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Jackson-Litteken CD, Di Venanzio G, Janet-Maitre M, Castro ÍA, Mackel JJ, Rosen DA, López CB, Feldman MF. A chronic murine model of pulmonary Acinetobacter baumannii infection enabling the investigation of late virulence factors, long-term antibiotic treatments, and polymicrobial infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.17.613469. [PMID: 39345519 PMCID: PMC11429896 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii can cause prolonged infections that disproportionately affect immunocompromised populations. Our understanding of A. baumannii respiratory pathogenesis relies on an acute murine infection model with limited clinical relevance that employs an unnaturally high number of bacteria and requires the assessment of bacterial load at 24-36 hours post-infection. Here, we demonstrate that low intranasal inoculums in immunocompromised mice with a tlr4 mutation leads to reduced inflammation, allowing for persistent infections lasting at least 3 weeks. Using this "chronic infection model," we determined the adhesin InvL is an imperative virulence factor required during later stages of infection, despite being dispensable in the early phase. We also demonstrate that the chronic model enables the distinction between antibiotics that, although initially reduce bacterial burden, either lead to complete clearance or result in the formation of bacterial persisters. To illustrate how our model can be applied to study polymicrobial infections, we inoculated mice with an active A. baumannii infection with Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae . We found that S. aureus exacerbates the infection, while K. pneumoniae enhances A. baumannii clearance. In all, the chronic model overcomes some limitations of the acute pulmonary model, expanding our capabilities to study of A. baumannii pathogenesis and lays the groundwork for the development of similar models for other important opportunistic pathogens.
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Scribano D, Cheri E, Pompilio A, Di Bonaventura G, Belli M, Cristina M, Sansone L, Zagaglia C, Sarshar M, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. Acinetobacter baumannii OmpA-like porins: functional characterization of bacterial physiology, antibiotic-resistance, and virulence. Commun Biol 2024; 7:948. [PMID: 39107399 PMCID: PMC11303520 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. The high rates of antibiotic-resistance acquisition make most antibiotics ineffective. Thus, new medical countermeasures are urgently needed. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are prime candidates for developing novel drug targets and antibacterial strategies. However, there are substantial gaps in our knowledge of A. baumannii OMPs. This study reports the impact of OmpA-like protein on bacterial physiology and virulence in A. baumannii strain AB5075. We found that PsaB (ABUW_0505) negatively correlates to stress tolerance, while ArfA (ABUW_2730) significantly affects bacterial stiffness, cell shape, and cell envelope thickness. Furthermore, we expand our knowledge on YiaD (ABUW_3045), demonstrating structural and virulence roles of this porin, in addition to meropenem resistance. This study provides solid foundations for understanding how uncharacterized OMPs contribute to A. baumannii's physiological and pathological processes, aiding the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cheri
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Manuel Belli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cristina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.
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Upmanyu K, Kumar R, Rizwanul Haque QM, Singh R. Exploring the evolutionary and pathogenic role of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm-associated protein (Bap) through in silico structural modeling. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:267. [PMID: 38762620 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter species encode for extracellularly secreted Biofilm-associated protein (Bap), a multi-domain protein with variable molecular weights reaching several hundred kilodaltons. Bap is crucial for the development of multi-dimensional structures of mature biofilms. In our investigation, we analyzed 7338 sequences of A. baumannii from the NCBI database and found that Bap or Bap-like protein (BLP) was present in 6422 (87.52%) isolates. Further classification revealed that 12.12% carried Type-1 Bap, 68.44% had Type-2, 6.91% had Type-3, 0.05% had Type-6 or SDF-Type, and 12.51% lacked Bap or BLP. The majority of isolates with Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3 Bap belonged to ST1, ST2, and ST25, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Type-1 Bap is the most ancient, while Type-3 and SDF-Type have evolved recently. Studying the interaction of predicted Bap structures with human CEACAM-1 and PIgR showed that Bap with its BIg13 and BIg6 domains interact with the N-terminal domain of CEACAM-1, involving Arg43 and Glu40, involved in CEACAM-1 dimerization. Also, we found that recently evolved Type-3 and SDF-Type Bap showed greater interaction with CEACAM-1 and PIgR. It can be asserted that the evolution of Bap has conferred enhanced virulence characteristics to A. baumannii with increased interaction with CEACAM-1 and PIgR. Using in silico approaches, this study explores the evolutionary, physicochemical, and structural features of A. baumannii Bap and unravels its crucial role in mediating interaction with human CEACAM-1 and PIgR through detailed structure modelling. These findings advance our understanding of A. baumannii Bap and highlight its role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Upmanyu
