1
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Lommatzsch M, Nair P, Virchow JC. Normal Blood Eosinophil Counts in Humans. Respiration 2024; 103:214-216. [PMID: 38354723 PMCID: PMC10997252 DOI: 10.1159/000537833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Lommatzsch
- Department of Pneumology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Brüggemann TR, Peh HY, Tavares LP, Nijmeh J, Shay AE, Rezende RM, Lanser TB, Serhan CN, Levy BD. Eosinophil Phenotypes Are Functionally Regulated by Resolvin D2 during Allergic Lung Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:666-677. [PMID: 37552821 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) reside in multiple organs during homeostasis and respond rapidly to an inflammatory challenge. Although Eos share chemical staining properties, they also demonstrate phenotypic and functional plasticity that is not fully understood. Here, we used a murine model of allergic lung inflammation to characterize Eos subsets and determine their spatiotemporal and functional regulation during inflammation and its resolution in response to resolvin D2 (RvD2), a potent specialized proresolving mediator. Two Eos subsets were identified by CD101 expression with distinct anatomic localization and transcriptional signatures at baseline and during inflammation. CD101low Eos were predominantly located in a lung vascular niche and responded to allergen challenge by moving into the lung interstitium. CD101high Eos were predominantly located in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and extravascular lung, only present during inflammation, and had transcriptional evidence for cell activation. RvD2 reduced total Eos numbers and changed their phenotype and activation by at least two distinct mechanisms: decreasing interleukin 5-dependent recruitment of CD101low Eos and decreasing conversion of CD101low Eos to CD101high Eos. Collectively, these findings indicate that Eos are a heterogeneous pool of cells with distinct activation states and spatiotemporal regulation during resolution of inflammation and that RvD2 is a potent proresolving mediator for Eos recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Toby B Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
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3
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Al-madani H, Du H, Yao J, Peng H, Yao C, Jiang B, Wu A, Yang F. Living Sample Viability Measurement Methods from Traditional Assays to Nanomotion. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:453. [PMID: 35884256 PMCID: PMC9313330 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Living sample viability measurement is an extremely common process in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological fields, especially drug pharmacology and toxicology detection. Nowadays, there are a number of chemical, optical, and mechanical methods that have been developed in response to the growing demand for simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable real-time living sample viability assessment. In parallel, the development trend of viability measurement methods (VMMs) has increasingly shifted from traditional assays towards the innovative atomic force microscope (AFM) oscillating sensor method (referred to as nanomotion), which takes advantage of the adhesion of living samples to an oscillating surface. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the common VMMs, laying emphasis on their benefits and drawbacks, as well as evaluating the potential utility of VMMs. In addition, we discuss the nanomotion technique, focusing on its applications, sample attachment protocols, and result display methods. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives on nanomotion are commented on, mainly emphasizing scientific restrictions and development orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Al-madani
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Du
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junlie Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
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4
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Pizzi M, Binotto G, Rigoni Savioli G, Dei Tos AP, Orazi A. Of drills and bones: Giovanni Ghedini and the origin of bone marrow biopsy. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:943-952. [PMID: 35510703 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) studies are pivotal for the diagnosis of haematological disorders. Their introduction into clinical haematology dates back to the work of Giovanni Ghedini (1877-1959), an Italian physician who first conceived BM sampling in 1908. Ghedini's proposal stemmed from his clinical experience and from the scientific developments that characterised his epoch. By presenting selected passages of Ghedini's publications, this report considers the theoretical and historical bases of his work and analyses its practical implications for modern haematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianni Binotto
- Haematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Rigoni Savioli
- Central Medical Library 'Vincenzo Pinali' - Section of Ancient Books and Special Collections, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
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5
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Buja LM. The cell theory and cellular pathology: Discovery, refinements and applications fundamental to advances in biology and medicine. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 121:104660. [PMID: 34116021 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the developments leading up to the establishment of the cell theory and cellular pathology and their subsequent refinements and applications while focusing on the individuals who have made seminal advances in the field. The links between cell biology, cell pathology and cell injury research are emphasized. Recognition also is given to the importance of technological advances in microscopy, histology, biochemical and molecular methods for discovery in cell biology and cell pathology. Particular attention is focused on the work of Rudolph Virchow and his former students in the formulation of the cell theory in biology and pathology and John F. R. Kerr and colleagues who identified and developed a comprehensive characterization of apoptosis, thereby giving impetus to the contemporary field of cell injury research. Cell injury research remains an important and fruitful field of ongoing inquiry and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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6
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McKenna E, Mhaonaigh AU, Wubben R, Dwivedi A, Hurley T, Kelly LA, Stevenson NJ, Little MA, Molloy EJ. Neutrophils: Need for Standardized Nomenclature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:602963. [PMID: 33936029 PMCID: PMC8081893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.602963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cell with critical anti-microbial functions. Since the discovery of granulocytes at the end of the nineteenth century, the cells have been given many names including phagocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC), low density neutrophils (LDN) and tumor associated neutrophils (TANS). This lack of standardized nomenclature for neutrophils suggest that biologically distinct populations of neutrophils exist, particularly in disease, when in fact these may simply be a manifestation of the plasticity of the neutrophil as opposed to unique populations. In this review, we profile the surface markers and granule expression of each stage of granulopoiesis to offer insight into how each stage of maturity may be identified. We also highlight the remarkable surface marker expression profiles between the supposed neutrophil populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen McKenna
