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Erickson RA, Liu X. Association of v-ErbA with Smad4 disrupts TGF-beta signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:1509-19. [PMID: 19144825 PMCID: PMC2649266 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-08-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway is observed in the majority of cancers. To further understand TGF-beta pathway inactivation in cancer, we stably expressed the v-ErbA oncoprotein in TGF-beta responsive cells. v-ErbA participates in erythroleukemic transformation of cells induced by the avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV). Here we demonstrate that expression of v-ErbA was sufficient to antagonize TGF-beta-induced cell growth inhibition and that dysregulation of TGF-beta signaling required that v-ErbA associate with the Smad4 which sequesters Smad4 in the cytoplasm. We also show that AEV-transformed erythroleukemia cells were resistant to TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition and that TGF-beta sensitivity could be recovered by reducing v-ErbA expression. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for oncogenic disruption of TGF-beta signaling and provide a mechanistic explanation of v-ErbA activity in AEV-induced erythroleukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
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2
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Andersson ML, Vennström B. A choice between transcriptional enhancement and repression by the v-erbA oncoprotein governed by one nucleotide in a thyroid hormone responsive half site. Oncogene 2000; 19:3563-9. [PMID: 10951561 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The v-erbA oncoprotein (P75gag-v-erbA) can repress thyroid hormone receptor induced transcriptional activation of target genes. A central question is how hormone responsive elements in a target gene determine the transcriptional regulation mediated by P75gag-v-erbA. We addressed this with receptors chimeric between P75gag-v-erbA and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) by testing their regulatory activities on thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) differing in the sequence of the consensus core recognition motif AGGTCA. We report here that enhances, TR dependent transcriptional activation is conferred by P75gag-v-erbA when the thymidine in the half site recognition motif is exchanged for an adenosine. The enhancement was independent of the DNA binding region of P75gag-v-erbA, whereas increased expression of corepressor abolished the enhancing effect. The data indicate that the enhancement results from an impaired DNA binding by the oncoprotein combined with an effective scavenging of corepressors. Our data thus suggest the P75gag-v-erbA indirectly can contribute to enhancement of thyroid hormone induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Yen P, Ikeda M, Brubaker J, Forgione M, Sugawara A, Chin W. Roles of v-erbA homodimers and heterodimers in mediating dominant negative activity by v-erbA. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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4
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Schuh TJ, Hall BL, Kraft JC, Privalsky ML, Kimelman D. v-erbA and citral reduce the teratogenic effects of all-trans retinoic acid and retinol, respectively, in Xenopus embryogenesis. Development 1993; 119:785-98. [PMID: 7910550 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119.3.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of late blastula/early gastrula stage Xenopus embryos with all-trans retinoic acid results in disruption of the primary body axis through effects on both mesoderm and neuroectoderm. This effect of retinoic acid, coupled with the known presence of retinoic acid in Xenopus embryos has led to the proposal that retinoic acid may be an endogenous morphogen providing positional information in early development. To further elucidate the role of retinoic acid in early Xenopus development, we have attempted to interfere with the retinoic acid signalling pathway both at the level of retinoic acid formation, by treatment with citral (3,7-dimethy-2,6-octadienal), and at the level of nuclear retinoic acid receptor function, by microinjection of v-erbA mRNA. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the ability of citral treatment and v-erbA mRNA injection to reduce the teratogenic effects of exogenous retinol and retinoic acid, respectively, in early Xenopus development. Interestingly, v-erbA mRNA injection and citral treatment of gastrula stage embryos resulted in tadpoles with a similar set of developmental defects. The defects were chiefly found in tissues that received a contribution of cells from the neural crest, suggesting that at least a subset of neural crest cells may be sensitive to the endogenous level of retinoic acid. In accord with this proposal, it was found that the expression patterns of two early markers of cranial neural crest cells, Xtwi and XAP-2, were altered in embryos injected with v-erbA mRNA. These results indicate that structures in addition to the primary axis are regulated by retinoic acid signalling during early Xenopus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Schuh
- Department of Biochemistry SJ-70, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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5
