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Wang Y, Liang G, Mu W, Sun S, Chen X, Xu X. Bushen Tianjing Recipe inhibits human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN apoptosis induced by miR-23a through the regulation of the sirtuin family. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117201. [PMID: 37739102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Tianjing Recipe (BTR) is a tonic-kidney formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with good therapeutic effects in clinical settings. It was mainly applied to inhibit the decrease of ovarian reserve function in patients. However, the anti-apoptosis mechanism of BTR remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The formula of BTR is composed of prepared rehmannia root, debark peony root, carapax testudinis and asiatic cornelian cherry fruit. All four components contain the essences of nourishing yin and tonic-kidney. In the theory of TCM, the kidneys store the essence and are primarily responsible for reproduction and development. Hence, we speculated that BTR had some effect on women's reproductive system. In our research, rat serum contains BTR resolved into culture medium for incubation with miR-23a-induced KGN cells to test and determine our hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS BTR was prepared by the traditional decoction method to collect concentrated liquids for oral administration to rats (15.00 g/kg) for 14 days. The group with miR-23a-induced KGN cells was selected as the positive control, while the mimic one was the control. Pro-apoptosis and anti-apoptosis biomarkers were detected and analyzed by western blot together with upstream transcription factors and intracellular apoptotic signal pathways. RESULTS The medium- and high-concentration of BRT greatly reduced the apoptosis of miR-23a-induced KGN cells both in mitochondria and cytoplasm. It showed the up-regulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3, the down-regulation of pro-apoptosis factor Bax and apoptotic-related proteins Caspase 3, 8, 9, and the reduction of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB. however, there was no consistency in the group with a low concentration of BTR, compared with those of other groups. CONCLUSION Our research verified that BTR had a positive effect on women's reproductive system under medium or high concentration, illuminated the intrinsic mechanism at molecular levels, and convinced its potential application values in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Department of Reproduction, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine in Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, 214044, PR China
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, 214044, PR China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Department of Reproduction, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Reproduction, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, PR China.
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Ahsan H, Malik SI, Shah FA, El-Serehy HA, Ullah A, Shah ZA. Celecoxib Suppresses NF-κB p65 (RelA) and TNFα Expression Signaling in Glioblastoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6683. [PMID: 37892820 PMCID: PMC10607796 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) harbors significant genetic heterogeneity, high infiltrative capacity, and patterns of relapse following many therapies. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB p65 (RelA)) and signaling pathways is constitutively activated in GBM through inflammatory stimulation such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), cell invasion, motility, abnormal physiological stimuli, and inducible chemoresistance. However, the underlying anti-tumor and anti-proliferative mechanisms of NF-κB p65 (RelA) and TNFα are still poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiling of NF-κB p65 (RelA) and TNFα as well as the effectiveness of celecoxib along with temozolomide (TMZ) in reducing the growth of the human GBM cell line SF-767. METHODS genome-wide expression profiling, enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, quantitative expression, and the Microculture Tetrazolium Test (MTT) proliferation assay were performed to appraise the effects of celecoxib and TMZ. RESULTS demonstrated the upregulation of NF-κB p65 (RelA) and TNFα and celecoxib reduced the viability of the human glioblastoma cell line SF-767, cell proliferation, and NF-κB p65 (RelA) and TNFα expression in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings demonstrate for the first time how celecoxib therapy could mitigate the invasive characteristics of the human GBM cell line SF-767 by inhibiting the NF-κB mediated stimulation of the inflammatory cascade. CONCLUSION based on current findings, we propose that celecoxib as a drug candidate in combination with temozolomide might dampen the transcriptional and enzymatic activities associated with the aggressiveness of GBM and reduce the expression of GBM-associated NF-κB p65 (RelA) and TNFα inflammatory genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Ahsan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Islamabad, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Iqbal Malik
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Swat College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swat 19200, Pakistan;
| | - Hamed A. El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amin Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Zafar Abbas Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
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Zhang X, Liu SS, Ma J, Qu W. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in cancer pathophysiology: Mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154633. [PMID: 37356220 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disorder frequently linked to the dysregulation of several biological processes. The SLPI is a multifunctional protein involved in the modulation of immunological response and the inhibition of protease activities. SLPI acts as an inhibitor of proteases, exerts antibacterial properties, and suppresses the transcription of proinflammatory genes through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The role of this protein as a regulatory agent has been implicated in various types of cancer. Recent research has revealed that SLPI upregulation in cancer cells enhances the metastatic capacity of epithelial malignancies, indicating the deleterious effects of this protein. Furthermore, SLPI interacts intricately with other cancer-promoting factors, including matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, the NF-κB and Akt pathways, and the p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). This review provides an overview of the role of SLPI in cancer pathophysiology, emphasizing its expression in cancer cells and tissues, its potential as a prognostic biomarker, and its therapeutic promise as a target in cancer treatment. The mechanisms of SLPI action in cancer, including its anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment, have been investigated. The clinical implications of SLPI in cancer have been discussed, including its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, its role in chemoresistance, and its therapeutic potential in several types of cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), ovarian cancer (OvCa), prostate cancer (PC), gastric cancer (GC), breast cancer, and other cancers. In addition, we emphasized the significance of SLPI in cancer, which offers fresh perspectives on potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Shan Shan Liu
- Department of General Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jingru Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of General Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Talbot DE, Vormezeele BJ, Kimble GC, Wineland DM, Kelpsch DJ, Giedt MS, Tootle TL. Prostaglandins limit nuclear actin to control nucleolar function during oogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1072456. [PMID: 36875757 PMCID: PMC9981675 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1072456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs), locally acting lipid signals, regulate female reproduction, including oocyte development. However, the cellular mechanisms of PG action remain largely unknown. One cellular target of PG signaling is the nucleolus. Indeed, across organisms, loss of PGs results in misshapen nucleoli, and changes in nucleolar morphology are indicative of altered nucleolar function. A key role of the nucleolus is to transcribe ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to drive ribosomal biogenesis. Here we take advantage of the robust, in vivo system of Drosophila oogenesis to define the roles and downstream mechanisms whereby PGs regulate the nucleolus. We find that the altered nucleolar morphology due to PG loss is not due to reduced rRNA transcription. Instead, loss of PGs results in increased rRNA transcription and overall protein translation. PGs modulate these nucleolar functions by tightly regulating nuclear actin, which is enriched in the nucleolus. Specifically, we find that loss of PGs results in both increased nucleolar actin and changes in its form. Increasing nuclear actin, by either genetic loss of PG signaling or overexpression of nuclear targeted actin (NLS-actin), results in a round nucleolar morphology. Further, loss of PGs, overexpression of NLS-actin or loss of Exportin 6, all manipulations that increase nuclear actin levels, results in increased RNAPI-dependent transcription. Together these data reveal PGs carefully balance the level and forms of nuclear actin to control the level of nucleolar activity required for producing fertilization competent oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tina L. Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Trkulja KL, Manji F, Kuruvilla J, Laister RC. Nuclear Export in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Implications for Targeted XPO1 Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:111. [PMID: 36671496 PMCID: PMC9855521 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exportin-1 (XPO1) is a key player in the nuclear export pathway and is overexpressed in almost all cancers. This is especially relevant for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), where high XPO1 expression is associated with poor prognosis due to its oncogenic role in exporting proteins and RNA that are involved in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Here, we discuss the proteins and RNA transcripts that have been identified as XPO1 cargo in NHL lymphoma including tumour suppressors, immune modulators, and transcription factors, and their implications for oncogenesis. We then highlight the research to date on XPO1 inhibitors such as selinexor and other selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs), which are used to treat some cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies investigating the anti-cancer effects of SINEs from bench to bedside, both as a single agent and in combination, are also reported. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current research landscape and future directions to better understand and improve the clinical utility of SINE compounds in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla L. Trkulja
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Farheen Manji
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - John Kuruvilla
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Rob C. Laister
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
