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Froböse NJ, Theiler T, Horn D, Sußiek J, Böing C, Kuhns M, Schuler F, Raschke M, Schaumburg F, Roßlenbroich SB. Fracture-associated infection with Mycobacterium smegmatis in a 16-year old patient. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116379. [PMID: 38850688 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
We present a patient who suffered an agricultural rollover trauma and developed a fracture-associated tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium smegmatis. Since cases are rare, treatment of infections with M. smegmatis requires an interprofessional approach and the combination of surgery and adjunctive antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele J Froböse
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tom Theiler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Horn
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Sußiek
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Böing
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Kuhns
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Franziska Schuler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Raschke
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Steffen B Roßlenbroich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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2
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Patel RR, Arun PP, Singh SK, Singh M. Mycobacterial biofilms: Understanding the genetic factors playing significant role in pathogenesis, resistance and diagnosis. Life Sci 2024; 351:122778. [PMID: 38879157 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Even though the genus Mycobacterium is a diverse group consisting of a majority of environmental bacteria known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it also contains some of the deadliest pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in history associated with chronic disease called tuberculosis (TB). Formation of biofilm is one of the unique strategies employed by mycobacteria to enhance their ability to survive in hostile conditions. Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium species is an emerging area of research with significant implications for understanding its pathogenesis and treatment of related infections, specifically TB. This review provides an overview of the biofilm-forming abilities of different species of Mycobacterium and the genetic factors influencing biofilm formation with a detailed focus on M. tuberculosis. Biofilm-mediated resistance is a significant challenge as it can limit antibiotic penetration and promote the survival of dormant mycobacterial cells. Key genetic factors promoting biofilm formation have been explored such as the mmpL genes involved in lipid transport and cell wall integrity as well as the groEL gene essential for mature biofilm formation. Additionally, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis highlighting the specific niches, sites of infection along with the possible mechanisms of biofilm dissemination have been discussed. Furthermore, drug targets within mycobacterial biofilm and their role as potential biomarkers in the development of rapid diagnostic tools have been highlighted. The review summarises the current understanding of the complex nature of Mycobacterium biofilm and its clinical implications, paving the way for advancements in the field of disease diagnosis, management and treatment against its multi-drug resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raj Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pandey Priya Arun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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3
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Johansen MD, Spaink HP, Oehlers SH, Kremer L. Modeling nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in zebrafish. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:663-677. [PMID: 38135617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased rapidly in recent years, surpassing tuberculosis in developed countries. Due to inherent antimicrobial resistance, NTM infections are particularly difficult to treat with low cure rates. There is an urgent need to understand NTM pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of NTM diseases. Zebrafish have emerged as an excellent animal model due to genetic amenability and optical transparency during embryonic development, allowing spatiotemporal visualization of host-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, adult zebrafish possess fully functional innate and adaptive immunity and recapitulate important pathophysiological hallmarks of mycobacterial infection. Here, we report recent breakthroughs in understanding the hallmarks of NTM infections using the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
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4
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Huang YL, Huang CH, Huang YC, Yen CL, Hsu CR. Anti-biofilm activities and antibiotic synergy of naturally occurring compounds against drug-resistant rapidly growing mycobacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0019924. [PMID: 38934606 PMCID: PMC11302017 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00199-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Some naturally occurring compounds, known for their antimicrobial activities, have been employed as food additives. However, their efficacy in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is yet to be fully explored. Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), a category within nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), are prevalent in various environments and can lead to infections in humans. The rise of antimicrobial resistance within RGM is a documented concern. In this study, we reported that four specific natural compounds effectively inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of three key RGM pathogens M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae. We screened 12 natural compounds for their effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant clinical strains of RGM. Four compounds showed significant inhibitory effects from the most effective to least: trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, gentisaldehyde, and phloroglucinaldehyde. In the analysis of time-killing kinetics, gentisaldehyde and phloroglucinaldehyde displayed bactericidal activity while trans-cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol exhibited bacteriostatic effects. At 1× minimal inhibition concentrations, these compounds significantly reduced biofilm formation in all three RGM species to levels between 2.9% and 20.5% relative to controls. Checkerboard assays indicated synergistic interactions between these four compounds and antibiotics such as amikacin, clarithromycin, and linezolid. Of these 12 compound-antibiotic combinations, the pairs of carvacrol-linezolid, carvacrol-amikacin, and gentisaldehyde-clarithromycin demonstrated the most synergy against multiple RGM strains. Moreover, two other compounds citral and geraniol showed synergism with all three test antibiotics. Time-killing assays further confirmed most of synergistic combinations identified in the checkerboard tests. Our research suggests the potential of these essential oils and phenolic aldehydes, both individually and in combination with antibiotics, in treating RGM infections. In addition, this work illuminates applications of these natural compounds in environmental remediation to mitigate bacterial persistence for the control of infectious diseases. IMPORTANCE The emergence of antimicrobial resistance within rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) poses a significant threat to public health. This study investigates the potential of naturally occurring compounds to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant RGM including M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae. We identified four specific natural compounds showing impressive inhibitory effects against antibiotic-resistant clinical strains. These compounds not only inhibited the growth and biofilm formation but also exhibited synergistic interactions with antibiotics against key RGM pathogens. Our findings highlight the alternative treatment strategies for RGM infections and potential environmental applications of these natural compounds in mitigating microbial persistence and controlling infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lun Yen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ru Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Cristancho-Rojas C, Varley CD, Lara SC, Kherabi Y, Henkle E, Winthrop KL. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:712-717. [PMID: 37778416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are highly abundant in soil, dust, and water sources, making human-pathogen contact frequent and recurrent. NTM represents over 200 species/subspecies; some are considered strict or opportunistic pathogens. Mycobacterium abscessus, often regarded as one of the most antibiotic-resistant mycobacteria, is the second most frequent NTM pulmonary disease pathogen. OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology of M. abscessus through a literature review focusing on clinical aspects. SOURCES We conducted searches on PubMed and Web of Knowledge for articles published from 2010 to the present using the keywords 'Mycobacterium abscessus', 'Nontuberculous mycobacteria', and 'epidemiology'. Our search prioritized original reports on the occurrence of NTM and M. abscessus infection/disease. CONTENT Advanced molecular and genetic diagnostic techniques have refined the M. abscessus complex (MABC) microbiological classification over the last few decades. MABC can adhere to surfaces and form a biofilm. This characteristic and its resistance to common disinfectants allow these microorganisms to persist in the water distribution systems, becoming a constant reservoir. The frequency and manifestation of NTM species vary geographically because of environmental conditions and population susceptibility differences. MABC lung disease, the most frequent site of NTM infection in humans, is often seen in patients with underlying lung diseases such as bronchiectasis, whereas MABC disseminated disease is related to immunosuppression. Skin and soft tissue infections are associated with surgical or injection procedures. Epidemiological evidence suggests an overall increase in MABC infection and disease in the last decade. IMPLICATIONS Establishing the burden of this disease is challenging because of varying measures of incidence and prevalence, referral bias, and differences in medical practices and reporting. Furthermore, environmental and structural determinants, infection routes, and MABC pulmonary disease mechanisms require additional investigation. This review contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology of MABC, which could inform clinical practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Cristancho-Rojas
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cara D Varley
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sofia Chapela Lara
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yousra Kherabi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emily Henkle
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kevin L Winthrop
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Mori G, Scarpellini P, Masera F, Torri S, Castagna A, Guffanti M. Management of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus early-onset prosthetic joint infection: Case report and literature review. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 35:100440. [PMID: 38694253 PMCID: PMC11061329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are a rare but still emerging cause of difficult-to-treat prosthetic joint infection. To our knowledge only 17 cases of M. abscessus complex prosthetic joint infection are reported in literature, of which only 1 is by M. abscessus subps. abscessus. No guidelines are available for this clinical scenario. We describe a 68-years-old female patient with an early-onset M. abscessus subsp. abscessus prosthetic joint infection, successfully treated with a tailored medical-surgical strategy, and present an overview of cases currently available in the literature to assist physicians in the management of these uncommon infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mori
