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Elling CL, Goff SH, Hirsch SD, Tholen K, Kofonow JM, Curtis D, Robertson CE, Prager JD, Yoon PJ, Wine TM, Chan KH, Scholes MA, Friedman NR, Frank DN, Herrmann BW, Santos-Cortez RLP. Otitis Media in Children with Down Syndrome Is Associated with Shifts in the Nasopharyngeal and Middle Ear Microbiotas. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:221-228. [PMID: 37522794 PMCID: PMC10494904 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Otitis media (OM) is defined as middle ear (ME) inflammation that is usually due to infection. Globally, OM is a leading cause of hearing loss and is the most frequently diagnosed disease in young children. For OM, pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS) demonstrate higher incidence rates, greater severity, and poorer outcomes. However, to date, no studies have investigated the bacterial profiles of children with DS and OM. Method: We aimed to determine if there are differences in composition of bacterial profiles or the relative abundance of individual taxa within the ME and nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiotas of pediatric OM patients with DS (n = 11) compared with those without DS (n = 84). We sequenced the 16S rRNA genes and analyzed the sequence data for diversity indices and relative abundance of individual taxa. Results: Individuals with DS demonstrated increased biodiversity in their ME and NP microbiotas. In children with OM, DS was associated with increased biodiversity and higher relative abundance of specific taxa in the ME. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that dysbioses in the NP of DS children contributes to their increased susceptibility to OM compared with controls. These findings suggest that DS influences regulation of the mucosal microbiota and contributes to OM pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Elling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Salina H. Goff
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott D. Hirsch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Tholen
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Kofonow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danielle Curtis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Patricia J. Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Todd M. Wine
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenny H. Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa A. Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Norman R. Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian W. Herrmann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Children's Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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2
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The Middle Ear Microbiota in Healthy Dogs Is Similar to That of the External Ear Canal. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030216. [PMID: 36977255 PMCID: PMC10058799 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media can be a consequence of chronic otitis externa and could represent a perpetuating factor. While the microbiota of the EEC in healthy dogs and in the presence of otitis externa has been described, only sparse information is available concerning the normal microbiota of the middle ear. The objective was to compare the tympanic bulla (TB) with the external ear canal (EEC) microbiota in healthy dogs. Six healthy experimental Beagle dogs were selected based on the absence of otitis externa, negative cytology and bacterial culture from the TB. Samples from the EEC and TB were collected directly after death using a total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. The hypervariable segment V1–V3 of the 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced with a MiSeq Illumina. The sequences were analyzed by the Mothur software using the SILVA database. No significant differences between the EEC and TB microbiota for the Chao1 richness index (p = 0.6544), the Simpson evenness index (p = 0.4328) and the reciprocal Simpson alpha diversity (p = 0.4313) were noted (Kruskal-Wallis test). A significant difference (p = 0.009) for the Chao1 richness index between the right and left EEC was observed. The microbiota profile was similar in the EEC and the TB of the Beagles.