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Wei Z, Liu G, Jia R, Zhang W, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Bai X. Inhibition of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) promotes the PUMA-mediated apoptosis and chemosensitivity to cisplatin in colorectal cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:1. [PMID: 36595102 PMCID: PMC9810770 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) has been associated with human cancer growth and its suppression was identified as a potential target for anti-cancer drugs, particularly in colorectal cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which SLPI affected the development of drug resistance in CRC remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of SLPI in the p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA)-mediated CRC cells' apoptosis and their chemosensitivity to Cisplatin. METHODS A series of qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to characterize the expressions of SLPI, PUMA, and Akt in CRC lines. Tunel, transwell, and CCK-8 analyses were monitored to define the impacts of the siRNA-mediated knockdown of SLPI on CRC cell development. Furthermore, in vivo development of CRC was evaluated in nude mice infected with siSLPI or Cisplatin alone or both, and Ki67 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry assay was monitored on multiple tissue microarray from the same cohort. RESULTS Our results showed that SLPI inhibition strongly promoted the expressions of the pro-apoptotic protein PUMA, cleaved-caspase3 and Bax and reduced the cell viability of HT29 and HT116 cell lines in vitro. In addition, siSLPI knockdown effectively suppressed both Akt and FoxO3 proteins and improved the sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy. Xenograft tumor assay revealed a lowered growth in mice treated with Cisplatin, while combined treatment of siSLPI achieved more significant anticancer effects than Cisplatin alone. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrated that suppression of SLPI might repress the growth of human colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested SLPI as a novel resistance factor to Cisplatin, and a combination of Cisplatin and SLPI inhibitor be beneficial for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Wei
- The First Department of Tumor Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiying Liu
- The First Department of Tumor Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufu Jia
- The Brain Science Hospital of CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Department of Tumor Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- The Brain Science Hospital of CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The First Department of Tumor Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- The Brain Science Hospital of CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyong Bai
- The First Department of Tumor Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Thakur B, Saha L, Dahiya D, Bhatia A. Effect of aspirin on the TNF-α-mediated cell survival and death pathways in breast cancer. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:91-102. [PMID: 36378010 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used as an analgesic and in cardiovascular disorders. However, many studies have highlighted its anti-cancer properties, especially in colorectal, lung, head and neck, and breast cancers. In this work, we tried to study the effect of aspirin on the TNF-α-mediated cell survival and death pathways in two cell lines representing two different subtypes of breast cancer. TNF-α-mediated stimulation of a cell can result in its proliferation via the NF-κB pathway or its death via either apoptosis or a programmed form of necrosis called necroptosis. The latter is believed to come into the picture only when apoptosis is inhibited. METHODS In this work, we studied the effect of aspirin on the TNF-α-mediated cell survival pathway and observed a decrease in expression of the NF-κB pathway regulators, its nuclear translocation, and phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of aspirin on the TNF-α-mediated cell death showed significant cytotoxicity at the higher doses (5-20 mM) of aspirin in both the breast cancer cell lines. The effect of aspirin on necroptosis was investigated after stimulating the cells with TNF-α and inhibiting apoptosis using Z-VAD-FMK. RESULTS Though no significant effect was noted in breast cancer cell lines, the above protocol successfully induced necroptosis in L929, i.e., a positive control cell line for necroptosis having an intact necroptosis machinery. Even when combined with the chemotherapeutic drugs, the above regime failed to induce any significant necroptosis in breast cancer cells but was found effective in L929. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings show that while aspirin has the potential to inhibit the TNF-α-mediated cell survival pathway, it does not help sensitize breast cancer cells to necroptotic cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banita Thakur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Nucleolus and Nucleolar Stress: From Cell Fate Decision to Disease Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193017. [PMID: 36230979 PMCID: PMC9563748 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the canonical function in ribosome biogenesis, there have been significant recent advances towards the fascinating roles of the nucleolus in stress response, cell destiny decision and disease progression. Nucleolar stress, an emerging concept describing aberrant nucleolar structure and function as a result of impaired rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis under stress conditions, has been linked to a variety of signaling transductions, including but not limited to Mdm2-p53, NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. Studies have uncovered that nucleolus is a stress sensor and signaling hub when cells encounter various stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, DNA damage and oxidative and thermal stress. Consequently, nucleolar stress plays a pivotal role in the determination of cell fate, such as apoptosis, senescence, autophagy and differentiation, in response to stress-induced damage. Nucleolar homeostasis has been involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, particularly tumorigenesis, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Mechanistic insights have revealed the indispensable role of nucleolus-initiated signaling in the progression of these diseases. Accordingly, the intervention of nucleolar stress may pave the path for developing novel therapies against these diseases. In this review, we systemically summarize recent findings linking the nucleolus to stress responses, signaling transduction and cell-fate decision, set the spotlight on the mechanisms by which nucleolar stress drives disease progression, and highlight the merit of the intervening nucleolus in disease treatment.
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Carrà G, Avalle L, Seclì L, Brancaccio M, Morotti A. Shedding Light on NF-κB Functions in Cellular Organelles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841646. [PMID: 35620053 PMCID: PMC9127296 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is diffusely recognized as a transcriptional factor able to modulate the expression of various genes involved in a broad spectrum of cellular functions, including proliferation, survival and migration. NF-κB is, however, also acting outside the nucleus and beyond its ability to binds to DNA. NF-κB is indeed found to localize inside different cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and nucleoli, where it acts through different partners in mediating various biological functions. Here, we discuss the relationship linking NF-κB to the cellular organelles, and how this crosstalk between cellular organelles and NF-κB signalling may be evaluated for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lidia Avalle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Thoms HC, Stark LA. The NF-κB Nucleolar Stress Response Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091082. [PMID: 34572268 PMCID: PMC8471347 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear organelle, the nucleolus, plays a critical role in stress response and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. P53 as a downstream effector of nucleolar stress is well defined. However, new data suggests that NF-κB also acts downstream of nucleolar stress to regulate cell growth and death. In this review, we will provide insight into the NF-κB nucleolar stress response pathway. We will discuss apoptosis mediated by nucleolar sequestration of RelA and new data demonstrating a role for p62 (sequestosome (SQSTM1)) in this process. We will also discuss activation of NF-κB signalling by degradation of the RNA polymerase I (PolI) complex component, transcription initiation factor-IA (TIF-IA (RRN3)), and contexts where TIF-IA-NF-κB signalling may be important. Finally, we will discuss how this pathway is targeted by aspirin to mediate apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
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PSMB4 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NF-κB signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:693-703. [PMID: 33954843 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis to deteriorate heart function. Thus, how to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the focus of recent researches. Proteasome family member PSMB4 (proteasome subunit beta type-4) promotes cell survival. The relationship between PSMB4 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial I/R is unknown. In this study, PSMB4 expression increased in rat myocardial I/R model, positively correlated with cleaved caspase-3 expression, negatively correlated with Bcl-2 expression. In vitro, neonatal ventricle cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was constructed to mimic myocardial I/R. PSMB4 silence promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and IκBα expression, inhibited the activation of NF-κB. On the contrary, PSMB4 overexpession inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and IκBα expression, promoted the activation of NF-κB. Additionally, PSMB4-IκBα interaction was identified, suggesting that PSMB4 might participate in the proteasome dependent degradation of IκBα. The data indicates that PSMB4 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NF-κB signaling pathway during myocardial I/R, which can supply novel molecular target for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Srivastava S, Shahi UP, Divya A, Gupta S, Singh I, Roy JK. Downregulated Expression of WWOX in Cervical Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 9:273-288. [PMID: 33688485 PMCID: PMC7936073 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Integration of human papilloma virus (HPV) in human genome is a random event, and fragile sites are one of the most susceptible sites for viral integrations. WWOX (WW-domain containing oxidoreductase) gene harbours the second most common fragile site, FRA16D, and can be an important candidate for HPV integration and cervical carcinogenesis. Our aim was to evaluate the potential role of WWOX in cervical carcinogenesis. Presence of HPV and its genotype was detected by PCR in normal cervix tissues and human cervical carcinoma. The expression of WWOX transcript and its protein was examined by RT-PCR, RNA in situ hybridization, and immunoblotting. Southern blotting and sequencing were used to determine the alternative transcripts of WWOX. Statistical analysis were performed by Mann Whitney U-test, Pearson correlation coefficient test at significance level of P value < 0.05. Prevalence of HPV was observed in cervicitis (40%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients (50%), and invasive cervical carcinoma patients (89.6%). Clinicopathological findings suggested a correlation of reduced level of WWOX protein and progression of cervical carcinoma deciphering its role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we observed aberrant WWOX transcript having deleted exon 6-8 region in invasive cervical cancer tissues as well as normal cervix samples. More than 60% of cervical carcinoma samples showed reduced protein level with an increase in wild type transcript level suggesting the involvement of a negative regulator, pAck1 (activated Cdc42- associated kinase) which might ubiquitinate WWOX protein leading to its degradation. Also, nuclear retention of WWOX transcript in invasive cervical carcinoma tissues suggests its regulation at post-transcriptional level. Our findings suggest that WWOX acts as a tumor suppressor in cervical carcinoma and could act as a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Uday Pratap Shahi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arti Divya
- Indian Railways Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Sadhana Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Indu Singh
- Apollo Clinic, Mehmoorganj, Varanasi, India
| | - Jagat Kumar Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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13