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpellini
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Masera
- Traumatology and Orthopedic Clinic, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Torri
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Guffanti
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Brown-Elliott BA, Bush G, Hughes MD, Rodriguez E, Weikel CA, Min SB, Wallace RJ. In vitro activity of gepotidacin and comparator antimicrobials against isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0168423. [PMID: 38656138 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01684-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel antimicrobials are needed to treat rising nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections. Using standard broth microdilution methods, 68 NTM isolates were tested against gepotidacin, a new, first-in-class, oral triazaacenaphthylene bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor. MICs varied (0.25 to >64 µg/mL) with the lowest being M. fortuitum complex (0.25-8 µg/mL), M. mucogenicum complex (1-2 µg/mL), M. kansasii (0.25-8 µg/mL), and M. marinum (4-16 µg/mL). Testing greater numbers of some species is suggested to better understand gepotidacin activity against NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Brown-Elliott
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Georgie Bush
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - M Dolores Hughes
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Eliana Rodriguez
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Chase A Weikel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sharon B Min
- Department of Infectious Diseases, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard J Wallace
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA
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8
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Okinaka T, Fujimura K, Hamasaki Y, Hasegawa Y, Matono T. Significance of early diagnosis and surgical management in treating Mycobacterium immunogenum-related pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:395. [PMID: 38609847 PMCID: PMC11010399 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that are increasingly contributing to human infections. Mycobacterium immunogenum, a variant of NTM discovered in 2001, is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that exhibits multidrug resistance. Reports of infections caused by this organism, particularly tenosynovitis in the musculoskeletal system, are limited. CASE PRESENTATION A 71-year-old female with vesicular pemphigus, undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, presented with a progressively enlarging tumour on the dorsum of her right hand, along with erythematous papules that extended across her right forearm. The specimens of skin tissues and blood cultures revealed the presence of M. immunogenum. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation led to the diagnosis of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis. A multidrug regimen, comprising amikacin and clarithromycin, was initiated, followed by synovectomy. The patient underwent a course of 180 days of antimicrobial therapy and demonstrated no signs of disease recurrence one year after treatment completion. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial to prevent the adverse prognostic implications of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis caused by M. immunogenum. Effective management requires precise microbial identification and susceptibility testing, necessitating collaborative engagement with microbiological laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Okinaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fujimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Hamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Inatsuki Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Matono
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan.
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9
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Shah S, Zaidi K, Onyia W. Mycobacterium porcinum Disseminated Infection in Non-severely Immunocompromised Host. Cureus 2024; 16:e55889. [PMID: 38595874 PMCID: PMC11003393 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium porcinum is a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) recently identified to cause human infection. Correct speciation of NTMs can be difficult and result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Because of the paucity of the literature, there is a lack of awareness of the possibility of serious infections caused by M. porcinum. Although severe infections tend to occur in individuals with certain risk factors, the primary being an immunocompromised state, our case illustrates that it can also be possible in non-severely immunocompromised individuals. A 65-year-old male with a medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was admitted to the emergency room due to a laceration on his right lower leg following a fall. He reported shortness of breath but denied other respiratory symptoms. On examination, he showed signs of infection and increased oxygen requirement compared to baseline. Blood culture was positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), initially reported as M. avium complex (MAC) and later confirmed as M. porcinum through gene sequencing and morphology analysis. Interval blood cultures taken a week later confirmed true M. porcinum bacteremia. Treatment initially involved intravenous antibiotics- imipenem and ciprofloxacin before transitioning to oral linezolid and ciprofloxacin based on sensitivities. Following 10 days of antibiotic therapy, subsequent blood cultures returned negative, and treatment with oral antibiotics was advised, with continued outpatient follow-up with infectious disease in two weeks. M. porcinum, typically considered a contaminant in healthy individuals, was identified as the causative agent of a disseminated infection in a non-severely immunocompromised patient. This case underscores the importance of accurately identifying the specific mycobacterial species, confirming true infection, and conducting antibiotic susceptibility testing due to the distinct antibiotic susceptibility profile of M. porcinum compared to other NTM like MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuva Shah
- Internal Medicine, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, USA
| | - Kashaf Zaidi
- Internal Medicine, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, USA
| | - Will Onyia
- Infectious Disease, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, USA
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10
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G V, Sundaram PS. Mycobacterium abscessus endocarditis post cardiac cathetrisation-a case report and review of 25 cases (2001-2023). Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 47:100517. [PMID: 38000620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
47 year male underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty elsewhere, developed fever after two days, and treated empirically in various hospitals for the subsequent two months. Echocardiography showed vegetation in aortic valve and blood cultures were negative. He was then diagnosed as a case of endocarditis due to M. abscessus in our centre by repeated positive blood cultures. After treatment with Imipenem, Amikacin and clarithromycin in the background of pancytopenia, patient was discharged with advice to continue antibiotics and planned for aortic valve replacement. Patient was noncompliant to treatment, readmitted with worsening symptoms, developed multiorgan failure and subsequently died of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vithiya G
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India.
| | - P Shunmuga Sundaram
- Department of Cardiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
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11
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Matusiak I, Strzałka A, Wadach P, Gongerowska-Jac M, Szwajczak E, Szydłowska-Helbrych A, Kepplinger B, Pióro M, Jakimowicz D. The interplay between the polar growth determinant DivIVA, the segregation protein ParA, and their novel interaction partner PapM controls the Mycobacterium smegmatis cell cycle by modulation of DivIVA subcellular distribution. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0175223. [PMID: 37966202 PMCID: PMC10714820 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01752-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The genus of Mycobacterium includes important clinical pathogens (M. tuberculosis). Bacteria of this genus share the unusual features of their cell cycle such as asymmetric polar cell elongation and long generation time. Markedly, control of the mycobacterial cell cycle still remains not fully understood. The main cell growth determinant in mycobacteria is the essential protein DivIVA, which is also involved in cell division. DivIVA activity is controlled by phosphorylation, but the mechanism and significance of this process are unknown. Here, we show how the previously established protein interaction partner of DivIVA in mycobacteria, the segregation protein ParA, affects the DivIVA subcellular distribution. We also demonstrate the role of a newly identified M. smegmatis DivIVA and ParA interaction partner, a protein named PapM, and we establish how their interactions are modulated by phosphorylation. Demonstrating that the tripartite interplay affects the mycobacterial cell cycle contributes to the general understanding of mycobacterial growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Matusiak
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Strzałka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Wadach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Gongerowska-Jac
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Bernhard Kepplinger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Pióro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jakimowicz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Engers DW, Swarup R, Morrin C, Blauw M, Selfridge M, Gonyon P, Stout JE, Malani AN. A bronchoscopy-associated pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium mucogenicum associated with contaminated ice machine water and ice. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:2056-2058. [PMID: 37272469 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pseudo-outbreak of bronchoscopy-associated Mycobacterium chelonae and M. mucogenicum was traced to contaminated ice machine water and ice. A nonsterile ice bath was used to cool uncapped, sterile, saline syringes used to slow procedural bleeding. Joining the growing evidence of bronchoscopy pseudo-outbreaks, our investigation describes several lessons for future prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W Engers
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajeev Swarup
- Section of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Veterans' Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cheryl Morrin
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mica Blauw
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Corewell Health. Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Miles Selfridge
- Department of Engineering, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pierre Gonyon
- Department of Engineering, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Janet E Stout
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anurag N Malani