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Abstract
Members of the steroid receptor superfamily, like other transcription factors, can function as transcriptional inducers as well as repressors of transcription. The mechanisms by which repression is achieved seem to be specific for the factors and [table: see text] regulatory sequences involved. Many and perhaps all of the steps required for transcriptional activation can be interfered with by nuclear receptors. Binding of a receptor dimer immediately adjacent to a transcription factor leads to synergistic transactivation (Fig. 6A). Binding of the GR to a nGRE displaces a positive transcription factor but has no or weak transactivation potential because no synergizing factor is nearby (Fig. 6B). The DNA-AP1 complex may bind GR, TR, or RAR so that the transactivating functions of both partners are inhibited (Fig. 6C). These negative effects (Fig. 6B and C) inhibit transactivating factor mediated gene activation, whereas the following examples show a reduction below the activity of a minimal promoter, thus acting very likely on general factors in the transcription initiation complex. v-ERBA competes with TR or RAR for DNA binding and in this respect resembles the mechanism described in Figure 6B. Silencing activity is then conferred by the bound v-ERBA, which is able to repress the activity of a complete or of a minimal promoter (Fig. 6D). Removal of the ligands T3 or RA converts the activating T3R or RAR into a silencing conformation (Fig. 6E). Ligand-free T3R, RAR, or v-ERBA bind to a silencer sequence and synergize with other silencer modules in repression (Fig. 6F).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Renkawitz
- Genetisches Institut, Universität Giessen, Germany
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6
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Lee Y, Mahdavi V. The D domain of the thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 specifies positive and negative transcriptional regulation functions. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Desbois C, Gandrillon O, Samarut J, Madjar JJ. v-erbB oncogene expression accounts for most variations in protein synthesis after avian erythroblastosis virus infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts: a two-dimensional electrophoresis study. Electrophoresis 1992; 13:383-8. [PMID: 1354610 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150130178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the v-erbA and/or v-erbB oncogenes on cellular gene expression was investigated after separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labelled proteins from chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), infected by either the avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) carrying both oncogenes, or by viruses carrying only one of them. We observed significant changes in the synthesis of 34 proteins in AEV-transformed CEF as compared with control cells. The synthesis of 24 of them was increased while the synthesis of the other 10 proteins was decreased. The expression of v-erbB alone is necessary and sufficient to induce changes in the synthesis of 27 proteins while the 7 remaining modifications are observed only in cells expressing v-erbB together with v-erbA. Moreover, the deregulation of protein synthesis by v-erbB-expressing viruses was correlated with the morphological transformation state of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desbois
- Immuno-Virologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 30, Faculté de Médicine Alexis Carrel, Lyon, France
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8
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Overexpression of the alpha-thyroid hormone receptor in avian cell lines. Effects on expression of the malic enzyme gene are selective and cell-specific. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- K Damm
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
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10
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Desbois C, Aubert D, Legrand C, Pain B, Samarut J. A novel mechanism of action for v-ErbA: abrogation of the inactivation of transcription factor AP-1 by retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors. Cell 1991; 67:731-40. [PMID: 1682056 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90068-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-activated retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) and c-ErbA alpha repress the AP-1-mediated transcriptional activation of the interstitial collagenase gene promoter by specifically decreasing the activity of the AP-1 transcription factor. On the other hand, the v-ErbA oncoprotein fails to repress the AP-1 activity and acts as a dominant negative oncoprotein by overcoming the repression of the AP-1 activity induced by RAR alpha and c-ErbA alpha. This maintenance by v-ErbA of a fully active AP-1 complex is correlated with the abrogation by this same oncogene product of the growth-inhibitory response of chicken embryo fibroblasts to retinoic acid treatment. This new mechanism of action of v-ErbA together with its previously discovered dominant repressor effect on transcription of thyroid hormone-activated target genes may explain the contribution of the v-erbA oncogene to sarcomatogenic and leukemogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desbois
