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Gniech T, Humboldt A, Keith KA, James SH, Richert C. A ProTide of AZT Shows Activity Against Human Papillomaviruses. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300661. [PMID: 38241205 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Infection by human papillomaviruses (HPV) can cause warts and tumors. So far, no small molecule antiviral has been approved for the treatment of infections with this DNA virus, although preclinical studies show activity for nucleosidic compounds, such as 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethylguanine (PMEG) or cidofovir. This prompted us to test new prodrug versions of the nucleoside analog 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), known to be active against reverse transcriptases and approved for the treatment of HIV. Here we report the synthesis of an ethylbutyl alaninyl ester phosphosphoramidate prodrug of AZT, dubbed AZAEB, and its activity against HPV, a target not known to be sensitive to AZT. A methyl ester derivative was found to be inactive against this and three other DNA viruses, while the phosphoramidate prodrug AZAEB showed a modest inhibitory effect against HPV types 6, 11, 18 and 31. Our results open up new avenues of study for the treatment of diseases caused by members of the papillomaviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gniech
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Adrian Humboldt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kathy A Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott H James
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Aldana-Caballero A, Mingorance-Alvarez E, Mayordomo R, Marcos-Tejedor F. Clinical implementation of a multiplex PCR detection method for HPV causing plantar warts and genotype distribution in different geographical areas of Spain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23550. [PMID: 38187313 PMCID: PMC10767125 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus is the ethological agent of various tumors, including plantar warts as one of the most frequent clinical presentations. Diagnosis of these warts continues to be mainly clinical, and a significant incidence of misdiagnosis leads to inadequate treatment. The aim of this study is to implement and validate a multiplex PCR detection method in the clinical setting to detect HPV in samples and to study genotype distribution in Spain to improve future molecular diagnostics. Viral DNA was extracted from 128 samples of clinically suspected plantar warts from various locations in Spain. A multiplex PCR was run alongside internal controls, and amplicons were processed for sequencing and HPV genotyping. The method was validated by assessing both inter- and intra-run repeatability. The PCR detection method returned 81.2 % (n = 104) positive results in the samples tested. Inter- and intra-run repeatability tests showed excellent intra-run agreement (κ = 1.00, p < 0.001) and good inter-run agreement (κ = 0.737, p < 0.001). The most frequent HPV type was HPV1, followed by HPV27, showing a statistical difference between the distribution of HPV genotypes in different areas of Spain. Clinical implementation of a DNA PCR detection method for plantar warts can avoid 18.8 % of unnecessary treatments in doubtful cases, and the method is reliable and validated for the purpose. HPV types show an asymmetric geographical distribution that should be considered for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aldana-Caballero
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - E Mingorance-Alvarez
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, Universidad de Extremadura, DEDAP Research Group, Plasencia, Spain
| | - R Mayordomo
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, Universidad de Extremadura, DEDAP Research Group, Plasencia, Spain
| | - F Marcos-Tejedor
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, DEDAP Research Group Collaborator, Talavera de La Reina, Spain
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Castañeda-Avila MA, Pérez CM, Vivaldi J, Díaz-Toro EC, Ramos-Cartagena JM, Andriankaja OM, Ortiz AP. Oral Inflammation and Human Papilloma Virus Association among Hispanics. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:7247976. [PMID: 38111755 PMCID: PMC10727800 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7247976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying factors related to persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is essential to reduce the incidence of HPV-related cancers. Objective To evaluate whether gingival/periodontal inflammation is associated with oral HPV infection. Methods This cross-sectional study (n = 740) uses data from the follow-up visit of the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study, which recruited overweight/obese adults aged 40-65 from Puerto Rico. Participants completed a dental examination and two interviews (face-to-face/ACASI) and provided oral rinse samples for HPV detection. Oral inflammation was assessed using two definitions: (1) the number of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), and (2) the number of teeth with probing pocket depths (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and BOP. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between oral inflammation and oral HPV. Results Nearly three-quarters (72%) of participants were female, and 68% had 50 years or older. Participants with HPV had a higher mean number of sites with BOP (15.5 vs. 10.1) and teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP (8.5 vs. 3.2) than participants without HPV (p < 0.05). After adjusting for sex, age, income, and the number of oral sex partners, the odds of having an oral HPV infection increased by 3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.06) for any additional sites with BOP and 5% (95% CI: 1.02-1.09) for any other teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP. Conclusions We found that oral inflammation was associated with oral HPV infection among adults in Puerto Rico. Future studies need to further investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira A. Castañeda-Avila
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - José Vivaldi
- School of Dental Medicine, Ana G. Méndez University, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Elba C. Díaz-Toro
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
- Hospital of the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Jeslie M. Ramos-Cartagena
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Oelisoa M. Andriankaja
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Ana P. Ortiz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
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Deng X, Chen X, Luo Y, Que J, Chen L. Intratumor microbiome derived glycolysis-lactate signatures depicts immune heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma by integration of microbiomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and single-cell data. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1202454. [PMID: 37664112 PMCID: PMC10469687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1202454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiome plays roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development and anti-tumor treatment efficacy. Aberrant glycolysis in tumor might promote lactate production that alter tumor microenvironment, affecting microbiome, cancer cells and immune cells. We aimed to construct intratumor microbiome score to predict prognosis of LUAD patients and thoroughly investigate glycolysis and lactate signature's association with LUAD immune cell infiltration. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas-LUAD (TCGA-LUAD) microbiome data was downloaded from cBioPortal and analyzed to examine its association with overall survival to create a prognostic scoring model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to find each group's major mechanisms involved. Our study then investigated the glycolysis and lactate pattern in LUAD patients based on 19 genes, which were correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotypes and immunotherapy outcomes. We developed a glycolysis-lactate risk score and signature to accurately predict TME phenotypes, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. Results Using the univariate Cox regression analysis, the abundance of 38 genera were identified with prognostic values and a lung-resident microbial score (LMS) was then developed from the TCGA-LUAD-microbiome dataset. Glycolysis hallmark pathway was significantly enriched in high-LMS group and three distinct glycolysis-lactate patterns were generated. Patients in Cluster1 exhibited unfavorable outcomes and might be insensitive to immunotherapy. Glycolysis-lactate score was constructed for predicting prognosis with high accuracy and validated in external cohorts. Gene signature was developed and this signature was elevated in epithelial cells especially in tumor mass on single-cell level. Finally, we found that the glycolysis-lactate signature levels were consistent with the malignancy of histological subtypes. Discussion Our study demonstrated that an 18-microbe prognostic score and a 19-gene glycolysis-lactate signature for predicting prognosis of LUAD patients. Our LMS, glycolysis-lactate score and glycolysis-lactate signature have potential roles in precision therapy of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Que