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De Biase D, Prisco F, Piegari G, Ilsami A, d'Aquino I, Baldassarre V, Zito Marino F, Franco R, Papparella S, Paciello O. RNAScope in situ Hybridization as a Novel Technique for the Assessment of c-KIT mRNA Expression in Canine Mast Cell Tumor. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:591961. [PMID: 33665215 PMCID: PMC7921150 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.591961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA is considered as an indicator of the dynamic genetic expression changes in a cell. RNAScope is a commercially available in situ hybridization assay for the detection of RNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. In this work, we describe the use of RNAScope as a sensitive and specific method for the evaluation of c-KIT messenger RNA (mRNA) in canine mast cell tumor. We investigated the expression of c-KIT mRNA with RNAscope in 60 canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), comparing it with the histological grade and KIT immunohistochemical expression patterns. Our results showed an overall good expression of c-KIT mRNA in neoplastic cells if compared with control probes. We also observed a statistically significant correlation between histological grade and c-KIT mRNA expression. No correlations were found between KIT protein immunohistochemical distribution pattern and c-KIT mRNA expression or histological grade. Our results provide a reference basis to better understand c-KIT mRNA expression in canine MCTs and strongly encourage further studies that may provide useful information about its potential and significant role as a prognostic and predictive biological marker for canine MCTs clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Ilsami
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria d'Aquino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Baldassarre
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Serenella Papparella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Abeykoon JP, Wu X, Nowakowski KE, Dasari S, Paludo J, Weroha SJ, Hu C, Hou X, Sarkaria JN, Mladek AC, Phillips JL, Feldman AL, Ravindran A, King RL, Boysen J, Stenson MJ, Carr RM, Manske MK, Molina JR, Kapoor P, Parikh SA, Kumar S, Robinson SI, Yu J, Boughey JC, Wang L, Goetz MP, Couch FJ, Patnaik MM, Witzig TE. Salicylates enhance CRM1 inhibitor antitumor activity by induction of S-phase arrest and impairment of DNA-damage repair. Blood 2021; 137:513-523. [PMID: 33507295 PMCID: PMC7845010 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance protein 1 (CRM1) mediates protein export from the nucleus and is a new target for anticancer therapeutics. Broader application of KPT-330 (selinexor), a first-in-class CRM1 inhibitor recently approved for relapsed multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, have been limited by substantial toxicity. We discovered that salicylates markedly enhance the antitumor activity of CRM1 inhibitors by extending the mechanisms of action beyond CRM1 inhibition. Using salicylates in combination enables targeting of a range of blood cancers with a much lower dose of selinexor, thereby potentially mitigating prohibitive clinical adverse effects. Choline salicylate (CS) with low-dose KPT-330 (K+CS) had potent, broad activity across high-risk hematological malignancies and solid-organ cancers ex vivo and in vivo. The K+CS combination was not toxic to nonmalignant cells as compared with malignant cells and was safe without inducing toxicity to normal organs in mice. Mechanistically, compared with KPT-330 alone, K+CS suppresses the expression of CRM1, Rad51, and thymidylate synthase proteins, leading to more efficient inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export, impairment of DNA-damage repair, reduced pyrimidine synthesis, cell-cycle arrest in S-phase, and cell apoptosis. Moreover, the addition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors further potentiates the K+CS antitumor effect. K+CS represents a new class of therapy for multiple types of blood cancers and will stimulate future investigations to exploit DNA-damage repair and nucleocytoplasmic transport for cancer therapy in general.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Choline/administration & dosage
- Choline/adverse effects
- Choline/analogs & derivatives
- Choline/pharmacology
- DNA Repair/drug effects
- DNA Replication/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydrazines/administration & dosage
- Hydrazines/adverse effects
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Phthalazines/administration & dosage
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Salicylates/administration & dosage
- Salicylates/adverse effects
- Salicylates/pharmacology
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
- Triazoles/adverse effects
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Jonas Paludo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aishwarya Ravindran
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Rebecca L King
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Justin Boysen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
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15
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Lobb IT, Morin P, Martin K, Thoms HC, Wills JC, Lleshi X, Olsen KCF, Duncan RR, Stark LA. A Role for the Autophagic Receptor, SQSTM1/p62, in Trafficking NF-κB/RelA to Nucleolar Aggresomes. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:274-287. [PMID: 33097627 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated NF-κB activity is a contributory factor in many hematologic and solid malignancies. Nucleolar sequestration of NF-κB/RelA represses this elevated activity and mediates apoptosis of cancer cells. Here, we set out to understand the mechanisms that control the nuclear/nucleolar distribution of RelA and other regulatory proteins, so that agents can be developed that specifically target these proteins to the organelle. We demonstrate that RelA accumulates in intranucleolar aggresomes in response to specific stresses. We also demonstrate that the autophagy receptor, SQSTM1/p62, accumulates alongside RelA in these nucleolar aggresomes. This accumulation is not a consequence of inhibited autophagy. Indeed, our data suggest nucleolar and autophagosomal accumulation of p62 are in active competition. We identify a conserved motif at the N-terminus of p62 that is essential for nucleoplasmic-to-nucleolar transport of the protein. Furthermore, using a dominant-negative mutant deleted for this nucleolar localization signal (NoLS), we demonstrate a role for p62 in trafficking RelA and other aggresome-related proteins to nucleoli, to induce apoptosis. Together, these data identify a novel role for p62 in trafficking nuclear proteins to nucleolar aggresomes under conditions of cell stress, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis. They also provide invaluable information on the mechanisms that regulate the nuclear/nucleolar distribution of RelA that could be exploited for therapeutic purpose. IMPLICATIONS: The data open up avenues for the development of a unique class of therapeutic agents that act by targeting RelA and other aberrantly active proteins to nucleoli, thus killing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Lobb
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Pierre Morin
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kirsty Martin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Hazel C Thoms
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Xhordi Lleshi
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Karl C F Olsen
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Rory R Duncan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Lesley A Stark
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
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16
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XPO1E571K Mutation Modifies Exportin 1 Localisation and Interactome in B-cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102829. [PMID: 33007990 PMCID: PMC7600770 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Almost 25% of patients with either primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) or classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) possess a recurrent mutation of the XPO1 gene encoding the major nuclear export protein. The aim of our study was to assess the molecular function of the mutant XPO1 protein. Using several cell models (including CRISPR–Cas9 edited cells) and high throughput techniques, we determined that the export capacity of the mutant XPO1 was not altered. However, mutant XPO1 accumulated in the cytoplasm due to its binding to importin β1 (or IPO1). The targeting of XPO1 is largely efficient for fighting haemopathies. The inhibition of IPO1 could open new therapeutic perspectives for B-cell lymphomas. Abstract The XPO1 gene encodes exportin 1 (XPO1) that controls the nuclear export of cargo proteins and RNAs. Almost 25% of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cases harboured a recurrent XPO1 point mutation (NM_003400, chr2:g61718472C>T) resulting in the E571K substitution within the hydrophobic groove of the protein, the site of cargo binding. We investigated the impact of the XPO1E571K mutation using PMBL/cHL cells having various XPO1 statuses and CRISPR–Cas9-edited cells in which the E571K mutation was either introduced or knocked-out. We first confirmed that the mutation was present in both XPO1 mRNA and protein. We observed that the mutation did not modify the export capacity but rather the subcellular localisation of XPO1 itself. In particular, mutant XPO1 bound to importin β1 modified the nuclear export/import dynamics of relevant cargoes.
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17
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Liu X, Yang Q, Nakamura Y. Inhibition of Drug Resistance Mechanisms Improves the Benzyl Isothiocyanate–Induced Anti-Proliferation in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Yolk sac-derived Pdcd11-positive cells modulate zebrafish microglia differentiation through the NF-κB-Tgfβ1 pathway. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:170-183. [PMID: 32709934 PMCID: PMC7853042 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system, which plays a vital role in neuron development and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial precursors in peripheral hematopoietic tissues colonize the central nervous system during early embryogenesis. However, how intrinsic and extrinsic signals integrate to regulate microglia’s differentiation remains undefined. In this study, we identified the cerebral white matter hyperintensities susceptibility gene, programmed cell death protein 11 (PDCD11), as an essential factor regulating microglia differentiation. In zebrafish, pdcd11 deficiency prevents the differentiation of the precursors to mature brain microglia. Although, the inflammatory featured macrophage brain colonization is augmented. At 22 h post fertilization, the Pdcd11-positive cells on the yolk sac are distinct from macrophages and neutrophils. Mechanistically, PDCD11 exerts its physiological role by differentially regulating the functions of nuclear factor-kappa B family members, P65 and c-Rel, suppressing P65-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tnfα, and enhancing the c-Rel-dependent appearance of tgfβ1. The present study provides novel insights in understanding microglia differentiation during zebrafish development.
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19
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Chen J, Stark LA. Insights into the Relationship between Nucleolar Stress and the NF-κB Pathway. Trends Genet 2019; 35:768-780. [PMID: 31434627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear organelle the nucleolus and the transcription factor nuclear factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) are both central to the control of cellular homeostasis, dysregulated in common diseases and implicated in the ageing process. Until recently, it was believed that they acted independently to regulate homeostasis in health and disease. However, there is an emerging body of evidence suggesting that nucleoli and NF-κB signalling converge at multiple levels. Here we will review current understanding of this crosstalk. We will discuss activation of the NF-κB pathway by nucleolar stress and induction of apoptosis by nucleolar sequestration of NF-κB/RelA. We will also discuss the role of TIF-IA, COMMD1, and nucleophosmin, which are key players in this crosstalk, and the therapeutic relevance, particularly with respect to the antitumour effects of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lesley A Stark
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK.
