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Izquierdo Lafuente B, Verboom T, Coenraads S, Ummels R, Bitter W, Speer A. Vitamin B 12 uptake across the mycobacterial outer membrane is influenced by membrane permeability in Mycobacterium marinum. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0316823. [PMID: 38722177 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03168-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (B12) serves as a critical cofactor within mycobacterial metabolism. While some pathogenic strains can synthesize B12 de novo, others rely on host-acquired B12. In this investigation, we studied the transport of vitamin B12 in Mycobacterium marinum using B12-auxotrophic and B12-sensitive strains by deleting metH or metE, respectively. These two enzymes rely on B12 in different ways to function as methionine synthases. We used these strains to select mutants affecting B12 scavenging and confirmed their phenotypes during growth experiments in vitro. Our analysis of B12 uptake mechanisms revealed that membrane lipids and cell wall integrity play an essential role in cell envelope transport. Furthermore, we identified a potential transcription regulator that responds to B12. Our study demonstrates that M. marinum can take up exogenous B12 and that altering mycobacterial membrane integrity affects B12 uptake. Finally, during zebrafish infection using B12-auxotrophic and B12-sensitive strains, we found that B12 is available for virulent mycobacteria in vivo.IMPORTANCEOur study investigates how mycobacteria acquire essential vitamin B12. These microbes, including those causing tuberculosis, face challenges in nutrient uptake due to their strong outer layer. We focused on Mycobacterium marinum, similar to TB bacteria, to uncover its vitamin B12 absorption. We used modified strains unable to produce their own B12 and discovered that M. marinum can indeed absorb it from the environment, even during infections. Changes in the outer layer composition affect this process, and genes related to membrane integrity play key roles. These findings illuminate the interaction between mycobacteria and their environment, offering insights into combatting diseases like tuberculosis through innovative strategies. Our concise research underscores the pivotal role of vitamin B12 in microbial survival and its potential applications in disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Izquierdo Lafuente
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Verboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sita Coenraads
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Ummels
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Speer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xianyu F, Huang Y, Guo S, Chongsuvivatwong V. Evaluating Treatment Outcomes and Tuberculosis Infection Risks: A Comparative Study of Centralized Hospitalization vs. Home-Based Treatment. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:119. [PMID: 38787052 PMCID: PMC11125710 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Guizhou Province in Southwest China has experimented with a centralized hospitalization (CH) treatment for active and severe cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The objective of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis (TB) receiving care in a CH setting with those receiving home-based (HB) care. In addition, this study aimed to assess the probability of their household contacts contracting tuberculosis infection. Method: A retrospective review of medical records was undertaken for patients with TB who completed their treatment in four counties in Guizhou, China, spanning from January 2022 to August 2023. In addition, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on the tuberculin skin test (TST) among household contacts of new patients with TB who had completed their treatment. Results: In the retrospective study, 94.8% had successful CH treatment, and 93.1% had successful HB treatment (p value = 0.70). In the prospective study, 559 and 448 household contacts of patients receiving CH treatment had 16 positive and 89 negative TST results, whereas those with HB treatment showed 26 positive and 74 negative TST results. Regarding a logistic regression analysis, the CH group was nearly two times more likely to test negative on the TST, 1.95 (95% CI: 0.98, 3.92). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds ratio increased significantly to 4.42 (95% CI: 1.22, 16.04). Conclusions: CH for treatment of TB did not show superior success rates, but it may reduce the risk of transmitting tuberculosis infection to household contacts compared to home treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Xianyu
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Yuemei Huang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China
| | - Shengqiong Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
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Tongkanarak K, Loupiac C, Neiers F, Chambin O, Srichana T. Evaluating the biomolecular interaction between delamanid/formulations and human serum albumin by fluorescence, CD spectroscopy and SPR: Effects on protein conformation, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113964. [PMID: 38761495 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Delamanid is an anti-tuberculosis drug used for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Since delamanid has a high protein bound potential, even patients with low albumin levels should experience high and rapid delamanid clearance. However, the interaction between delamanid and albumin should be better controlled to optimize drug efficacy. This study was designed to evaluate the binding characteristics of delamanid to human serum albumin (HSA) using various methods: fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and molecular docking simulation. The fluorescence emission band without any shift indicated the interaction was not affected by the polarity of the fluorophore microenvironment. The reduction of fluorescence intensity at 344 nm was proportional to the increment of delamanid concentration as a fluorescence quencher. UV-absorbance measurement at the maximum wavelength (λmax, 280 nm) was evaluated using inner filter effect correction. The HSA conformation change was explained by the intermolecular energy transfer between delamanid and HSA during complex formation. The study, which was conducted at temperatures of 298 K, 303 