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Li Z, Yuan Z, Cao H, Huan D, Qiu Y, Xia T, Shen J. A case report on Mycobacterium houstonense infection after total hip arthroplasty. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:722. [PMID: 37880617 PMCID: PMC10598912 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium houstonense is a category of rapidly growing mycobacteria that is gram-positive, acid-fast, polycrystalline, and non-spore-forming. There have been few reports of human infection caused by Mycobacterium houstonense worldwide. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of chronic periprosthetic joint infection caused by Mycobacterium houstonense in an elderly female patient. The patient developed signs of infection after undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Despite receiving antibiotic treatment and revision surgery, the signs of infection recurred repeatedly. Multiple bacterial cultures during the treatment period were negative. Later, we identified the pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium houstonense through mNGS testing, isolated the bacteria from the ultrasonically centrifuged fluid of the prosthesis and obtained drug sensitivity results. Finally, we performed a revision surgery and treated the patient with moxifloxacin and clindamycin. After treatment, the patient did not show signs of infection recurrence during 24 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION Through a relevant literature search, we believe that Mycobacterium houstonense may show higher sensitivity to amikacin and quinolone antibiotics. Additionally, clarifying occult infection sources through methods such as gene testing will improve the diagnosis and treatment of periprosthetic joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiPeng Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhaoFeng Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - HuiLing Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - DaWei Huan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - TianWei Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - JiRong Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Reil I, Špičić S, Barbić L, Duvnjak S, Kompes G, Benić M, Stojević D, Cvetnić Ž, Arapović J, Zdelar-Tuk M. Antimicrobial Resistance in Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria among Domestic and Wild Animals Emphasizing the Zoonotic Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2520. [PMID: 37894179 PMCID: PMC10609087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens capable of causing infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential role of domestic and wild animals as a reservoir of multiple resistant, rapidly growing NTM strains representing a potential zoonotic threat to humans. A total of 87 animal isolates belonging to 11 rapidly growing species (visible colonies appear within three to seven days) were genotyped and tested for susceptibility to the 15 most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of such infections in a human clinic. By determining the antimicrobial susceptibility, the most prevalent resistance was found to cephalosporins (>50%), followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate (31.0%), clarithromycin (23.0%), tobramycin (14.9%) and doxycycline (10.3%). Resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, minocycline and linezolid was notably lower (<7.0%). All tested isolates were susceptible to amikacin and moxifloxacin. The most frequent resistance was proved in the most pathogenic species: M. fortuitum, M. neoaurum, M. vaccae and M. porcinum. Meanwhile, other species displayed a higher sensitivity rate. No significant resistance differences between domestic and wild animals were found. The established significant frequency of resistance highlights the significant zoonotic potential posed by circulating rapidly growing NTM strains, which could lead to challenges in the treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Ljubo Barbić
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Miroslav Benić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Dora Stojević
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
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15
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Curtoni A, Cordovana M, Bondi A, Scaiola F, Criscione G, Ghibaudo D, Pastrone L, Zanotto E, Camaggi A, Caroppo MS, Kostrzewa M, Cavallo R, Costa C. Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy for Mycobacterium abscessus complex subspecies differentiation. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 212:106792. [PMID: 37517511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) subspecies differentiation improves patients' therapy and outcome. Fourier-Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IRS) was applied for subspecies discrimination of 15 strains on different media: Löwenstein-Jensen showed the best resolution power; Linear Discriminant Analysis model differentiated M. abscessus susbsp. abscessus from M. abscessus subsp. massiliense. FT-IRS has a potential role in rapidly MABSC subspecies identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Curtoni
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Bondi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Scaiola
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Criscione
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Ghibaudo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lisa Pastrone
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Zanotto
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Camaggi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Simona Caroppo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Markus Kostrzewa
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Roquet-Banères F, Alcaraz M, Hamela C, Abendroth J, Edwards TE, Kremer L. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of NITD-916 against Mycobacterium fortuitum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0160722. [PMID: 36920188 PMCID: PMC10112203 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01607-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium fortuitum represents one of the most clinically relevant rapid-growing mycobacterial species. Treatments are complex due to antibiotic resistance and to severe side effects of effective drugs, prolonged time of treatment, and co-infection with other pathogens. Herein, we explored the activity of NITD-916, a direct inhibitor of the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA of the type II fatty acid synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We found that this compound displayed very low MIC values against a panel of M. fortuitum clinical strains and exerted potent antimicrobial activity against M. fortuitum in macrophages. Remarkably, the compound was also highly efficacious in a zebrafish model of infection. Short duration treatments were sufficient to significantly protect the infected larvae from M. fortuitum-induced killing, which correlated with reduced bacterial burdens and abscesses. Biochemical analyses demonstrated an inhibition of de novo synthesis of mycolic acids. Resolving the crystal structure of the InhAMFO in complex with NAD and NITD-916 confirmed that NITD-916 is a direct inhibitor of InhAMFO. Importantly, single nucleotide polymorphism leading to a G96S substitution in InhAMFO conferred high resistance levels to NITD-916, thus resolving its target in M. fortuitum. Overall, these findings indicate that NITD-916 is highly active against M. fortuitum both in vitro and in vivo and should be considered in future preclinical evaluations for the treatment of M. fortuitum pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Roquet-Banères
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthéo Alcaraz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Hamela
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan Abendroth
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, Washington, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, Washington, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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17
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Sepulcri C, Vena A, Bassetti M. Skin and soft tissue infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2023; 36:74-80. [PMID: 36718980 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to review skin and soft tissue infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), with a particular focus on recently published literature (2021-2022). RECENT FINDINGS RGM are increasingly reported as a cause of skin and soft tissue infections, both in the community setting and as a cause of nosocomial outbreaks. Recent advances in molecular methods have expanded the number of species of RGM and resulted in increased diagnosis. New treatment options are under evaluation particularly for Mycobacterium abscessus , the most difficult-to-treat among RGM. SUMMARY RGM are an uncommon cause of skin and soft tissue infections and a high clinical suspicion together with advanced laboratory facilities are required for diagnosis. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are essential to drive appropriate treatment, which combines surgical debridement with prolonged antimycobacterial combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sepulcri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova
| | - Antonio Vena
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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18
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Heifner JJ, Hunter ML, Corces A, Hommen JP. A Systematic Review of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. JB JS Open Access 2023; 8:JBJSOA-D-23-00030. [PMID: 37123505 PMCID: PMC10132717 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.23.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although infection following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is rare, these cases have potentially catastrophic ramifications. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous, located in the water supply and soil. Our objective was to review the literature to characterize NTM infection following ACL reconstruction. Methods A database search was performed for arthroscopic ACL reconstructions that resulted in a postoperative diagnosis of NTM infection. Results The literature search returned 6 case reports that met the inclusion criteria. The initial postoperative presentation occurred after 3 to 52 weeks, which is consistent with reports of postoperative NTM infection. Conclusions The common indolent course of NTM infection hinders prompt diagnosis and treatment. Organism susceptibility testing is crucial for effective treatment and limiting unnecessary antibiotic exposure. Clinical Relevance The duration of medical treatment for NTM infection is 4 to 6 months, depending on the severity of disease and species. Based on the aggregate literature, we recommend removal of local implants if the infection is localized and without articular involvement. However, in cases of articular involvement, all fixation and graft material should be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Heifner
- Miami Orthopaedic Research Foundation, Coral Gables, Florida
- Email for corresponding author:
| | - Mitchell L. Hunter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Larkin Hospital, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Arturo Corces
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Larkin Hospital, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Jan Pieter Hommen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Larkin Hospital, Coral Gables, Florida
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19
