1
|
Ahmad S, Singh AP, Bano N, Raza K, Singh J, Medigeshi GR, Pandey R, Gautam HK. Integrative analysis discovers Imidurea as dual multitargeted inhibitor of CD69, CD40, SHP2, lysozyme, GATA3, cCBL, and S-cysteinase from SARS-CoV-2 and M. tuberculosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132332. [PMID: 38768914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Two of the deadliest infectious diseases, COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB), have combined to establish a worldwide pandemic, wreaking havoc on economies and claiming countless lives. The optimised, multitargeted medications may diminish resistance and counter them together. Based on computational expression studies, 183 genes were co-expressed in COVID-19 and TB blood samples. We used the multisampling screening algorithms on the top ten co-expressed genes (CD40, SHP2, Lysozyme, GATA3, cCBL, SIVmac239 Nef, CD69, S-adenosylhomocysteinase, Chemokine Receptor-7, and Membrane Protein). Imidurea is a multitargeted inhibitor for COVID-19 and TB, as confirmed by extensive screening and post-filtering utilising MM\GBSA algorithms. Imidurea has shown docking and MM\GBSA scores of -8.21 to -4.75 Kcal/mol and -64.16 to -29.38 Kcal/mol, respectively. The DFT, pharmacokinetics, and interaction patterns suggest that Imidurea may be a drug candidate, and all ten complexes were tested for stability and bond strength using 100 ns for all MD atoms. The modelling findings showed the complex's repurposing potential, with a cumulative deviation and fluctuation of <2 Å and significant intermolecular interaction, which validated the possibilities. Finally, an inhibition test was performed to confirm our in-silico findings on SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection, which was suppressed by adding imidurea to Vero E6 cells after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Ahmad
- Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Akash Pratap Singh
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Botany, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Nagmi Bano
- Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Khalid Raza
- Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Janmejay Singh
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE), Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Hemant K Gautam
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng L, Ma X, Qu M, Tang M, Li H, Lei C, Ji J, Li H. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Ag85A and truncation of PstS1 fusion protein vaccines against tuberculosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27034. [PMID: 38463854 PMCID: PMC10920368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem, and the One Health approach is essential for controlling zoonotic tuberculosis. Therefore, a rationally designed and more effective TB vaccine is urgently needed. To enhance vaccine efficacy, it is important to design vaccine candidates that stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity against TB. In this study, we fused the secreted protein Ag85A as the T cell antigen with truncated forms of the mycobacterial cell wall protein PstS1 with B cell epitopes to generate vaccine candidates, Ag85A-tnPstS1 (AP1, AP2, and AP3), and tested their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice. The three vaccine candidates induced a significant increase in the levels of T cell-related cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17, and AP1 and AP2 can induce more balanced Th1/Th2 responses than AP3. Strong humoral immune responses were also observed in which the production of IgG antibodies including its subclasses IgG1, IgG2c, and IgG3 was tremendously stimulated. AP1 and AP2 induced early antibody responses and more IgG3 isotype antibodies than AP3. Importantly, the mice immunised with the subunit vaccine candidates, particularly AP1 and AP2, had lower bacterial burdens than the control mice. Moreover, the serum from immunised mice can enhance phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages, which can help to eradicate intracellular bacteria. These results indicate that the subunit vaccines Ag85A-tnPstS1 can be promising vaccine candidates for tuberculosis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiuling Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengjin Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minghui Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huoming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengrui Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahong Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamolratanakul S, Ariyanon W, Udompornpitak K, Bhunyakarnjanarat T, Leelahavanichkul A, Dhitavat J, Wilairatana P, Chancharoenthana W. Comparison of the Single Cell Immune Landscape between Subjects with High Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillary Loads during Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Household Members with Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Cells 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38391975 PMCID: PMC10887672 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the immune system controls the transition from latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) to active pulmonary infection (PTB). Here, we applied mass spectrometry cytometry time-of-flight (CyTOF) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to compare the immunological landscapes in patients with high tuberculous bacillary load PTB infections and LTBI. A total of 32 subjects (PTB [n = 12], LTBI [n = 17], healthy volunteers [n = 3]) were included. Participants with active PTBs were phlebotomized before administering antituberculosis treatment, whereas participants with LTBI progressed to PTB at the time of household screening. In the present study, CyTOF analysis identified significantly higher percentages of mucosal-associated invariant natural killer T (MAIT NKT) cells in subjects with LTBI than in those with active PTB and healthy controls. Moreover, 6 of 17 (35%) subjects with LTBI progressed to active PTB (LTBI progression) and had higher proportions of MAIT NKT cells and early NKT cells than those without progression (LTBI non-progression). Subjects with LTBI progression also showed a tendency toward low B cell levels relative to other subject groups. In conclusion, MAIT NKT cells were substantially more prevalent in subjects with LTBI, particularly those with progression to active PTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supitcha Kamolratanakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.D.); (P.W.)