K, and 310 K, revealed a static quenching mechanism that correlated with a decreased of bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq) and binding constant (Ka) at increased temperatures. The Ka was 1.75-3.16 × 104 M-1 with a specific binding site with stoichiometry 1:1. The negative enthalpy change, negative entropy change, and negative Gibbs free energy change demonstrated an exothermic-spontaneous reaction while van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds played a vital role in the binding. The molecular displacement approach and molecular docking confirmed that the binding occurred mainly in subdomain IIA, which is a hydrophobic pocket of HSA, with a theoretical binding free energy of -9.33 kcal/mol. SPR exhibited a real time negative sensorgram that resulted from deviation of the reflex angle due to ligand delamanid-HSA complex forming. The binding occurred spontaneously after delamanid was presented to the HSA surface. The SPR mathematical fitting model revealed that the association rate constant (kon) was 2.62 × 108 s-1M-1 and the dissociation rate constant (koff) was 5.65 × 10-3 s-1. The complexes were performed with an association constant (KA) of 4.64 × 1010 M-1 and the dissociation constant (KD) of 2.15 × 10-11 M. The binding constant indicated high binding affinity and high stability of the complex in an equilibrium. Modified CD spectra revealed that conformation of the HSA structure was altered by the presence of delamanid during preparation of the proliposomes that led to the reduction of secondary structure stabilization. This was indicated by the percentage decrease of α-helix. These findings are beneficial to understanding delamanid-HSA binding characteristics as well as the drug administration regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittawan Tongkanarak
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Camille Loupiac
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche - Comté, L'Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, Joint Unit Food Processing and Microbiology, Food and Wine Physico-Chemistry Unit, 1 esplanade Erasme, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanisms (Flavours), Université de Bourgogne, 7 bd Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Odile Chambin
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche - Comté, L'Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, UMR PAM 1517, Joint Unit Food Processing and Microbiology, Food and Wine Physico-Chemistry Unit, 1 esplanade Erasme, Dijon 21000, France; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, 7 bd Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon Cedex 21079, France
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Khursheed S, Wazir S, Saleem MK, Majeed AI, Ahmad M, Khan QU, Jadoon A, Akbar A, Jadoon SK, Tasneem S, Saleem H, Khan MS, Alvi S. Tuberculosis prevalence and demographic characteristics of population in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan): A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37787. [PMID: 38608068 PMCID: PMC11018243 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious problem for public health and a leading cause of death after COVID-19 and superior to even HIV/AIDS. It is a social health issue and can cause stigma and economic loss as the person cannot perform professionally due to lethargy caused by disease. It is a retrospective study done on data from National TB program Muzaffarabad chapter. The details were noted on SPSS and analysis was done to find important demographic characteristics. The total number of patients was 3441; among which 48.76% were males. Most of them (81.11%) belonged to the Muzaffarabad division of Azad Jammu and Kahmir (AJK). The microbiologically or culture positive cases were 440. Rifampicin resistance was present in 147 cases, further categorized as high (n = 143), very high (n = 3), or true positive (n = 1) resistance. Muti drug resistance was found in 19 cases. The microscopy culture is more sensitive (AUC = 0.511) than MTB/RIF or serology (AUC = 0.502) according to ROC. The rate of positive smear results is not very satisfactory in the present study as it cannot detect dormant or latent cases. There is a need to establish more sensitive tests for detection of cases and more research to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Wazir
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Science, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khurram Saleem
- University Hospital, Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mumtaz Ahmad
- Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences, Muzaffarabad, AJK, Pakistan
| | | | - Arzu Jadoon
- Ziauddin University Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Akbar
- CHPE Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Saleem Khan
- Chief Consultant Physician/Head of Department of Medicine DHQ Teaching, Hospital Kotli AJK, Kotli, Pakistan
| | - Sarosh Alvi
- Teaching Faculty, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Sheereen S, Manva MZ, Sheereen S, Patil NN. Exploring the Oral Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Oral Lesions. Int J Mycobacteriol 2024; 13:53-57. [PMID: 38771280 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_224_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to report all cases of oral tuberculosis (TB), a rare manifestation of the fatal infectious disease primarily affecting the pulmonary system. The report also evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of oral TB lesions. METHODS A total of 25 patients who presented with oral lesions between August 2013 and August 2023 were diagnosed with TB through surgical biopsy despite having no prior history of the disease. Their clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed for further study. RESULTS In a study of 25 patients with oral TB, all patients were found to have the disease, with 16 males and 9 females affected. The gender distribution was skewed toward males, with a 1.77 male-to-female ratio. Twelve cases of the affected sites were reported in the mandible, six cases in the buccal mucosa, four in the lips, two in the gingiva, and one in the tongue. The age range of affected patients was 0-70 years old, and all lesions were indicative of primary TB. The appearance of the affected mucosa varied, with ulceration and swelling being the most common manifestations. CONCLUSION Patients who present with oral ulcerations and swellings should be evaluated for the possibility of TB. To confirm and differentiate this condition from other diseases, obtaining a biopsy specimen for histological analysis and performing acid-fast stains and cultures is recommended. These tests will enable a precise diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazima Sheereen