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Weidmann MD, Wu Y, Wu F, Hapani DD, Green DA, Aaron JG, Berry GJ. A case of novel, rapidly-growing Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis infection in a patient with severe pulmonary disease treated in New York City. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:26. [PMID: 36639740 PMCID: PMC9840340 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis is a slowly growing, non-chromogenic non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that was initially distinguished from the M. terrae complex in 2006. Since then it has been rarely reported as the cause of pulmonary and soft-tissue infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of severe pulmonary disease due to Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis in a 57-year-old male who was immunocompetent at time of diagnosis, with a history of interstitial lung disease and a prior diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). After initial treatment for TB in 2017, his condition stabilized until a recurrence in September 2021, leading to an evaluation for lung transplant in the setting of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema which led to the identification of Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis. A lung transplant was completed, and the patient was successfully treated with a combination of Ethambutol, Azithromycin, and Rifabutin. CONCLUSIONS This represents the first case reported of M. kumamotonensis in a patient undergoing lung transplant, and the first case with rapid culture growth during identification of the organism (4 days). This report highlights the need for consideration of M. kumamotonensis as a pathogen in humans, with the potential for rapid growth in liquid media, and the importance of early identification to inform empiric therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell D. Weidmann
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, CHC 3-324, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Yuexiu Wu
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Fann Wu
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, CHC 3-324, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Dhrupa D. Hapani
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, CHC 3-324, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Daniel A. Green
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, CHC 3-324, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Justin G. Aaron
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Gregory J. Berry
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, CHC 3-324, New York, NY 10032 USA
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20
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Yang Y, Li S, Zhang L, Fu H, Zhou G, Chen M. Skin and soft tissue infection of Nontuberculous mycobacterium after injection lipolysis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1207-1212. [PMID: 36606392 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection lipolysis is used for body and face contouring due to its minimal invasiveness and cost-effectiveness, but related complications such as nontuberculous mycobacterium infection significantly affect its clinical application. AIMS This study aimed to review the literature on NTM infection after injection lipolysis. METHODS We conducted a literature review of scientific journals published in Medline and PubMed up to September 2022 on patients with NTM skin and soft tissue infections. We used the keywords: nontuberculous mycobacterium, infection, injection lipolysis, and lipolytic solution in various combinations with the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT. Only articles available in English and full version publications were considered for this review. Here, we reviewed the relevant mechanisms and drugs for injectable lipolysis and analyzed the possible correlation between NTM infection and injection lipolysis. We also summarize methods for the diagnosis and treatment of NTM infections and present some perspectives on this therapy. RESULTS Many patients with NTM infections had a history of fat-related surgery or therapy. NTM infection after injection lipolysis may be related to inadequate disinfection and sterilization of injection equipment and clinical procedures, the unqualified medication itself and free fatty acids released during injection lipolysis. Currently, diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection after lipolysis injections remains challenging. CONCLUSIONS Injection lipolysis represents a helpful option for local fat reduction. Doctors should strictly abide by the aseptic operation standards and use qualified products for there is a correlation between skin and soft tissue infection of nontuberculous mycobacterium and injection lipolysis. Providers should understand the mechanism, indications, and associated risks of injection lipolysis when injecting fat-dissolving drugs to reduce localized fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Fu
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Guiwen Zhou
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minliang Chen
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Alam MS, Guan P, Zhu Y, Zeng S, Fang X, Wang S, Yusuf B, Zhang J, Tian X, Fang C, Gao Y, Khatun MS, Liu Z, Hameed HMA, Tan Y, Hu J, Liu J, Zhang T. Comparative genome analysis reveals high-level drug resistance markers in a clinical isolate of Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp . fortuitum MF GZ001. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1056007. [PMID: 36683685 PMCID: PMC9846761 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1056007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infections caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria are significantly worsening across the globe. M. fortuitum complex is a rapidly growing pathogenic species that is of clinical relevance to both humans and animals. This pathogen has the potential to create adverse effects on human healthcare. Methods The MF GZ001 clinical strain was collected from the sputum of a 45-year-old male patient with a pulmonary infection. The morphological studies, comparative genomic analysis, and drug resistance profiles along with variants detection were performed in this study. In addition, comparative analysis of virulence genes led us to understand the pathogenicity of this organism. Results Bacterial growth kinetics and morphology confirmed that MF GZ001 is a rapidly growing species with a rough morphotype. The MF GZ001 contains 6413573 bp genome size with 66.18 % high G+C content. MF GZ001 possesses a larger genome than other related mycobacteria and included 6156 protein-coding genes. Molecular phylogenetic tree, collinearity, and comparative genomic analysis suggested that MF GZ001 is a novel member of the M. fortuitum complex. We carried out the drug resistance profile analysis and found single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in key drug resistance genes such as rpoB, katG, AAC(2')-Ib, gyrA, gyrB, embB, pncA, blaF, thyA, embC, embR, and iniA. In addition, the MF GZ001strain contains mutations in iniA, iniC, pncA, and ribD which conferred resistance to isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and para-aminosalicylic acid respectively, which are not frequently observed in rapidly growing mycobacteria. A wide variety of predicted putative potential virulence genes were found in MF GZ001, most of which are shared with well-recognized mycobacterial species with high pathogenic profiles such as M. tuberculosis and M. abscessus. Discussion Our identified novel features of a pathogenic member of the M. fortuitum complex will provide the foundation for further investigation of mycobacterial pathogenicity and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shah Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sanshan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiange Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buhari Yusuf
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xirong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mst Sumaia Khatun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - H M Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoju Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Shen Y, Haig SJ, Prussin AJ, LiPuma JJ, Marr LC, Raskin L. Shower water contributes viable nontuberculous mycobacteria to indoor air. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac145. [PMID: 36712351 PMCID: PMC9802317 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are frequently present in municipal drinking water and building plumbing, and some are believed to cause respiratory tract infections through inhalation of NTM-containing aerosols generated during showering. However, the present understanding of NTM transfer from water to air is insufficient to develop NTM risk mitigation strategies. This study aimed to characterize the contribution of shower water to the abundance of viable NTM in indoor air. Shower water and indoor air samples were collected, and 16S rRNA and rpoB genes were sequenced. The sequencing results showed that running the shower impacted the bacterial community structure and NTM species composition in indoor air by transferring certain bacteria from water to air. A mass balance model combined with NTM quantification results revealed that on average 1/132 and 1/254 of NTM cells in water were transferred to air during 1 hour of showering using a rain and massage showerhead, respectively. A large fraction of the bacteria transferred from water to air were membrane-damaged, i.e. they had compromised membranes based on analysis by live/dead staining and flow cytometry. However, the damaged NTM in air were recoverable as shown by growth in a culture medium mimicking the respiratory secretions of people with cystic fibrosis, implying a potential infection risk by NTM introduced to indoor air during shower running. Among the recovered NTM, Mycobacterium mucogenicum was the dominant species as determined by rpoB gene sequencing. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for future pathogen risk management and public health protection in the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron J Prussin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Kok NA, Peker N, Schuele L, de Beer JL, Rossen JWA, Sinha B, Couto N. Host DNA depletion can increase the sensitivity of Mycobacterium spp. detection through shotgun metagenomics in sputum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:949328. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.949328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing for mycobacteria are time-consuming and challenging but essential for managing mycobacterial infections. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can increase diagnostic speed and quality, but standardization is still lacking for many aspects (e.g., unbiased extraction, host depletion, bioinformatic analysis). Targeted PCR approaches directly on sample material are limited by the number of targets that can be included. Unbiased shotgun metagenomics on direct material is hampered by the massive amount of host DNA, which should be removed to improve the microbial detection sensitivity. For this reason, we developed a method for NGS-based diagnosis of mycobacteria directly from patient material. As a model, we used the non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) Mycobacterium abscessus. We first compared the efficiency of three different DNA extraction kits for isolating DNA (quality and concentration). The two most efficient kits were then used in a follow-up study using artificial sputum. Finally, one extraction kit was selected and further evaluated for DNA isolation from a patients’ sputum mixture spiked with M. abscessus at three concentrations (final concentrations 108, 107, 106 CFU/ml). The spiked sputum samples were processed with and without saponin treatment (ST) in combination with DNAse treatment prior to bacterial DNA extraction to evaluate the recovery of bacteria and depletion of host DNA by PCR and Illumina sequencing.While Ct values of the qPCR targeting mycobacterial ITS DNA remained rather stable, Ct values in the qPCR targeting the human β-actin gene increased by five Ct values in ST samples. In subsequent Illumina sequencing, a decrease of 89% of reads mapped to the human genome was observed in ST samples. The percentage of reads mapped to M. abscessus (108 CFU/ml) increased by 89%, and the sequencing depth increased two times when undergoing ST.In conclusion, the sensitivity of M. abscessus detection in artificial sputum was increased using a saponin pre-treatment step. The saponin followed by the DNase I treatment approach could be efficiently applied to detect and characterize mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis, directly from sputum.