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhao X, Dai C, Qian S, Tang Q, Li L, Hao Y, Zhou Z, Ge X, Gong C, Yuan J. Viral Diversity and Epidemiology in Critically Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0081023. [PMID: 37265414 PMCID: PMC10434060 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00810-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is a critically endangered freshwater cetacean, with about 1,249 individuals thought to be left in the wild. However, viral entities and viral diseases of YFPs remain obscure. In this study, anal swabs for virome analysis were collected during the physical examination of YFPs in the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow (TEO) ex situ reserve. A total of 19 eukaryotic viral species belonging to 9 families, including Papillomaviridae, Herpesviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Caliciviridae, Retroviridae, Parvoviridae, Virgaviridae, and Narnaviridae, and other unclassified viruses were identified based on metasequencing. Among these detected viruses, a novel herpesvirus (NaHV), two different kobuviruses (NaKV1-2), and six different papillomaviruses (NaPV1 to -6) were considered potential risks to YFPs and confirmed by PCR or reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Most YFPs sampled were found to harbor one or more kinds of detected viral genomes (52/58 [89.7%]). Surveillance results demonstrated that kobuvirus and herpesvirus displayed obvious age distribution and PVs showed significant gender difference in YFPs. According to species demarcation criteria in individual genera in Papillomaviridae, two novel species (referred to as Omikronpapillomavirus 2 and 3) and four novel isolates of PV were identified in YFPs. Further evolutionary analysis suggested that NaPVs would occupy the mucosal niche and that virus-host codivergence mixed with duplications and host-switching events drives the evolution of cetacean PVs. Divergence times of PVs in YFP and other cetacean reflect the incipient speciation of YFPs. In summary, our findings revealed the potential viral entities, their prevalence, and their evolutionary history in YFPs, which raises an important issue regarding effects of viral infection on the fitness of YFPs. IMPORTANCE The Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is the only cetacean species in freshwater following the functional extinction of the baiji (Lipotes vexillifer). Health management, disease treatment, and other special measures are important for maintaining the existing YFP populations, especially in in situ and ex situ reserves. The discovery of potential viral entities and their prevalence in YFPs raises an important issue regarding the effects of viral infection on the fitness of YFPs and may contribute to the conservation of YFPs. The evolutionary history of papillomaviruses in YFP and other cetaceans reflects the phylogeny of their hosts and supports the status of incipient species, opening a window to investigate the evolutionary adaptation of cetaceans to freshwater as well as their phylogeny to remedy the deficiency of fossil evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caijiao Dai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Qian
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujiang Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhou
- College of Biology & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Ge
- College of Biology & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Tian-e-zhou National Reserve for Lipotes Vexillifer, Shishou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Role of Low-Risk HPV PCR Monoinfection in Screening for HSIL and Anal Cancer in Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065642. [PMID: 36982714 PMCID: PMC10056681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the value of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR to screen for “high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion and anal cancer” (HSIL-plus), rate of patients with low-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) progressing to HSIL-plus, and progression-related factors. Prospective, longitudinal study of consecutive MSM-LHIV attended between May 2010 and December 2021 and followed for 43 months (IQR: 12–76). HIV-related variables were gathered at baseline, performing anal cytology for HPV detection/genotyping, thin-layer cytological study, and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). Follow-up was annual when HRA was normal or LSIL, and post-treatment in cases of HSIL-plus, re-evaluating sexual behavior, viral-immunological status, and HPV infection of anal mucosa. The 493 participants had mean age of 36 years: CD4 nadir < 200 cells/uL in 23.1%, virological failure in 4.1%, and tetravalent HPV vaccine > 5 years earlier in 15%. HSIL-plus was ruled out in patients with monoinfection by low-risk HPV genotype and normal cytology (100% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity, PPV 2.9%, and NPV 100%). Progression from LISL to HSIL-plus occurred in 4.27% of patients within 12 months (IQR: 12–12): risk factors were acquisition of high-risk (HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.14–15.03) and low-risk (HR: 3.68 95% CI: 1.04–12.94) HPV genotypes, specifically genotype 6 (HR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.34–14.91), and history of AIDS (HR: 5.81 95% CI: 1.78–18.92). Monoinfection by LR-HPV genotypes in patients with normal cytology is not associated with anal cancer or precursor lesions. Progression from LSIL to HSIL-plus, observed in <5% of patients, was related to acquisition of HR and LR HPV genotypes, especially 6, and a history of AIDS.
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Khamisy-Farah R, Endrawis M, Odeh M, Tuma R, Riccò M, Chirico F, Bragazzi NL. Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Attitudes, and Practices Towards Anti-HPV Vaccination Among Israeli Nurses. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023:10.1007/s13187-023-02281-0. [PMID: 36914922 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus, belonging to the family of Papillomaviridae. It is a highly common infectious agent, which causes one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections (STIs), involving approximately 20% of sexually active female adolescents and up to 80% of female adults aged 50 years. There exist two major preventative strategies: namely, anti-HPV vaccination and cervical screening. Healthcare providers, including nurses, can play a crucial role in HPV immunization campaigns, counteracting vaccine hesitancy and doing advocacy and counseling. To explore the overall knowledge of HPV and HPV-related issues, as well as the attitudes and practices of Israeli nurses, a modified and adapted, previously validated knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) questionnaire was administered to a sample of 565 participants, 481 female (85.1%) and 84 male (14.9%). Most of them were married (n = 428, 75.8%), with more than 5 years of experience (n = 405, 71.7%), working in the general/internal medicine ward (n = 432, 76.5%), and Jewish (n = 352, 62.3%). Only 87 nurses (15.4%) got vaccinated against HPV. Forty-four (9.1%) of the female nurses never underwent a Pap smear. Higher percentages of right replies were reported only for the item related to available preventative strategies for cervical cancer (82.1% versus 17.9%). Higher percentages of wrong replies were reported for items related to body regions that can be infected by HPV (60.5% versus 39.5%), percentage of girls aged 15-18 years being sexually active (68.0% versus 32.0%). Similar percentages of right and wrong replies were reported for items related to whom the Pap test is recommended (52.7% versus 47.3%), Israeli Ministry of Health's guidelines for anti-HPV vaccination (50.4% versus 49.6%), and percentage of boys aged 15-18 years being sexually active (44.4% versus 55.6%). Concerning the reliability of the third section of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was deemed to be acceptable (α = 0.64). Statistically significant determinants of reporting lower scores in HPV-related attitudes and practices were religion (OR 1.44 [95%CI 1.02-2.04]), and male offspring (OR 1.22 [1.03-1.44]). This study has important implications for policy- and decision-makers in that they should be aware of the overall poor and unsatisfactory level of HPV-related knowledge among Israeli nurses and implement multipronged HPV vaccine promotion programs, taking into account the challenges of a multicultural and diverse society like Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Khamisy-Farah
- Clalit Health Service, Akko, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 13100, Safed, Israel.