- Immuno-Virologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1/CNRS UMR30, Faculté de Médecine Alexis Carrel, Lyon, France
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11
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Sharif M, Privalsky ML. v-erbA oncogene function in neoplasia correlates with its ability to repress retinoic acid receptor action. Cell 1991; 66:885-93. [PMID: 1679679 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The v-erbA oncoprotein of avian erythroblastosis virus is an aberrant version of a thyroid hormone receptor and functions in neoplasia by blocking erythroid differentiation and by modifying the growth properties of fibroblasts. v-erbA has been proposed to represent a novel dominant negative oncogene, acting in the cancer cell by interfering with the actions of its normal cell homologs, the thyroid hormone receptors. We report here that v-erbA can actually interfere with the actions of a variety of members of the steroid/retinoid receptor family and that the ability of v-erbA to act in neoplasia best correlates not with suppression of c-erbA action, but with interference with the retinoic acid receptor response. We suggest that v-erbA may act in neoplasia by promiscuously interfering with a retinoid-mediated differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis 95616
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12
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Abstract
Ample evidence has accumulated in recent years to establish that most, if not all, nuclear proto-oncogenes are in fact sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that modulate gene expression. Their synthesis or activity is modulated by extracellular signals or by cross talk between different classes of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghysdael
- Section de Biologie, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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13
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Selmi S, Samuels H. Thyroid hormone receptor/and v-erbA. A single amino acid difference in the C-terminal region influences dominant negative activity and receptor dimer formation. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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14
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Pakdel F, Féon S, Le Gac F, Le Menn F, Valotaire Y. In vivo estrogen induction of hepatic estrogen receptor mRNA and correlation with vitellogenin mRNA in rainbow trout. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 75:205-12. [PMID: 2026276 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(91)90162-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described the cloning, sequencing and in vitro expression of a full-length rainbow trout estrogen receptor cDNA (rtER cDNA). This full cDNA randomly labelled was used to study the estrogen induction of hepatic rtER mRNA in correlation with vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA in different physiological situations. In this paper, we show that in the liver two mRNA species are under hormonal control and their level increases about 8-fold after estrogen stimulation. These two mRNAs are expressed and induced in the liver as early as the hatching stage in correlation with the expression of Vg mRNA. A long-term analysis of rtER mRNA after estradiol (E2) injection shows a transient induction of the nuclear ER and its mRNA which recover to the basal level after 2 weeks. Nevertheless, a memory effect was observed on the expression of the Vg gene which does not appear to be directly related to the estrogen receptor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pakdel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, U.R.A. 256 C.N.R.S., Université de Rennes, France
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15
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16
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Stone JC, Moran MF, Pawson T. Construction and expression of linker insertion and site-directed mutants of v-fps protein-tyrosine kinase. Methods Enzymol 1991; 200:673-92. [PMID: 1659662 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(91)00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Privalsky ML, Sharif M, Yamamoto KR. The viral erbA oncogene protein, a constitutive repressor in animal cells, is a hormone-regulated activator in yeast. Cell 1990; 63:1277-86. [PMID: 1979758 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90423-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The v-erbA oncogene is a retrovirus-transduced and altered copy of a cellular gene for a thyroid hormone receptor. In animal cells, the v-erbA protein fails to respond to hormone and acts as a dominant negative allele, inhibiting gene activation normally conferred by the wild-type thyroid hormone receptor. We report here that, unexpectedly, the v-erbA protein acts as a hormone-regulated transcriptional activator in S. cerevisiae. We suggest that the ability of v-erbA protein to function as a transcriptional repressor or an activator is determined by interaction with, or modification by, other cellular factors, and that this phenomenon may be relevant to understanding ligand regulation of the normal thyroid and steroid hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Privalsky
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis 95616
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18