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Singh M, Krishnan M, Ruiz ME, Sheikh FH. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections Associated With Left Ventricular Assist Devices in 3 Patients. Tex Heart Inst J 2022; 49:483734. [PMID: 35838643 DOI: 10.14503/thij-20-7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) provide circulatory support in patients with end-stage heart failure; however, complications include infection of the driveline exit site. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are rare in patients with LVADs, but they should be considered in those who have undergone device exchanges and have bacterial infections with driveline exit-site discharge but no fever or leukocytosis. We reviewed the charts of patients who had an LVAD implanted at our institution from January 2009 through December 2019, to identify those with a device-related nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Collected data included patient demographics, premorbid conditions, infection type, previous device complications, treatment, and outcomes. We identified infections in 3 patients (mean age, 41 yr): Mycobacterium abscessus in 2 and M. chimaera in 1. All had a HeartMate II device and had undergone device exchanges for pump thrombosis or for driveline fault or infections. All presented with driveline exit-site discharge without fever or leukocytosis. The mean time between initial device implantation and diagnosis of a nontuberculous mycobacterial infection was 55 months. All 3 patients were treated with antibiotics and underwent localized surgical débridement; one underwent an additional device exchange. The M. abscessus infections disseminated, and both patients died; the patient with M. chimaera infection continued to take suppressive antibiotics. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, warranting prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manavotam Singh
- Division of Cardiology, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Mrinalini Krishnan
- Division of Cardiology, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Maria Elena Ruiz
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Farooq H Sheikh
- Division of Cardiology, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
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Wang L, Wang F, Yang C, Luo F. Central nervous system infection caused by Mycobacterium houstonense: A case report. Front Neurol 2022; 13:908086. [PMID: 36119702 PMCID: PMC9475202 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.908086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMycobacterium houstonense is a rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) that belongs to the unnamed third biovariant complex of the Mycobacterium fortuitum group, which is rarely responsible for human infection. Approximately 76% of infections caused by the M. fortuitum group occur after open fractures or skin, soft tissue, bone, or puncture wounds. To date, only a few cases of human infectious disease caused by M. houstonense have been reported worldwide.Case presentationWe present a case of a 26-year-old man with a central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by M. houstonense. The patient was transferred to our hospital because of headaches and muscle strength changes. One month prior to presentation at our hospital, the patient was diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis at the other two hospitals, but his condition did not improve after anti-tuberculous treatment, antibiotics, and anti-viral treatment before admission to our hospital. Lumbar puncture was performed at both previous hospitals, as well as at our hospital; the results consistently indicated high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure. M. houstonense was detected in the CSF of the second hospital's lumbar puncture by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) but was not identified at our hospital. The patient was discharged from our hospital after receiving non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) treatment for 1 month according to the Chinese NTM guidelines. However, the patient died 20 days after discharge.ConclusionSince it is difficult to identify M. houstonense, this is the first case of human CNS infection caused by M. houstonense in China. This case may be considered by neurologists and infectious physicians when CNS infection does not respond to conventional treatment, especially in the uncommon type of NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiXia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - FaPing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - FengMing Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: FengMing Luo
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New RAPMYCOI SensititreTM Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Atypical Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria (RGM). Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081976. [PMID: 36010326 PMCID: PMC9407062 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) cause an increasing international concern, mainly due to their natural resistance to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to conduct species identification and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of RGM isolated in Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using broth microdilution and the RAPMYCOI panel. A total of 60 strains were analysed, including the following species: M. fortuitum complex (30), M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (16), M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (7), M. chelonae (5), and M. mucogenicum (2). For 12 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus strains, the presence of the erm 41T28 genotype associated with inducible macrolide resistance and a functional erm gene was confirmed. A MUT2 mutation in the rrl gene (constitutive resistance) was identified for two strains from the subtype M. abscessus subsp. massiliense. Among the 15 tested antibiotics, amikacin and linezolid had the strongest antimycobacterial activity. Most of the tested strains were resistant to doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Tigecycline MICs were low for all tested strains. Findings from our study highlight the importance of correct identification of clinical isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Vetere A, Bertocchi M, Pagano TB, Di Ianni F, Nardini G. First case of systemic fatal mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium goodii in a pet Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus loveridgei). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:291. [PMID: 35883142 PMCID: PMC9317245 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria species that are not members of the M. tuberculosis complex, are ordinary inhabitants of a wide variety of environmental reservoirs and their role in human and animal diseases has been fully recognized. Even if spontaneous mycobacterial infections have been reported in a wide variety of reptiles, this is the first report of systemic fatal mycobacteriosis sustained by Mycobacterium goodii in a pet reptile. Case presentation An adult, wild caught (WC), male Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus loveridgei) age unknown, was presented for clinical examination due to decreased activity level, decreased appetite and diarrhea. Blood tests showed unreliable results. Coprologic exam showed a moderate to severe presence of flagellates. X rays and ultrasound showed moderate presence of air and faeces in the large intestine. The snake was hospitalized and oral metronidazole was chosen as antiprotozoal agent in association with subcutaneous warm fluids. The snake was discharged after 2 weeks therapy in good clinical condition. Faecal exam resulted negative. One month after, the snake was quickly hospitalized again because of a recrudescence of symptoms. Biochemistry showed severe increase of AST, ALT and biliary acids. Severe leucocytosis and moderate to severe anemia were highlighted. Ultrasound examination revealed a severe diffused alteration of the liver parenchyma and a fine needle aspiration was performed. The cytological diagnosis was mixed inflammation, with a numerous of unstained rod-shaped bacteria both inside macrophages and free in the sample. The snake’s condition rapidly deteriorated and euthanasia was performed. The histology of the coelomic organs confirmed a systemic mycobacteriosis. Real-time PCR identified the mycobacteria as Mycobacterium goodii. Conclusions Species from the genus Mycobacterium are among the most important micro-organism including the causative agents of tuberculosis. Even if the general incidence of disease in reptiles due to mycobacteria is comparatively low, they can serve as reservoirs of many ubiquitous mycobacteria species. Mycobacterium goodii is a rapidly growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterium that has recently been associated with severe infections in animals and humans. Although in this case the pathogenesis was not completely clear, we highlight the zoonotic risk of mycobacteriosis in exotic animals especially in WC specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vetere
- Clinica Veterinaria Modena Sud, Piazza dei Tintori, 1, Spilamberto, MO, Italy
| | - Mara Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, PR, Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Di Ianni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, PR, Italy
| | - Giordano Nardini
- Clinica Veterinaria Modena Sud, Piazza dei Tintori, 1, Spilamberto, MO, Italy
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Rapid Detection of Clarithromycin and Amikacin Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus Complex by High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0057422. [PMID: 35638787 PMCID: PMC9241889 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00574-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) infection is the most noteworthy health care problem. Clarithromycin (CLA) and amikacin (AMK) constitute the cornerstone of treatment for patients infected with MABC; thus, early detection of resistance to these two drugs is essential for formulating effective therapeutic regimens. In the present study, we aimed to validate the use of MeltPro MAB assay, a melting curve analysis with dually labeled probes, on a set of clinical isolates to detect CLA and AMK resistance. A total of 103 clinical MABC strains were collected in our analysis, including 76 strains of M. abscessussubsp. Abscessus (MAA) and 27 strains of M. abscessussubsp. Massiliense (MAM). In vitro susceptibility testing revealed that two isolates exhibited intrinsic CLA resistance by harboring A2270T mutation in rrl, and inducible resistance was noted in 42 isolates. Additionally, two MAA isolates with erm(41)T28 genotype were susceptible to CLA. Notably, we found three out of 44 isolates had two melting curve peaks, representing the simultaneous presence of mutant and the wild type in these specimens. In contrast, no known mutations were identified in six AMK-resistant isolates. Further analysis revealed that MeltPro yielded 100% and 96.67% sensitivity and specificity for detecting CLA resistance. In summary, this study firstly demonstrates that MeltPro is a promising diagnostic for early detection of CLA resistance for MABC isolates, which significantly improves the turnaround time within 2 h. Approximate two fifths of MABC isolates are resistant to CLA by 23S rRNA mutation or its methylation, emphasizing the urgent need for early detection of CLA resistance prior to empirical treatment of MABC infections. IMPORTANCEMycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) has attracted increasing attention due to the numerous cases of infection. This pathogen is notorious for its intrinsic drug resistance, which complicates clinical management of patients with MABC infections. Clarithromycin (CLA) and amikacin (AMK) are the cornerstone of treatment regimens for MABC. Herein, our data firstly demonstrates that MeltPro is a promising diagnostic for early detection of CLA resistance for MABC isolates. The high frequency of CLA-resistant MABC isolates in China emphasizes the urgent need for early detection of CLA resistance prior to empirical treatment of MABC infections.
