1
|
Ma X, Nugraha DK, Hiramatsu Y, Horiguchi Y. RpoN (sigma factor 54) contributes to bacterial fitness during tracheal colonization of Bordetella bronchiseptica. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:36-46. [PMID: 38105571 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica is a respiratory pathogen closely related to Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Despite sharing homologous virulence factors, B. bronchiseptica infects a broad range of mammalian hosts, including some experimental animals, whereas B. pertussis is strictly adapted to humans. Therefore, B. bronchiseptica is often used as a representative model to explore the pathogenicity of Bordetella in infection experiments with laboratory animals. Although Bordetella virulence factors, including toxins and adhesins have been studied well, our recent study implied that unknown virulence factors are involved in tracheal colonization and infection. Here, we investigated bacterial genes contributing to tracheal colonization by high-throughput transposon sequencing (Tn-seq). After the screening, we picked up 151 candidate genes of various functions and found that a rpoN-deficient mutant strain was defective in tracheal colonization when co-inoculated with the wild-type strain. rpoN encodes σ54 , a sigma factor that regulates the transcription of various genes, implying its contribution to various bacterial activities. In fact, we found RpoN of B. bronchiseptica is involved in bacterial motility and initial biofilm formation. From these results, we propose that RpoN supports bacterial colonization by regulating various bacteriological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Ma
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dendi K Nugraha
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stracquadanio S, Nicolosi A, Privitera GF, Massimino M, Marino A, Bongiorno D, Stefani S. Role of transcriptomic and genomic analyses in improving the comprehension of cefiderocol activity in Acinetobacter baumannii. mSphere 2024; 9:e0061723. [PMID: 38078714 PMCID: PMC10826366 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00617-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of action and resistance of cefiderocol (FDC) in Acinetobacter baumannii are still not fully elucidated, but iron transport systems have been evoked in its entry into the cell to reach the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). To capture the dynamics of gene expression related to FDC action in various conditions, we report on the genomic and transcriptomic features of seven A. baumannii strains with different FDC susceptibility, focusing on the variants in genes associated with β-lactam resistance and the expression of the siderophore biosynthesis and transport systems acinetobactin and baumannoferrin. We also investigated the expression of the TonB energy transduction system (ETS) and siderophore receptors piuA and pirA. The four clinical samples belonged to the same clonal complex (CC2), and the two strains with the highest FDC MICs showed peculiar variants in PBP2 and ampC. Similarly, the two clinical strains with the lowest MICs shared variants in an outer membrane protein as well as ampC. Gene expression analyses highlighted the up-regulation of the acinetobactin and baumannoferrin genes in response to iron depletion and a down-regulation in the presence of high iron concentrations. In response to FDC, gene expression seemed strain-dependent, probably due to the different metabolic features of each strain. Overall, FDC activates the ETS, confirming the active import of the drug; baumannoferrin, more than acinetobactin, appeared stimulated by FDC in an iron-depleted medium. In conclusion, iron transport systems play a clear role in the FDC uptake, and their expression likely contributes to MIC variation together with β-lactam resistance determinants.IMPORTANCEAcinetobacter baumannii poses a threat to healthcare due to its ability to give difficult-to-treat infections as a consequence of our shortage of antibiotic molecules active on this multidrug-resistant bacterium. Cefiderocol (FDC) represents one of the few drugs active on A. baumannii, and to preserve its activity, this study explored the transcriptomic and genomic features of seven strains with varying susceptibility to FDC. Transcriptomic analyses revealed the different effects of FDC on iron transport systems, promoting mainly baumannoferrin expression-thus more likely related to FDC entry-and the energy transduction systems. These findings suggest that not all iron transport systems are equally involved in FDC entry into A. baumannii cells. Finally, mutations in PBPs and β-lactamases may contribute to the resistance onset. Overall, the study sheds light on the importance of iron availability and metabolic differences in FDC resistance, offering insights into understanding the evolution of resistance in A. baumannii strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stracquadanio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Nicolosi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grete Francesca Privitera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Math and Comp Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Massimino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dafne Bongiorno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farman MR, Petráčková D, Kumar D, Držmíšek J, Saha A, Čurnová I, Čapek J, Hejnarová V, Amman F, Hofacker I, Večerek B. Avirulent phenotype promotes Bordetella pertussis adaptation to the intramacrophage environment. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2146536. [PMID: 36357372 PMCID: PMC9858536 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2146536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is an extracellular, strictly human pathogen. However, it has been shown that B. pertussis cells can escape phagocytic killing and survive in macrophages upon internalization. Our time-resolved RNA-seq data suggest that B. pertussis efficiently adapts to the intramacrophage environment and responds to host bactericidal activities. We show that this adaptive response is multifaceted and, surprisingly, related to the BvgAS two-component system, a master regulator of virulence. Our results show that the expression of this regulatory circuit is downregulated upon internalization. Moreover, we demonstrate that the switch to the avirulent Bvg- phase augments a very complex process based on the adjustment of central and energy metabolism, cell wall reinforcement, maintenance of appropriate redox and metal homeostasis, and repair of damaged macromolecules. Nevertheless, not all observed effects could be simply attributed to the transition to Bvg- phase, suggesting that additional regulators are involved in the adaptation to the intramacrophage environment. Interestingly, a large number of genes required for the metabolism of sulphur were strongly modulated within macrophages. In particular, the mutant lacking two genes encoding cysteine dioxygenases displayed strongly attenuated cytotoxicity toward THP-1 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that intracellular B. pertussis cells have adopted the Bvg- mode to acclimate to the intramacrophage environment and respond to antimicrobial activities elicited by THP-1 cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that the avirulent phase represents an authentic phenotype of internalized B. pertussis cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam R. Farman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denisa Petráčková
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Držmíšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Argha Saha
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Čurnová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čapek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václava Hejnarová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fabian Amman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Hofacker
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Večerek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic, Branislav Večerek Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology, 14220Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hiramatsu Y, Nishida T, Nugraha DK, Osada-Oka M, Nakane D, Imada K, Horiguchi Y. Interference of flagellar rotation up-regulates the expression of small RNA contributing to Bordetella pertussis infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade8971. [PMID: 36542710 PMCID: PMC9770993 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) posttranscriptionally regulate gene expressions involved in various biological processes, including pathogenicity. Our previous study identified sRNAs, the expression of which was up-regulated in Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, upon tracheal colonization of the bacteria; however, their roles in bacterial infection remain unknown. Here, we found that one sRNA, Bpr4, contributes to B. pertussis infection by posttranscriptionally up-regulating filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a major adhesin of the bacteria. Bpr4 bound to the 5' untranslated region of fhaB mRNA encoding FHA and inhibited its degradation mediated by RNaseE. Our results demonstrated that Bpr4 up-regulation was triggered by the interference of flagellar rotation, which caused the disengagement of MotA, a flagellar stator. Subsequently, MotA activated a diguanylate cyclase to generate cyclic di-GMP, which plays a role in Bpr4 up-regulation through the RisK/RisA two-component system. Our findings indicate that a flagellum-triggered sensory system contributes to B. pertussis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishida
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Dendi Krisna Nugraha
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakane