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Richard Wubben
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amrita Dwivedi
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, TTMI, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tim Hurley
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynne A Kelly
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J Stevenson
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Viral Immunology Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Mark A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, TTMI, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, CHI at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Nazaroff CD, LeSuer WE, Masuda MY, Pyon G, Lacy P, Jacobsen EA. Assessment of Lung Eosinophils In Situ Using Immunohistological Staining. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:237-266. [PMID: 33226599 PMCID: PMC7869952 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are rare white blood cells that are recruited from circulation to accumulate in the lung in mouse models of allergic respiratory inflammation. In hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained lungs, eosinophils may be difficult to detect despite their bright eosin staining in the secondary granules. For this reason, antibody-mediated detection of eosinophils is preferable for specific and clearer identification of these cells. Moreover, eosinophils may degranulate, releasing their granule proteins into surrounding tissue, and remnants of cytolysed cells cannot be detected by HE staining. The methods here demonstrate the use of eosinophil-specific anti-mouse antibodies to detect eosinophil granule proteins in formalin-fixed cells both in situ in paraffin-embedded lungs, as well as in cytospin preparations from the lung. These antibody staining techniques enable either colorimetric or fluorescence imaging of eosinophils or their granule proteins with the potential for additional antibodies to be added for detection of multiple molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Nazaroff
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Institute, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - William E LeSuer
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Mia Y Masuda
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Grace Pyon
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
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8
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Tavares LP, Peh HY, Tan WSD, Pahima H, Maffia P, Tiligada E, Levi-Schaffer F. Granulocyte-targeted therapies for airway diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104881. [PMID: 32380052 PMCID: PMC7198161 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The average respiration rate for an adult is 12-20 breaths per minute, which constantly exposes the lungs to allergens and harmful particles. As a result, respiratory diseases, which includes asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute lower respiratory tract infections (LTRI), are a major cause of death worldwide. Although asthma, COPD and LTRI are distinctly different diseases with separate mechanisms of disease progression, they do share a common feature - airway inflammation with intense recruitment and activation of granulocytes and mast cells. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells are crucial players in host defense against pathogens and maintenance of lung homeostasis. Upon contact with harmful particles, part of the pulmonary defense mechanism is to recruit these cells into the airways. Despite their protective nature, overactivation or accumulation of granulocytes and mast cells in the lungs results in unwanted chronic airway inflammation and damage. As such, understanding the bright and the dark side of these leukocytes in lung physiology paves the way for the development of therapies targeting this important mechanism of disease. Here we discuss the role of granulocytes in respiratory diseases and summarize therapeutic strategies focused on granulocyte recruitment and activation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR); Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR); Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 16 Medical Drive, 117600, Singapore
| | - Wan Shun Daniel Tan
- ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR); Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 16 Medical Drive, 117600, Singapore
| | - Hadas Pahima
- ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR); Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR); Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ekaterini Tiligada
- ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR); Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR); Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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9
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Nakazawa D, Marschner JA, Platen L, Anders HJ. Extracellular traps in kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 94:1087-1098. [PMID: 30466565 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been recognized as a unique modality of pathogen fixation (sticky extracellular chromatin) and pathogen killing (cytotoxic histones and proteases) during host defense, as well as collateral tissue damage. Numerous other triggers induce NET formation in multiple forms of sterile inflammation, including thrombosis, gout, obstruction of draining ducts, and trauma. Whether neutrophils always die along with NET release, and if they do die, how, remains under study and is most likely context dependent. In certain settings, neutrophils release NETs while undergoing regulated necrosis-for example, necroptosis. NETs and extracellular traps (ETs) released by macrophages also have been well documented in kidney diseases-for example, in various forms of acute kidney injury. Histones released from ETs and other sources are cytotoxic and elicit inflammation, contributing to necroinflammation of the early-injury phase of acute tubular necrosis in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related renal vasculitis, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, lupus nephritis, and thrombotic microangiopathies. Finally, acute kidney injury-related releases of dying renal cells or ETs promote remote organ injuries-for example, acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this review, we summarize what is known about the release of ETs from neutrophils and macrophages in the kidney, the available experimental evidence, and ongoing discussions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Nakazawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
| | - Louise Platen
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany.