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Ruchi Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Barati H, Fekrirad Z, Jalali Nadoushan M, Rasooli I. Anti-OmpA antibodies as potential inhibitors of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation, adherence to, and proliferation in A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106473. [PMID: 38048840 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a critical virulence factor in Acinetobacter baumannii, influencing adhesion, biofilm formation, host immune response, and host cell apoptosis. We investigated the invasion of A549 alveolar epithelial cells by A. baumannii and examined how anti-OmpA antibodies impact these interactions. OmpA was expressed and purified, inducing anti-OmpA antibodies in BALB/c mice. The potential toxicity of OmpA was evaluated in mice by analyzing histology from six organs. A549 cells were exposed to A. baumannii strains 19606 and a clinical isolate. Using cell culture and light microscopy, we scrutinized the effects of anti-OmpA sera on serum resistance, adherence, internalization, and proliferation of A. baumannii in A549 cells. The viability of A549 cells was assessed upon exposure to live A. baumannii and anti-OmpA sera. OmpA-induced antibody demonstrated potent bactericidal effects on both strains of A. baumannii. Both strains formed biofilms, which were reduced by anti-OmpA serum, along with decreased bacterial adherence, internalization, and proliferation in A549 cells. Anti-OmpA serum improved the survival of A549 cells post-infection. Pre-treatment with cytochalasin D hindered bacterial internalization, highlighting the role of actin polymerization in invasion. Microscopic examination revealed varied interactions encompassing adherence, apoptosis, membrane alterations, vacuolization, and damage. A549 cells treated with anti-OmpA serum exhibited improved structures and reduced damage. The findings indicate that A. baumannii can adhere to and proliferate within epithelial cells with OmpA playing a pivotal role in these interactions, and the complex nature of these interactions shapes the intricate course of A. baumannii infection in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammadreza Jalali Nadoushan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center and Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center and Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Yao Y, Chen Q, Zhou H. Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii in Respiratory Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1749. [PMID: 38136783 PMCID: PMC10740465 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has become a notorious pathogen causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia. This opportunistic pathogen is found to possess powerful genomic plasticity and numerous virulence factors that facilitate its success in the infectious process. Although the interactions between A. baumannii and the pulmonary epitheliums have been extensively studied, a complete and specific description of its overall pathogenic process is lacking. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of A. baumannii, specifically focusing on the pathogenic mechanisms of this detrimental pathogen in respiratory infectious diseases. An expansion of the knowledge regarding A. baumannii pathogenesis will contribute to the development of effective therapies based on immunopathology or intracellular signaling pathways to eliminate this harmful pathogen during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.C.)
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Perruzza L, Zagaglia C, Vitiello L, Sarshar M, Strati F, Pasqua M, Grassi F, Nicoletti M, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C, Scribano D. The Shigella flexneri virulence factor apyrase is released inside eukaryotic cells to hijack host cell fate. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0077523. [PMID: 37795996 PMCID: PMC10714728 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00775-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this paper, we demonstrated that apyrase is released within the host cell cytoplasm during infection to target the intracellular ATP pool. By degrading intracellular ATP, apyrase contributes to prevent caspases activation, thereby inhibiting the activation of pyroptosis in infected cells. Our results show, for the first time, that apyrase is involved in the modulation of host cell survival, thereby aiding this pathogen to dampen the inflammatory response. This work adds a further piece to the puzzle of Shigella pathogenesis. Due to its increased spread worldwide, prevention and controlling strategies are urgently needed. Overall, this study highlighted apyrase as a suitable target for an anti-virulence therapy to tackle this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Humabs BioMed, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Strati
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Pasqua
- Institute Pasteur Italy, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Nicoletti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Maure A, Robino E, Van der Henst C. The intracellular life of Acinetobacter baumannii. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1238-1250. [PMID: 37487768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium responsible for nosocomial and community-acquired infections. This pathogen is globally disseminated and associated with high levels of antibiotic resistance, which makes it an important threat to human health. Recently, new evidence showed that several A. baumannii isolates can survive and proliferate within eukaryotic professional and/or nonprofessional phagocytic cells, with in vivo consequences. This review provides updated information and describes the tools that A. baumannii possesses to adhere, colonize, and replicate in host cells. Additionally, we emphasize the high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity detected amongst A. baumannii isolates and its impact on the bacterial intracellular features. We also discuss the need for standardized methods to characterize this pathogen robustly and consequently consider some strains as facultative intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maure
- Microbial Resistance and Drug Discovery, VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Robino
- Microbial Resistance and Drug Discovery, VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Van der Henst
- Microbial Resistance and Drug Discovery, VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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8