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20
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Chen J, Lobb IT, Morin P, Novo SM, Simpson J, Kennerknecht K, von Kriegsheim A, Batchelor EE, Oakley F, Stark LA. Identification of a novel TIF-IA-NF-κB nucleolar stress response pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6188-6205. [PMID: 29873780 PMCID: PMC6158704 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 as an effector of nucleolar stress is well defined, but p53 independent mechanisms are largely unknown. Like p53, the NF-κB transcription factor plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress. Many stresses that stimulate NF-κB also disrupt nucleoli. However, the link between nucleolar function and activation of the NF-κB pathway is as yet unknown. Here we demonstrate that artificial disruption of the PolI complex stimulates NF-κB signalling. Unlike p53 nucleolar stress response, this effect does not appear to be linked to inhibition of rDNA transcription. We show that specific stress stimuli of NF-κB induce degradation of a critical component of the PolI complex, TIF-IA. This degradation precedes activation of NF-κB and is associated with increased nucleolar size. It is mimicked by CDK4 inhibition and is dependent upon a novel pathway involving UBF/p14ARF and S44 of the protein. We show that blocking TIF-IA degradation blocks stress effects on nucleolar size and NF-κB signalling. Finally, using ex vivo culture, we show a strong correlation between degradation of TIF-IA and activation of NF-κB in freshly resected, human colorectal tumours exposed to the chemopreventative agent, aspirin. Together, our study provides compelling evidence for a new, TIF-IA-NF-κB nucleolar stress response pathway that has in vivo relevance and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian T Lobb
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pierre Morin
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sonia M Novo
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James Simpson
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kathrin Kennerknecht
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emily E Batchelor
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lesley A Stark
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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21
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Michel J, Nolin F, Wortham L, Lalun N, Tchelidze P, Banchet V, Terryn C, Ploton D. Various Nucleolar Stress Inducers Result in Highly Distinct Changes in Water, Dry Mass and Elemental Content in Cancerous Cell Compartments: Investigation Using a Nano-Analytical Approach. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:179-195. [PMID: 31183313 PMCID: PMC6536780 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.31878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Numerous chemotherapeutic drugs that affect ribosome biogenesis in the nucleolus induce nucleolar stress. Improving our understanding of the effects of these drugs will require uncovering and comparing their impact on several biophysical parameters of the major cell compartments. Here, we quantified the water content and dry mass of cancerous cells treated with CX-5461, DRB or DAM to calculate macromolecular crowding and the volume occupied by free water, as well as elemental content. Methods: HeLa-H2B-GFP cells were treated with CX-5461, DRB or DAM. Water content and dry mass were measured in numerous regions of interest of ultrathin cryo-sections by quantitative scanning transmission electron microscope dark-field imaging and the elements quantified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The data were used to calculate macromolecular crowding and the volume occupied by free water in all cell compartments of control and treated cells. Hydrophobic and unfolded proteins were revealed by 8-Anilinonaphtalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) staining and imaging by two-photon microscopy. Immunolabeling of UBF, pNBS1 and pNF-κB was carried out and the images acquired with a confocal microscope for 3D imaging to address whether the localization of these proteins changes in treated cells. Results: Treatment with CX-5461, DRB or DAM induced completely different changes in macromolecular crowding and elemental content. Macromolecular crowding and elemental content were much higher in CX-5461-treated, moderately higher in DRB-treated, and much lower in DAM-treated cells than control cells. None of the drugs alone induced nucleolar ANS staining but it was induced by heat-shock of control cells and cells previously treated with DAM. UBF and pNBS1 were systematically co-localized in the nucleolus of CX-5461- and DAM-treated cells. pNF-κB only localized to the nucleolar caps of pre-apoptotic DAM-treated cells. Conclusion: We directly quantified water and ion content in cell compartments using cryo-correlative electron microscopy. We show that different chemotherapeutic nucleolar stress inducers result in distinctive, thus far-unrecognized changes in macromolecular crowding and elemental content which are known to modify cell metabolism. Moreover we were able to correlate these changes to the sensitivity of treated cells to heat-shock and the behavior of nucleolar pNBS1 and pNF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Michel
- UMR-S 1250 INSERM, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
| | | | - Laurence Wortham
- Platform of Cell and Tissue Imaging (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
| | - Nathalie Lalun
- UMR-S 1250 INSERM, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
| | - Pavel Tchelidze
- Faculty of Exact and Life Sciences, Department of Morphology, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Christine Terryn
- Platform of Cell and Tissue Imaging (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
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22
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Zhang X, Feng Y, Liu X, Ma J, Li Y, Wang T, Li X. Beyond a chemopreventive reagent, aspirin is a master regulator of the hallmarks of cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1387-1403. [PMID: 31037399 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aspirin, one of the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NAIDS), not only shows cancer chemoprevention effects but also improves cancer therapeutic effects when combined with other therapies. Studies that focus on aspirin regulation of the hallmarks of cancer and the associated molecular mechanisms facilitate a more thorough understanding of aspirin in mediating chemoprevention and may supply additional information for the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents. METHODS The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed in this article. RESULTS Current studies have revealed that aspirin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Within tumor tissue, aspirin suppresses the bioactivities of cancer cells themselves and deteriorates the tumor microenvironment that supports cancer progression. In addition to tumor tissues, blocking of platelet activation also contributes to the ability of aspirin to inhibit cancer progression. In terms of the molecular mechanism, aspirin targets oncogenes and cancer-related signaling pathways and activates certain tumor suppressors. CONCLUSION Beyond a chemopreventive agent, aspirin is a master regulator of the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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23
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Wang X, Ma H, Wang X. Nucleophosmin/B23 contributes to hepatic insulin resistance through the modulation of NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:214-220. [PMID: 30799086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23 is an important nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of assorted cellular signaling pathways. In the present study, we revealed a critical role of NPM in liver insulin resistance. NPM is markedly upregulated in insulin-resistant liver tissues and palmitic acid (PA)-exposed HepG2 cells both at mRNA and protein levels. Ectopic expression of NPM in hepatocytes aggravated PA-induced insulin resistance, lipid droplet accumulation, glucose intake impairment as well as the expression of gluconeogenic genes. Coinciding with these results, interference of NPM using small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligos ameliorated PA-induced insulin resistance, as revealed by increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β following insulin treatment. As predicted, PA-triggered alterations in glucose intake and the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes were attenuated following NPM depletion. Finally, we showed that NPM plays an indispensible role in PA-induced activation of NF-κB pathway. Both of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation were impeded by NPM interference in PA-treated HepG2 cells. Taken together, these findings explicitly demonstrate that NPM participates in the development of liver insulin resistance, suggesting that NPM may serve as a potential therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
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24
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Wang M, Bokros M, Theodoridis PR, Lee S. Nucleolar Sequestration: Remodeling Nucleoli Into Amyloid Bodies. Front Genet 2019; 10:1179. [PMID: 31824572 PMCID: PMC6881480 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery that the nucleolus can temporarily immobilize proteins, a process known as nucleolar sequestration. This review reflects on the progress made to understand the physiological roles of nucleolar sequestration and the mechanisms involved in the immobilization of proteins. We discuss how protein immobilization can occur through a highly choreographed amyloidogenic program that converts the nucleolus into a large fibrous organelle with amyloid-like characteristics called the amyloid body (A-body). We propose a working model of A-body biogenesis that includes a role for low-complexity ribosomal intergenic spacer RNA (rIGSRNA) and a discrete peptide sequence, the amyloid-converting motif (ACM), found in many proteins that undergo immobilization. Amyloid bodies provide a unique model to study the multistep assembly of a membraneless compartment and may provide alternative insights into the pathological amyloidogenesis involved in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michael Bokros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Phaedra Rebecca Theodoridis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen Lee,
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Fulka H, Langerova A. Nucleoli in embryos: a central structural platform for embryonic chromatin remodeling? Chromosome Res 2018; 27:129-140. [PMID: 30406864 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-018-9590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoli are the site of ribosomal RNA production and subunit assembly. In contrast to active nucleoli in somatic cells, where three basic sub-compartments can be observed, mammalian oocytes and early embryos contain atypical nucleoli termed "nucleolus-like bodies" or "nucleolus precursor bodies", respectively. Unlike their somatic counterparts, these structures are composed of dense homogenous fibrillar material and exhibit no polymerase activity. Irrespective of these unusual properties, they have been shown to be absolutely essential for embryonic development, as their microsurgical removal results in developmental arrest. Historically, nucleolus-like and nucleolus precursor bodies have been perceived as passive storage sites of nucleolar material, which is gradually utilized by embryos to construct fully functional nucleoli once they have activated their genome and have started to produce ribosomes. For decades, researchers have been trying to elucidate the composition of these organelles and provide the evidence for their repository role. However, only recently has it become clear that the function of these atypical nucleoli is altogether different, and rather than being involved in ribosome biogenesis, they participate in parental chromatin remodeling, and strikingly, the artificial introduction of a single NPB component is sufficient to rescue the developmental arrest elicited by the NPB removal. In this review, we will describe and summarize the experiments that led to the change in our understanding of these unique structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fulka
- Institute of Animal Science, v.v.i., 104 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Molecular Genetics ASCR, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Experimental Medicine ASCR, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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26
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Crosstalk between NF-κB and Nucleoli in the Regulation of Cellular Homeostasis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100157. [PMID: 30301139 PMCID: PMC6210184 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoli are emerging as key sensors of cellular stress and regulators of the downstream consequences on proliferation, metabolism, senescence, and apoptosis. NF-κB signalling is activated in response to a similar plethora of stresses, which leads to modulation of cell growth and death programs. While nucleolar and NF-κB pathways are distinct, it is increasingly apparent that they converge at multiple levels. Exposure of cells to certain insults causes a specific type of nucleolar stress that is characterised by degradation of the PolI complex component, TIF-IA, and increased nucleolar size. Recent studies have shown that this atypical nucleolar stress lies upstream of cytosolic IκB degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Under these stress conditions, the RelA component of NF-κB accumulates within functionally altered nucleoli to trigger a nucleophosmin dependent, apoptotic pathway. In this review, we will discuss these points of crosstalk and their relevance to anti-tumour mechanism of aspirin and small molecule CDK4 inhibitors. We will also briefly the discuss how crosstalk between nucleoli and NF-κB signalling may be more broadly relevant to the regulation of cellular homeostasis and how it may be exploited for therapeutic purpose.
