interfering with Rap1 function during spermiogenesis leads to reduced fertility by impairment of germ-Sertoli cell contacts; our transgenic mouse provides an in vivo model to study the regulation of ES dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Aivatiadou
- *Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Reproduction, Department of Biology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattei
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy; and
| | - Michela Ceriani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Leila Tilia
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy; and
| | - Giovanna Berruti
- *Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Reproduction, Department of Biology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Transcriptional silencing of glucocorticoid-inducible phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression by sequential signaling events. Exp Cell Res 2006; 313:772-81. [PMID: 17196587 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Specific arrays and timing of environmental cues including glucocorticoids, neurotrophic factors and intracellular messengers influence phenotype expression in developing chromaffin cells or sympathetic neurons. Although the two lineages are closely related, only adrenergic chromaffin cells express phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the enzyme that synthesizes epinephrine, while neurons and noradrenergic chromaffin cells are PNMT-negative. It remains unclear to what extent the ability to express PNMT is determined by environmental cues versus intrinsic heterogeneity already present in ganglionic and adrenal precursors. Mouse pheochromocytoma (MPC) cell lines are a model for studying adrenergic differentiation. In two MPC lines that exhibit up to 1000-fold induction of PNMT mRNA by dexamethasone, pretreatment with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and/or the cyclic AMP analog cpt-cAMP markedly blunts or abrogates PNMT inducibility. PNMT suppression occurs without apparent neuronal differentiation in one of the MPC lines and in normal adult mouse chromaffin cell cultures. Our results establish transcriptional suppression by cAMP as a mechanism for regulating PNMT expression in both normal and neoplastic mouse chromaffin cells. However, contrast between large increases in PNMT mRNA levels and low stimulation of promoter activity suggests that modulation of mRNA degradation also plays an important role. Clarification of mechanisms that regulate these two processes in MPC cells may provide insight into developmental mechanisms governing expression and maintenance of the adrenergic phenotype.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tshori S, Gilon D, Beeri R, Nechushtan H, Kaluzhny D, Pikarsky E, Razin E. Transcription factor MITF regulates cardiac growth and hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:2673-81. [PMID: 16998588 PMCID: PMC1570375 DOI: 10.1172/jci27643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) expression have been described in several cell types, including melanocytes, mast cells, and osteoclasts. MITF plays a pivotal role in the regulation of specific genes in these cells. Although its mRNA has been found to be present in relatively high levels in the heart, its cardiac role has never been explored. Here we show that a specific heart isoform of MITF is expressed in cardiomyocytes and can be induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation but not by paired box gene 3 (PAX3), the regulator of the melanocyte MITF isoform. In 2 mouse strains with different MITF mutations, heart weight/body weight ratio was decreased as was the hypertrophic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. These mice also demonstrated a tendency to sudden death following beta-adrenergic stimulation. Most impressively, 15-month-old MITF-mutated mice had greatly decreased heart weight/body weight ratio, systolic function, and cardiac output. In contrast with normal mice, in the MITF-mutated mice, beta-adrenergic stimulation failed to induce B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), an important modulator of cardiac hypertrophy, while atrial natriuretic peptide levels and phosphorylated Akt were increased, suggesting a cardiac stress response. In addition, cardiomyocytes cultured with siRNA against MITF showed a substantial decrease in BNP promoter activity. Thus, for what we believe is the first time, we have demonstrated that MITF plays an essential role in beta-adrenergic-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagi Tshori
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Heart Institute,
Department of Oncology, and
Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Gilon
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Heart Institute,
Department of Oncology, and
Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Beeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Heart Institute,
Department of Oncology, and
Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Heart Institute,
Department of Oncology, and
Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dmitry Kaluzhny
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Heart Institute,
Department of Oncology, and
Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Heart Institute,
Department of Oncology, and
Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Razin
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Heart Institute,
Department of Oncology, and
Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sarkar AA, Howard MJ. Perspectives on integration of cell extrinsic and cell intrinsic pathways of signaling required for differentiation of noradrenergic sympathetic ganglion neurons. Auton Neurosci 2006; 126-127:225-31. [PMID: 16647305 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2006.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an analysis of current research aimed at deciphering the interplay of cell extrinsic and intrinsic signals required for specification and differentiation of noradrenergic sympathetic ganglion neurons. The development of noradrenergic sympathetic ganglion neurons depends upon expression of a core set of DNA regulatory molecules, including the Phox2 homeodomain proteins and the basic helix-loop-helix proteins, HAND2 and MASH1 whose expression is dependent upon cell extrinsic cues. Both bone morphogenetic protein(s) and cAMP have an integral role in the specification/differentiation of noradrenergic sympathetic ganglion neurons but how signaling downstream of these molecules is integrated and identification of their particular functions is just beginning to be elucidated. Data currently available suggests a model with BMP providing both instructive and permissive cues in a pathway integrated by cAMP and MAPK by activation of both canonical and non-canonical intracellular signaling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali A Sarkar
- Department of Neurosciences, Program in Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Medical University of Ohio, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen S, Ji M, Paris M, Hullinger RL, Andrisani OM. The cAMP pathway regulates both transcription and activity of the paired homeobox transcription factor Phox2a required for development of neural crest-derived and central nervous system-derived catecholaminergic neurons. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:41025-36. [PMID: 16204240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503537200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent neural crest (NC) cells differentiate to diverse lineages, including the neuronal, sympathoadrenal lineage. In primary NC cultures, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) requires moderate activation of cAMP signaling for induction of the sympathoadrenal lineage. However, the mechanism by which cAMP signaling synergizes with BMP2 to induce the sympathodrenal lineage is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that moderate activation of cAMP signaling induces both transcription and activity of proneural transcription factor Phox2a. In NC cultures inhibition of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription by expression of dominant-negative CREB suppresses Phox2a transcription and sympathoadrenal lineage development. Interestingly, the constitutively active CREB(DIEDML), despite inducing Phox2a transcription, is insufficient for sympathoadrenal lineage development, requiring activation of the cAMP pathway. Because CREB(DIEDML)-mediates cAMP-dependent transcription without requiring activation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), these results identify PKA activation as necessary in sympathoadrenal lineage development. Treatment of NC cultures with the PKA inhibitor H89 or 1-10 nm okadaic acid (OA), a serine/threonine PP2A-like phosphatase inhibitor, suppresses sympathoadrenal lineage development. Likewise, OA treatment of the CNS-derived catecholaminergic CAD cell line inhibits cAMP-mediated neuronal differentiation. Specifically, OA inhibits cAMP-mediated Phox2a dephosphorylation, cAMP-dependent Phox2a DNA binding in vitro, and cAMP- and Phox2a-dependent dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-luciferase reporter expression. Together, these results support cAMP-dependent Phox2a dephosphorylation is required for its activation. We conclude that moderate activation of cAMP signaling has dual inputs in catecholaminergic, sympathoadrenal lineage development; that is, regulation of both Phox2a transcription and activity. These results provide the first mechanistic understanding of how moderate activation of the cAMP pathway in synergy with BMP2 promotes sympathoadrenal lineage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigeng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bilodeau ML, Ji M, Paris M, Andrisani OM. Adenosine signaling promotes neuronal, catecholaminergic differentiation of primary neural crest cells and CNS-derived CAD cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 29:394-404. [PMID: 15886017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In neural crest (NC) cultures cAMP signaling is an instructive signal in catecholaminergic, sympathoadrenal cell development. However, the extracellular signals activating the cAMP pathway during NC cell development have not been identified. We demonstrate that in avian NC cultures, evidenced by tyrosine hydroxylase expression and catecholamine biosynthesis, adenosine and not adrenergic signaling, together with BMP2, promotes sympathoadrenal cell development. In NC cultures, addition of the adenosine receptor agonist NECA in the presence of BMP2 promotes sympathoadrenal cell development, whereas the antagonist CGS 15943 or the adenosine degrading enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) suppresses TH expression. Importantly, NC cells express A2A and A2B receptors which couple with Gsalpha increasing intracellular cAMP. Employing the CNS-derived catecholaminergic CAD cell line, we also demonstrate that neuronal differentiation mediated by serum withdrawal is further enhanced by treatment with IBMX, a cAMP-elevating agent, or the adenosine receptor agonist NECA, acting via cAMP. By contrast, the adenosine receptor antagonist CGS 15943 or the adenosine degrading enzyme ADA inhibits CAD cell neuronal differentiation mediated by serum withdrawal. These results support that adenosine is a physiological signal in neuronal differentiation of the CNS-derived catecholaminergic CAD cell line and suggest that adenosine signaling is involved in NC cell development in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Bilodeau
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 1246 Lynn Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1246, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|