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wassawon Ariyanon
- Department of Medicine, Banphaeo General Hospital (BGH), Samutsakhon 74120, Thailand;
| | - Kanyarat Udompornpitak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (T.B.); (A.L.)
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thansita Bhunyakarnjanarat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (T.B.); (A.L.)
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (T.B.); (A.L.)
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jittima Dhitavat
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.D.); (P.W.)
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Flores-Lovon K, Ortiz-Saavedra B, Cueva-Chicaña LA, Aperrigue-Lira S, Montes-Madariaga ES, Soriano-Moreno DR, Bell B, Macedo R. Immune responses in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection: A scoping review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992743. [PMID: 36090983 PMCID: PMC9459402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimPatients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection are at an increased risk of severe disease and death. We therefore sought to evaluate the current evidence which assessed the immune response in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfectionMethodsWe searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify articles published between 2020 and 2021. We included observational studies evaluating the immune response in patients with tuberculosis and COVID-19 compared to patients with COVID-19 alone.ResultsFour cross-sectional studies (372 participants) were identified. In patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 and latent tuberculosis (LTBI), increased cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and humoral responses were found. In addition, patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and LTBI had higher leukocytes counts and less inflammation. Regarding patients with COVID-19 and active tuberculosis (aTB), they exhibited decreased total lymphocyte counts, CD4 T cells specific against SARS-CoV-2 and responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 antigens compared to patients with only COVID-19.ConclusionAlthough the evidence is limited, an apparent positive immunomodulation is observed in patients with COVID-19 and LTBI. On the other hand, patients with COVID-19 and aTB present a dysregulated immune response. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and expand knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Flores-Lovon
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Brando Ortiz-Saavedra
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Luis A. Cueva-Chicaña
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Shalom Aperrigue-Lira
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Elizbet S. Montes-Madariaga
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | | | - Brett Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rodney Macedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodney Macedo,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Immune Correlates of Non-Necrotic and Necrotic Granulomas in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jor1040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A granuloma, a pathologic hallmark of tuberculosis (TB), is a complex cellular structure that develops at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and is comprised of different immune cell types. Severe pulmonary TB in humans is characterized by the presence of heterogeneous granulomas, ranging from highly cellular to solid/non-necrotic and necrotic lesions, within the lungs. The host-Mtb interactions within the granulomas dictate the containment of Mtb infection or its progression into a necrotic, cavitary disease. However, the immune environment in various granulomas is poorly understood. The myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key immune cells that regulate the protective versus permissive host responses against Mtb infection. However, their contexture within the lung granulomas remains unclear. In this study, using single and multiplex immunohistochemical staining, we analyzed the distribution of MDSCs, macrophages, CD4+ T cells and their immunometabolic and effector function states in the solid/non-necrotic and necrotic granulomas in patients with active pulmonary TB. We found increased MDSCs with elevated expression of immunosuppressive molecules in the solid/non-necrotic granulomas. In contrast, cells in the solid and necrotic granulomas produced similar levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Our findings suggest that MDSCs are present in solid/non-necrotic granuloma, which may play an essential role in the progression into a necrotic lesion, thus exacerbating disease pathology and transmission.