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Feng R, Zhu Q, Li Q, Zhai Y, Wang J, Qin C, Liang D, Zhang R, Tian H, Liu H, Chen Y, Fu Y, Wang X, Ding X. Microbiota-ear-brain interaction is associated with generalized anxiety disorder through activation of inflammatory cytokine responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117726. [PMID: 36969214 PMCID: PMC10033601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most enduring anxiety disorders, being associated with increased systemic inflammation. However, the trigger and mechanisms underlying the activation of inflammatory cytokine responses in GAD remain poorly understood.Materials and methodsWe characterized the ear canal microbiome in GAD patients through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing and identified the serum inflammatory markers in GAD patients. Spearman correlations were applied to test the relationship between the microbiota changes and systemic inflammation.ResultsOur findings showed the higher microbial diversity, accompanied with the significantly increased abundance of Proteobacteria, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes in the ear canal of GAD participants compared to that of the age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Metagenomic sequencing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly increased at species-level in GAD patients. Furthermore, we observed the relative abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was positively associated with elevated systemic inflammatory markers and the severity of disease, suggesting that these ear canal microbiota alterations might be correlated with GAD by activating the inflammatory response.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that microbiota-ear-brain interaction via upregulating inflammatory reaction involve in the development of GAD, as well as suggest that ear canal bacterial communities may be a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingyong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingchen Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanping Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiuqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongxiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuebing Ding, ; Xuejing Wang,
| | - Xuebing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuebing Ding, ; Xuejing Wang,
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Fujikawa T, Tanimoto K, Kawashima Y, Ito T, Honda K, Takeda T, Sonobe A, Aoki N, Bai J, Tsutsumi T. Cholesteatoma has an altered microbiota with a higher abundance of Staphylococcus species. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:2011-2019. [PMID: 36544934 PMCID: PMC9764795 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the microbiota between cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media (COM) and to identify potential pathogens that explain the relevant phenotypes of cholesteatoma. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Surgical specimens collected from 20 cholesteatomas and nine COMs were treated to dissolve biofilms and subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and amplicon sequence variant-level analysis for microbiota profiling and quantitative comparison. Correlations between the relative abundance of potential pathogens and the volume of the primary resected cholesteatomas were examined. Results Differences in bacterial composition (beta diversity) were observed between cholesteatomas and COM (p = .002), with a higher abundance of Staphylococcus in cholesteatomas than in COM (p = .005). Common genera in the external auditory canal (EAC) flora, such as Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Cutibacterium, were predominant in both cholesteatoma and COM; Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were increased in both diseases compared with the EAC flora. Furthermore, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were more abundant in cholesteatomas than in COM (p = 0.002). Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size measurements (LEfSe) identified four CoNS as potential biomarkers for cholesteatoma. The relative abundance of S. aureus, a potential pathogen, was positively correlated with cholesteatoma volume (r = .60, p = .02). Conclusion The microbiota of cholesteatoma and COM originated from EAC flora, but the bacterial composition was largely altered. Our results suggested that S. aureus infection is involved in cholesteatoma progression. Level of Evidence 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Fujikawa
- Department of OtolaryngologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kousuke Tanimoto
- Genome Laboratory, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Taku Ito
- Department of OtolaryngologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Keiji Honda
- Department of OtolaryngologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takamori Takeda
- Department of OtolaryngologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Akane Sonobe
- Genome Laboratory, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Natsuki Aoki
- Department of OtolaryngologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of OtolaryngologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Tsutsumi