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27
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Cheon SY, Kim JM, Kim EJ, Kim SY, Kam EH, Ho CC, Lee SK, Koo BN. Intranuclear delivery of synthetic nuclear factor-kappa B p65 reduces inflammasomes after surgery. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:141-152. [PMID: 30096289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing surgery can suffer from various complications, including post-operative bleeding, local or systematic infection, and neurologic disorders. Major surgery can initiate innate immune responses and trigger overproduction of inflammatory mediators, which can contribute to organ dysfunction. Inflammasomes are innate immune complexes, which are connected to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including atherosclerosis, hemorrhagic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we hypothesized that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing-like receptor protein (NLRP) inflammasomes may have a role in the pathological effects of surgery. Therefore, we designed a protein inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 transcripts, called nt-p65-TMD (nuclear transducible (nt) transcription modulated domain (TMD) of RelA (p65)), that can penetrate the nucleus, and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy for dampening surgery-induced inflammasome activation. It was found that the nt-p65-TMD significantly reduced the NLRP1 inflammasome complex components (NLRP1, ASC, and Caspase-1) and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 productions in the spleen after surgery. In the spleen, specific cell population and selective mediators were altered after surgery with/without nt-p65-TMD treatment. Also, we found that treatment of nt-p65-TMD decreased cell death in the spleen after surgery. Therefore, nt-p65-TMD is a potential novel strategy for reducing surgery-induced NLRP1 inflammasome and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Cheon
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kim
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kam
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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28
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NF-κB pathways in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2018; 197:43-56. [PMID: 29550444 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been widely implicated in the development and progression of cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), NF-κB has a key role in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of NF-κB in CRC is complex, owed to the cross talk with other signaling pathways. Although there is sufficient evidence gained from cell lines and animal models that NF-κB is involved in cancer-related processes, because of a lack of studies in human tissue, the clinical evidence of its importance is limited in patients with CRC. This review summarizes evidence relating to how NF-κB is involved in the development and progression of CRC and comments on future work to be carried out.
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Huang XF, Li JJ, Tao YG, Wang XQ, Zhang RL, Zhang JL, Su ZQ, Huang QH, Deng YH. Geniposide attenuates Aβ25–35-induced neurotoxicity via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in HT22 cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18926-18937. [PMID: 35539637 PMCID: PMC9080630 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation which promote the development of AD. Geniposide, the main ingredient isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has a variety of pharmacological functions such as anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory activity. Hence, we estimated the inflammatory cytotoxicity caused by Aβ25–35 and the neuroprotective effects of geniposide in HT22 cells. In this research, following incubation with Aβ25–35 (40 μM, 24 h) in HT22 cells, the methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed that the cell survival rate was significantly decreased. In contrast, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay indicated that Aβ25–35 enhanced ROS accumulation and apoptosis showed in both hoechst 33342 staining and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. And then, immunofluorescence test revealed that Aβ25–35 promoted p65 to transfer into the nucleus indicating p65 was activated by Aβ25–35. Moreover, western blot analysis proved that Aβ25–35 increased the expression of nitric oxide species (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Simultaneously, Aβ25–35 also promoted the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p-p65 and p-IκB-α accompanied with the increase in the level of beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and caspase-3 which further supported Aβ25–35 induced apoptosis and inflammation. Fortunately, this up-regulation was reversed by geniposide. In conclusion, our data suggest that geniposide can alleviate Aβ25–35-induced inflammatory response to protect neurons, which is possibly involved with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in HT22 cells. Geniposide may be the latent treatment for AD induced by neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation which promote the development of AD.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yan-Gu Tao
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xie-Qi Wang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Dermatology Hospital of Guangdong Province
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ru-Lan Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Dermatology Hospital of Guangdong Province
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zu-Qing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qi-Hui Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yuan-Hui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- China
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30
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Ex vivo treatment of patient biopsies as a novel method to assess colorectal tumour response to the MEK1/2 inhibitor, Selumetinib. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12020. [PMID: 28931905 PMCID: PMC5607258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an array of new therapeutics has emerged for the treatment of colorectal cancer, their use is significantly impacted by variability in patient response. Better pre-clinical models could substantially improve efficacy as it may allow stratification of patients into the correct treatment regime. Here we explore acute, ex vivo treatment of fresh, surgically resected human colorectal tumour biopsies as a novel pre-clinical model for identifying patient response to specific therapeutics. The MEK1/2 inhibitor, Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) was used as a tool compound. Firstly, we established an acute treatment protocol and demonstrated this protocol could differentiate phenotypic and pharmacodynamic responses to Selumetinib (0–3uM). We then used the protocol to evaluate Selumetinib response in tumours from 23 colon cancer patients. These studies revealed that the agent inhibited pERK1/2 phosphorylation in all tumours, caused a significant decrease in proliferation in 5/23 (22%) tumours, and that KRAS/BRAF mutant tumours were particularly sensitive to the anti-proliferative effects of the agent. These data are consistent with data from clinical trials of Selumetinib, suggesting that acute treatment of small tumour biopsies is worthy of further exploration as a pre-clinical model to evaluate colorectal cancer response to novel therapies.
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31
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Chen J, Stark LA. Aspirin Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Focus on NF-κB Signalling and the Nucleolus. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5030043. [PMID: 28718829 PMCID: PMC5618301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that aspirin and related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have anti-tumour activity and the potential to prevent cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain hypothetical. Dysregulation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factor is a common event in many cancer types which contributes to tumour initiation and progression by driving expression of pro-proliferative/anti-apoptotic genes. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding NSAID effects on the NF-κB signalling pathway in pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions, and the evidence that these effects contribute to the anti-tumour activity of the agents. The nuclear organelle, the nucleolus, is emerging as a central regulator of transcription factor activity and cell growth and death. Nucleolar function is dysregulated in the majority of cancers which promotes cancer growth through direct and indirect mechanisms. Hence, this organelle is emerging as a promising target for novel therapeutic agents. Here, we will also discuss evidence for crosstalk between the NF-κB pathway and nucleoli, the role that this cross-talk has in the anti-tumour effects of NSAIDs and ways forward to exploit this crosstalk for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Lesley A Stark
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK.