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Distel JS, Di Venanzio G, Mackel JJ, Rosen DA, Feldman MF. Replicative Acinetobacter baumannii strains interfere with phagosomal maturation by modulating the vacuolar pH. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011173. [PMID: 37294840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a common infection of the lower respiratory tract that can afflict patients of all ages. Multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are increasingly responsible for causing nosocomial pneumonias, thus posing an urgent threat. Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in overcoming respiratory infections caused by this pathogen. Recently, we and others have shown that new clinical isolates of A. baumannii, but not the common lab strain ATCC 19606 (19606), can persist and replicate in macrophages within spacious vacuoles that we called Acinetobacter Containing Vacuoles (ACV). In this work, we demonstrate that the modern A. baumannii clinical isolate 398, but not the lab strain 19606, can infect alveolar macrophages and produce ACVs in vivo in a murine pneumonia model. Both strains initially interact with the alveolar macrophage endocytic pathway, as indicated by EEA1 and LAMP1 markers; however, the fate of these strains diverges at a later stage. While 19606 is eliminated in an autophagy pathway, 398 replicates in ACVs and are not degraded. We show that 398 reverts the natural acidification of the phagosome by secreting large amounts of ammonia, a by-product of amino acid catabolism. We propose that this ability to survive within macrophages may be critical for the persistence of clinical A. baumannii isolates in the lung during a respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus S Distel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gisela Di Venanzio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph J Mackel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David A Rosen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mario F Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Catton EA, Bonsor DA, Herrera C, Stålhammar-Carlemalm M, Lyndin M, Turner CE, Soden J, van Strijp JAG, Singer BB, van Sorge NM, Lindahl G, McCarthy AJ. Human CEACAM1 is targeted by a Streptococcus pyogenes adhesin implicated in puerperal sepsis pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2275. [PMID: 37080973 PMCID: PMC10119177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening bacterial infections in women after childbirth, known as puerperal sepsis, resulted in classical epidemics and remain a global health problem. While outbreaks of puerperal sepsis have been ascribed to Streptococcus pyogenes, little is known about disease mechanisms. Here, we show that the bacterial R28 protein, which is epidemiologically associated with outbreaks of puerperal sepsis, specifically targets the human receptor CEACAM1. This interaction triggers events that would favor the development of puerperal sepsis, including adhesion to cervical cells, suppression of epithelial wound repair and subversion of innate immune responses. High-resolution structural analysis showed that an R28 domain with IgI3-like fold binds to the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1. Together, these findings demonstrate that a single adhesin-receptor interaction can drive the pathogenesis of bacterial sepsis and provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of one of the most important infectious diseases in medical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Catton
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daniel A Bonsor
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Section of Immunology of Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | | | - Mykola Lyndin
- Sumy State University, Sumy, 40000, Ukraine
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Claire E Turner
- The School of Biosciences, The Florey Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jo Soden
- Retrogenix, Chinley, High Peak, SK23 6FJ, Chinley, UK
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Gunnar Lindahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Alex J McCarthy
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
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Risk Factors of Clonally Related, Multi, and Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:3139270. [PMID: 36814503 PMCID: PMC9940951 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3139270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The secondary infection of multi and extensively drug-resistant "Acinetobacter baumannii" in severely ill COVID-19 individuals is usually associated with extended hospitalisation and a high mortality rate. The current study aimed to assess the exact incidence rate of A. baumannii coinfection in severely ill COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICUs), to identify the possible mechanism of A. baumannii transfer to COVID-19 patients and to find out their resistance rate against different antibiotics. Methods Fifty severely ill "COVID-19" individuals on respiratory support were selected with samples being collected from the pharynx. In addition, another 60 samples were collected from the surrounding environment. Bacterial isolates were diagnosed by microbiological cultures and confirmed by "Vitek 2 system" and real-time PCR. The "Vitek 2 Compact system" was used to evaluate these isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility. The recovered isolates' DNA fingerprints and genetic similarities were performed using ERIC-PCR. Results Twenty-six samples were tested positive for A. baumannii (20 out of 50 samples taken from patients, 40%; 6 out of 60 swabs from a nosocomial setting, 10%). All A. baumannii strains isolated from the nosocomial sites were clonally related (have the same genetic lineage) to some strains isolated from patients. However, the majority of the patients' strains were categorised as belonging to the same genetic lineage. Furthermore, "the multi and extensively drug" resistance patterns were seen in all isolates. In addition, total isolates showed resistance to the most commonly tested antibiotics, while none of them was found to be resistant to tigecycline. Conclusion Secondary "A. baumannii" infection in severely ill "COVID-19" patients is a serious matter, especially when it has one spot of transmission in the ICU as well as when it is extensively drug-resistant, necessitating an immediate and tactical response to secure the issue.