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohnish Zulfikar Manva
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Cimai Medical Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamama Sheereen
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Namrata N Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital, Post Graduate Research Centre, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
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Zhou Y, Zhang L. The interplay between copper metabolism and microbes: in perspective of host copper-dependent ATPases ATP7A/B. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1267931. [PMID: 38106478 PMCID: PMC10723777 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1267931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper, a vital element in various physiological processes, is transported from the gastrointestinal tract to tissues and cells through diverse copper transporters. Among these transporters, ATP7A and ATP7B play significant roles in regulating systemic copper metabolism and exhibit precise regulation in their intracellular trafficking. These transporters undergo dynamic shuttling between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane via the endocytic recycling mechanism, which involves the retromer and other associated factors. Interestingly, the antimicrobial attribute of copper implies a potential connection between microbial infection and copper metabolism. Several microbes, including Salmonella enterica, Cryptococcus, Influenza A virus (IAV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have been observed to impact the regulatory mechanisms of ATP7A/B, either directly or indirectly, as a means of survival. This review summarizes the key features and trafficking mechanisms of the copper transporters ATP7A/B, and examines the intricate interplay between microbes and copper metabolism. Ultimately, it highlights how microbes can perturb copper homeostasis through interactions with host factors, offering valuable insights into the mechanistic aspects of host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Sajjad F, Baloch MF, Ashraf M, Gillespie CS, Umar H, Zafar A, Zulfiqar J, Ullah I, Ali S, Ashraf N. Focal dystonia and ataxic hemiparesis as the initial presentation of a thalamic tuberculoma: A diagnostic challenge in an immunocompetent pediatric patient. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:350. [PMID: 37810325 PMCID: PMC10559370 DOI: 10.25259/sni_581_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculomas are rare and account for approximately 1% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases. These intracranial lesions are more commonly observed in immunocompromised individuals, often as part of disseminated miliary TB or after latent infection reactivation. This case report presents the occurrence of a thalamic tuberculoma in an immunocompetent girl. Case Description An 11-year-old girl presented with a 3-month history of progressive right-sided ataxic hemiparesis, hand dystonia/thalamic hand, and headache. There was only a mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (25 mm/h.), and her remaining biochemistry and vitals were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain revealed an ill-defined intra-axial heterogeneous lobulated lesion with crenated margins involving the thalamus and the posterior limb of the internal capsule with significant vasogenic edema. Given the clinical picture, the working diagnosis was a high-grade brain tumor. Due to the absence of a viable operative corridor for a meaningful resection and the diagnostic uncertainty, a stereotactic biopsy was performed, and histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of granulomas consistent with TB. A human immunodeficiency virus test (negative) and interferon-gamma release assay (positive) were then obtained. The patient was commenced on a regimen of anti-TB drugs with a tapering steroid dose. At 8 months, her most recent MRI showed a significant reduction in the size of her tuberculoma, and there is a complete resolution of her hand dystonia and hemiparesis to allow for independence in her activities of daily living. Conclusion This report emphasizes the importance of considering causes other than degenerative, vascular, or neoplasms in patients with hemiparesis with dystonia. CNS tuberculomas can present as such without prior history or specific clinical symptoms of TB, making them a diagnostic challenge. In cases with such uncertainty regarding the nature of an intracranial lesion and the role of resection, a stereotactic biopsy is invaluable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Sajjad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Ashraf
- Wolfson School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Conor S. Gillespie
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hira Umar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Zafar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Zulfiqar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Ullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zarembaitė G, Žiūkaitė G, Chmieliauskas S, Vasiljevaitė D, Laima S, Stasiūnienė J. Tuberculosis and Sudden Death in Lithuania. Acta Med Litu 2023; 30:152-162. [PMID: 38516517 PMCID: PMC10952429 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2023.30.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. 