- Department of OtolaryngologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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Reynoso-García J, Miranda-Santiago AE, Meléndez-Vázquez NM, Acosta-Pagán K, Sánchez-Rosado M, Díaz-Rivera J, Rosado-Quiñones AM, Acevedo-Márquez L, Cruz-Roldán L, Tosado-Rodríguez EL, Figueroa-Gispert MDM, Godoy-Vitorino F. A complete guide to human microbiomes: Body niches, transmission, development, dysbiosis, and restoration. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:951403. [PMID: 38993286 PMCID: PMC11238057 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2022.951403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Humans are supra-organisms co-evolved with microbial communities (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic), named the microbiome. These microbiomes supply essential ecosystem services that play critical roles in human health. A loss of indigenous microbes through modern lifestyles leads to microbial extinctions, associated with many diseases and epidemics. This narrative review conforms a complete guide to the human holobiont-comprising the host and all its symbiont populations- summarizes the latest and most significant research findings in human microbiome. It pretends to be a comprehensive resource in the field, describing all human body niches and their dominant microbial taxa while discussing common perturbations on microbial homeostasis, impacts of urbanization and restoration and humanitarian efforts to preserve good microbes from extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kimil Acosta-Pagán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Mitchell Sánchez-Rosado
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Jennifer Díaz-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Angélica M. Rosado-Quiñones
- Department of Biology, UPR Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Luis Acevedo-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Lorna Cruz-Roldán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | | | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
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6
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Frank DN, Magno JPM, Velasco KJS, Bootpetch TC, Salud JED, David KJV, Miller AL, Yee EC, Dulnuan HP, Pyles RB, Lacuata JAC, Arbizo JL, Kofonow JM, Guce B, Mendoza KMD, Robertson CE, Ilustre GMS, Chiong ANE, Lu SL, Tongol EA, Sacayan ND, Yarza TKL, Chiong CM, Santos-Cortez RLP. Microbiota Associated With Cholesteatoma Tissue in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:746428. [PMID: 35521215 PMCID: PMC9063009 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.746428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM), defined as infection or inflammation of the middle ear (ME), remains a major public health problem worldwide. Cholesteatoma is a non-cancerous, cyst-like lesion in the ME that may be acquired due to chronic OM and cause disabling complications. Surgery is required for treatment, with high rates of recurrence. Current antibiotic treatments have been largely targeted to previous culturable bacteria, which may lead to antibiotic resistance or treatment failures. For this study, our goal was to determine the microbiota of cholesteatoma tissue in comparison with other ME tissues in patients with long-standing chronic OM. ME samples including cholesteatoma, granulation tissue, ME mucosa and discharge were collected from patients undergoing tympanomastoidectomy surgery for chronic OM. Bacteria were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 103 ME samples from 53 patients. Respiratory viruses were also screened in 115 specimens from 45 patients. Differences in bacterial profiles (beta-diversity) and the relative abundances of individual taxa were observed between cholesteatoma and ME sample-types. Additionally, patient age was associated with differences in overall microbiota composition while numerous individual taxa were differentially abundant across age quartiles. No viruses were identified in screened ME samples. Biodiversity was moderately lower in cholesteatoma and ME discharge compared to ME mucosal tissues. We also present overall bacterial profiles of ME tissues by sample-type, age, cholesteatoma diagnosis and quinolone use, including prevalent bacterial taxa. Our findings will be useful for fine-tuning treatment protocols for cholesteatoma and chronic OM in settings with limited health care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jose Pedrito M. Magno
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Karen Joyce S. Velasco
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Tori C. Bootpetch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jacob Ephraim D. Salud
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kevin Jer V. David
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Aaron L. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Eljohn C. Yee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Heather P. Dulnuan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Richard B. Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jan Alexeis C. Lacuata
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jeric L. Arbizo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jennifer M. Kofonow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Beatrice Guce
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kevin Michael D. Mendoza
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gabriel Martin S. Ilustre
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Alessandra Nadine E. Chiong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Erik A. Tongol
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicole D. Sacayan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Talitha Karisse L. Yarza
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila – National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
- Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila – National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Charlotte M. Chiong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila – National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
- Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila – National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Center for Children’s Surgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez,
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7