| | - Maher Endrawis
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, 13100, Safed, Israel
| | - Marwan Odeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, 22100, Nahariya, Galilee, Israel
| | - Ruba Tuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, 22100, Nahariya, Galilee, Israel
| | - Matteo Riccò
- Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia-Regional Health Service of Emilia Romagna, Department of Public Health, Service for Health and Safety in the Workplace, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman/Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Health Service Department, State Police, Ministry of Interior, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Padavu S, Aichpure P, Krishna Kumar B, Kumar A, Ratho R, Sonkusare S, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Rai P. An insight into clinical and laboratory detections for screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:29-40. [PMID: 36697264 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2173580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women caused by an unresolved long-term infection with distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. It is the fourth most common form of cancer among women worldwide. The two oncogenic genotypes, HPV 16 and 18, are responsible for >70% of all cervical cancers worldwide. Cervical cancer is one of the most successfully preventable and treatable forms of cancer if detected early. AREAS COVERED In this review article, we have summarizedsummarised the different approaches used in clinical diagnosis and research laboratories to detect HPV-related changes associated with cervical cancer for a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of these tests. EXPERT OPINION Despite the well-known screening strategies for cervical cancer, developing nations lack effective implementation due to various factors. With the current rate of cervical cancer cases, precise and timely identification of HPV can significantly impact the prevention and efficient management of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developing countries. The primary screening test with cytology and molecular testing of HPV is important for preventing cervical cancer. To address these issues, several point-of-care assays have been developed to facilitate rapid screening of HPV with the least turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Padavu
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Aichpure
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- In Vivo Bioassay Laboratory & Animal Facility, National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Noida, India
| | - RadhaKanta Ratho
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shipra Sonkusare
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
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Mohan N, Wellach K, Özerdem C, Veits N, Förster JD, Foehr S, Bonsack M, Riemer AB. Effects of hypoxia on antigen presentation and T cell-based immune recognition of HPV16-transformed cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918528. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to develop a therapeutic vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced malignancies have mostly not been clinically successful to date. One reason may be the hypoxic microenvironment present in most tumors, including cervical cancer. Hypoxia dysregulates the levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in different tumor entities, impacts the function of cytotoxic T cells, and leads to decreased protein levels of the oncoproteins E6 and E7 in HPV-transformed cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on the presentation of HPV16 E6- and E7-derived epitopes in cervical cancer cells and its effect on epitope-specific T cell cytotoxicity. Hypoxia induced downregulation of E7 protein levels in all analyzed cell lines, as assessed by Western blotting. However, contrary to previous reports, no perturbation of antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) components and HLA-A2 surface expression upon hypoxia treatment was detected by mass spectrometry and flow cytometry, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays performed in hypoxic conditions showed differential effects on the specific killing of HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells by epitope-specific CD8+ T cell lines in a donor- and peptide-specific manner. Effects of hypoxia on the expression of PD-L1 were ruled out by flow cytometry analysis. Altogether, our results under hypoxia show a decreased expression of E6 and E7, but an intact APM, and epitope- and donor-dependent effects on T cell cytotoxicity towards HPV16-positive target cells. This suggests that successful immunotherapies can be developed for hypoxic HPV-induced cervical cancer, with careful choice of target epitopes, and ideally in combination with hypoxia-alleviating measures.
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Prevalence and Genotyping of HPV in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Northern Brazil. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101106. [DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is well known to be associated with and a risk factor for various types of oral carcinomas such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the HPV-induced OSCC prevalence and genotyping in the city of Belém, northern Brazil. This cross-sectional study features 101 participants who attended an oral pathology referral center in a dental college looking for diagnoses of oral lesions (OL). After signing the consent term and meeting the inclusion criteria, all participants went through a sociodemographic and epidemiological questionnaire. Then, OL were collected by excisional or incisional biopsy depending on OL size; after that, OL tissues were preserved in paraffin blocks to histopathological diagnoses. Afterwards, paraffin blocks were divided into benign and malignant/premalignant lesions based on the classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa. Then, the paraffin blocks had DNA extraction performed by the ReliaPrep FFPE gDNA Miniprep method in order to identify HPV DNA of high oncogenic risk and low oncogenic risk. Then, the viral DNA was amplified and typed using the Inno-Lipa genotyping Extra II method, and the collected data were analyzed by Chi-square and G-tests. In total, 59/101 (58.4%) OL were malignant/premalignant lesions, of which OSCC was the most prevalent with 40/59 (67.7%) and 42/101 (41.6%) benign lesions. The most common area of OL incidence was upper gingiva 46/101 (45.5%). Regarding HPV DNA detection, approximately 27/101 (26.7%) had positive results; of these, 17/59 (28.8%) were malignant/premalignant lesions, and the most prevalent genotypes detected were 16, 18, 52 and 58, while among benign lesions, 10/42 (66.6%) had HPV-positive results, and the most prevalent genotypes detected were 6, 11 and 42. Age range was the only risk factor with a significant association between HPV and OSCC presence (p-value: 0.0004). A correlation between OSCC and oral HPV among analyzed samples could not be demonstrated in our small cohort.
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Tao Y, Shao H, Zhang T, Pu J, Tang C. Factors Influencing Men’s Attitudes toward HPV Vaccination in Males Included in the Chinese National Immunization Program. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071054. [PMID: 35891217 PMCID: PMC9319647 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, and it is associated with anogenital warts and oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. Among female malignant tumors in China, the incidence of cervical cancer ranks second, with only breast cancer being more prevalent. HPV infection and related diseases affects both women and men. HPV vaccination is an optimal prevention strategy in preventing HPV infection and related diseases. The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program is an effective way to increase immunization coverage, reduce the burden of HPV related diseases, and increase national life expectancy. Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the attitudes of Chinese men toward the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in males included in the national immunization program, thus providing reference for launching the national immunization program policy. Methods: We invited men aged 20 to 45 to participate in an online survey. The participants were requested to complete a questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior characteristics, knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccine, and attitudes toward the HPV vaccine. A logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of attitudes. Results: A total of 660 males in China participated in this survey, and 80.45% supported the inclusion of HPV vaccines in national immunization programs. Participants earning CNY 100,000–200,000 (dds ratio (OR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–1.00) or ≥200,000 (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.68) were more likely to disapprove this strategy. Compared with people without a history of HPV infection, those with a history of HPV infection (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.17–2.90) were more likely to approve. Men who had better knowledge of HPV were more likely to approve than men with less knowledge about HPV (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.17–1.79). Compared with participants who did not know when the HPV vaccine should be given, those who knew that the ideal time of vaccination is before an individual becomes sexually active (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.04–2.95) were more likely to approve. Conclusion: One in five men did not support the inclusion of HPV vaccines in national immunization programs, and they are likely to be from higher socioeconomic background and have poor knowledge of HPV. In order to implement comprehensive immunity, targeted actions need to be taken at national and public levels. In addition, when implementing measures, more attention needs to be paid to lower income men, men without a history of HPV infection and with poor knowledge of HPV, as well as young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Huarui Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Ting Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Junliang Pu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Chengyong Tang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.T.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-189-8328-6980
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12
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Efficacy and Safety of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau Cream vs. Podophyllin for the Treatment of Adults with Condyloma Acuminata. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1577716. [PMID: 35783521 PMCID: PMC9246565 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1577716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes condyloma acuminata (CA). Podophyllin is the standard treatment. Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans), a medicinal plant, has potent anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. C. nutans cream is widely used in Thailand to treat the herpes simplex virus. We proposed that C. nutans might also induce CA clearance. There are no studies of C. nutans treatment of CA. This randomized controlled trial at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019. CA samples were obtained from 10 men with at least two CAs 1 centimeter apart. Each wart was randomized to a 4-week treatment with either C. nutans or podophyllin. The participants were 24 to 72 years old. Most HPV types were low-risk HPVs (HPV 11, HPV 6). Median CA clearance with podophyllin was a 97% CA clearance with podophyllin and 82% with C. nutans. C. nutans may be an alternative treatment for CA.