Collapse
|
6
|
Verma D, Chan ED, Ordway DJ. The double-edged sword of Tregs in M tuberculosis, M avium, and M absessus infection. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:48-61. [PMID: 33713043 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunity against different Mycobacteria species targeting the lung requires distinctly different pulmonary immune responses for bacterial clearance. Many parameters of acquired and regulatory immune responses differ quantitatively and qualitatively from immunity during infection with Mycobacteria species. Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria species (NTM) Mycobacterium avium- (M avium), Mycobacterium abscessus-(M abscessus), and the Mycobacteria species Mycobacterium tuberculosis-(Mtb). Herein, we discuss the potential implications of acquired and regulatory immune responses in the context of animal and human studies, as well as future directions for efforts to treat Mycobacteria diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Verma
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Edward D Chan
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Diane J Ordway
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Interference with BCG-Current Controversies and Future Directions. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040688. [PMID: 33207695 PMCID: PMC7711602 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) continues unabated. The Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination is widely utilized worldwide to protect against infection with M.tb. BCG vaccine protection against TB has had widely varying results for reasons that are not well understood. BCG vaccine interference by non-tuberculosis (NTM) mycobacterial species has been implicated as the potential cause of reduced BCG vaccine efficacy against M.tb. Ongoing efforts to develop new vaccines for TB requires a thorough understanding of the effect of NTM exposure on BCG vaccine efficacy, which may ultimately be a critical determinant of success. We reviewed the conflicting reports on whether NTM interferes with the BCG vaccine, potential explanations to help resolve the controversy, and strategies for developing better animal models. Further studies are needed to longitudinally track the effects of NTM exposure on BCG vaccine-induced host-protective anti-TB immunity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cainelli F, Dzudzor B, Lanzafame M, Goushchi A, Chhem S, Vento S. HIV and SARS-Coronavirus-2 Epidemics: Possible Interactions and Need for Studies, Especially in Africa. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:216. [PMID: 32574323 PMCID: PMC7235275 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cainelli
- Raffles Medical Group Clinic, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bartholomew Dzudzor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Korle-Bu, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Adonis Goushchi
- Infectious Diseases, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sirika Chhem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sandro Vento
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge HB, Zhu J. Clinical efficacy of Baihe Gujin decoction combined with anti-tuberculosis therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis with Yin-deficiency and Fire-hyperactivity syndrome. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519875535. [PMID: 32367748 PMCID: PMC7223207 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519875535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Baihe Gujin decoction combined with anti-tuberculosis therapy in mitigating the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis and to measure the effect on the CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio. Methods This randomized study enrolled patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and randomly assigned them to one of two treatment groups: an anti-tuberculosis treatment group and a combined treatment group. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed before and 2 weeks after treatment. The ratio of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells and the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-12 in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. Symptoms were recorded before and after treatment. Results A total of 100 patients were enrolled and assigned to the anti-tuberculosis (n = 58) and combined treatment groups (n = 42). In the combined treatment group, Leicester Cough Questionnaire score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cytokine levels, chest pain score and sleep disorder score were significantly decreased compared with the anti-tuberculosis treatment group after treatment. The leukocyte count, haemoglobin level, platelet and alanine aminotransferase levels did not differ significantly between the two groups after treatment. The creatinine level in the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that in the anti-tuberculosis treatment group. Conclusion Baihe Gujin decoction combined with anti-tuberculosis treatment can effectively alleviate the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis, enhance the host immune function and protect renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kotzé LA, Young C, Leukes VN, John V, Fang Z, Walzl G, Lutz MB, du Plessis N. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Insights into caveolin rich lipid rafts. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102670. [PMID: 32113158 PMCID: PMC7047144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is likely the most successful human pathogen, capable of evading protective host immune responses and driving metabolic changes to support its own survival and growth. Ineffective innate and adaptive immune responses inhibit effective clearance of the bacteria from the human host, resulting in the progression to active TB disease. Many regulatory mechanisms exist to prevent immunopathology, however, chronic infections result in the overproduction of regulatory myeloid cells, like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which actively suppress protective host T lymphocyte responses among other immunosuppressive mechanisms. The mechanisms of M.tb internalization by MDSC and the involvement of host-derived lipid acquisition, have not been fully elucidated. Targeted research aimed at investigating MDSC impact on phagocytic control of M.tb, would be advantageous to our collective anti-TB arsenal. In this review we propose a mechanism by which M.tb may be internalized by MDSC and survive via the manipulation of host-derived lipid sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Kotzé