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Elling CL, Scholes MA, Streubel SO, Larson ED, Wine TM, Bootpetch TC, Yoon PJ, Kofonow JM, Gubbels SP, Cass SP, Robertson CE, Jenkins HA, Prager JD, Frank DN, Chan KH, Friedman NR, Ryan AF, Santos-Cortez RLP. The FUT2 Variant c.461G>A (p.Trp154*) Is Associated With Differentially Expressed Genes and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Shifts in Patients With Otitis Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:798246. [PMID: 35096646 PMCID: PMC8798324 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.798246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a leading cause of childhood hearing loss. Variants in FUT2, which encodes alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase, were identified to increase susceptibility to OM, potentially through shifts in the middle ear (ME) or nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiotas as mediated by transcriptional changes. Greater knowledge of differences in relative abundance of otopathogens in carriers of pathogenic variants can help determine risk for OM in patients. In order to determine the downstream effects of FUT2 variation, we examined gene expression in relation to carriage of a common pathogenic FUT2 c.461G>A (p.Trp154*) variant using RNA-sequence data from saliva samples from 28 patients with OM. Differential gene expression was also examined in bulk mRNA and single-cell RNA-sequence data from wildtype mouse ME mucosa after inoculation with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). In addition, microbiotas were profiled from ME and NP samples of 65 OM patients using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In human carriers of the FUT2 variant, FN1, KMT2D, MUC16 and NBPF20 were downregulated while MTAP was upregulated. Post-infectious expression in the mouse ME recapitulated these transcriptional differences, with the exception of Fn1 upregulation after NTHi-inoculation. In the NP, Candidate Division TM7 was associated with wildtype genotype (FDR-adj-p=0.009). Overall, the FUT2 c.461G>A variant was associated with transcriptional changes in processes related to response to infection and with increased load of potential otopathogens in the ME and decreased commensals in the NP. These findings provide increased understanding of how FUT2 variants influence gene transcription and the mucosal microbiota, and thus contribute to the pathology of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Elling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melissa A. Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sven-Olrik Streubel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Todd M. Wine
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tori C. Bootpetch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Patricia J. Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Kofonow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samuel P. Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephen P. Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Herman A. Jenkins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kenny H. Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Norman R. Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Allen F. Ryan
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, San Diego School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Center for Children’s Surgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Taylor SL, Papanicolas LE, Richards A, Ababor F, Kang WX, Choo JM, Woods C, Wesselingh SL, Ooi EH, MacFarlane P, Rogers GB. Ear microbiota and middle ear disease: a longitudinal pilot study of Aboriginal children in a remote south Australian setting. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:24. [PMID: 35026986 PMCID: PMC8756658 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Otitis media (OM) is a major disease burden in Australian Aboriginal children, contributing to serious long-term health outcomes. We report a pilot analysis of OM in children attending an outreach ear and hearing clinic in a remote south Australian community over a two-year period. Our study focuses on longitudinal relationships between ear canal microbiota characteristics with nasopharyngeal microbiota, and clinical and treatment variables. Results Middle ear health status were assessed in 19 children (aged 3 months to 8 years) presenting in remote western South Australia and medical interventions were recorded. Over the two-year study period, chronic suppurative OM was diagnosed at least once in 7 children (37%), acute OM with perforation in 4 children (21%), OM with effusion in 11 children (58%), while only 1 child had no ear disease. Microbiota analysis of 19 children (51 sets of left and right ear canal swabs and nasopharyngeal swabs) revealed a core group of bacterial taxa that included Corynebacterium, Alloiococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus, Turicella, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas. Within-subject microbiota similarity (between ears) was significantly greater than inter-subject similarity, regardless of differences in ear disease (p = 0.0006). Longitudinal analysis revealed changes in diagnosis to be associated with more pronounced changes in microbiota characteristics, irrespective of time interval. Ear microbiota characteristics differed significantly according to diagnosis (P (perm) = 0.0001). Diagnoses featuring inflammation with tympanic membrane perforation clustering separately to those in which the tympanic membrane was intact, and characterised by increased Proteobacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Oligella. While nasopharyngeal microbiota differed significantly in composition to ear microbiota (P (perm) = 0.0001), inter-site similarity was significantly greater in subjects with perforated tympanic membranes, a relationship that was associated with the relative abundance of H. influenzae in ear samples (rs = − 0.71, p = 0.0003). Longitudinal changes in ear microbiology reflected changes in clinical signs and treatment. Conclusions Children attending the ear and hearing clinic in a remote Aboriginal community present with a broad spectrum of OM conditions and severities, consistent with other remote Aboriginal communities. Ear microbiota characteristics align with OM diagnosis and change with disease course. Nasopharyngeal microbiota characteristics are consistent with the contribution of acute upper respiratory infection to OM aetiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02436-x.