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13
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Almășan O, Duncea I, Kui A, Buduru S. Influence of Human Papillomavirus on Alveolar Bone and Orthodontic Treatment: Systematic Review and Case Report. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040624. [PMID: 35455802 PMCID: PMC9028962 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As the human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are detected in healthy oral mucosa as well as in oral lesions, dental practitioners have an important role in detecting any possible lesions that might be caused by this virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of orthodontic treatments and HPV infections and to report a rare case of ongoing orthodontic treatment superposed on an HPV infection. Methods: An electronic English literature research of the articles published between the years 2011–2021 was conducted between December 2021–February 2022, accessing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The terms “HPV”, “orthodontics”, “orthodontic treatment”, “tooth movement”, “tooth mobility”, and “malocclusion” were searched. The following inclusion criteria were pursued: articles published in English language; studies reporting HPV infection in subjects with past or ongoing orthodontic treatment; and case reports of subjects with HPV and orthodontic treatment. Exclusion criteria were: articles in languages other than English, studies related to malignancies other than HPV and orthodontic treatment; and studies reporting patients with HPV and no orthodontic treatment. Results: Following the systematic review, which includes six papers, a case of orthodontic treatment superposed on a HPV infection is presented. Conclusion: Incumbent, postponed HPV infection on an ongoing orthodontic treatment might affect treatment outcome and patient compliance.
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Birrer MJ, Fujiwara K, Oaknin A, Randall L, Ojalvo LS, Valencia C, Ray-Coquard I. The Changing Landscape of Systemic Treatment for Cervical Cancer: Rationale for Inhibition of the TGF-β and PD-L1 Pathways. Front Oncol 2022; 12:814169. [PMID: 35280818 PMCID: PMC8905681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.814169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers among women worldwide. Treatment options are limited in patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer, with <20% of women living >5 years. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in almost all cases of cervical cancer. HPV infection not only causes normal cervical cells to transform into cancer cells, but also creates an immunosuppressive environment for cancer cells to evade the immune system. Recent clinical trials of drugs targeting the PD-(L)1 pathway have demonstrated improvement in overall survival in patients with cervical cancer, but only 20% to 30% of patients show overall survival benefit beyond 2 years, and resistance to these treatments remains common. Therefore, novel treatment strategies targeting HPV infection-associated factors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β "trap") fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-L1. Early clinical trials of bintrafusp alfa have shown promising results in patients with advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ana Oaknin
- Gynaecological Cancer Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leslie Randall
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Laureen S Ojalvo
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Christian Valencia
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- GINECO Group & Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, University Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
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15
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Rafael TS, Rotman J, Brouwer OR, van der Poel HG, Mom CH, Kenter GG, de Gruijl TD, Jordanova ES. Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of HPV-Associated (Pre-)Cancer of the Cervix, Vulva and Penis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041101. [PMID: 35207374 PMCID: PMC8876514 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives tumorigenesis in almost all cervical cancers and a fraction of vulvar and penile cancers. Due to increasing incidence and low vaccination rates, many will still have to face HPV-related morbidity and mortality in the upcoming years. Current treatment options (i.e., surgery and/or chemoradiation) for urogenital (pre-)malignancies can have profound psychosocial and psychosexual effects on patients. Moreover, in the setting of advanced disease, responses to current therapies remain poor and nondurable, highlighting the unmet need for novel therapies that prevent recurrent disease and improve clinical outcome. Immunotherapy can be a useful addition to the current therapeutic strategies in various settings of disease, offering relatively fewer adverse effects and potential improvement in survival. This review discusses immune evasion mechanisms accompanying HPV infection and HPV-related tumorigenesis and summarizes current immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of HPV-related (pre-)malignant lesions of the uterine cervix, vulva, and penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tynisha S. Rafael
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Jossie Rotman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Oscar R. Brouwer
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Henk G. van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Constantijne H. Mom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Gemma G. Kenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ekaterina S. Jordanova
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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HNF4A Regulates the Proliferation and Tumor Formation of Cervical Cancer Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8168988. [PMID: 35132353 PMCID: PMC8817108 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8168988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) is a transcriptional factor which plays an important role in the development of the liver, kidney, and intestines. Nevertheless, its role in cervical cancer and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. In this study, both immunohistochemistry and western blotting revealed that the expression of HNF4A was downregulated in cervical cancer. Xenograft assays suggested that HN4A could inhibit tumorigenic potential of cervical cancer in vivo. Functional studies illustrated that HNF4A also inhibited the proliferation and viability of cervical cancer cells in vitro. In addition, FACS analysis implied that HNF4A could induce cell cycle arrest from the G0/G1 phase to S phase. Further studies suggested that HNF4A downregulated the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Altogether, our data demonstrated that HNF4A inhibited tumor formation and proliferation of cervical cancer cells through suppressing the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Haddad SF, Kerbage A, Eid R, Kourie HR. Awareness about the human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine among medical students in Lebanon. J Med Virol 2021; 94:2796-2801. [PMID: 34877678 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As a developing country, Lebanon lacks adequate awareness about Human papillomavirus (HPV) among its population, whether working in the medical field or not. Lebanon is traditionally considered conservative with a low incidence of sexually transmitted infections in general, but recently the incidence of HPV infections has significantly increased. The present cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the level of awareness on HPV and the attitude toward HPV vaccine among Lebanese medical students in a self-administered questionnaire-based survey. A total of 1009 answers were collected and analyzed from a population of about 3000 Lebanese medical students. Our study revealed a significant lack of knowledge and awareness on HPV among medical students in Lebanon, with a strikingly low vaccination rate (16.4%) due to many barriers. Education initiatives in medical schools remain crucial to raise awareness on HPV and promote HPV vaccination, especially among medical students, who represent the country's future healthcare providers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Haddad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anthony Kerbage
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig R Kourie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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18