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carly Young
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vinzeigh N Leukes
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vini John
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhuo Fang
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaufmann SHE. Vaccination Against Tuberculosis: Revamping BCG by Molecular Genetics Guided by Immunology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 32174919 PMCID: PMC7056705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat. Although a vaccine has been available for almost 100 years termed Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), it is insufficient and better vaccines are urgently needed. This treatise describes first the basic immunology and pathology of TB with an emphasis on the role of T lymphocytes. Better understanding of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) serves as blueprint for rational design of TB vaccines. Then, disease epidemiology and the benefits and failures of BCG vaccination will be presented. Next, types of novel vaccine candidates are being discussed. These include: (i) antigen/adjuvant subunit vaccines; (ii) viral vectored vaccines; and (III) whole cell mycobacterial vaccines which come as live recombinant vaccines or as dead whole cell or multi-component vaccines. Subsequently, the major endpoints of clinical trials as well as administration schemes are being described. Major endpoints for clinical trials are prevention of infection (PoI), prevention of disease (PoD), and prevention of recurrence (PoR). Vaccines can be administered either pre-exposure or post-exposure with Mtb. A central part of this treatise is the description of the viable BCG-based vaccine, VPM1002, currently undergoing phase III clinical trial assessment. Finally, new approaches which could facilitate design of refined next generation TB vaccines will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Keikha M, Soleimanpour S, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Karbalaei M. The mystery of tuberculosis pathogenesis from the perspective of T regulatory cells. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
13
|
Ferrian S, Ross M, Conradie F, Vally Omar S, Ismail N, Little F, Kaplan G, Fallows D, Gray CM. Frequency of Circulating CD4 +Ki67 +HLA-DR - T Regulatory Cells Prior to Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Can Differentiate the Severity of Disease and Predict Time to Culture Conversion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2438. [PMID: 30410488 PMCID: PMC6209685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a blood circulating cellular biomarker that can be used to assess severity of disease and predict the time to culture conversion (TCC) in patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) would facilitate monitoring response to treatment and may be of value in the design of future drug trials. We report on the frequency of blood Ki67+HLA-DR- CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells in predicting microbiological outcome before initiating second-line treatment for MDR-TB. Fifty-one patients with MDR-TB were enrolled and followed over 18 months; a subset of patients was sputum culture (SC) negative at baseline (n = 9). SC positive patients were divided into two groups, based on median TCC: rapid responders (≤71 days TCC; n = 21) and slow responders (>71 days TCC; n = 21). Whole blood at baseline, months 2 and 6 was stimulated with M tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens and Treg cells were then identified as CD3+CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+CD127-CD69- and further delineated as Ki67+HLA-DR- Treg. The frequency of these cells was significantly enlarged at baseline in SC positive relative to SC negative and smear positive relative to smear negative patients and in those with lung cavitation. This difference was further supported by unsupervised hierarchical clustering showing a significant grouping at baseline of total and early differentiated memory Treg cells in slow responders. Conversely, there was a clustering of a lower proportion of Treg cells and activated IFNγ-expressing T cells at baseline in the rapid responders. Examining changes over time revealed a more gradual reduction of Treg cells in slow responders relative to rapid responders to treatment. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that baseline Mtb-stimulated Ki67+HLA-DR- Treg cells could predict the TCC of MDR-TB treatment response with 81.2% sensitivity and 85% specificity (AUC of 0.87, p < 0.0001), but this was not the case after 2 months of treatment. In conclusion, our data show that the frequency of a highly defined Mtb-stimulated blood Treg cell population at baseline can discriminate MDR-TB disease severity and predict time to culture clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ferrian
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melinda Ross
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francesca Conradie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shaheed Vally Omar
- Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nazir Ismail
- Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francesca Little
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Dorothy Fallows
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Clive M Gray
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fan X, Li N, Wang X, Zhang J, Xu M, Liu X, Wang B. Protective immune mechanisms of Yifei Tongluo, a Chinese herb formulation, in the treatment of mycobacterial infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203678. [PMID: 30204794 PMCID: PMC6133367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yifei Tongluo (YFTL) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation which has been shown clinical efficacy in treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China. However, the underlying mechanisms of the effects of YFTL are lacking. This study investigated the effects of YFTL on immune regulation with a mouse lung infection model with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). We found that compared with untreated mice, the lung mycobacterial load in YFTL-treated mice was significantly reduced, accompanied by alleviated pulmonary inflammation with reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Flow cytometry analyses showed that Th1 cells