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11
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Sarshar M, Scribano D, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C, Masotti A. The Acinetobacter baumannii model can explain the role of small non-coding RNAs as potential mediators of host-pathogen interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1088783. [PMID: 36619166 PMCID: PMC9810633 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1088783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) research has accelerated over the past decade, boosted by advances in RNA-seq technologies and methodologies for capturing both protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions. The emerging picture is that these regulatory sRNAs play important roles in controlling complex physiological processes and are required to survive the antimicrobial challenge. In recent years, the RNA content of OMVs/EVs has also gained increasing attention, particularly in the context of infection. Secreted RNAs from several bacterial pathogens have been characterized but the exact mechanisms promoting pathogenicity remain elusive. In this review, we briefly discuss how secreted sRNAs interact with targets in infected cells, thus representing a novel perspective of host cell manipulation during bacterial infection. During the last decade, Acinetobacter baumannii became clinically relevant emerging pathogens responsible for nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Therefore, we also summarize recent findings of regulation by sRNAs in A. baumannii and discuss how this emerging bacterium utilizes many of these sRNAs to adapt to its niche and become successful human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Meysam Sarshar, ; Andrea Masotti,
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy,IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Meysam Sarshar, ; Andrea Masotti,
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12
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Activation of CEACAM1 with an agonistic monoclonal antibody results in inhibition of melanoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1676-1685. [PMID: 35681020 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors (IRs), such as the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), are cell surface molecules expressed on both normal epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic cells and on neoplastic cells. IRs are usually used by cancer cells to inhibit immune cell functions. Thus, CEACAM1 positive tumor cells can interact homophilically with CEACAM1 expressed on T and NK cells to inhibit their antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, we investigated the effect of agonistic/activating anti-CEACAM1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, following our hypothesis that activation of CEACAM1 on melanoma cells by distinct mAbs may induce inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and/or their death. To address this, we established an activating anti-CEACAM1 mAb (CCM5.01) and characterized its binding to the CEACAM1 receptor. Using this mAb, we assessed the expression of CEACAM1 on four different human melanoma cell lines by western blot and flow cytometry and determined its effect on cell viability in vitro by MTT assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the mAb mechanism of action and found that binding of CEACAM1 with CCM5.01 induced SHP1 phosphorylation and p53 activation resulting in melanoma cell apoptosis. For in vivo studies, a xenograft model of melanoma was performed by injection of Mel-14 cells subcutaneously (s.c.) in SCID/Beige mice followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CCM5.01 or of IgG1 isotype control every other day. CCM5.01 treated mice showed a slight but not significant decrease in tumor weight in comparison to the control group. Based on the obtained data, we suggest that activating CEACAM1 on melanoma cells might be a promising novel approach to fight cancers expressing this IR.