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32
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Gu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Gao L, Yu W, Dong WF. Opposite Effects of SET7/9 on Apoptosis of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2017; 8:2069-2078. [PMID: 28819408 PMCID: PMC5559969 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SET7/9 is a protein lysine methyltransferases (PLMTs or PKMTs) which methylates both histone H3K4 and non-histone proteins including transcriptional factors, tumor suppressors, and membrane-associated receptors. Methylation of these proteins alters protein activity and leads to changes in cellular behavior and a series of biological processes. This study aims to investigate the role of SET7/9 in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined the expression of SET7/9 in AML cells and NSCLC cells and detected the methylation status of the SET7/9 promoter region. To evaluate the effect of SET7/9 expression changes on cell apoptosis, cell apoptosis rates were determined after SET7/9 overexpression or down-regulation. Our results showed that SET7/9 induces apoptosis of AML cells and inhibits apoptosis of NSCLC cells, suggesting differential effects of SET7/9 on cellular apoptosis and carcinogenesis depending on different cancer types and genetic contexts. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that SET7/9 suppresses cell apoptosis via modulation of E2F1 under circumstance of p53 deficiency in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009
| | - Xinling Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009
| | - Wei-Feng Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Liu YC, Gao XX, Chen L, You XQ. Rapamycin suppresses Aβ 25-35- or LPS-induced neuronal inflammation via modulation of NF-κB signaling. Neuroscience 2017; 355:188-199. [PMID: 28504198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin (RAPA), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), exhibits a high neuroprotective action against neurodegenerative diseases in mouse models. Since neuroinflammation has been shown to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and progression, the aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory role of RAPA in AD in vivo and in vitro, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. We found that amyloid-β (Aβ) induced neuronal inflammation and a remarkable increase in mTOR activity in in-vivo and in-vitro models of inflammation, suggesting the critical role of mTOR signaling in neuronal inflammation. In addition, administration of RAPA was found to down-regulate mTOR, p-mTOR, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, p-p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and Bax protein expression in Aβ25-35- or lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated mice and cultured Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. Moreover, RAPA disrupted Aβ25-35-induced nuclear translocation of mTOR and NF-κB. Our findings indicate that RAPA inhibits Aβ25-35- or LPS-induced neuronal inflammation through suppressing mTOR signaling and reducing nuclear import of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Qing You
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China.
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Zhang S, Qin F, Yang L, Xian J, Zou Q, Jin H, Wang L, Zhang L. Nucleophosmin Mutations Induce Chemosensitivity in THP-1 Leukemia Cells by Suppressing NF-κB Activity and Regulating Bax/Bcl-2 Expression. J Cancer 2016; 7:2270-2279. [PMID: 27994664 PMCID: PMC5166537 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) - a gene that encodes for a nuclear protein with multiple functions. Mutations in NPM1 are seen in approximately one-third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are generally associated with good response to induction chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this chemosensitivity are still unknown. Recent studies have established that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation is a key response of leukemia cell to chemotherapy. In this study, we transfected human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells with the vector expressing NPM1 mutation variant (NPM1mA), and confirmed overexpression of NPM1mA at mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The effects of NPM1 mutations on chemotherapeutical agents induced apoptosis, NF-κB activity and gene expression were examined using flow cytometry, luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. We found that overexpression of NPM1mA in THP-1 cells sensitized these cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutical agents such as daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (Ara-C). Moreover, we demonstrated that expression of NPM1 mA reduced the NF-κB transcription activity of THP-1 cells upon drug treatment. In addition, restoration of NF-κB activity via TNF-α stimulation could attenuate the effect of NPM1mA overexpression on DNR-and Ara-C-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, expression of NPM1mA could upregulate Bax and downregulate Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 cells when treated with DNR or Ara-C. We also demonstrated that restoration of NF-κB activity via TNF-α pre-treatment reversed the effect of NPM1mA on the Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, evaluation of gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset revealed that NPM1-mutated patients showed a higher expression of Bax and a lower expression of Bcl-2. These results suggest that the NPM1 gene mutations could confer increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, at least in part, by suppressing NF-κB activity and regulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxian Qin
- Department of clinical laboratory, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingrong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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35
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Dadsetan S, Balzano T, Forteza J, Cabrera-Pastor A, Taoro-Gonzalez L, Hernandez-Rabaza V, Gil-Perotín S, Cubas-Núñez L, García-Verdugo JM, Agusti A, Llansola M, Felipo V. Reducing Peripheral Inflammation with Infliximab Reduces Neuroinflammation and Improves Cognition in Rats with Hepatic Encephalopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:106. [PMID: 27853420 PMCID: PMC5089983 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to cognitive impairment in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the process by which peripheral inflammation results in cognitive impairment remains unclear. In animal models, neuroinflammation and altered neurotransmission mediate cognitive impairment. Taking into account these data, we hypothesized that in rats with HE: (1) peripheral inflammation is a main contributor to neuroinflammation; (2) neuroinflammation in hippocampus impairs spatial learning by altering AMPA and/or NMDA receptors membrane expression; (3) reducing peripheral inflammation with infliximab (anti-TNF-a) would improve spatial learning; (4) this would be associated with reduced neuroinflammation and normalization of the membrane expression of glutamate receptors. The aims of this work were to assess these hypotheses. We analyzed in rats with portacaval shunt (PCS) and control rats, treated or not with infliximab: (a) peripheral inflammation by measuring prostaglandin E2, IL10, IL-17, and IL-6; (b) neuroinflammation in hippocampus by analyzing microglial activation and the content of TNF-a and IL-1b; (c) AMPA and NMDA receptors membrane expression in hippocampus; and (d) spatial learning in the Radial and Morris water mazes. We assessed the effects of treatment with infliximab on peripheral inflammation, on neuroinflammation and AMPA and NMDA receptors membrane expression in hippocampus and on spatial learning and memory. PCS rats show increased serum prostaglandin E2, IL-17, and IL-6 and reduced IL-10 levels, indicating increased peripheral inflammation. PCS rats also show microglial activation and increased nuclear NF-kB and expression of TNF-a and IL-1b in hippocampus. This was associated with altered AMPA and NMDA receptors membrane expression in hippocampus and impaired spatial learning and memory in the radial and Morris water maze. Treatment with infliximab reduces peripheral inflammation in PCS rats, normalizing prostaglandin E2, IL-17, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in serum. Infliximab also prevents neuroinflammation, reduces microglial activation, translocates NF-kB into nucleoli and normalizes TNF-a and IL-1b content in hippocampus. This was associated with normalization of AMPA receptors membrane expression in hippocampus and of spatial learning and memory. The results suggest that peripheral inflammation contributes to spatial learning impairment in PCS rats. Treatment with anti-TNF-a could be a new therapeutic approach to improve cognitive function in patients with HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Dadsetan
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia, Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Unidad Mixta de Patología Molecular, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Universidad Católica de Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lucas Taoro-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sara Gil-Perotín
- Unidad Mixta Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, Servicio de Neurología, Fundación Investigación Hospital la Fe Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Cubas-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia-Universidad de Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia-Universidad de Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Agusti
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia, Spain
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Yang L, Song T, Chen L, Soliman H, Chen J. Nucleolar repression facilitates initiation and maintenance of senescence. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3613-23. [PMID: 26505814 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells with defective apoptosis pathways often respond to chemotherapy by entering irreversible cell cycle arrest with features of senescence. However, rare cells can bypass entry to senescence, or re-enter cell cycle from a senescent state. Deficiency in senescence induction and maintenance may contribute to treatment resistance and early relapse after therapy. Senescence involves epigenetic silencing of cell cycle genes and reduced rRNA transcription. We found that senescence-inducing treatments such as DNA damage and RNA polymerase I inhibition stimulate the binding between the nucleolar protein NML (nucleomethylin) and SirT1. The NML complex promotes rDNA heterochromatin formation and represses rRNA transcription. Depletion of NML reduced the levels of H3K9Me3 and H3K27Me3 heterochromatin markers on rDNA and E2F1 target promoters in senescent cells, increased rRNA transcription, and increased the frequency of cell cycle re-entry. Depletion of the nucleolar transcription repressor factor TIP5 also promoted escape from senescence. Furthermore, tumor tissue staining showed that breast tumors without detectable nucleolar NML expression had poor survival. The results suggest that efficient regulation of nucleolar rDNA transcription facilitates the maintenance of irreversible cell cycle arrest in senescent cells. Deficiency in nucleolar transcription repression may accelerate tumor relapse after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixiang Yang
- a Molecular Oncology Department ; Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa , FL USA
| | - Tanjing Song
- a Molecular Oncology Department ; Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa , FL USA
| | - Lihong Chen
- a Molecular Oncology Department ; Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa , FL USA
| | - Hatem Soliman
- b Women's Oncology ; Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa , FL USA
| | - Jiandong Chen
- a Molecular Oncology Department ; Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa , FL USA
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The Ubiquitination of NF-κB Subunits in the Control of Transcription. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020023. [PMID: 27187478 PMCID: PMC4931672 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB has evolved as a latent, inducible family of transcription factors fundamental in the control of the inflammatory response. The transcription of hundreds of genes involved in inflammation and immune homeostasis require NF-κB, necessitating the need for its strict control. The inducible ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the cytoplasmic inhibitor of κB (IκB) proteins promotes the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. More recently, an additional role for ubiquitination in the regulation of NF-κB activity has been identified. In this case, the ubiquitination and degradation of the NF-κB subunits themselves plays a critical role in the termination of NF-κB activity and the associated transcriptional response. While there is still much to discover, a number of NF-κB ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases have now been identified which coordinate to regulate the NF-κB transcriptional response. This review will focus the regulation of NF-κB subunits by ubiquitination, the key regulatory components and their impact on NF-κB directed transcription.