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Shabi Y, Haldane D, Bonnar P. Mycobacterium fortuitum pacemaker infection: A case report. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2022; 7:81-83. [PMID: 36340848 PMCID: PMC9603015 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, ubiquitous in soil and water, but it is an uncommon cause of infections in immunocompetent hosts. Cardiac device infections and bloodstream infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria are rare. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of an 85-year-old patient with infective endocarditis and pacemaker lead infection secondary to M. fortuitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Shabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Haldane
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paul Bonnar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Comba IY, Chesdachai S, Tabaja H, Mahmood M, Deml S, Wengenack NL, Wilson JW. Cardiovascular device infections due to rapidly growing Mycobacteria: A review of cases at a tertiary care hospital. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 26:100296. [PMID: 35059507 PMCID: PMC8760459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular device infection due to rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Due to the increasing number of indications and use of cardiovascular devices in an aging population, optimized management of these infections is of great importance. We report seven cases of RGM cardiovascular device infection. Three patients had left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) infections; two patients had cardiovascular implantable device (CIED) infections; and one had an aortic vascular stent infection. Specific cardiac valvular infection was not detected among any of the patients. All patients had a high number of comorbidities which limited some patients from receiving optimal combination antimicrobial therapy. The prognosis of cardiovascular device infections with RGM is guarded with only four patients still alive; however, the treatment approach for each patient varied considerably and often based on concurrent medical conditions, overall adjustments to goals of care, and specific patient preferences. Further analysis of cardiovascular device infections with RGM is warranted to establish a more systematic approach in successful management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isin Yagmur Comba
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Corresponding author at: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hussam Tabaja
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sharon Deml
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nancy L. Wengenack
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John W. Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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31
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Huang G, Chen L. Mesh infection of Mycobacterium fortuitum after inguinal hernia repair: A rare case report and literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ABDOMINAL WALL AND HERNIA SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijawhs.ijawhs_39_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Hsu JY, Cheng A, Ku CC, Chen YC, Wang JT, Hsieh TW, Sheng WH, Chang SC, Wu UI. Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense exhibit distinct host and organ specificity: a cross-sectional study. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 116:21-26. [PMID: 34954310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Precise subspeciation of Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MAB) is crucial for predicting antibiotic susceptibilities and patient outcomes. However, routine clinical microbiology laboratories have limited diagnostic tools for the differentiation of the subspecies. Thus, we investigated the predictors for MAB subspecies to actuate rapid differentiation and the optimal treatment plans. METHODS We retrospectively identified stored clinical isolates of MAB and reviewed patient medical records to compare clinical characteristics, sites of infection, and outcomes among patients infected with M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (M. abscessus) and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (M. massiliense). MAB subspecies were characterized by multilocus sequence analysis with three-locus sequence (hsp65, rpoB, and secA1) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS After outbreak and duplicated cases were excluded, 56 and 36 patients with infection caused by M. abscessus and M. massiliense, respectively, were included in the analysis. Patients with either cardiovascular disease or risk factors for cardiovascular disease (male gender and age ≥55 years) were 4.5 times more likely to harbor M. abscessus (P = 0.002), while M. massiliense was 4.8 times more frequently recovered from cutaneous and surgical wounds (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Distinct host and organ specificity were observed among patients infected with M. abscessus and those with M. massiliense. These differences may provide clinically significant clues to optimize treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Aristine Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yee-Chun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jann-Tay Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tan-Wen Hsieh
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wang-Huei Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Chwen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Un-In Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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A new approach to the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterium skin infections caused by iatrogenic manipulation: Photodynamic therapy combined with antibiotics: A pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102695. [PMID: 34923157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the number of nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections caused by iatrogenic procedures, especially rapid NTM skin infections, has been increasing. Due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations and nonstandard treatment guidelines, these infections are often misdiagnosed and challenging to treat. METHODS In this study, eight patients had NTM skin infections caused by iatrogenic procedures, and were diagnosed by bacterial culture and flight mass spectrometry tests. They were treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with antibiotic therapy. RESULTS All eight patients enrolled in the study were cured with 100% efficacy after receiving combination therapy with ALA-PDT and antibiotics for 3-6 months. All patients experienced redness and pain during treatment but no other discomfort and were satisfified with the results of their treatments. CONCLUSION Local ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics is a safe and effective method of treating NTM skin infections.
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Vongthilath-Moeung R, Plojoux J, Poncet A, Renzi G, Veziris N, Schrenzel J, Janssens JP. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria under Scrutiny in the Geneva Area (2015-2020). Respiration 2021; 101:367-375. [PMID: 34875659 DOI: 10.1159/000520033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly identified in industrialized countries, and their role as pathogens is more frequently recognized. The relative prevalence of NTM strains shows an important geographical variability. Thus, establishing the local relative prevalence of NTM strains is relevant and useful for clinicians. METHODS Retrospective analysis (2015-2020) of a comprehensive database was conducted including all results of cultures for mycobacteria in a University Hospital (Geneva, Switzerland), covering a population of approximately 500,000 inhabitants. All NTM culture-positive patients were included in the analyses. Patients' characteristics, NTM strains, and time to culture positivity were reported. RESULTS Among 38,065 samples analyzed during the study period, 411 were culture-positive for NTM, representing 236 strains, and 231 episodes of care which occurred in 222 patients. Patients in whom NTM were identified were predominantly female (55%), with a median age of 62 years, and a low BMI (median: 22.6 kg/m2). The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was the most frequently identified group (37% of strains) followed by Mycobacterium gordonae (25%) and Mycobacterium xenopi (12%) among the slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM), while the Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus group (11%) were the most frequently identified rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). Only 19% of all patients were treated, mostly for pulmonary infections: the MAC was the most frequently treated NTM (n = 19, 43% of cases in patients treated) followed by RGM (n = 15, 34%) and M. xenopi (n = 6, 14%). Among those treated, 23% were immunosuppressed, 12% had pulmonary comorbidities, and 5% systemic comorbidities. Cultures became positive after a median of 41 days (IQR: 23; 68) for SGM and 28 days (14; 35) for RGM. CONCLUSIONS In Western Switzerland, M. avium and M. gordonae were the most prevalent NTM identified. Positive cultures for NTM led to a specific treatment in 19% of subjects. Patients with a positive culture for NTM were mostly female, with a median age of 62 years, a low BMI, and a low prevalence of immunosuppression or associated severe comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rechana Vongthilath-Moeung
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Jérôme Plojoux
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Poncet
- Center for Clinical Research & Division of Clinical-Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gesuele Renzi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Veziris
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), UMR 1135, Département de Bactériologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Janssens
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Comba IY, Tabaja H, Almeida NEC, Fida M, Saleh OA. Bloodstream infections with rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2021; 25:100288. [PMID: 34849410 PMCID: PMC8609139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) with rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) resulted in recent nosocomial outbreaks predominantly in immunocompromised patients. A little is known about the clinical implications of RGM BSI with different species. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with RGM BSI from November 2011 to December 2020. Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiographic findings and microbiological characteristics were used to tabulate descriptive statistics. We performed a comparative analysis of patients with BSI due to Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) vs. other RGM. Results We identified 32 patients with positive blood cultures for RGM, 4/32 (12.5%) were considered to have unclear significance. The most common source for RGM BSI was intravascular catheters (14/28, 50%). Compared to other sources, patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) received a shorter course of antimicrobial therapy (median [IQR]: one month [0.37–2.25] vs. six months [2–12]), (P = 0.01). The most common species isolated were MABC (12/28, 42.9%), followed by Mycobacterium fortuitum group (6/28, 21.4%) and Mycobacterium chelonae (6/28, 21.4%). Compared to other RGM, MABC BSI was more likely to be secondary to skin and soft tissue infection, associated with longer hospital stay (P = 0.04) and higher death rates despite a higher number of antimicrobial agents used for empirical and directed therapy per patient. Conclusion MABC BSI is associated with an overall more resistant profile, longer hospital stay, and higher death rate despite a more aggressive therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isin Yagmur Comba