10.6 million people fell ill in 2021 and 1.6 million died from the disease. Lithuania has the third-highest tuberculosis incidence rate per 100,000 and the second-highest mortality rate per 100,000 in EU/EEA countries. During 2015-2021 years, there were 799 deaths of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lithuania. However, the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis is often unknown before death and is only revealed during autopsy. The aim of the study is to review current literature on this topic and present statistical analysis on evaluated socioeconomical, epidemiological indicators, as well as autopsy findings that may suggest pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Materials and methods This research was designed as a retrospective study focusing on full forensic pathology autopsies between 2015 and 2021. Of these, 100 cases were randomly selected where the cause of death was tuberculosis diagnosed during post-mortem examination and compared to a control group consisting of 415 cases of sudden death. Results The study revealed that out of 100 pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 90% were male with the mean age of 53.48 ± 11.12 years old. In the case of sudden death where tuberculosis was found, a significant portion of the sample (91%) was not followed up at any medical institution. Regarding socioeconomic factors, a moderate negative correlation between Lithuania's gross domestic product and tuberculosis distribution was observed, as well as a weak negative correlation between alcohol consumption (l per capita) in the general population and tuberculosis distribution. The lung weight of the pulmonary tuberculosis group was statistically significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusions Tuberculosis remains a major problem in Lithuania and the combination of socioeconomic indicators determines the prevalence of tuberculosis in the country. In cases of sudden death, autopsy helps to identify tuberculosis cases that have not been clinically detected and ensures tuberculosis monitoring. Therefore, the person who performs autopsy remains at high risk of contracting tuberculosis. Furthermore, extreme caution is advised if higher lung weight or hardenings are seen during autopsy because of the possibility of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sigitas Chmieliauskas
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Vasiljevaitė
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Laima
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Stasiūnienė
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Jin Y, Hu S, Feng J, Ni J. Clinical Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Using Spinal Tissue in the Rapid Diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3305-3313. [PMID: 37274359 PMCID: PMC10237199 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s410914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for rapid diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis using spinal tissue specimens. Methods Medical data regarding suspected spinal tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) of mNGS were calculated to determine its diagnostic efficacy, and these values were compared with culture and composite reference standard (CRS). Results Two hundred and three cases of spinal tuberculosis were included for analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC of mNGS compared with culture were all very good. When CRS was used for the comparison, the sensitivity of mNGS and culture were 71.2% and 73.0%; the specificity and PPV were 100% in all cases; the NPV were 74.2% and 75.4%; the AUCs were all 0.86. The sensitivity and NPV of culture were slightly higher than that of mNGS; however, the diagnostic efficacy of mNGS and culture was consistent (P > 0.05). Conclusion Spinal tissue specimens for mNGS testing had very good accuracy for diagnosing spinal tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengping Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junkai Feng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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D’Halluin A, Polgar P, Kipkorir T, Patel Z, Cortes T, Arnvig KB. Premature termination of transcription is shaped by Rho and translated uORFS in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. iScience 2023; 26:106465. [PMID: 37096044 PMCID: PMC10122055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the decisions behind transcription elongation versus termination in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB). By applying Term-seq to M.TB we found that the majority of transcription termination is premature and associated with translated regions, i.e., within previously annotated or newly identified open reading frames. Computational predictions and Term-seq analysis, upon depletion of termination factor Rho, suggests that Rho-dependent transcription termination dominates all transcription termination sites (TTS), including those associated with regulatory 5' leaders. Moreover, our results suggest that tightly coupled translation, in the form of overlapping stop and start codons, may suppress Rho-dependent termination. This study provides detailed insights into novel M.TB cis-regulatory elements, where Rho-dependent, conditional termination of transcription and translational coupling together play major roles in gene expression control. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the fundamental regulatory mechanisms that enable M.TB adaptation to the host environment offering novel potential points of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre D’Halluin
- Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter Polgar
- Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Terry Kipkorir
- Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Zaynah Patel
- Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Teresa Cortes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Kristine B. Arnvig
- Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Corresponding author
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Phage Display-Derived Peptides and Antibodies for Bacterial Infectious Diseases Therapy and Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062621. [PMID: 36985593 PMCID: PMC10052323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant-bacteria is a serious public health threat, which prompts us to speed up the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Phage display technology has great potential to screen peptides or antibodies with high binding capacities for a wide range of targets. This property is significant in the rapid search for new antibacterial agents for the control of bacterial resistance. In this paper, we not only summarized the recent progress of phage display for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents, identification of action sites of bacterial target proteins, and rapid detection of different pathogens, but also discussed several problems of this technology that must be solved. Breakthrough in these problems may further promote the development and application of phage display technology in the biomedical field in the future.