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Lee DH, Forscher C, Di Vizio D, Koeffler HP. Induction of p53-independent apoptosis by ectopic expression of HOXA5 in human liposarcomas. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26219418 PMCID: PMC4518222 DOI: 10.1038/srep12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a highly malignant subtype of human liposarcoma (LPS), whose genomic profile is characterized by chromosomal amplification at 12q13-q22. miR-26a-2 is one of the most frequently amplified genes in the region, and inhibition of its downstream target genes likely contributes to LPS tumorigenesis. Our previous study of LPS predicted homeobox protein A5 (HOXA5) as a target of miR-26a-2, and here we explored further the function of HOXA5, and its relationship with miR-26a-2 in DDLPS cells. Compared to normal human adipocytes, all LPS cell lines showed significant downregulation of HOXA5 (p = 0.046), and inhibition of miR-26a-2 using anti-miR-26a-2 substantially upregulated HOXA5 expression in these LPS cells. Interestingly, overexpression of HOXA5 alone induced very strong apoptotic response of LPS cells. HOXA5-induced apoptosis was p53-independent and caspase-dependent. Surprisingly, overexpression of HOXA5 induced nuclear translocation of RELA (p65), which was not associated with the transcriptional activity of RELA. Rather, nucleolar sequestration of RELA was observed. Overall, our study demonstrated for the first time that the downregulation of HOXA5 in LPS cells, partly by overexpression of miR-26a-2 in DDLPS, confers LPS cells resistance to apoptotic death. Further studies are required to understand the relationship of HOXA5 and the NFκB pathway in LPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhong Hyun Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Surgery,Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Forscher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Surgery,Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- 1] Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] The Urological Diseases Research Center; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Surgery,Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] National Cancer Institute and Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Chujo T, Yamazaki T, Hirose T. Architectural RNAs (arcRNAs): A class of long noncoding RNAs that function as the scaffold of nuclear bodies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1859:139-46. [PMID: 26021608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian transcriptome analyses elucidated the presence of thousands of unannotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with distinct transcriptional units. Molecular characterization and functional classification of these lncRNAs are important challenges in the next decade. A subset of these lncRNAs is the core of nuclear bodies, which are the sites of the biogenesis, maturation, storage, and sequestration of specific RNAs, proteins, and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Here, we define a class of lncRNAs termed architectural RNAs (arcRNAs) that function as the essential scaffold or platform of nuclear bodies. Presently, five lncRNAs from mammals, insects, and yeast are classified as arcRNAs. These arcRNAs are temporarily upregulated upon specific cellular stresses, in developmental stages, or in various disease conditions, and sequestrate specific regulatory proteins, thereby changing gene expression patterns. In this review, we introduce common aspects of these arcRNAs and discuss why RNA is used as the architectural component of nuclear bodies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy1, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chujo
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7-chome, Kita 15-jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7-chome, Kita 15-jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7-chome, Kita 15-jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan.
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Clark R, Lee J, Lee SH. Synergistic anticancer activity of capsaicin and 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4297-4304. [PMID: 25876645 DOI: 10.1021/jf506098s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A promising area of cancer research is focused on chemoprevention by nutritional compounds. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong negative correlation between fruit, vegetable, and spice intake and rates of cancer. Although individual active compounds have demonstrated significant anticancer activity, an emerging area of research is focusing on the combination of multiple dietary compounds that act synergistically on cancer to exert greater effects. The current study evaluated the potential synergistic effects of capsaicin, an active compound from red chili peppers, in combination with 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), from cruciferous vegetables. A synergistic induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in human colorectal cancer cells treated with the combination of capsaicin and DIM. It was also observed that these two compounds activated transcriptional activity of NF-κB and p53 synergistically. Combination treatment stabilized nuclear p53 and up- or down-regulated expression of several target genes that are downstream of NF-κB and p53. The present study suggests capsaicin and DIM work synergistically to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer through modulating transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53, and target genes associated with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Clark
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Pfister JA, D'Mello SR. Insights into the regulation of neuronal viability by nucleophosmin/B23. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:774-86. [PMID: 25908633 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215579168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The vastness of the neuronal network that constitutes the human brain proves challenging when trying to understand its complexity. Furthermore, due to the senescent state they enter into upon maturation, neurons lack the ability to regenerate in the face of insult, injury or death. Consequently, their excessive death can be detrimental to the proper functioning of the brain. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms regulating neuronal survival is, while challenging, of great importance as the incidence of neurological disease is becoming more prevalent in today's society. Nucleophosmin/B23 (NPM) is an abundant and ubiquitously expressed protein that regulates vital cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation and genomic stability. As a result, it is necessary for proper embryonic development, but has also been implicated in many cancers. While highly studied in the context of proliferative cells, there is a lack of understanding NPM's role in post-mitotic neurons. By exploring its role in healthy neurons as well as its function in the regulation of cell death and neurodegeneration, there can be a better understanding of how these diseases initiate and progress. Owing to what is thus far known about its function in the cell, NPM could be an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Pfister
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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Groen CM, Jayo A, Parsons M, Tootle TL. Prostaglandins regulate nuclear localization of Fascin and its function in nucleolar architecture. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1901-17. [PMID: 25808493 PMCID: PMC4436834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin, a conserved actin-bundling protein, is not only cytoplasmic but also localizes to the nucleus and nuclear periphery in both Drosophila and mammalian cell contexts. In Drosophila, prostaglandin signaling regulates this localization. In addition, Fascin plays a critical role in nucleolar architecture in both Drosophila and mammalian cells. Fascin, a highly conserved actin-bundling protein, localizes and functions at new cellular sites in both Drosophila and multiple mammalian cell types. During Drosophila follicle development, in addition to being cytoplasmic, Fascin is in the nuclei of the germline-derived nurse cells during stages 10B–12 (S10B–12) and at the nuclear periphery during stage 13 (S13). This localization is specific to Fascin, as other actin-binding proteins, Villin and Profilin, do not exhibit the same subcellular distribution. In addition, localization of fascin1 to the nucleus and nuclear periphery is observed in multiple mammalian cell types. Thus the regulation and function of Fascin at these new cellular locations is likely to be highly conserved. In Drosophila, loss of prostaglandin signaling causes a global reduction in nuclear Fascin and a failure to relocalize to the nuclear periphery. Alterations in nuclear Fascin levels result in defects in nucleolar morphology in both Drosophila follicles and cultured mammalian cells, suggesting that nuclear Fascin plays an important role in nucleolar architecture. Given the numerous roles of Fascin in development and disease, including cancer, our novel finding that Fascin has functions within the nucleus sheds new light on the potential roles of Fascin in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Tina L Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Nuclear factor-kappaB sensitizes to benzyl isothiocyanate-induced antiproliferation in p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1534. [PMID: 25412312 PMCID: PMC4260753 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a dietary isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, most of which overexpress β-catenin as a result of mutations in the genes for adenomatous polyposis coli or mutations in β-catenin itself. Because nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a plausible target of BITC signaling in inflammatory cell models, we hypothesized that it is also involved in BITC-inhibited proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the NF-κB p65 subunit significantly decreased the BITC sensitivity of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells with mutated p53 tumor suppressor protein. Treating HT-29 cells with BITC induced the phosphorylation of IκB kinase, IκB-α and p65, the degradation of IκB-α, the translocation of p65 to the nucleus and the upregulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. BITC also decreased β-catenin binding to a positive cis element of the cyclin D1 promoter and thus inhibited β-catenin-dependent cyclin D1 transcription, possibly through a direct interaction between p65 and β-catenin. siRNA-mediated knockdown of p65 confirmed that p65 negatively affects cyclin D1 expression. On the other hand, when human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells with wild-type p53 were treated with BITC, translocation of p65 to the nucleus was inhibited rather than enhanced. p53 knockout increased the BITC sensitivity of HCT-116 cells in a p65-dependent manner, suggesting that p53 negatively regulates p65-dependent effects. Together, these results identify BITC as a novel type of antiproliferative agent that regulates the NF-κB pathway in p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells.