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Aldana-Caballero A, Marcos-Tejedor F, Mayordomo R. Diagnostic techniques in HPV infections and the need to implement them in plantar lesions: A systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1341-1348. [PMID: 34752720 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.2004889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus has been reported as the etiological cause of most cervical cancers and other potentially malignant lesions. It also affects other areas, producing benign tumors on the skin. Plantar warts are a common problem found in clinical practice and share signs and symptoms with other dermatological conditions. Diagnosis of HPV infection remains a hot topic in research. METHOD The present work systematically reviews the literature on the diagnostic techniques available in the clinical setting for any type of lesion produced by the virus and compares the techniques identified to those found in use for foot lesions. RESULTS Results showed a variety of diagnostic methods, including molecular techniques, which exhibit more sensitivity than other methods but are less frequently applied to plantar lesions, where visual inspection is the most frequent method but can lead to errors. CONCLUSION The techniques identified need to be applied to plantar lesions to improve differential diagnosis in clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION Research will continue to grow and a proper diagnostic technique for plantar lesions will be available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aldana-Caballero
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain
| | - Felix Marcos-Tejedor
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Dedap Research Group Collaborator, Talavera de La Reina, Spain
| | - Raquel Mayordomo
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, Universidad de Extremadura, DEDAP Research Group, Plasencia, Spain
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19
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Ramachandran D, Dörk T. Genomic Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5137. [PMID: 34680286 PMCID: PMC8533931 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer amongst women worldwide. Infection by high-risk human papilloma virus is necessary in most cases, but not sufficient to develop invasive cervical cancer. Despite a predicted genetic heritability in the range of other gynaecological cancers, only few genomic susceptibility loci have been identified thus far. Various case-control association studies have found corroborative evidence for several independent risk variants at the 6p21.3 locus (HLA), while many reports of associations with variants outside the HLA region remain to be validated in other cohorts. Here, we review cervical cancer susceptibility variants arising from recent genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis in large cohorts and propose 2q14 (PAX8), 17q12 (GSDMB), and 5p15.33 (CLPTM1L) as consistently replicated non-HLA cervical cancer susceptibility loci. We further discuss the available evidence for these loci, knowledge gaps, future perspectives, and the potential impact of these findings on precision medicine strategies to combat cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
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20
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Karnosky J, Dietmaier W, Knuettel H, Freigang V, Koch M, Koll F, Zeman F, Schulz C. HPV and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1350. [PMID: 33624444 PMCID: PMC8388180 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has emerged as a global public health problem and is the most common cause of cancer deaths by absolute cases globally. Besides tobacco, smoke infectious diseases such as human papillomavirus (HPV) might be involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, data are inconsistent due to differences in study design and HPV detection methods. AIM A systematic meta-analysis was performed to examine the presence of HPV-infection with lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS All studies in all languages were considered for the search concepts "lung cancer" and "HPV" if data specific to HPV prevalence in lung cancer tissue were given. This included Journal articles as well as abstracts and conference reports. As detection method, only HPV PCR results from fresh frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue were included. Five bibliographic databases and three registers of clinical trials including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through February 2020. A total 4298 publications were identified, and 78 publications were selected, resulting in 9385 included lung cancer patients. A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies with n = 2504 patients showed a weighted overall prevalence difference of 22% (95% CI: 12%-33%; P < .001) and a weighted overall 4.7-fold (95% CI: 2.7-8.4; P < .001) increase of HPV prevalence in lung cancer patients compared to controls. Overall, HPV prevalence amounted to 13.5% being highest in Asia (16.6%), followed by America (12.8%), and Europe (7.0%). A higher HPV prevalence was found in squamous cell carcinoma (17.9%) compared to adenocarcinoma (P < .01) with significant differences in geographic patterns. HPV genotypes 16 and 18 were the most prevalent high-risk genotypes identified. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our review provides convincing evidence that HPV infection increases the risk of developing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karnosky
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Bereich PneumologieKlinikum der Universität RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | | | - Helge Knuettel
- UniversitätsbibliothekUniversität RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Viola Freigang
- Klinik und Poliklinik für UnfallchirurgieKlinikum der Universität RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Myriam Koch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Bereich PneumologieKlinikum der Universität RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Franziska Koll
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Bereich PneumologieKlinikum der Universität RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Zentrum für Klinische StudienKlinikum der Universität RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Bereich PneumologieKlinikum der Universität RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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21
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Gutiérrez AL, Lindberg JH, Shevchenko G, Gustavsson I, Bergquist J, Gyllensten U, Enroth S. Identification of Candidate Protein Biomarkers for CIN2+ Lesions from Self-Sampled, Dried Cervico-Vaginal Fluid Using LC-MS/MS. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112592. [PMID: 34070587 PMCID: PMC8198222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, and screening programs increase its detection rate and survivability. The molecular screening of the presence of human papilloma viruses (HPV) as alternatives to physical examinations offers cost-efficient solutions and can be performed on self-collected samples. A persistent infection with HPV is necessary (but not sufficient) to develop cancer, and additional biomarkers are needed to increase the precision. Here, we have analysed protein biomarkers found in self-collected dried cervico–vaginal fluid (CVF) from both controls and women with cervical cancer pre-stages. Our conclusion is that protein biomarkers can be robustly detected from dried CVF and that these can aid in the detection of cervical cancer pre-stages. Abstract Molecular screening programs for cervical cancer detect the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in cell material or vaginal fluids. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary pre-requisite, but the majority of infections do not lead to pathological states. Additional biomarkers are needed to increase the specificity of the molecular tests. Here, we have investigated the possibility of detecting protein biomarkers using mass spectrometry from dried self-sampled cervico–vaginal fluid deposited on FTA cards. We found significant intra-individual correlations (p < 2.2 × 10−16), although heterogenous protein profiles were obtained between individuals. Out of 3699 proteins found in total, 169 were detected in at least 95% of the samples. Using a discovery/replication design, 18 proteins were found to be significant in the discovery cohort, with higher values in those cases compared to controls. All of these were found to also have higher levels among the cases in the replication cohort, with one protein (DEAD-Box Helicase) remaining statistically significant. Finally, a predictive 7-protein multivariate model was developed with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 and 0.55, respectively. Our results demonstrate that robust measurements of protein biomarkers can be obtained from self-sampled dried CVF and that these could be used to predict cervical cancer pre-stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Lara Gutiérrez
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.L.G.); (J.H.L.); (I.G.); (U.G.)
| | - Julia Hedlund Lindberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.L.G.); (J.H.L.); (I.G.); (U.G.)
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75237 Uppsala, Sweden; (G.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Inger Gustavsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.L.G.); (J.H.L.); (I.G.); (U.G.)