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10
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Słomka A, Urban SK, Lukacs-Kornek V, Żekanowska E, Kornek M. Large Extracellular Vesicles: Have We Found the Holy Grail of Inflammation? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2723. [PMID: 30619239 PMCID: PMC6300519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The terms microparticles (MPs) and microvesicles (MVs) refer to large extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated from a broad spectrum of cells upon its activation or death by apoptosis. The unique surface antigens of MPs/MVs allow for the identification of their cellular origin as well as its functional characterization. Two basic aspects of MP/MV functions in physiology and pathological conditions are widely considered. Firstly, it has become evident that large EVs have strong procoagulant properties. Secondly, experimental and clinical studies have shown that MPs/MVs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated disorders. A cardinal feature of these disorders is an enhanced generation of platelets-, endothelial-, and leukocyte-derived EVs. Nevertheless, anti-inflammatory effects of miscellaneous EV types have also been described, which provided important new insights into the large EV-inflammation axis. Advances in understanding the biology of MPs/MVs have led to the preparation of this review article aimed at discussing the association between large EVs and inflammation, depending on their cellular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sabine Katharina Urban
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ewa Żekanowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Leiferman KM, Peters MS. Eosinophil-Related Disease and the Skin. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1462-1482.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Diallo-Danebrock R, Abbas M, Groß D, Kellner U. [History of the anatomical and clinical autopsy]. DER PATHOLOGE 2018; 40:93-100. [PMID: 30062578 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-018-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The history of the autopsy is naturally also a part of the history of anatomy and pathology and spans over about 2300 years. The first documented autopsies were conducted in about 300 B.C. Thereafter, due to the prohibition of dissections due to religious, social, or hygienic reasons, a long period of stagnation took place. With the onset of the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th century, interest in the ancient sciences such as anatomy began to rise and consequently an increasing number of dissections for anatomical studies were conducted. Nevertheless, it took nearly 200 years until clinical symptoms and/or causes of disease and death were correlated with anatomical findings. In the second half of the 19th century, the clinical autopsy based on the combination of macroscopic and microscopic findings became more and more important as a precondition for the systematic description of diseases. Based on autopsy findings and together with several new techniques, modern pathology could be established at the beginning of the 20th century as a source of scientific knowledge for the clinical medicine and as a theoretical discipline of its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diallo-Danebrock
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland.
| | - M Abbas
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
| | - D Groß
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - U Kellner
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
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13
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Florez-Sampedro L, Song S, Melgert BN. The diversity of myeloid immune cells shaping wound repair and fibrosis in the lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:3-25. [PMID: 29721324 PMCID: PMC5911451 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In healthy circumstances the immune system coordinates tissue repair responses in a tight balance that entails efficient inflammation for removal of potential threats, proper wound closure, and regeneration to regain tissue function. Pathological conditions, continuous exposure to noxious agents, and even ageing can dysregulate immune responses after injury. This dysregulation can lead to a chronic repair mechanism known as fibrosis. Alterations in wound healing can occur in many organs, but our focus lies with the lung as it requires highly regulated immune and repair responses with its continuous exposure to airborne threats. Dysregulated repair responses can lead to pulmonary fibrosis but the exact reason for its development is often not known. Here, we review the diversity of innate immune cells of myeloid origin that are involved in tissue repair and we illustrate how these cell types can contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, we briefly discuss the effect of age on innate immune responses and therefore on wound healing and we conclude with the implications of current knowledge on the avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Florez-Sampedro
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
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Nicolás-Ávila JÁ, Adrover JM, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils in Homeostasis, Immunity, and Cancer. Immunity 2017; 46:15-28. [PMID: 28099862 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils were among the first leukocytes described and visualized by early immunologists. Prominent effector functions during infection and sterile inflammation classically placed them low in the immune tree as rapid, mindless aggressors with poor regulatory functions. This view is currently under reassessment as we uncover new aspects of their life cycle and identify transcriptional and phenotypic diversity that endows them with regulatory properties that extend beyond their lifetime in the circulation. These properties are revealing unanticipated roles for neutrophils in supporting homeostasis, as well as complex disease states such as cancer. We focus this review on these emerging functions in order to define the true roles of neutrophils in homeostasis, immunity, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Nicolás-Ávila
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain
| | - José M Adrover
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany.
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