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Samarrai R, Frank S, Lum A, Woodis K, Weinstock G, Roberts D. Defining the microbiome of the head and neck: A contemporary review. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103224. [PMID: 34536920 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to define the microbiome of the head and neck by characterizing and distinguishing the commensal bacteria from pathogenic species. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS Pubmed and Google scholar databases were queried for relevant articles. Keywords such as "middle ear microbiome", "outer ear microbiome", "sinonasal microbiome", "tonsil microbiome", and "laryngeal microbiome" were utilized separately to identify articles pertaining to each topic of study. All applicable abstracts were chosen for initial review and relevant abstracts were then selected for review of the full texts. Articles that did not study the human microbiome, those not written primarily in English, those that were not readily available for full review, and case reports were excluded from the study. RESULTS Limited studies that investigate the microbial environments of isolated anatomic subsites in the head and neck exist, however the comprehensive microbiome of the head and neck has yet to be completely defined. Based on this review, various studies of the ears, larynx, tonsils and sinus microbiomes exist and yield valuable information, however they are limited in scope and anatomic subsite. In this literature review, these studies are compiled in order to create a comprehensive text inclusive of the known microbial elements of the major anatomic subsites of the head and neck, namely the tonsils, larynx, sinus, outer ear and middle ear. CONCLUSIONS The significance of the human microbiome in identifying and preventing disease has been established in various physiologic systems, however there is limited research on the microbiome of the head and neck. Understanding the microbiome of the head and neck can help differentiate disease-prone patients from normal patients and guide treatment regimens and antibiotic usage, to aid in resistance control and limit adverse effects of antibiotic overuse. Understanding the elements that lead to dysbiosis can help treat and even prevent common conditions as tonsillitis and rhinosinusitis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review to serve as an initial background for future studies to define the head and neck microbiome distinguished by all relevant subsites.
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Suaifan VHA, Eremeeva KV, Svistushkin VM, Rusetsky YY, Morozova OA, Chernova OV. [Microbiome of the external auditory canal and preoperative preparation of patients in otosurgery (literature review)]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2022; 87:47-54. [PMID: 36580509 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228706147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effectiveness of methods of antiseptic and hygienic preoperative preparation of the operating field in otosurgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS A review and an expert assessment of the corresponding research objectives of scientific publications contained in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases have been carried out. RESULTS Various studies indicate a lower ototoxicity of 5-10% of the drug povidone-iodine compared to others. Drugs, such as Miramistin, Okomistin, Dioxidine, are actively used in otiatrics in Russia, but no data on their ototoxicity have been noted. The collected data point to the relevance and prospects of studying the microbiome of the external auditory canal, assessing its effect on the course of the postoperative period, depending on various methods of preparation (antiseptic, removal of earwax and hair depilation) of the surgical field for otosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H A Suaifan
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Eremeeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Svistushkin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu Rusetsky
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Morozova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Chernova
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
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Massa HM, Spann KM, Cripps AW. Innate Immunity in the Middle Ear Mucosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:764772. [PMID: 34778109 PMCID: PMC8586084 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.764772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) encompasses a spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from the readily identifiable Acute OM (AOM), which is characterised by otalgia and fever, to chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) where impaired hearing due to middle ear effusion may be the only clinical symptom. Chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) presents as a more severe form of OM, involving perforation of the tympanic membrane. The pathogenesis of OM in these varied clinical presentations is unclear but activation of the innate inflammatory responses to viral and/or bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract performs an integral role. This localised inflammatory response can persist even after pathogens are cleared from the middle ear, eustachian tubes and, in the case of respiratory viruses, even the nasal compartment. Children prone to OM may experience an over exuberant inflammatory response that underlies the development of chronic forms of OM and their sequelae, including hearing impairment. Treatments for chronic effusive forms of OM are limited, with current therapeutic guidelines recommending a "watch and wait" strategy rather than active treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs. Overall, there is a clear need for more targeted and effective treatments that either prevent or reduce the hyper-inflammatory response associated with chronic forms of OM. Improved treatment options rely upon an in-depth understanding of OM pathogenesis, particularly the role of the host innate immune response during acute OM. In this paper, we review the current literature regarding the innate immune response within the middle ear to bacterial and viral otopathogens alone, and as co-infections. This is an important consideration, as the role of respiratory viruses as primary pathogens in OM is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, increased reporting from PCR-based diagnostics, indicates that viral/bacterial co-infections in the middle ear are more common than bacterial infections alone. Increasingly, the mechanisms by which viral/bacterial co-infections may drive or maintain complex innate immune responses and inflammation during OM as a chronic response require investigation. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic OM, including host innate immune response within the middle ear is vital for development of improved diagnostic and treatment options for our children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Massa