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee KS, Russ BP, Wong TY, Horspool AM, Winters MT, Barbier M, Bevere JR, Martinez I, Damron FH, Cyphert HA. Obesity and metabolic dysfunction drive sex-associated differential disease profiles in hACE2-mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2022; 25:105038. [PMID: 36068847 PMCID: PMC9436780 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection are highly associated with preexisting comorbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. We utilized the diet-induced obesity (DIO) model of metabolic dysfunction in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice to model obesity as a COVID-19 comorbidity. Female DIO, but not male DIO mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 were observed to have shortened time to morbidity compared to controls. Increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in female DIO was associated with increased viral RNA burden and interferon production compared to males. Transcriptomic analysis of the lungs from all mouse cohorts revealed sex- and DIO-associated differential gene expression profiles. Male DIO mice after challenge had decreased expression of antibody-related genes compared to controls, suggesting antibody producing cell localization in the lung. Collectively, this study establishes a preclinical comorbidity model of COVID-19 in mice where we observed sex- and diet-specific responses that begin explaining the effects of obesity and metabolic disease on COVID-19 pathology. Transcriptomic analysis of infected lungs revealed unique sex-dependent differences Obese female mice have high viral RNA burden and interferon production in the lung Male mice have altered antibody and T cell response gene profiles after viral challenge Metabolic dysfunction comorbidity can be studied in the hACE2 mouse model of COVID-19
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brynnan P. Russ
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ting Y. Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Alexander M. Horspool
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael T. Winters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Justin R. Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ivan Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Holly A. Cyphert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blockade of the Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Synergizes with Opsonizing Antibodies to Protect Mice against Bordetella pertussis. mBio 2022; 13:e0152722. [PMID: 35920558 PMCID: PMC9426472 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01527-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella produces an array of virulence factors, including the adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), which is essential, immunogenic in humans, and highly conserved. Despite mediating immune-evasive functions as a leukotoxin, ACT’s potential role as a protective antigen is unclear. To better understand the contributions of humoral anti-ACT immunity, we evaluated protection against Bordetella pertussis by antibodies binding structurally defined ACT epitopes in a mouse pneumonia model. An ACT-neutralizing antibody, but not a nonneutralizing antibody or an isotype control, significantly increased mouse survival after lethal challenge with B. pertussis. When modified to impair Fc effector functions, the neutralizing antibody retained protective capabilities, indicating that protection was mediated by the blockade of the interactions of ACT with its αMβ2 integrin receptor. After infection with a lower bacterial dose, ACT neutralization synergistically reduced lung bacterial colonization levels when combined with an opsonic antibody binding the surface antigen pertactin. Notably, protection was significantly enhanced when antibodies were administered intranasally as opposed to systemically, indicating that local immune responses are key to antibody-mediated protection against ACT and pertactin. These data reconcile previous conflicting reports to indicate that neutralizing anti-ACT antibodies support the phagocytosis of opsonized B. pertussis and thereby contribute to pertussis protection in vivo.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sen-Kilic E, Huckaby AB, Damron FH, Barbier M. P. aeruginosa type III and type VI secretion systems modulate early response gene expression in type II pneumocytes in vitro. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:345. [PMID: 35508983 PMCID: PMC9068226 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung airway epithelial cells are part of innate immunity and the frontline of defense against bacterial infections. During infection, airway epithelial cells secrete proinflammatory mediators that participate in the recruitment of immune cells. Virulence factors expressed by bacterial pathogens can alter epithelial cell gene expression and modulate this response. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, expresses numerous virulence factors to facilitate establishment of infection and evade the host immune response. This study focused on identifying the role of two major P. aeruginosa virulence factors, type III (T3SS) and type VI (T6SS) secretion systems, on the early transcriptome response of airway epithelial cells in vitro. RESULTS We performed RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome response of type II pneumocytes during infection with P. aeruginosa in vitro. We observed that P. aeruginosa differentially upregulates immediate-early response genes and transcription factors that induce proinflammatory responses in type II pneumocytes. P. aeruginosa infection of type II pneumocytes was characterized by up-regulation of proinflammatory networks, including MAPK, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. We also identified early response genes and proinflammatory signaling pathways whose expression change in response to infection with P. aeruginosa T3SS and T6SS mutants in type II pneumocytes. We determined that T3SS and T6SS modulate the expression of EGR1, FOS, and numerous genes that are involved in proinflammatory