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Ye S, Wang L, Li S, Ding Q, Wang Y, Wan X, Ji X, Lou Y, Li X. The correlation between dysfunctional intestinal flora and pathology feature of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1090889. [PMID: 36619765 PMCID: PMC9811264 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1090889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have provided insights into the important contribution of gut microbiota in the development of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). As a chronic consumptive infectious disease, PTB involves many pathological characteristics. At present, research on intestinal flora and clinical pathological Index of PTB is still rare. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in 63 healthy controls (HCs) and 69 patients with untreated active PTB to assess the differences in their microbiota in feces via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Significant alteration of microbial taxonomic and functional capacity was observed in PTB as compared to the HCs. The results showed that the alpha diversity indexes of the PTB patients were lower than the HCs (P<0.05). Beta diversity showed differences between the two groups (P<0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Veillonella increased, while Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Agathobacter and CAG-352 decreased significantly in the PTB group, when compared with the HCs. The six combined genera, including Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dorea, Monnoglobus and [Eubacterium]_ventriosum_group might be a set of diagnostic biomarkers for PTB (AUC=0.90). Besides, the predicted bacterial functional pathway had a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), which was mainly related to the nutrient metabolism pathway. Significant alterations in the biochemical index were associated with changes in the relative abundance of specific bacteria, the short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria enriched in HCs had a positively correlated with most of the biochemical indexes. Discussion Our study indicated that the gut microbiota in PTB patients was significantly different from HCs as characterized by the composition and metabolic pathway, which related to the change of biochemical indexes in the PTB group. It was hypothesized that the abovementioned changes in the gut microbiota could exert an impact on the clinical characteristics of PTB through the regulation of the nutrient utilization pathway of the host by way of the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Ye
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengkai Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyong Ding
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxin Wan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xiang Li, ; Yongliang Lou,
| | - Xiang Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xiang Li, ; Yongliang Lou,
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13
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Dartois VA, Rubin EJ. Anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development: challenges and priorities. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:685-701. [PMID: 35478222 PMCID: PMC9045034 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite two decades of intensified research to understand and cure tuberculosis disease, biological uncertainties remain and hamper progress. However, owing to collaborative initiatives including academia, the pharmaceutical industry and non-for-profit organizations, the drug candidate pipeline is promising. This exceptional success comes with the inherent challenge of prioritizing multidrug regimens for clinical trials and revamping trial designs to accelerate regimen development and capitalize on drug discovery breakthroughs. Most wanted are markers of progression from latent infection to active pulmonary disease, markers of drug response and predictors of relapse, in vitro tools to uncover synergies that translate clinically and animal models to reliably assess the treatment shortening potential of new regimens. In this Review, we highlight the benefits and challenges of 'one-size-fits-all' regimens and treatment duration versus individualized therapy based on disease severity and host and pathogen characteristics, considering scientific and operational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique A Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, and Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Eric J Rubin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Craggs PD, de Carvalho LPS. Bottlenecks and opportunities in antibiotic discovery against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 69:102191. [PMID: 35970040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a major global health issue and a leading cause of death by a single infectious agent. The global burden of TB is further exacerbated by the continuing emergence and dissemination of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to multiple antibiotics. The need for novel drugs that can be used to shorten the course for current TB drug regimens as well as combat the persistent threat of antibiotic resistance has never been greater. There have been significant advances in the discovery of de novo TB treatments, with the first TB-specific drugs in 45 years approved for use. However, there are still issues that restrict the pipeline of new antitubercular chemotherapies. The rate of failure of TB drug candidates in clinical trials remains high, while the validation of new TB drug targets and subsequent identification of novel inhibitors remains modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Craggs
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; GSK-Francis Crick Institute Linklabs, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Pedro S de Carvalho
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.