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsten M Spann
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Allan W Cripps
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Durmaz B, Abdulmajed O, Durmaz R, Koroglu M, Arı O, Celik S, Kalcioglu MT. Respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear and middle ear with otitis media with effusion. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6140-6147. [PMID: 34160830 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in the middle ear cavity of the individuals with a healthy middle ear and the children with otitis media with effusion (OME). A total of 72 middle ear samples were collected from 25 children with OME (Group 1) and 47 individuals with no middle ear disease (Group 2). Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the presence of 20 different respiratory viruses. Virus results were compared with bacteriomes of the same populations. At least one respiratory virus was detected in 56% of the patients in Group 1 and 12.8% of the individuals in Group 2. The viral co-infection rate for Group 1 and 2 was 8% and 2.1%, respectively. In Group 1, adenovirus was the most frequently detected virus with a rate of 24%, either alone (16%) or concurrent with other viruses (8%), followed by influenza B (12%), rhinovirus, and bocavirus (8%) each. Parainfluenza 4, coronavirus OC43, and RSV A/B were detected in 4% of the sample each. In Group 2, rhinovirus was detected in two samples (4.3%) followed by adenovirus, coronavirus OC43, coronavirus E299, and coronavirus NL63 with a rate of 2.1% each. The detection rate of respiratory viruses was significantly higher in children aged 6 to 11 years. There was no positive association between virus and bacteria found in the middle ear cavity. The current study has provided comprehensive data indicating the presence of diverse respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear cavity. Our results also suggest that respiratory viruses might have a contribution to OME pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengul Durmaz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olkar Abdulmajed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Durmaz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Koroglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Oguz Arı
- Central Research and Application Center, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdal Celik
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kalcioglu MT, Durmaz R, Ari O, Celik S, Karabudak S. Microbiological investigation of samples collected from healthy middle ears during cochlear implant surgery. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115390. [PMID: 33991864 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the bacteriome in microscopically healthy middle ear mucosa using Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. A total of 60 middle ear washing fluids of pediatric and adult were obtained from 47 patients (35 children and 12 adults). Both children and adults with normal middle ears harbored diverse bacteriome. Seventeen different genera with a mean relative abundance of more than 1% were detected in all samples. Both in adult and children, the most abundant genus was Propionibacterium followed by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Ralstonia. The species Propionibacterium acnes and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum were significantly more abundant in the adult group. Although there were differences in the prevalence and relative abundance of some bacteria observed from adult and child groups, no specific genus or species was detected only in children or adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rıza Durmaz
- Central Research and Application Center, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Oguz Ari
- Central Research and Application Center, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serdal Celik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sema Karabudak
- Central Research and Application Center, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Case-Control Microbiome Study of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children Points at Streptococcus salivarius as a Pathobiont-Inhibiting Species. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e00056-21. [PMID: 33879499 PMCID: PMC8546964 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00056-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) has been associated with a shift in microbiome composition and microbial interaction in the upper respiratory tract (URT). While most studies have focused on potential pathogens, this study aimed to find bacteria that could be protective against OME through a case-control microbiome study and characterization of isolates from healthy subjects. The URT and ear microbiome profiles of 70 chronic OME patients and 53 controls were compared by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent classic middle ear pathobiont. However, other taxa, especially Alloiococcus otitis, were also frequently detected in the ear canal of OME patients. Streptococci of the salivarius group and Acinetobacter lwoffii were more abundant in the nasopharynx of healthy controls than in OME patients. In addition to the microbiome analysis, 142 taxa were isolated from healthy individuals, and 79 isolates of 13 different Streptococcus species were tested for their pathobiont-inhibiting potential. Of these, Streptococcus salivarius isolates showed a superior capacity to inhibit the growth of H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, A. otitis, and Corynebacterium otitidis. S. salivarius strains thus show potential as a probiotic for prevention or treatment of OME based on their overrepresentation in the healthy nasopharynx and their ability to inhibit the growth of respiratory pathobionts. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT03109496.) IMPORTANCE The majority of probiotics marketed today target gastrointestinal health. This study searched for bacteria native to the human upper respiratory tract, with a beneficial potential for respiratory and middle ear health. Comparison of the microbiomes of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and of healthy controls identified Streptococcus salivarius as a health-associated and prevalent inhabitant of the human nasopharynx. However, beneficial potential should be assessed at strain level. Here, we also isolated specific S. salivarius strains from the healthy individuals in our study. These isolates showed a beneficial safety profile and efficacy potential to inhibit OME pathogens in vitro. These properties will now have to be evaluated and confirmed in human clinical studies.