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Park JY, Kim CH, Cho SH. Glycan-Adhering Lectins and Experimental Evaluation of a Lectin FimH Inhibitor in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 Strain EDL933. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179931. [PMID: 36077327 PMCID: PMC9455959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tried to develop a FimH inhibitor that inhibits adhesion of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) on the epithelium of human intestine during the initial stage of infections. Using a T7 phage display method with a reference strain, EHEC EDL933, FimH was selected as an adherent lectin to GM1a and Gb3 glycans. In order to detect the ligand binding domain (LBD) of FimH, we used a docking simulation and found three binding site sequences of FimH, i.e., P1, P2, and P3. Among Gb3 mimic peptides, P2 was found to have the strongest binding strength. Moreover, in vitro treatment with peptide P2 inhibited binding activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we conducted confirmation experiments through several strains isolated from patients in Korea, EHEC NCCP15736, NCCP15737, and NCCP15739. In addition, we analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of the predicted FimH lectin-like adhesins to construct a lectin-glycan interaction (LGI). We selected 70 recently differentiated strains from the phylogenetic tree of 2240 strains with Shiga toxin in their genome. We can infer EHEC strains dynamically evolved but FimH was conserved during the evolution time according to the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, FimH could be a reliable candidate of drug target in terms of evolution. We examined how pathogen lectins interact with host glycans early in infection in EDL933 as well as several field strains and confirmed that glycan-like peptides worked as an initial infection inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sung Kyunkwan University and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Cho
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-913-4899
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Polyphosphate Kinase Is Required for the Processes of Virulence and Persistence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0123022. [PMID: 35867473 PMCID: PMC9430702 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01230-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most successful bacteria causing severe nosocomial infection, was identified as a top-priority pathogen by the WHO. Thus, genetic manipulations to clarify the potential targets for fighting A. baumannii resistance and virulence are vital. Polyphosphate (polyP) kinase (PPK) is conserved in nearly all bacteria and is responsible for polyP formation, which is associated with bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. In this study, ppk1-deficient (Δppk1::Apr), ppk1-complemented (Δppk1::Apr/PJL02-ppk1), and wild-type strains of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 were used to determine the influence of PPK1 on A. baumannii virulence and persistence mainly by polyP quantification, surface motility, biofilm formation, and bacterial persistence assays. Our work found that PPK1 is indispensable for polyP formation in vivo and that the motility of the PPK1-deficient strain was significantly impaired due to the lack of a pilus-like structure typically present compared with the complemented and wild-type strains. The deficiency of PPK1 also inhibited the biofilm formation of A. baumannii and decreased bacterial persistence under stimuli of high-concentration ampicillin (Amp) treatment, H2O2 stress, heat shock, and starvation stress. Furthermore, ppk1-deficient bacterium-infected mice showed a significantly reduced bacterial load and a decreased inflammatory response. However, complementation with PPK1 effectively rescued the impaired virulence and persistence of ppk1-deficient A. baumannii. In addition, metabonomic analysis revealed that PPK1 was associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting PPK1 to control A. baumannii pathogenicity and persistence is a feasible strategy to fight this pathogen. IMPORTANCEA. baumannii was identified as a top-priority pathogen by the WHO due to its antibiotic resistance. Meanwhile, the pathogenicity of A. baumannii mediated by several vital virulence factors also cannot be ignored. Here, the role of PPK1 in A. baumannii was also explored. We found that the motility ability and biofilm formation of a PPK1-deficient strain were significantly impaired. Furthermore, PPK1 was essential for its persistence maintenance to resist stimuli of high-concentration Amp treatment, H2O2 stress, heat shock, and starvation stress. Metabonomic analysis revealed that PPK1 was associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, ppk1-deficient bacterium-infected mice showed significantly reduced bacterial loads and a decreased inflammatory responses in vivo. Together, our results suggest that PPK1 is vital for A. baumannii pathogenicity and persistence.