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15
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Krishnamoorthy G, Kaiser P, Constant P, Abu Abed U, Schmid M, Frese CK, Brinkmann V, Daffé M, Kaufmann SHE. Role of Premycofactocin Synthase in Growth, Microaerophilic Adaptation, and Metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mBio 2021; 12:e0166521. [PMID: 34311585 PMCID: PMC8406134 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01665-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycofactocin is a new class of peptide-derived redox cofactors present in a selected group of bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycofactocin biosynthesis requires at least six genes, including mftD, encoding putative lactate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the penultimate biosynthetic step. Cellular functions remained unknown until recent reports on the significance of mycofactocin in primary alcohol metabolism. Here, we show that mftD transcript levels were increased in hypoxia-adapted M. tuberculosis; however, mftD functionality was found likely dispensable for l-lactate metabolism. Targeted deletion of mftD reduced the survival of M. tuberculosis in in vitro and in vivo hypoxia models but increased the bacterial growth in glucose-containing broth as well as in the lungs and spleens, albeit modestly, of aerosol-infected C57BL/6J mice. The cause of this growth advantage remains unestablished; however, the mftD-deficient M. tuberculosis strain had reduced NAD(H)/NADP(H) levels and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity with no impairment in phthiocerol dimycocerosate lipid synthesis. An ultrastructural examination of parental and mycofactocin biosynthesis gene mutants in M. tuberculosis, M. marinum, and M. smegmatis showed no altered cell morphology and size except the presence of outer membrane-bound fibril-like features only in a mutant subpopulation. A cell surface-protein analysis of M. smegmatis mycofactocin biosynthesis mutants with trypsin revealed differential abundances of a subset of proteins that are known to interact with mycofactocin and their homologs that can enhance protein aggregation or amyloid-like fibrils in riboflavin-starved eukaryotic cells. In sum, phenotypic analyses of the mutant strain implicate the significance of MftD/mycofactocin in M. tuberculosis growth and persistence in its host. IMPORTANCE Characterization of proteins with unknown functions is a critical research priority as the intracellular growth and metabolic state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, remain poorly understood. Mycofactocin is a peptide-derived redox cofactor present in almost all mycobacterial species; however, its functional relevance in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis and host survival has never been studied experimentally. In this study, we examine the phenotypes of an M. tuberculosis mutant strain lacking a key mycofactocin biosynthesis gene in in vitro and disease-relevant mouse models. Our results pinpoint the multifaceted role of mycofactocin in M. tuberculosis growth, hypoxia adaptation, glucose metabolism, and redox homeostasis. This evidence strongly implies that mycofactocin could fulfill specialized biochemical functions that increase the survival fitness of mycobacteria within their specific niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peggy Kaiser
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Constant
- Département Tuberculose & Biologie des Infections, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ulrike Abu Abed
- Core Facility Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schmid
- Core Facility Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Volker Brinkmann
- Core Facility Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mamadou Daffé
- Département Tuberculose & Biologie des Infections, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Sharma A, De Rosa M, Singla N, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Pandey A. Tuberculosis: An Overview of the Immunogenic Response, Disease Progression, and Medicinal Chemistry Efforts in the Last Decade toward the Development of Potential Drugs for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Strains. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4359-4395. [PMID: 33826327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a slow growing, potentially debilitating disease that has plagued humanity for centuries and has claimed numerous lives across the globe. Concerted efforts by researchers have culminated in the development of various strategies to combat this malady. This review aims to raise awareness of the rapidly increasing incidences of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, highlighting the significant modifications that were introduced in the TB treatment regimen over the past decade. A description of the role of pathogen-host immune mechanisms together with strategies for prevention of the disease is discussed. The struggle to develop novel drug therapies has continued in an effort to reduce the treatment duration, improve patient compliance and outcomes, and circumvent TB resistance mechanisms. Herein, we give an overview of the extensive medicinal chemistry efforts made during the past decade toward the discovery of new chemotypes, which are potentially active against TB-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.,UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Maria De Rosa
- Drug Discovery Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi P Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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17