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75237 Uppsala, Sweden; (G.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.L.G.); (J.H.L.); (I.G.); (U.G.)
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.L.G.); (J.H.L.); (I.G.); (U.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)-18-471-0000
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22
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Limberis CL, Nayler S, Rapoport BL. A Rare Case of Synchronous Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a Lung Mass: A Diagnostic and Management Dilemma. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 13:1474-1482. [PMID: 33442372 PMCID: PMC7772870 DOI: 10.1159/000511460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has presented an increasing burden globally, with the occurrence of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma being a relatively rare event but presenting with significant challenges in management, and a paucity of treatment options. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is similarly an infrequent diagnosis. We present a rare case of a synchronous diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia with an associated lung mass with squamous differentiation. The considered origin of the lung mass was either metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma or a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, representing a third primary malignancy. The report highlights complexities in diagnosis and management, particularly in a patient with multiple synchronous malignancies. It further emphasizes the need for expanded global availability of specific therapies, including PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Nayler
- Drs Gritzman and Thatcher Inc. Laboratories, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bernardo Leon Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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23
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Redox-dependent mechanisms of carcinogenesis in human papillomavirus infection. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Akl E, Sorour N, Abdou A, Elesawy F. Does involucrin have a role in verruca vulgaris? A clinical and immunohistochemical study. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:465-471. [PMID: 35068499 PMCID: PMC8751724 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_808_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aim of the Work: Subjects and Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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25
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Magalhães GM, Vieira ÉC, Garcia LC, De Carvalho-Leite MDLR, Guedes ACM, Araújo MG. Update on human papilloma virus - part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:1-16. [PMID: 33341319 PMCID: PMC7838122 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is related to a great number of cutaneous and mucosal manifestations. The spectrum of HPV ranges from inapparent infections, through various clinical benign presentations including cutaneous and mucosal disease, to malignant and premalignant conditions. New HPV types are currently described in the literature; many of them are characterized as high-risk types due to their oncogenic potential. Knowledge regarding their epidemiology and pathogenesis is important to understand not only infection and disease processes, but also to formulate the clinical and laboratory basis for diagnosis, therapeutics, and prophylactic measures. This non-systematic review aims to discuss and to update those aspects, with an emphasis on relevant topics for dermatologists. HPV infection and related diseases in the Brazilian scenario are highlighted, including common dermatologic conditions seen at clinics as well as the condition of a public health problem as a sexually transmitted infection. The oncogenicity of the virus and the variety of clinical outcomes - especially in the immunocompromised individuals - are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Magela Magalhães
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Cristina Vieira
- Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Campos Garcia
- Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Carlos Martins Guedes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Grossi Araújo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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26
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Pacheco GA, Bohmwald K, Berrios RV, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. The Role of Dendritic Cells During Infections Caused by Highly Prevalent Viruses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1513. [PMID: 32765522 PMCID: PMC7378533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of innate immune cells with major relevance in the establishment of an adaptive response, as they are responsible for the activation of lymphocytes. Since their discovery, several reports of their role during infectious diseases have been performed, highlighting their functions and their mechanisms of action. DCs can be categorized into different subsets, and each of these subsets expresses a wide arrange of receptors and molecules that aid them in the clearance of invading pathogens. Interferon (IFN) is a cytokine -a molecule of protein origin- strongly associated with antiviral immune responses. This cytokine is secreted by different cell types and is fundamental in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. Particularly, DCs are one of the most important immune cells that produce IFN, with type I IFNs (α and β) highlighting as the most important, as they are associated with viral clearance. Type I IFN secretion can be induced via different pathways, activated by various components of the virus, such as surface proteins or genetic material. These molecules can trigger the activation of the IFN pathway trough surface receptors, including IFNAR, TLR4, or some intracellular receptors, such as TLR7, TLR9, and TLR3. Here, we discuss various types of dendritic cells found in humans and mice; their contribution to the activation of the antiviral response triggered by the secretion of IFN, through different routes of the induction for this important antiviral cytokine; and as to how DCs are involved in human infections that are considered highly frequent nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas M S Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roslye V Berrios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Ouladlahsen A, Bensghir R, Baba H, Haddaji A, Abbadi I, Zaidane I, Badi H, Sodqi M, Marih L, Wakrim L, Marhoum El Filali K, Benjelloun S, Ezzikouri S. Lack of Association between IFNL3 Polymorphism and Human Papillomavirus Infection and Their Progression in HIV-Infected Women Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment. Pathobiology 2020; 87:262-267. [PMID: 32428907 DOI: 10.1159/000507763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that interferon-λ3 (IFNL3)might influence the pathogenesis and clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The impact of IFNL3 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on HPV infection is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between variants in the IFNL3 region and HPV infection in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS A total of 236 HIV patients, including 65 HPV-negative and 171 HPV DNA-positive women, were enrolled into this study. The IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism was genotyped using a predesigned TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS Data showed no significant differences in genotypes or allele frequencies between the HPV DNA-positive and the HPV-negative women (p > 0.05). After dividing the HPV-positive women according to cytology results into patients with abnormal and normal lesions, the genotype and allele distribution of the SNP did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism is not a major determinant of the susceptibility to HPV infection and their progression to abnormal cervical lesions in women living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahd Ouladlahsen
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rajaa Bensghir
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hanâ Baba
- Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Haddaji
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Islam Abbadi
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Zaidane
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hanan Badi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Sodqi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Latifa Marih
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Wakrim
- Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco,
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28
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Barra F, Della Corte L, Noberasco G, Foreste V, Riemma G, Di Filippo C, Bifulco G, Orsi A, Icardi G, Ferrero S. Advances in therapeutic vaccines for treating human papillomavirus-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:989-1006. [PMID: 32390320 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of the majority of cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) and cervical cancers. While prophylactic HPV vaccines prevent infections from the main high-risk HPV types associated with cervical cancer, alternative nonsurgical and nonablative therapeutics to treat HPV infection and preinvasive HPV diseases have been experimentally investigated. Therapeutic vaccines are an emerging investigational strategy. This review aims to introduce the results of the main clinical trials on the use of therapeutic vaccines for treating HPV infection and -related CIN, reporting the ongoing studies on this field. METHODS Data research was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, OVID and Cochrane Library querying for all articles related to therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of HPV-related CIN. Selection criteria included randomized clinical trials, nonrandomized controlled studies and review articles. RESULTS Preliminary data are available on the evaluation of therapeutic vaccines for treating cervical HPV infections and CIN. Despite having in vitro demonstrated to obtain humoral and cytotoxic responses, therapeutic vaccines have not yet clinically demonstrated consistent success; moreover, each class of therapeutic vaccines has advantages and limitations. Early clinical data are available in the literature for these compounds, except for MVA E2, which reached the phase III clinical trial status, obtaining positive clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Despite promising results, to date many obstacles are still present before hypothesize an introduction in the clinical practice within the next years. Further studies will draw a definitive conclusion on the role of therapeutic vaccines in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Barra