responses in epithelial cells during infection. T3SS and T6SS were associated with two distinct transcriptomic signatures related to the activation of transcription factors such as AP1, STAT1, and SP1, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, transcriptomic analysis of epithelial cells indicates that the expression of immediate-early response genes quickly changes upon infection with P. aeruginosa and this response varies depending on bacterial viability and injectosomes. These data shed light on how P. aeruginosa modulates host epithelial transcriptome response during infection using T3SS and T6SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Annalisa B Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chiarot E, Pizza M. Animal models in vaccinology: state of the art and future perspectives for an animal-free approach. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 66:46-55. [PMID: 34953265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine discovery and development is mainly driven by studies on immunogenicity and safety based on the appropriate animal models. In this review we will describe the importance of animal models in vaccinology, from research and development to pre-licensure and post-licensure commitments with particular emphasis on the advantages and limitations of each animal species. Finally, we will describe the most modern technologies, the new in vitro and ex vivo models and the new advances in the field which may drive into a new era of 'animal free' vaccinology.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramos EI, Das K, Harrison AL, Garcia A, Gadad SS, Dhandayuthapani S. Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae Regulate a Distinct Set of Protein-Coding Genes in Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738431. [PMID: 34707609 PMCID: PMC8544821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae are two significant mycoplasmas that infect the urogenital and respiratory tracts of humans. Despite distinct tissue tropisms, they both have similar pathogenic mechanisms and infect/invade epithelial cells in the respective regions and persist within these cells. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of these species in terms of bacterium-host interactions are poorly understood. To gain insights on this, we infected HeLa cells independently with M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae and assessed gene expression by whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) approach. The results revealed that HeLa cells respond to M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae differently by regulating various protein-coding genes. Though there is a significant overlap between the genes regulated by these species, many of the differentially expressed genes were specific to each species. KEGG pathway and signaling network analyses revealed that the genes specific to M. genitalium are more related to cellular processes. In contrast, the genes specific to M. pneumoniae infection are correlated with immune response and inflammation, possibly suggesting that M. pneumoniae has some inherent ability to modulate host immune pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique I. Ramos
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Kishore Das
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Alana L. Harrison
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Anissa Garcia
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Belcher T, Dubois V, Rivera-Millot A, Locht C, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Pathogenicity and virulence of Bordetella pertussis and its adaptation to its strictly human host. Virulence 2021; 12:2608-2632. [PMID: 34590541 PMCID: PMC8489951 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1980987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis has evolved as a human-restricted pathogen from a progenitor which also gave rise to Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. While the latter colonizes a broad range of mammals and is able to survive in the environment, B. pertussis has lost its ability to survive outside its host through massive genome decay. Instead, it has become a highly successful human pathogen by the acquisition of tightly regulated virulence factors and evolutionary adaptation of its metabolism to its particular niche. By the deployment of an arsenal of highly sophisticated virulence factors it overcomes many of the innate immune defenses. It also interferes with vaccine-induced adaptive immunity by various mechanisms. Here, we review data from invitro, human and animal models to illustrate the mechanisms of adaptation to the human respiratory tract and provide evidence of ongoing evolutionary adaptation as a highly successful human pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Belcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Violaine Dubois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alex Rivera-Millot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Analysis of In Vivo Transcriptome of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhmurium Isolated from Mouse Spleen. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070823. [PMID: 34209260 PMCID: PMC8308634 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an important intracellular pathogen that poses a health threat to humans. This study tries to clarify the mechanism of Salmonella survival and reproduction in the host. In this study, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on RNA extracted from the strains isolated from infected mouse spleens and an S. Typhimurium reference strain (ATCC 14028) based on the BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 1340 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Functional annotation revealed DEGs associated with regulation, metabolism, transport and binding, pathogenesis, and motility. Through data mining and literature retrieval, 26 of the 58 upregulated DEGs (FPKM > 10) were not reported to be related to the adaptation to intracellular survival and were classified as candidate key genes (CKGs) for survival and proliferation in vivo. Our data contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms used by Salmonella to regulate virulence gene expression whilst replicating inside mammalian cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dienstbier A, Amman F, Petráčková D, Štipl D, Čapek J, Zavadilová J, Fabiánová K, Držmíšek J, Kumar D, Wildung M, Pouchnik D, Večerek B. Comparative Omics Analysis of Historic and Recent Isolates of Bordetella pertussis and Effects of Genome Rearrangements on Evolution. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:57-68. [PMID: 33350934 PMCID: PMC7774529 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.191541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis is increasing in many industrialized countries, including the Czech Republic. To better understand Bordetella pertussis resurgence, we analyzed historic strains and recent clinical isolates by using a comparative omics approach. Whole-genome sequencing showed that historic and recent isolates of B. pertussis have substantial variation in genome organization and form separate phylogenetic clusters. Subsequent RNA sequence analysis and liquid chromatography with mass tandem spectrometry analyses showed that these variations translated into discretely separated transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. When compared with historic strains, recent isolates showed increased expression of flagellar genes and genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and decreased expression of polysaccharide capsule genes. Compared with reference strain Tohama I, all strains had increased expression and production of the type III secretion system apparatus. We detected the potential link between observed effects and insertion sequence element–induced changes in gene context only for a few genes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Damron FH, Barbier M, Dubey P, Edwards KM, Gu XX, Klein NP, Lu K, Mills KHG, Pasetti MF, Read RC, Rohani P, Sebo P, Harvill ET. Overcoming Waning Immunity in Pertussis Vaccines: Workshop of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 205:877-882. [PMID: 32769142 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite high vaccine coverage in many parts of the world, pertussis is resurging in a number of areas in which acellular vaccines are the primary vaccine administered to infants and young children. This is attributed in part to the suboptimal and short-lived immunity elicited by acellular pertussis vaccines and to their inability to prevent nasal colonization and transmission of the etiologic agent Bordetella pertussis In response to this escalating public health concern, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases held the workshop "Overcoming Waning Immunity in Pertussis Vaccines" in September 2019 to identify issues and possible solutions for the defects in immunity stimulated by acellular pertussis vaccines. Discussions covered aspects of the current problem, gaps in knowledge and possible paths forward. This review summarizes presentations and discussions of some of the key points that were raised by the workshop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Xin-Xing Gu
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C. 20852
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611
| | - Kristina Lu
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C. 20852
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Robert C Read
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; and
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Omics Analysis of Blood-Responsive Regulon in Bordetella pertussis Identifies a Novel Essential T3SS Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020736. [PMID: 33450976 PMCID: PMC7828420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens sense specific cues associated with different host niches and integrate these signals to appropriately adjust the global gene expression. Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, strictly human pathogen of the respiratory tract and the etiological agent of whooping cough (pertussis). Though B. pertussis does not cause invasive infections, previous results indicated that this reemerging pathogen responds to blood exposure. Here, omics RNA-seq and LC–MS/MS techniques were applied to determine the blood-responsive regulon of B. pertussis. These analyses revealed that direct contact with blood rewired global gene expression profiles in B. pertussis as the expression of almost 20% of all genes was significantly modulated. However, upon loss of contact with blood, the majority of blood-specific effects vanished, with the exception of several genes encoding the T3SS-secreted substrates. For the first time, the T3SS regulator BtrA was identified in culture supernatants of B. pertussis. Furthermore, proteomic analysis identified BP2259 protein as a novel secreted T3SS substrate, which is required for T3SS functionality. Collectively, presented data indicate that contact with blood represents an important cue for B. pertussis cells.