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44
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Horie R. Molecularly-targeted Strategy and NF-κB in lymphoid malignancies. J Clin Exp Hematop 2014; 53:185-95. [PMID: 24369220 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.53.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly-targeted therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a transcription factor that is constitutively activated in various lymphoid malignancies and may therefore be a good therapeutic target. Lymphoid malignancies arise from different stages of normal lymphocyte differentiation and acquire distinct pathways for constitutive NF-κB activation. However, no NF-κB inhibitor has yet been successfully applied in clinical medicine. This review focuses on the concept of molecularly-targeted therapeutics with small molecule drugs, molecular mechanisms of constitutive NF-κB activation in lymphoid malignancies, and the development of NF-κB inhibitors. A future perspective regarding the development of NF-κB inhibitors is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Horie
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University
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45
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Claudius AK, Kankipati CS, Kilari RS, Hassan S, Guest K, Russell ST, Perry CJ, Stark LA, Nicholl ID. Identification of aspirin analogues that repress NF-κB signalling and demonstrate anti-proliferative activity towards colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1670-80. [PMID: 25109257 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that aspirin and related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have potential as chemopreventative/therapeutic agents. However, these agents cannot be universally recommended for prevention purposes due to their potential side-effect profiles. Here, we compared the growth inhibitory and mechanistic activity of aspirin to two novel analogues, diaspirin (DiA) and fumaryl diaspirin (F-DiA). We found that the aspirin analogues inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells at significantly lower doses than aspirin. Similar to aspirin, we found that an early response to the analogues was a reduction in levels of cyclin D1 and stimulation of the NF-κB pathway. This stimulation was associated with a significant reduction in basal levels of NF-κB transcriptional activity, in keeping with previous data for aspirin. However, in contrast to aspirin, DiA and F-DiA activity was not associated with nucleolar accumulation of RelA. For all assays, F-DiA had a more rapid and significant effect than DiA, identifying this agent as particularly active against colorectal cancer. Using a syngeneic colorectal tumour model in mice, we found that, while both agents significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo, this effect was particularly pronounced for F-DiA. These data identify two compounds that are active against colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. They also identify a potential mechanism of action of these agents and shed light on the chemical structures that may be important for the antitumour effects of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Claudius
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chandra S Kankipati
- The Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Rajagopal S Kilari
- The Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Sadiya Hassan
- The Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Kerry Guest
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Steven T Russell
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Chris J Perry
- The Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Lesley A Stark
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Iain D Nicholl
- The Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
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O'Hara A, Simpson J, Morin P, Loveridge CJ, Williams AC, Novo SM, Stark LA. p300-mediated acetylation of COMMD1 regulates its stability, and the ubiquitylation and nucleolar translocation of the RelA NF-κB subunit. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3659-65. [PMID: 25074812 PMCID: PMC4150058 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar sequestration of the RelA subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB is an important mechanism for regulating NF-κB transcriptional activity. Ubiquitylation, facilitated by COMMD1 (also known as MURR1), acts as a crucial nucleolar-targeting signal for RelA, but how this ubiquitylation is regulated, and how it differs from cytokine-mediated ubiquitylation, which causes proteasomal degradation of RelA, is poorly understood. Here, we report a new role for p300 (also known as EP300) in controlling stimulus-specific ubiquitylation of RelA, through modulation of COMMD1. We show that p300 is required for stress-mediated ubiquitylation and nucleolar translocation of RelA, but that this effect is indirect. We also demonstrate that COMMD1 is acetylated by p300 and that acetylation protects COMMD1 from XIAP-mediated proteosomal degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that COMMD1 acetylation is enhanced by aspirin-mediated stress, and that this acetylation is absolutely required for the protein to bind RelA under these conditions. In contrast, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has no effect on COMMD1 acetylation. Finally, we demonstrate these findings have relevance in a whole tissue setting. These data offer a new paradigm for the regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity, and the multiple other pathways controlled by COMMD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O'Hara
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James Simpson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pierre Morin
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carolyn J Loveridge
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Sonia M Novo
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lesley A Stark
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Choi J, Jiang X, Jeong JB, Lee SH. Anticancer activity of protocatechualdehyde in human breast cancer cells. J Med Food 2014; 17:842-8. [PMID: 24712725 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) is a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the root of the herb S. miltiorrhiza and barley tea plants. PCA possesses antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties in human colorectal cancer cells. However, the cellular mechanism has not been fully understood. β-catenin and cyclin D1 are proto-oncogene that is overexpressed in many types of cancers and leads to cancer development. The present study was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PCA stimulates cell growth arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. PCA repressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in dose-dependent manner. PCA suppressed the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 with no changes in mRNA levels. Inhibition of proteosomal degradation using MG-132 and Ada-(Ahx)3-(Leu)3-vinyl sulfone ameliorates PCA-induced downregulation of β-catenin and cyclin D1. PCA treatment decreased the half-life of β-catenin and cyclin D1. PCA-mediated β-catenin downregulation depends on GSK3β. We further provide the evidence that PCA increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and the blockage of NF-κB using Bay11-7082 inhibited PCA-mediated β-catenin downregulation. The current study demonstrates that PCA suppress β-catenin expression through GSK3β- and NF-κB-mediated proteosomal degradation. In addition, PCA decreased cyclin D1 expression independent to β-catenin through proteosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland, USA
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48
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Sulindac activates NF-κB signaling in colon cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:73. [PMID: 24083678 PMCID: PMC3896984 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac has shown efficacy in preventing colorectal cancer. This potent anti-tumorigenic effect is mediated through multiple cellular pathways but is also accompanied by gastrointestinal side effects, such as colon inflammation. We have recently shown that sulindac can cause up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors in the mouse colon mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathways that mediate the transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon cancer epithelial cells treated with sulindac sulfide. RESULTS We found that sulindac sulfide increased NF-κB signaling in HCT-15, HCT116, SW480 and SW620 cells, although the level of induction varied between cell lines. The drug caused a decrease in IκBα levels and an increase of p65(RelA) binding to the NF-κB DNA response element. It induced expression of IL-8, ICAM1 and A20, which was inhibited by the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC. Sulindac sulfide also induced activation of the AP-1 transcription factor, which co-operated with NF-κB in up-regulating IL-8. Up-regulation of NF-κB genes was most prominent in conditions where only a subset of cells was undergoing apoptosis. In TNFα stimulated conditions the drug treatment inhibited phosphorylation on IκBα (Ser 32) which is consistent with previous studies and indicates that sulindac sulfide can inhibit TNFα-induced NF-κB activation. Sulindac-induced upregulation of NF-κB target genes occurred early in the proximal colon of mice given a diet containing sulindac for one week. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that sulindac sulfide can induce pro-inflammatory NF-κB and AP-1 signaling as well as apoptosis in the same experimental conditions. Therefore, these results provide insights into the effect of sulindac on pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, as well as contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of sulindac-induced gastrointestinal side effects.
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49
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Pickard AJ, Bierbach U. The cell's nucleolus: an emerging target for chemotherapeutic intervention. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1441-9. [PMID: 23881648 PMCID: PMC3893319 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transient nucleolus plays a central role in the up-regulated synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to sustain ribosome biogenesis, a hallmark of aberrant cell growth. This function, in conjunction with its unique pathohistological features in malignant cells and its ability to mediate apoptosis, renders this sub-nuclear structure a potential target for chemotherapeutic agents. In this Minireview, structurally and functionally diverse small molecules are discussed that have been reported to either interact with the nucleolus directly or perturb its function indirectly by acting on its dynamic components. These molecules include all major classes of nucleic-acid-targeted agents, antimetabolites, kinase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs, natural product antibiotics, oligopeptides, as well as nanoparticles. Together, these molecules are invaluable probes of structure and function of the nucleolus. They also provide a unique opportunity to develop novel strategies for more selective and therefore better-tolerated chemotherapeutic intervention. In this regard, inhibition of RNA polymerase-I-mediated rRNA synthesis appears to be a promising mechanism for killing cancer cells. The recent development of molecules targeted at G-quadruplex-forming rRNA gene sequences, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, seems to attest to the success of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Pickard
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109 (USA)
| | - Ulrich Bierbach
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109 (USA)
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Li ZF, Liang YM, Lau PN, Shen W, Wang DK, Cheung WT, Xue CJ, Poon LM, Lam YW. Dynamic localisation of mature microRNAs in Human nucleoli is influenced by exogenous genetic materials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70869. [PMID: 23940654 PMCID: PMC3735495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNAs are commonly known to function as a component of RNA-induced silencing complexes in the cytoplasm, they have been detected in other organelles, notably the nucleus and the nucleolus, of mammalian cells. We have conducted a systematic search for miRNAs in HeLa cell nucleoli, and identified 11 abundant miRNAs with a high level of nucleolar accumulation. Through in situ hybridisation, we have localised these miRNAs, including miR-191 and miR-484, in the nucleolus of a diversity of human and rodent cell lines. The nucleolar association of these miRNAs is resistant to various cellular stresses, but highly sensitive to the presence of exogenous nucleic acids. Introduction of both single- and double-stranded DNA as well as double stranded RNA rapidly induce the redistribution of nucleolar miRNAs to the cytoplasm. A similar change in subcellular distribution is also observed in cells infected with the influenza A virus. The partition of miRNAs between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm is affected by Leptomycin B, suggesting a role of Exportin-1 in the intracellular shuttling of miRNAs. This study reveals a previously unknown aspect of miRNA biology, and suggests a possible link between these small noncoding RNAs and the cellular management of foreign genetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang Li
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Min Liang
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Ngan Lau
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dai Kui Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Jason Xue
- Departments of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lit Man Poon
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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