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15
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Lee JY, Jacob KM, Kashefi K, Reguera G. Oral seeding and niche-adaptation of middle ear biofilms in health. Biofilm 2021; 3:100041. [PMID: 33665609 PMCID: PMC7822943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The entrenched dogma of a sterile middle ear mucosa in health is incongruent with its periodic aeration and seeding with saliva aerosols. To test this, we sequenced 16S rRNA-V4 amplicons from otic secretions collected at the nasopharyngeal orifice of the tympanic tube and, as controls, oropharyngeal and buccal samples. The otic samples harbored a rich diversity of oral keystone genera and similar functional traits but were enriched in anaerobic genera in the Bacteroidetes (Prevotella and Alloprevotella), Fusobacteria (Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia) and Firmicutes (Veillonella) phyla. Facultative anaerobes in the Streptococcus genus were also abundant in the otic and oral samples but corresponded to distinct, and sometimes novel, cultivars, consistent with the ecological diversification of the oral migrants once in the middle ear microenvironment. Neutral community models also predicted a large contribution of oral dispersal to the otic communities and the positive selection of taxa better adapted to growth and reproduction under limited aeration. These results challenge the traditional view of a sterile middle ear in health and highlight hitherto unknown roles for oral dispersal and episodic ventilation in seeding and diversifying otic biofilms. The middle ear mucosa harbors a rich bacterial community in health. Oral migration is the primary mechanism for seeding otic biofilms. Periodic aeration of the middle ear enriches for anaerobic taxa and promotes the ecological diversification of oral migrants. Our study challenges the entrenched dogma of a sterile middle ear in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Kristin M Jacob
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Kazem Kashefi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Gemma Reguera
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI, USA
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Xu J, Dai W, Liang Q, Ren D. The microbiomes of adenoid and middle ear in children with otitis media with effusion and hypertrophy from a tertiary hospital in China. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 134:110058. [PMID: 32388082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common pediatric diseases worldwide. Several studies have analyzed the diversity of the microbiomes found in the middle ear effusions (MEEs) of populations from developed countries. However, no microbiological studies of MEEs from Chinese children with OME have been reported. This study investigated the middle ear and adenoid microbiological profiles of children with OME, and compared the microbial flora of the adenoid between children with and without otitis media. METHODS MEEs and adenoid swabs were acquired from 15 children undergoing ventilation tube insertion and adenoidectomy. Adenoid swabs from 15 patients with no ear disease were used as controls. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) abundance information were normalized. Alpha diversity analyses were used to assess the richness and diversity of the microbial community for each sample. Beta diversity analyses were used to determine the inter-group variability between microbiome structure. RESULTS Based on the mean relative abundance, the MEEs were dominated by Haemophilus (14.75%), Staphylococcus (9.37%) and Halomonas (7.85%), and the bacterial compositions of the adenoids in the OME groups were dominated by Haemophilus (21.87%), Streptococcus (19.65%), and Neisseria (5.8%). The bacterial compositions in the adenoids of the controls were dominated by Haemophilus (15.96%), Streptococcus (13.33%), and Moraxella (12.28%). Alpha diversity analyses showed that there were no significant differences in microbiome richness or diversity between the middle ear effusions (TM) and adenoids (TA) of OME subjects. Adenoid samples from OME patients (TA) and control patients (CA) were also similar. Beta diversity analyses showed that the microbiomes of the adenoids in OME patients were also similar to that of controls. However, the microbiome structure of middle ear effusions was dissimilar to those of the adenoids in OME patients according to beta diversity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the microbial diversity of MEEs among Chinese children. However, the dissimilar microbiome composition between samples taken from the surface of the adenoids and from the middle ear effusions challenges the conventional theory that the adenoid serves as a microbial reservoir in children with otitis media with effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Xu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Dai
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Liang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Ren
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
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