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kamanova J. Bordetella Type III Secretion Injectosome and Effector Proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:466. [PMID: 33014891 PMCID: PMC7498569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a resurging acute respiratory disease of humans primarily caused by the Gram-negative coccobacilli Bordetella pertussis, and less commonly by the human-adapted lineage of B. parapertussis HU. The ovine-adapted lineage of B. parapertussis OV infects only sheep, while B. bronchiseptica causes chronic and often asymptomatic respiratory infections in a broad range of mammals but rarely in humans. A largely overlapping set of virulence factors inflicts the pathogenicity of these bordetellae. Their genomes also harbor a pathogenicity island, named bsc locus, that encodes components of the type III secretion injectosome, and adjacent btr locus with the type III regulatory proteins. The Bsc injectosome of bordetellae translocates the cytotoxic BteA effector protein, also referred to as BopC, into the cells of the mammalian hosts. While the role of type III secretion activity in the persistent colonization of the lower respiratory tract by B. bronchiseptica is well recognized, the functionality of the type III secretion injectosome in B. pertussis was overlooked for many years due to the adaptation of laboratory-passaged B. pertussis strains. This review highlights the current knowledge of the type III secretion system in the so-called classical Bordetella species, comprising B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica, and discusses its functional divergence. Comparison with other well-studied bacterial injectosomes, regulation of the type III secretion on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and activities of BteA effector protein and BopN protein, homologous to the type III secretion gatekeepers, are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kamanova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, remains a major global health problem. Despite the global usage of whole-cell vaccines since the 1950s and of acellular vaccines in the 1990s, it still is one of the most prevalent vaccine-preventable diseases in industrialized countries. Virulence of B. pertussis is controlled by BvgA/S, a two-component system responsible for upregulation of virulence-activated genes (vags) and downregulation of virulence-repressed genes (vrgs). By transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) analyses, we identified more than 270 vags or vrgs, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIPseq) analyses revealed 148 BvgA-binding sites, 91 within putative promoter regions, 52 within open reading frames, and 5 in noncoding regions. Some vags, such as dnt and fhaL, do not contain a BvgA-binding site, suggesting indirect regulation. In contrast, several vrgs and some genes not identified by RNAseq analyses under laboratory conditions contain strong BvgA-binding sites, indicating previously unappreciated complexities of BvgA/S biology. Bordetella pertussis regulates the production of its virulence factors by the two-component system BvgAS. In the virulence phase, BvgS phosphorylates BvgA, which then activates the transcription of virulence-activated genes (vags). In the avirulence phase, such as during growth in the presence of MgSO4, BvgA is not phosphorylated and the vags are not expressed. Instead, a set of virulence-repressed genes (vrgs) is expressed. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) analyses on B. pertussis cultivated with or without MgSO4 and on a BvgA-deficient Tohama I derivative. We observed that 146 genes were less expressed under modulating conditions or in the BvgA-deficient strain than under the nonmodulating condition, while 130 genes were more expressed. Some of the genes code for proteins with regulatory functions, suggesting a BvgA/S regulation cascade. To determine which genes are directly regulated by BvgA, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIPseq) analyses. We identified 148 BvgA-binding sites, 91 within putative promoter regions, 52 within open reading frames, and 5 in noncoding regions. Among the former, 32 are in BvgA-regulated putative promoter regions. Some vags, such as dnt and fhaL, contain no BvgA-binding site, suggesting indirect BvgA regulation. Unexpectedly, BvgA also bound to some vrg putative promoter regions. Together, these observations indicate an unrecognized complexity of BvgA/S biology. IMPORTANCEBordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, remains a major global health problem. Despite the global usage of whole-cell vaccines since the 1950s and of acellular vaccines in the 1990s, it still is one of the most prevalent vaccine-preventable diseases in industrialized countries. Virulence of B. pertussis is controlled by BvgA/S, a two-component system responsible for upregulation of virulence-activated genes (vags) and downregulation of virulence-repressed genes (vrgs). By transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) analyses, we identified more than 270 vags or vrgs, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIPseq) analyses revealed 148 BvgA-binding sites, 91 within putative promoter regions, 52 within open reading frames, and 5 in noncoding regions. Some vags, such as dnt and fhaL, do not contain a BvgA-binding site, suggesting indirect regulation. In contrast, several vrgs and some genes not identified by RNAseq analyses under laboratory conditions contain strong BvgA-binding sites, indicating previously unappreciated complexities of BvgA/S biology.