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Pakdel F, Le Gac F, Le Goff P, Valotaire Y. Full-length sequence and in vitro expression of rainbow trout estrogen receptor cDNA. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1990; 71:195-204. [PMID: 2210031 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(90)90025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the isolation of a partial cDNA clone encoding the rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rtER). A 0.4 kb 5'-end insert of this cDNA was used to screen the trout liver lambda gt10 cDNA library, and a full-length cDNA was isolated and sequenced. The principal structural characteristics of the complete coding sequence of the rtER are: first a remarkable homology of the DNA binding (C) and hormone binding (E) domains with those of other species, and second the lack of an A region, the function of which is not yet known but which is well conserved in other species. In vitro expression of the full-length rtER cDNA was carried out after transcription by T7 RNA polymerase and translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Translation product analysis shows three major proteins, the largest one of which probably corresponds to the translation of the complete open reading frame of mRNA. The rtER in vitro translation products specifically bind estrogens (estradiol and diethylstilbestrol), without competition from testosterone or cortisol. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), deduced from the Scatchard plot, is in the same order of magnitude as those determined heretofore in salmon livers during classical experiments. The tissue distribution of rtER mRNA shows that the same mRNA size (3.5 kb) is also present in the pituitary and hypothalamus. However, in the pituitary, a smaller sized mRNA (1.4 kb) is also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pakdel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, U.R.A. 256 C.N.R.S., Rennes, France
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19
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Zenke M, Muñoz A, Sap J, Vennström B, Beug H. v-erbA oncogene activation entails the loss of hormone-dependent regulator activity of c-erbA. Cell 1990; 61:1035-49. [PMID: 1972036 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90068-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The v-erbA oncogene, one of the two oncogenes of the avian erythroblastosis virus, efficiently blocks erythroid differentiation and suppresses erythrocyte-specific gene transcription. Here we show that the overexpressed thyroid hormone receptor c-erbA effectively modulates erythroid differentiation and erythrocyte-specific gene expression in a T3-dependent fashion, when introduced into erythroid cells via a retrovirus. In contrast, the endogenous thyroid hormone receptor does not detectably affect erythroid differentiation. The analysis of a series of chimeric v-/c-erbA proteins suggests that the v-erbA oncoprotein has lost one type of thyroid hormone receptor function (regulating erythrocyte gene transcription in response to T3), but constitutively displays another function: it represses transcription in the absence of T3. The region responsible for the loss of hormone-dependent regulator activity of v-erbA has been mapped to the very C-terminus of c-erbA, encompassing a cluster of highly conserved amino acid residues with the potential to form an amphipathic alpha-helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zenke
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Sap J, Muñoz A, Schmitt J, Stunnenberg H, Vennström B. Repression of transcription mediated at a thyroid hormone response element by the v-erb-A oncogene product. Nature 1989; 340:242-4. [PMID: 2569164 DOI: 10.1038/340242a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several recent observations, such as the identification of the cellular homologue of the v-erb-A oncogene as a thyroid-hormone receptor, have strongly implicated nuclear oncogenes in transcriptional control mechanisms. The v-erb-A oncogene blocks the differentiation of erythroid cells, and changes the growth requirements of fibroblasts and erythroblasts. Mutations in v-erb-A protein have led to the loss of its affinity for thyroid hormones but do not affect its DNA-binding ability, a property required for biological activity. We report here the identification of a novel thyroid-hormone response element (TRE) in the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine leukaemia virus that binds the c-erb-A-alpha protein. The v-erb-A protein abolishes the responsiveness of this TRE to thyroid hormone, although it has a lower affinity than the normal receptor for the TRE. The data indicate that overexpressed v-erb-A protein negatively interferes with normal transcriptional-control mechanisms, and that amino-acid substitutions have altered its DNA-binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sap
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, FRG
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21
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Palmieri S. Oncogene requirements for tumorigenicity: cooperative effects between retroviral oncogenes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1989; 148:43-91. [PMID: 2684549 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74700-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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