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hussam Tabaja
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Natalia E Castillo Almeida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Madiha Fida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Omar Abu Saleh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Guo L, Lv S, Zeng J, Yang J, Shan B, Li F. Cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae in a Patient with Sjogren's Syndrome. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4977-4981. [PMID: 34858038 PMCID: PMC8631975 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s342336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) was misdiagnosed as sporotrichosis. A 56-year-old female patient was admitted to another hospital. Based on results of the histopathological examination and secretion culture obtained at the other hospital, the patient was diagnosed with sporotrichosis and received antifungal therapy. After treatment failure, the patient was admitted to our hospital, and a histopathological examination and secretion culture were performed again. The secretion culture revealed the presence of Mycobacterium chelonae. The antinuclear antibody test suggested SS, and the patient was treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Lv
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baihui Shan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiu Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Tristán-Samaniego DP, García-Grimshaw M, Jiménez-Ruiz A, González-Duarte A. Brain and spinal cord abscesses caused by Mycobacterium mucogenicum in an immunocompetent patient. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 39:420-421. [PMID: 34620477 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel García-Grimshaw
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Amado Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra González-Duarte
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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A Ventral Hernia-repair-related Mycobacterium mageritense Mesh Infection Treated with NPWT without Mesh Removal. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3799. [PMID: 34513541 PMCID: PMC8423399 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal hernias are often repaired using prosthetic mesh, which is susceptible to infections. Normally, it is necessary to remove the mesh. However, successful mesh salvation with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has recently been reported. We encountered Mycobacterium(M) mageritense infection after hernia repair using the mesh. M. mageritense is classified as a fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, but few cases have been reported. Nontuberculous mycobacterium can cause rare chronic infections. Skin and soft-tissue infections by nontuberculous mycobacterium involving localized abscess formation and chronic abscesses under various situations have been reported. We report an 85-year-old woman in whom a ventral hernia repair-related M. mageritense mesh infection was treated with NPWT without mesh removal. The hernia was repaired using Bard Ventralex mesh. Pus discharge was seen on the seventh postoperative day, and there was a small area of necrosis under the mesh. From the 13th postoperative day, NPWT was performed for 4 weeks. On the 29th postoperative day, a M. mageritense infection was diagnosed, which was resistant to multiple drugs. After the NPWT, most of the wound showed good granulation tissue formation. In conclusion, the mesh used to repair a hernia became infected with M. mageritense, but NPWT was able to salvage it. In cases of mesh infection involving small necrotic areas, performing NPWT under the guidance of an infectious disease expert may make it possible to preserve the mesh.
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Rossi GG, Guterres KB, Moreira KS, Burgo TAL, de Campos MMA, Iglesias BA. Photo-damage promoted by tetra-cationic palladium(II) porphyrins in rapidly growing mycobacteria. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102514. [PMID: 34481062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has gained prominence in microbiology, especially in treating non-invasive infections. Diseases such as mycobacteriosis, which causes localized infections and has a slow treatment, tend to be future targets for this type of technology. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the action of two isomeric Pd(II)-porphyrins on fast-growing mycobacterial strains (RGM). Tetra-cationic porphyrins (4-PdTPyP and 3-PdTPyP) were synthesized and applied against standard strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus (ATCC 19977), Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084), and Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense (ATCC 48898). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were used in an attempt to determine possible ROS produced by the photosensitizers (PS) under study. Moreover, the impact of porphyrin on the mycobacterial surface was further evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and we observed significant damage on cells walls and altered nanomechanical and electrostatic adhesion properties. The results presented herein show that the positively charged porphyrin at the meta position (3-PdTPyP) was the most efficient PS against the RGM strains, and its bactericidal activity was proven in two irradiation sessions, with singlet oxygen species being the main ROS involved in this process. This study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of porphyrins, especially the 3-PdTPyP derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazille Guidolin Rossi
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kevim Bordignon Guterres
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Schneider Moreira
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Lima Burgo
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil..
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Vyas V, Bryant SM, Shah A, Savici D. Disseminated Mycobacterium chelonae infection with Hughes-Stovin syndrome. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2021; 34:595-596. [PMID: 34456482 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1918817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium chelonae usually causes localized cutaneous infections and abscesses but has the potential to cause disseminated infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We report a 27-year-old man with Hughes-Stovin syndrome and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome who was on chronic immunosuppressant therapy and developed disseminated M. chelonae infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of M. chelonae infection in a patient with Hughes-Stovin syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Vyas
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Stephanie M Bryant
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Amish Shah
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Dana Savici
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Tamilarasan K, Annapoorani A, Manikandan R, Janarthanan S. Isolation, characterization of galactose-specific lectin from Odoiporus longicollis and its antibacterial and anticancer activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1119-1135. [PMID: 33974923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are renowned hemagglutinins and multivalent proteins with a well known quality for sugar-binding specificity that participate significantly in invertebrate defense functions. Studies on biological activity of lectin from coleopteran insect are very scarce. In this study, lectin from the hemolymph in the grub of banana pest, Odoiporus longicollis was subjected to purification, biochemical and functional characterizations. The lectin was purified by PEG precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography using Q-Sepharose as a matrix. The purified lectin showed hemagglutination activity against rat erythrocytes, heat-labile, cation independent and insensitive to EDTA. Further, the carbohydrate affinity of this lectin was found with mannitol, adonitol, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and sorbitol. The native form of purified lectin was calculated as 360 kDa by FPLC system. Denatured gel electrophoresis of the purified lectin consisted of five distinct polypeptides with molecular weights approximately 160, 60, 52, 40 and 38 kDa, respectively. The amino acid sequences obtained through peptide mass fingerprinting analysis exhibited homologies to the known conserved regions of galactose binding lectins. Further, the purified lectin exhibited bacterial inhibition with LPS from Serratia marcescens. In addition, isolated lectin also exerted bacterial agglutination, antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Bacillus pumilus and Neuro 2a cell line, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angusamy Annapoorani
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Ramar Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Sundaram Janarthanan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Comparing genotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense clinical isolates in China. Epidemiol Infect 2021. [PMCID: PMC8569833 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility of members of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC): subsp. massiliense and subsp. abscessus, and to identify associations between strain genotypes and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. A total of 383 clinical MABC isolates (subsp. abscessus: n = 218, 56.9%; subsp. massiliense: n = 163, 42.6%; subsp. bolletii: n = 2, 0.5%) were characterised using multilocus variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing and drug susceptibility testing. Most isolates exhibited susceptibility to amikacin, clarithromycin and azithromycin but resistance to cefoxitin and minocycline was statistically more associated with isolates unclustered by VNTR type. The Simpson's diversity indexes of VNTR typing for M. abscessus and M. massiliense isolates were 0.999 and 0.997, respectively. Genotyping of M. abscessus and M. massiliense isolates by VNTR may provide valuable information for predicting resistance phenotype.