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Noberasco
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Virginia Foreste
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Riemma
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,HygieneUnit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,HygieneUnit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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29
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Tampa M, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Nicolae I, Dumitru A, Matei C, Manolescu L, Popa GL, Caruntu C, Georgescu SR. The Role of Beta HPV Types and HPV-Associated Inflammatory Processes in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5701639. [PMID: 32322596 PMCID: PMC7165336 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5701639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common form of skin cancer with a complex but not fully understood pathogenesis. Recent research suggests the role of beta human papillomavirus (HPV) types and HPV-associated inflammatory processes in cSCC development. Beta HPV types are components of the normal flora; however, under the influence of certain cofactors, the virus may trigger a malignant process. Dysregulation of the immune system (chronic inflammation and immunosuppression), environmental factors (ultraviolet radiation), and genetic factors are the most important cofactors involved in beta HPV-related carcinogenesis. In addition, the oncoproteins E6 and E7 of beta HPV types differ biochemically from their counterparts in the structure of alpha HPV types, resulting in different mechanisms of action in carcinogenesis. The aim of our manuscript is to present an updated point of view on the involvement of beta HPV types in cSCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Tampa
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Dumitru
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independenței, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Manolescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Loredana Popa
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Ștefan cel Mare, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. N. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 22-24 Gr. Manolescu, Bucharest 011233, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
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Ferreira AR, Ramalho AC, Marques M, Ribeiro D. The Interplay between Antiviral Signalling and Carcinogenesis in Human Papillomavirus Infections. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030646. [PMID: 32164347 PMCID: PMC7139948 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. While infection is generally asymptomatic and can be cleared by the host immune system, when persistence occurs, HPV can become a risk factor for malignant transformation. Progression to cancer is actually an unintended consequence of the complex HPV life cycle. Different antiviral defence mechanisms recognize HPV early in infection, leading to the activation of the innate immune response. However, the virus has evolved several specific strategies to efficiently evade the antiviral immune signalling. Here, we review and discuss the interplay between HPV and the host cell innate immunity. We further highlight the evasion strategies developed by different HPV to escape this cellular response and focus on the correlation with HPV-induced persistence and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-247 014; Fax: +351-234-372-587
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31
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Cheng Y, Yang S, Shen Y, Ding B, Wu W, Zhang Y, Liang G. The Role of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Prognosis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:645-653. [PMID: 32045269 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a malignant tumor that could seriously endanger women's life and health, of which cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) accounts for more than 80%. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the primary cause of CC. The 5-year survival rate is low due to poor prognosis. We need to explore the pathogenesis of CC and seek effective biomarkers to improve prognosis. The purpose of this research is to construct an HR-HPV-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature for predicting the survival and finding the biomarkers related to CC prognosis. First, we downloaded the CESC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to find HR-HPV-related lncRNAs in CC. Then, the differentially expressed lncRNAs were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Six lncRNAs were found to be associated with the prognosis and can be used as independent prognostic factors. Next, based on these prognostic genes, we established a risk score model, which showed that patients with higher score had poorer prognosis and higher mortality. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier curve of the model indicated that the model was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The survival-receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the model could also predict the survival of CC patients (the area under the curve, AUC = 0.65). More importantly, nomogram was drawn with clinical features and risk score, which verified the above conclusion, and its calibration curve and c-index index fully demonstrated that the prediction model could predict the progress of CC. We also validated the risk score model in head and neck cancer, and the results indicated that the model had obvious prognostic ability. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between clinical features and survival, and found that neoplasm cancer (p < 0.000) and risk score (p < 0.000) were independent prognostic factors for CC. In conclusion, the study established HR-HPV-related lncRNA signature, which provided a reliable prognostic tool, and was of great significance for finding the biomarkers related to HR-HPV infection in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ding
- Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Occupational Health, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou City, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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32
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Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Attitudes and Practices Towards Anti-HPV Vaccination Among Israeli Pediatricians, Gynecologists, and Internal Medicine Doctors: Development and Validation of an Ad Hoc Questionnaire. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040157. [PMID: 31640127 PMCID: PMC6963669 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly widespread virus which is responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Two main preventative strategies exist: anti-HPV vaccination and cervical screening. Health-care workers play a key role in promoting public health campaigns; however, vaccine hesitancy is an often under-recognized challenge. To investigate the overall knowledge of HPV and HPV-related issues, as well as the attitudes and practices of health professionals towards recommending the anti-HPV vaccine, an ad hoc knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) questionnaire was developed and validated in a sample of 139 Israeli pediatricians, gynecologists, and internal medicine doctors. The KAP questionnaire was found to be psychometrically valid and sound (with an rKR-20 coefficient of 0.74 for the second part and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85 for the third part). Furthermore, the present study confirmed the importance of health-care providers in recommending the immunization practice. Parents that had been strongly advised by health-care providers to vaccinate their children accepted immunization for their girls (odds ratio (OR) 1.09 (95% CI 1.04-1.14)) and boys (OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.02-1.10)), had a lower probability of deciding to postpone the immunization appointment (OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.66-0.98)), had fewer doubts and concerns about the vaccine (OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.54-0.89)), and had a lower probability of refusing the vaccination (OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.86-0.99)). Interestingly, the use of new, emerging tools such as ad hoc websites, applications, and other interactive devices reduced vaccine hesitancy (OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-0.99)) and concerns about the side-effects of the vaccine (OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.86-0.99)). However, among Israeli health-care workers, knowledge was generally moderate, with updated information lacking in about 30% of surveyed health-care providers and approximately 20% of them not recommending the anti-HPV vaccine among boys. This study has practical implications for policy- and decision-makers in that they should be aware of the overall level of knowledge among health-care workers and should implement ad hoc educational interventions to address gaps in knowledge and help medical providers routinely recommend the anti-HPV vaccine both to male and female children and adolescents.