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hiramatsu Y, Suzuki K, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Horiguchi Y. Expression of small RNAs of Bordetella pertussis colonizing murine tracheas. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:469-475. [PMID: 32227523 PMCID: PMC7317797 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We performed RNA sequencing on Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, and identified nine novel small RNAs (sRNAs) that were transcribed during the bacterial colonization of murine tracheas. Among them, four sRNAs were more strongly expressed in vivo than in vitro. Moreover, the expression of eight sRNAs was not regulated by the BvgAS two‐component system, which is the master regulator for the expression of genes contributing to the bacterial infection. The present results suggest a BvgAS‐independent gene regulatory system involving the sRNAs that is active during B. pertussis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Allen JL, Tomlinson BR, Casella LG, Shaw LN. Regulatory networks important for survival of Acinetobacter baumannii within the host. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 55:74-80. [PMID: 32388085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is known for its intrinsic resistance to conventional antibiotic treatment and hypervirulence during infection. This coupled with its extraordinary capacity to survive in myriad harsh environments has led to increasing rates of infection in clinical settings. Numerous studies have characterized the virulence factors and resistance genes in A. baumannii responsible for the detrimental outcomes seen in patients; however, the role of regulatory factors in controlling the expression of these genes remains less well explored. Herein we discuss the latest and most influential findings on the regulatory network of A. baumannii, focusing on the transcription factors, two-component systems, and sRNAs. We place particular focus on those identified as being crucial for sensing and responding to continually changing environments, and influencing survival and virulence when engaging with the human host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie L Allen
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, USA
| | - Brooke R Tomlinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, USA
| | - Leila G Casella
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, USA
| | - Lindsey N Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petráčková D, Farman MR, Amman F, Linhartová I, Dienstbier A, Kumar D, Držmíšek J, Hofacker I, Rodriguez ME, Večerek B. Transcriptional profiling of human macrophages during infection with Bordetella pertussis. RNA Biol 2020; 17:731-742. [PMID: 32070192 PMCID: PMC7237194 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1727694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, a strictly human re-emerging pathogen and the causative agent of whooping cough, exploits a broad variety of virulence factors to establish efficient infection. Here, we used RNA sequencing to analyse the changes in gene expression profiles of human THP-1 macrophages resulting from B. pertussis infection. In parallel, we attempted to determine the changes in intracellular B. pertussis-specific transcriptomic profiles resulting from interaction with macrophages. Our analysis revealed that global gene expression profiles in THP-1 macrophages are extensively rewired 6 h post-infection. Among the highly expressed genes, we identified those encoding cytokines, chemokines, and transcription regulators involved in the induction of the M1 and M2 macrophage polarization programmes. Notably, several host genes involved in the control of apoptosis and inflammation which are known to be hijacked by intracellular bacterial pathogens were overexpressed upon infection. Furthermore, in silico analyses identified large temporal changes in expression of specific gene subsets involved in signalling and metabolic pathways. Despite limited numbers of the bacterial reads, we observed reduced expression of majority of virulence factors and upregulation of several transcriptional regulators during infection suggesting that intracellular B. pertussis cells switch from virulent to avirulent phase and actively adapt to intracellular environment, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Petráčková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam R. Farman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Amman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Dienstbier