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Wallace E, Hendrickson D, Tolli N, Mehaffy C, Peña M, Nick JA, Knabenbaur P, Watkins J, Simpson A, Amin AG, Chatterjee D, Dobos KM, Lahiri R, Adams L, Strong M, Salfinger M, Bradford R, Stedman TT, Riojas MA, Hazbón MH. Culturing Mycobacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2314:1-58. [PMID: 34235647 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Building upon the foundational research of Robert Koch, who demonstrated the ability to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the first time in 1882 using media made of coagulated bovine serum, microbiologists have continued to develop new and more efficient ways to grow mycobacteria. Presently, all known mycobacterial species can be grown in the laboratory using either axenic culture techniques or in vivo passage in laboratory animals. This chapter provides conventional protocols to grow mycobacteria for diagnostic purposes directly from clinical specimens, as well as in research laboratories for scientific purposes. Detailed protocols used for production of M. tuberculosis in large scale (under normoxic and hypoxic conditions) in bioreactors and for production of obligate intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium leprae and "Mycobacterium lepromatosis" using athymic nude mice and armadillos are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolina Mehaffy
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - María Peña
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jerry A Nick
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Phillip Knabenbaur
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jackson Watkins
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anne Simpson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anita G Amin
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Karen M Dobos
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ramanuj Lahiri
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Linda Adams
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Michael Strong
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Max Salfinger
- College of Public Health & Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Tristán-Samaniego DP, García-Grimshaw M, Jiménez-Ruiz A, González-Duarte A. Brain and spinal cord abscesses caused by Mycobacterium mucogenicum in an immunocompetent patient. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 39:S0213-005X(20)30326-8. [PMID: 33353773 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel García-Grimshaw
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Amado Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra González-Duarte
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Kurokawa K, Harada N, Sasano H, Takagi H, Takei S, Nakamura A, Kamada K, Yoshida A, Kikuchi K, Takahashi K. Pulmonary infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycolicibacterium fortuitum: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:866. [PMID: 33213390 PMCID: PMC7678322 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycolicibacterium fortuitum is a species of the rapidly growing mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary infection. It is susceptible to multiple antibiotics both in vitro and in clinical practice, so that any combination of susceptible drugs is effective. However, we encountered a case of infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant M. fortuitum. In this study, we report the case and describe the mechanism of resistance. Case presentation A 65-year-old man with a history of total gastrectomy and immunosuppressant treatment for rheumatoid arthritis developed a recurrence of pulmonary infection caused by M. fortuitum. He was treated with clarithromycin and levofloxacin as a first-line treatment, based on the favorable susceptibility at that time. After recurrence, a high minimum inhibitory concentration to fluoroquinolones was detected. DNA sequencing of the pathogen showed the substitution of serine for tryptophan at residue 83 in the gyrA gene. He was successfully treated with a combination of other antibiotics. Conclusion This is the first report on the treatment of fluoroquinolone-resistant M. fortuitum and investigation of the mechanism of resistance. We suggest that the susceptibility test remains effective for determining the next line of treatment after a pathogen has acquired resistance, and resistance to fluoroquinolones in M. fortuitum can be attributed to a single change of amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Kurokawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Sasano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Haruhi Takagi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Satomi Takei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kamada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
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Mycobacterium septicum: a 6-Year Clinical Experience from a Tertiary Hospital and Reference Laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.02091-20. [PMID: 32967896 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02091-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium septicum is a rarely identified nontuberculous mycobacterium capable of causing infections in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Only a few cases of M. septicum infections have been reported, which makes recognizing corresponding clinical disease more challenging for clinicians. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for this organism are not well described, and corresponding optimal therapeutic regimens have not been established. We report a tertiary care center's experience with M. septicum from 2014 to 2020. Twelve adult patients with positive cultures for M. septicum were identified. Most cases were identified from sputum samples of individuals with underlying lung disease. Most cases involving M. septicum isolation in culture were not felt to be clinically significant. Two cases were considered possible infections, while only one case was considered a definite infection that required antimicrobial treatment. All M. septicum isolates were susceptible in vitro to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Isolates were universally resistant to clarithromycin and doxycycline. The isolation of M. septicum in culture is uncommon and requires clinical correlation to determine its clinical relevance and need for treatment. Susceptibility testing should be performed to guide therapy.
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Che X, Li Q, Wang L, Jiang J, Shen X, Qian Y, Wang Z. Endophthalmitis caused by Mycobacterium houstonense: case report. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:849. [PMID: 33198648 PMCID: PMC7668021 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium houstonense is rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) that belongs to M. fortuitum group. So far, there have been few associated reports of human diseases induced by M. houstonense worldwide. CASE PRESENTATION We present a delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis caused by M. houstonense after glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery. The ocular infection lasted for 2 months without appropriate treatment that developed into endophthalmitis and the patient underwent an emergency enucleation. CONCLUSION Implant erosion and a delay in diagnosis of ocular infection could lead to irreversible damage as observed in our case. Ophthalmologists should be alert for ocular RGM infection, and prompt laboratory diagnosis with initiation of effective multidrug therapy might prevent loss of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingjian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Luoziyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuzhong Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiwen Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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d'Incau S, Vargas MI, Calmy A, Janssens JP. Mycobaterium fortuitum disseminated infection in an immunocompetent patient without predisposing factors. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/9/e235842. [PMID: 32994269 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Mycobacterium fortuitum infections described involve direct inoculation through skin lesions. We describe the case of a patient without risk factors who presented with an intracranial mass and a pulmonary infection with M. fortuitum As M. fortuitum are rarely pathogens, there is little knowledge about the optimal treatment and outcome of such infections: what is the best mode of administration, what is the best therapy duration and is surgery always required are some of the unanswered questions. In our patient, surgical removal of the mass associated with a 1-year antimycobacterial therapy led to a full recovery. Even though M. fortuitum was rapidly identified in sputum, it was initially considered non-pathogenic and the definitive diagnosis required almost 6 weeks of investigations. New molecular techniques will probably lead to more identifications of M. fortuitum in the next few years and a better knowledge of their possible pathogenicity and optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie d'Incau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandra Calmy
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Janssens
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mycobacterium mageritense Prosthetic Joint Infection. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020; 2020:8845430. [PMID: 32733720 PMCID: PMC7369673 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8845430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) complicate up to 2% of arthroplasties and are usually caused by typical bacterial agents (e.g., staphylococci and streptococci). Although an infrequent cause of PJI, mycobacterial species are difficult to eradicate, as they adhere to hardware, form biofilms, and have high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Mycobacterium mageritense is a rapidly growing Mycobacterium that has been infrequently described as a cause of surgical and device-related infections. We herein described a case of prosthetic knee infection due to M. mageritense. The patient was treated with removal of hardware, antimicrobials, and prosthetic knee reimplantation with a good outcome. To our knowledge, M. mageritense has not been previously described as a cause of PJI in the medical literature.
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Johansen MD, Kremer L. CFTR Depletion Confers Hypersusceptibility to Mycobacterium fortuitum in a Zebrafish Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:357. [PMID: 32850470 PMCID: PMC7396536 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium fortuitum complex comprises several closely related species, causing pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections. However, there is very limited knowledge about the disease pathogenesis involved in M. fortuitum infections, particularly due to the lack of suitable animal models. Using the zebrafish model, we show that embryos are susceptible to M. fortuitum infection in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos form granulomas from as early as 2 days post-infection, recapitulating critical aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis observed in other pathogenic species. The formation of extracellular cords in infected embryos highlights a previously unknown pathogenic feature of M. fortuitum. The formation of large corded structures occurs also during in vitro growth, suggesting that this is not a host-adapted stress mechanism deployed during infection. Moreover, transient macrophage depletion led to rapid embryo death with increased extracellular cords, indicating that macrophages are essential determinants of M. fortuitum infection control. Importantly, morpholino depletion of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) significantly increased embryo death, bacterial burden, bacterial cords and abscesses. There was a noticeable decrease in the number of cftr-deficient infected embryos with granulomas as compared to infected controls, suggesting that loss of CFTR leads to impaired host immune responses and confers hypersusceptiblity to M. fortuitum infection. Overall, these findings highlight the application of the zebrafish embryo to study M. fortuitum and emphasizes previously unexplored aspects of disease pathogenesis of this significant mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Johansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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