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Gonthier C, Desportes C, Pretet JL, Azaïs H, Uzan C, Mergui JL, Canlorbe G. [HPV testing in the screening and follow-up of patients with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 47:747-752. [PMID: 31520818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the value of high-risk HPV (HR HPV) testing in screening and post-treatment follow-up of high-grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions (HSIL). METHODS A systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2019 was conducted including the following keywords: "human papilloma virus", "HPV testing", "cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion", "cervical cancer". RESULT Numerous recent randomized studies and meta-analyzes have concordant results in favor of HR HPV superiority over cervical smear in the screening and post-treatment monitoring of HSIL. In screening, the sensitivity of the HR HPV tests is 63% to 98% whereas that of the cervical smear is only 38% to 65% for the detection of HSIL+ (HSIL and invasive cancers). A negative HR HPV test is associated with less than 5% risk of LIEHG+at 6 years. In addition, after removal of a LIEHG, HR HPV tests have a sensitivity>90% and specificity>80% to predict treatment failure. After surgicale exision, a negative HR HPV test is associated with a risk of failure<2% (negative predictive value of 98%), and 12-25% if it is positive. CONCLUSIONS HR HPV tests are effective, allowing early detection of LIEHG+ identification of low-risk women in case of negative test, and a prediction of the risk of failure after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gonthier
- Service de chirurgie et oncologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - C Desportes
- Service de chirurgie et oncologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J-L Pretet
- EA3181 carcinogenèse associée aux HPV, laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Centre national de référence Papillomavirus, université Bourgogne Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, boulevard A.-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - H Azaïs
- Service de chirurgie et oncologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Uzan
- Service de chirurgie et oncologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Biologie et thérapeutique du Cancer, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - J-L Mergui
- Service de chirurgie et oncologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - G Canlorbe
- Service de chirurgie et oncologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Biologie et thérapeutique du Cancer, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne université, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
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Kukut Hatipoglu M, Mahjabeen S, Garcia-Contreras L. Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for SHetA2, a novel anti-cancer drug, in mouse biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 170:124-131. [PMID: 30921646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SHetA2 is a flexible heteroarotinoid that has the potential to prevent and treat lung, ovarian and cervical cancer without significant toxicity. A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to determine SHetA2 concentrations in the lungs, reproductive organs and plasma of mice. SHetA2 was extracted from these biological matrices by solid phase and liquid-liquid extraction in the presence of 4% H3PO4 and acetonitrile followed by filtration through a Captiva® filtration plate. Drug concentrations in the filtrates were quantified by a Waters HPLC Alliance system coupled with XBridge® C18 column, guard column and UV detection at 361 nm. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.25 N sodium acetate buffer (80:20, v/v) at pH: 3. SHetA2 was eluted after 5.35 and 6.14 min for tissues and plasma, respectively. Recovery of SHetA2 from biological samples was more than 95% of the spiked amount in tissues and more than 80% of the spiked amount in plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.005 μg/mL and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.025 μg/mL, which were 280 and 56 times lower than the predicted therapeutic concentration of SHetA2, respectively. The method was suitable to quantify SHetA2 concentrations in biological matrices from animal studies administering the drug by the vaginal, pulmonary and oral routes that had the purpose of determining the pharmacokinetic parameters of drug disposition. The HPLC method developed meets the ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline of a reliable, sensitive, reproducible and accurate method to be used in the determination of drug concentrations in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolya Kukut Hatipoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sanjida Mahjabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lucila Garcia-Contreras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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35
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Tosato Boldrini NA, Bondi Volpini LP, de Freitas LB, Musso C, Merçon de Vargas PR, Spano LC, Miranda AE. Anal HPV infection and correlates in HIV-infected patients attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection clinic in Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199058. [PMID: 29975716 PMCID: PMC6033400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the prevalence of anal HPV infection, genotype distribution, intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and correlates in a cohort of HIV-infected patients attending at Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) clinic in Brazil. Study design A descriptive analysis was performed which includes, demographic, behavioral and clinical data. Anal specimens from HIV-positive men and women were collected during a regular visit and they were used for cytology and histopathology tests, as well as for HPV molecular identification. Results A total of 223 patients (143 females and 80 males) were enrolled in the study and, HPV was identified in 68.6% of the sample. The frequency of HR-HPV, HPV16/18 and multiple HPV infection were similar in both groups. The upstream regulatory region (URR) sequencing was carried out in 38 samples identified as HPV16-positive, and European variants were the most frequent (69.2%), followed by Africans (25.6%) and Asiatic-Americans (5.1%). Having more than 20 sexual partners was associated with multiple HPV infection (p = 0.000) while, anal sex and the first intercourse before 15 years of age was a risk factor for any HPV infection (p = 0.001). Being MSM (men who have sex with men) was a risk factor for any HPV and multiple infections (p = 0.002). The CD4 count >500 cells/mm3 was a protective factor for the HPV16/18 (p = 0.048) and multiple infections (p = 0.023), and the undetectable viral load and HAART treatment were both protective for any HPV (p = 0.010), HR-HPV (p = 0.091) and multiple infections (p = 0.006). Abnormal anoscopy was found in 23.7% (53/223) of the total number of patients, and this was significantly associated with all types of investigated HPV infections (p<0.0001). Conclusions In this study, anal HPV infection was common among young HIV-positive men and women, particularly in MSM. Anal cancer screening in patients at risk, such as those who are HIV-positive, and mainly those with anal HPV infection and a history of STI, will increase the likelihood of detecting anal intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Aparecida Tosato Boldrini
- Post-Graduation Program in Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Lays Paula Bondi Volpini
- Post-Graduation Program in Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bueno de Freitas
- Post-Graduation Program in Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Carlos Musso
- Department of Pathology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Liliana Cruz Spano
- Post-Graduation Program in Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Angelica Espinosa Miranda
- Post-Graduation Program in Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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36
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Soares PC, Abdelhay ES, Thuler LCS, Soares BM, Demachki S, Ferro GVR, Assumpção PP, Lamarão LM, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Burbano RMR. HPV positive, wild type TP53, and p16 overexpression correlate with the absence of residual tumors after chemoradiotherapy in anal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:30. [PMID: 29466950 PMCID: PMC5822520 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anal residual tumors are consensually identified within six months of chemoradiotherapy and represent a persistent lesion that may have prognostic value for overall survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of HPV and HIV status, p16 expression level and TP53 mutations with the absence of residual tumors (local response) in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal after chemoradiotherapy. Methods We performed a study on 78 patients with SCC of the anal canal who submitted to chemoradiotherapy and were followed for a six-month period to identify the absence or presence of residual tumors. HPV DNA was identified by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, HIV RNA was detected by TaqMan amplification, p16 expression was detected by western blotting, and the mutational analysis of TP53 was performed by direct sequencing; additionally, samples carrying mutations underwent fluorescent in sit hybridization. The evaluation of the tumor response to treatment was conducted six months after the conclusion of chemoradiotherapy. The following classifications were used to evaluate the outcomes: a) no response (presence of residual tumor) and b) complete response (absence of residual tumor). Results The significant variables associated with the absence of residual tumors were HPV positive, p16 overexpressed, wild-type TP53, female gender, and stages I and II. Only the presence of HPV was independently correlated with the clinical response; this variable increased the chances of a response within six months by 31-fold. Conclusions The presence of HPV in tumor cells was correlated with the absence of a residual tumor. This correlation is valuable and can direct future therapeutic approaches in the anal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C Soares
- Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Pará, 66060-281, Brazil. .,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Bruno Moreira Soares
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo P Assumpção
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano
- Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Pará, 66060-281, Brazil.,Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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