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Danelishvili L, Armstrong E, Miyasako E, Jeffrey B, Bermudez LE. Exposure of Mycobacterium avium subsp. homonissuis to Metal Concentrations of the Phagosome Environment Enhances the Selection of Persistent Subpopulation to Antibiotic Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120927. [PMID: 33352715 PMCID: PMC7767021 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen causing infections in individuals with chronic lung conditions and patients with immune-deficient disorders. The treatment of MAH infections is prolonged and outcomes many times are suboptimal. The reason for the extended treatment is complex and reflects the inability of current antimicrobials to clear diverse phenotypes of MAH quickly, particularly, the subpopulation of susceptible but drug-tolerant bacilli where the persistent fitness to anti-MAH drugs is stimulated and enhanced by the host environmental stresses. In order to enhance the pathogen killing, we need to understand the fundamentals of persistence mechanism and conditions that can initiate the drug-tolerance phenotype in mycobacteria. MAH can influence the intracellular environment through manipulation of the metal concentrations in the phagosome of infected macrophages. While metals play important role and are crucial for many cellular functions, little is known how vacuole elements influence persistence state of MAH during intracellular growth. In this study, we utilized the in vitro model mimicking the metal concentrations and pH of MAH phagosome at 1 h and 24 h post-infection to distinguish if metals encountered in phagosome could act as a trigger factor for persistence phenotype. Antibiotic treatment of metal mix exposed MAH demonstrates that metals of the phagosome environment can enhance the persistence state, and greater number of tolerant bacteria is recovered from the 24 h metal mix when compared to the viable pathogen number in the 1 h metal mix and 7H9 growth control. In addition, bacterial phenotype induced by the 24 h metal mix increases MAH tolerance to macrophage killing in TNF-α and IFN-γ activated cells, confirming presence of persistent MAH in the 24 h metal mix condition. This work shows that the phagosome environment can promote persistence population in MAH, and that the population differs dependent on a concentration of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Danelishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.A.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (L.E.B.); Tel.: +1-(541)-737-6544 (L.D.); +1-(541)-737-6532 (L.E.B.); Fax: +1-(541)-737-2730 (L.D.); +1-(541)-737-2730 (L.E.B.)
| | - Elyssa Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Emily Miyasako
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Brendan Jeffrey
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
| | - Luiz E. Bermudez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.A.); (E.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (L.E.B.); Tel.: +1-(541)-737-6544 (L.D.); +1-(541)-737-6532 (L.E.B.); Fax: +1-(541)-737-2730 (L.D.); +1-(541)-737-2730 (L.E.B.)
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18
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Baena A, Vasco E, Pastrana M, Alzate JF, Barrera LF, Martínez A. New Conjugated Compound T5 Epidioxy-Sterol-ANB Inhibits the Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Affecting the Cholesterol and Folate Pathways. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:537935. [PMID: 33072006 PMCID: PMC7533559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.537935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The upsurge and persistence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an important limitant to the battery of drugs available for the elimination of tuberculosis (TB). To avoid future scarcity of antibiotics against Mtb, it is important to discover new effective anti-mycobacterial agents. In this study, we present data from a series of experiments to determine in vitro and in vivo anti-mycobacterial activity of a library of epidioxy-sterol analogs. We test 15 compounds for their ability to reduce the viability of Mtb. We found that one compound called T5 epidioxy-sterol-ANB display significant potency against Mtb in vitro specifically inside macrophages but without effectivity in axenic cultures. A viability assay confirms that this T5 compound is less toxic for macrophages in vitro as compared to the current Mtb drug Rifampicin at higher concentrations. We use a transcriptomic analysis of Mtb inside macrophages after T5 epidioxy-sterol-ANB treatment, and we found a significant down-regulation of enzymes involved in the cholesterol and folic acid pathways. In vivo, significant differences were found in the lungs and spleen CFUs of Mtb infected mice treated with the T5 epidioxy-sterol-ANB as compared with the untreated control group, which provides additional evidence of the effectivity of the T5 compound. Altogether these results confirm the potential of this T5 epidioxy-sterol-ANB compound against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Baena
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Emanuel Vasco
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuel Pastrana
- Grupo de Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Grupo de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis F Barrera
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Grupo de Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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