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Držmíšek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Hofacker
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Computer Science, Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Eugenia Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Branislav Večerek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luu LDW, Octavia S, Aitken C, Zhong L, Raftery MJ, Sintchenko V, Lan R. Surfaceome analysis of Australian epidemic Bordetella pertussis reveals potential vaccine antigens. Vaccine 2019; 38:539-548. [PMID: 31703933 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since acellular vaccines (ACV) were introduced in Australia, epidemic Bordetella pertussis strains changed from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) cluster II to SNP cluster I. Our previous proteomic analysis identified potential proteomic adaptations in the whole cell and secretome of SNP cluster I. Additionally, current ACVs were shown to be less efficacious against cluster I in mice models and there is a pressing need to discover new antigens to improve the ACV. One important source of novel antigens is the surfaceome. Therefore, in this study we established surface shaving in B. pertussis to compare the surfaceome of SNP cluster I (L1423) and II (L1191), and identify novel surface antigens for vaccine development. Surface shaving using 1 μg of trypsin for 5 min identified 126 proteins with the most abundant being virulence-associated and known outer membrane proteins. Cell viability counts showed minimal lysis from shaving. The proportion of immunogenic proteins was higher in the surfaceome than in the whole cell and secretome. Key differences in the surfaceome were identified between SNP cluster I and II, consistent with those identified in the whole cell proteome and secretome. These differences include unique transport proteins and decreased immunogenic proteins in L1423, and provides further evidence of proteomic adaptation in SNP cluster I. Finally, a comparison of proteins in each sub-proteome identified 22 common proteins. These included 11 virulence proteins (Prn, PtxA, FhaB, CyaA, TcfA, SphB1, Vag8, BrkA, BopD, Bsp22 and BipA) and 11 housekeeping proteins (TuF, CtpA, TsF, OmpH, GltA, SucC, SucD, FusA, GroEL, BP3330 and BP3561) which were immunogenic, essential and consistently expressed thus demonstrating their potential as future targets. This study established surface shaving in B. pertussis, confirmed key expression differences and identified unknown surface proteins which may be potential vaccine antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Don Wai Luu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chelsea Aitken
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark J Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This report provides evidence for motility and expression of flagella by B. pertussis, a bacterium that has been reported as nonmotile since it was first isolated and studied. As with B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis cells can express and assemble a flagellum-like structure on their surface, which in other organisms has been implicated in several important processes that occur in vivo. The discovery that B. pertussis is motile raises many questions, including those regarding the mechanisms of regulation for flagellar gene and protein expression and, importantly, the role of flagella during infection. This novel observation provides a foundation for further study of Bordetella flagella and motility in the contexts of infection and transmission. Bordetella bronchiseptica encodes and expresses a flagellar apparatus. In contrast, Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has historically been described as a nonmotile and nonflagellated organism. The previous statements that B. pertussis was a nonmotile organism were consistent with a stop codon located in the flagellar biosynthesis gene, flhA, discovered when the B. pertussis Tohama I genome was sequenced and analyzed by Parkhill et al. in 2003 (J. Parkhill, M. Sebaihia, A. Preston, L. D. Murphy, et al., Nat Genet, 35:32–40, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1227). The stop codon has subsequently been found in all annotated genomes. Parkhill et al. also showed, however, that B. pertussis contains all genetic material required for flagellar synthesis and function. We and others have determined by various transcriptomic analyses that these flagellar genes are differentially regulated under a variety of B. pertussis growth conditions. In light of these data, we tested for B. pertussis motility and found that both laboratory-adapted strains and clinical isolates can be motile. Upon isolation of motile B. pertussis, we discovered flagellum-like structures on the surface of the bacteria. B. pertussis motility appears to occur primarily in the Bvg(−) phase, consistent with regulation present in B. bronchiseptica. Motility can also be induced by the presence of fetal bovine serum. These observations demonstrate that B. pertussis can express flagellum-like structures, and although it remains to be determined if B. pertussis expresses flagella during infection or if motility and/or flagella play roles during the cycle of infection and transmission, it is clear that these data warrant further investigation.
Collapse
|