were significantly higher in the lungs of YFTL-treated mice at early infection time. The results suggest that YFTL-treatment down-regulates pulmonary inflammation, which facilitates a rapid infiltration of Th1 cells into the lungs. Moreover, the Th1 cells in the lungs were resolved faster at later time concomitant with increased the regulatory T cells (Tregs). The reduction of mycobacterial burden associated with improved tissue pathology, faster Th1 cell trafficking, and accelerated resolution of Th1 cells in the lungs of YFTL-treated mice indicates that YFTL improves mycobacterial clearance by maintaining lung homeostasis and dynamically regulating T cells in the lung parenchyma, and suggests that YFTL can be used as host-directed therapies that target immune responses to mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu S, Du X, Huang Y, Fu Y, Yang Y, Zhan X, He W, Wen Q, Zhou X, Zhou C, Zhong XP, Yang J, Xiong W, Wang R, Gao Y, Ma L. NLRC3 negatively regulates CD4+ T cells and impacts protective immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007266. [PMID: 30133544 PMCID: PMC6122840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRC3, a member of the NLR family, has been reported as a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in innate immune cells. However, the direct role of NLRC3 in modulation of CD4+ T-cell responses in infectious diseases has not been studied. In the present study, we showed that NLRC3 plays an intrinsic role by suppressing the CD4+ T cell phenotype in lung and spleen, including differentiation, activation, and proliferation. NLRC3 deficiency in CD4+ T cells enhanced the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Finally, we demonstrated that NLRC3 deficiency promoted the activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells via negatively regulating the NF-κB and MEK-ERK signaling pathways. This study reveals a critical role of NLRC3 as a direct regulator of the adaptive immune response and its protective effects on immunity during M. tuberculosis infection. Our findings also suggested that NLRC3 serves as a potential target for therapeutic intervention against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Fu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhan
- Department of laboratory medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Gao
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Protective immunity in tuberculosis (TB) is subject of debate in the TB research community, as this is key to fully understand TB pathogenesis and to develop new promising tools for TB diagnosis and prognosis as well as a more efficient TB vaccine. IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells are key in TB control, but may not be sufficient to provide protection. Additional subsets have been identified that contribute to protection such as multifunctional and cytolytic T-cell subsets, including classical and nonclassical T cells as well as novel innate immune cell subsets resulting from trained immunity. However, to define protective immune responses against TB, the complexity of balancing TB immunity also has to be considered. In this review, insights into effector cell immunity and how this is modulated by regulatory cells, associated comorbidities and the host microbiome, is discussed. We systematically map how different suppressive immune cell subsets may affect effector cell responses at the local site of infection. We also dissect how common comorbidities such as HIV, helminths and diabetes may bias protective TB immunity towards pathogenic and regulatory responses. Finally, also the composition and diversity of the microbiome in the lung and gut could affect host TB immunity. Understanding these various aspects of the immunological balance in the human host is fundamental to prevent TB infection and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Brighenti
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hoffmann E, Machelart A, Song OR, Brodin P. Proteomics of Mycobacterium Infection: Moving towards a Better Understanding of Pathogen-Driven Immunomodulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:86. [PMID: 29441067 PMCID: PMC5797607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria are responsible for many infectious diseases in humans and have developed diverse mechanisms to interfere with host defense pathways. In particular, intracellular vacuoles are an essential niche used by pathogens to alter cellular and organelle functions, which facilitate replication and survival. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the pathogen causing tuberculosis in humans, is not only able to modulate its intraphagosomal fate by blocking phagosome maturation but has also evolved strategies to successfully prevent clearance by immune cells and to establish long-term survival in the host. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics allows the identification and quantitative analysis of complex protein mixtures and is increasingly employed to investigate host–pathogen interactions. Major challenges are limited availability and purity of pathogen-containing compartments as well as the asymmetric ratio in protein abundance when comparing bacterial and host proteins during the infection. Recent advances in purification techniques and MS technology helped to overcome previous difficulties and enable the detailed proteomic characterization of infected host cells and their pathogen-containing vacuoles. Here, we summarize current findings of the proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium-infected host cells and highlight progress that has been made to study the protein composition of mycobacterial vacuoles. Current investigations focus on the pathogenicity during Mtb infection, which will allow to better understand pathogen-induced changes and immunomodulation of infected host cells. Consequently, future research in this field will have important implications on host response, pathogen survival, and persistence, induced adaptive immunity and metabolic changes of immune cells promoting the development of novel host-directed therapies in tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eik Hoffmann
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1019, UMR8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1019, UMR8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ok-Ryul Song
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1019, UMR8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1019, UMR8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|