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Luo J, Liu M, Wang P, Li Q, Luo C, Wei H, Hu Y, Yu J. Evaluation of a direct phage DNA detection-based Taqman qPCR methodology for quantification of phage and its application in rapid ultrasensitive identification of Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:523. [PMID: 35672689 PMCID: PMC9172196 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid phage enumeration/quantitation and viable bacteria determination is critical for phage application and treatment of infectious patients caused by the pathogenic bacteria. Methods In the current study, a direct phage DNA detection-based Taqman qPCR methodology for quantification of phage P53 and rapid ultrasensitive identification of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) was evaluated. Results The assay was capable of quantifying P53 phage DNA without DNA extraction and the detection limit of the assay was 550 PFU/mL. The agreement bias between the quantitative results of three different phage concentrations in this assay and double agar overlay plaque assay were under 3.38%. Through the built detection system, down to 1 log CFU/mL of viable A. baumannii can be detected within 4 h in A. baumannii spiked swab and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Compared with the Taqman qPCR that targets the conserved sequence of A. baumannii, the sensitivity of the assay built in this study could increase four orders of magnitude. Conclusions The methodology offers a valid alternative for enumeration of freshly prepared phage solution and diagnosis of bacterial infection caused by A. baumannii or other bacterial infection in complicated samples through switching to phages against other bacteria. Furthermore, the assay could offer drug adjustment strategy timely owing to the detection of bacteria vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. .,Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University and Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China. .,Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
| | - Min Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Qianyuan Li
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Junping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Genetic Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance and Key Virulence Features in Two Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052870. [PMID: 35270562 PMCID: PMC8910769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, Acinetobacter baumannii emerged as a major infective menace in healthcare settings due to scarce therapeutic options to treat infections. Therefore, undertaking genome comparison analyses of multi-resistant A. baumannii strains could aid the identification of key bacterial determinants to develop innovative anti-virulence approaches. Following genome sequencing, we performed a molecular characterization of key genes and genomic comparison of two A. baumannii strains, #36 and #150, with selected reference genomes. Despite a different antibiotic resistance gene content, the analyzed strains showed a very similar antibiogram profile. Interestingly, the lack of some important virulence determinants (i.e., bap, ata and omp33–36) did not abrogate their adhesive abilities to abiotic and biotic surfaces, as reported before; indeed, strains retained these capacities, although to a different extent, suggesting the presence of distinct vicarious genes. Conversely, secretion systems, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule and iron acquisition systems were highly similar to A. baumannii reference strains. Overall, our analyses increased our knowledge on A. baumannii genomic content and organization as well as the genomic events occurring in nosocomial isolates to better fit into changing healthcare environments.
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Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. This nosocomial bacterial pathogen can be associated with life-threatening infections, particularly in intensive care units. A. baumannii is mainly described as an extracellular pathogen with restricted survival within cells. This study shows that a subset of A. baumannii clinical isolates extensively multiply within nonphagocytic immortalized and primary cells without the induction of apoptosis and with bacterial clusters visible up to 48 h after infection. This phenotype was observed for the A. baumannii C4 strain associated with high mortality in a hospital outbreak and the A. baumannii ABC141 strain, which was isolated from the skin but was found to be hyperinvasive. Intracellular multiplication of these A. baumannii strains occurred within spacious single membrane-bound vacuoles, labeled with the lysosomal associate membrane protein (LAMP1). However, these compartments excluded lysotracker, an indicator of acidic pH, suggesting that A. baumannii can divert its trafficking away from the lysosomal degradative pathway. These compartments were also devoid of autophagy features. A high-content microscopy screen of 43 additional A. baumannii clinical isolates highlighted various phenotypes, and (i) the majority of isolates remained extracellular, (ii) a significant proportion was capable of invasion and limited persistence, and (iii) three more isolates efficiently multiplied within LAMP1-positive vacuoles, one of which was also hyperinvasive. These data identify an intracellular niche for specific A. baumannii clinical isolates that enables extensive multiplication in an environment protected from host immune responses and out of reach of many antibiotics. IMPORTANCE Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitals worldwide. Understanding their pathogenicity is critical for improving therapeutic management. Although A. baumannii can steadily adhere to surfaces and host cells, most bacteria remain extracellular. Recent studies have shown that a small proportion of bacteria can invade cells but present limited survival. We have found that some A. baumannii clinical isolates can establish a specialized intracellular niche that sustains extensive intracellular multiplication for a prolonged time without induction of cell death. We propose that this intracellular compartment allows A. baumannii to escape the cell’s normal degradative pathway, protecting bacteria from host immune responses and potentially hindering antibiotic accessibility. This may contribute to A. baumannii persistence, relapsing infections, and enhanced mortality in susceptible patients. A high-content microscopy-based screen confirmed that this pathogenicity trait is present in other clinical A. baumannii isolates. There is an urgent need for new antibiotics or alternative antimicrobial approaches, particularly to combat carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. The discovery of an intracellular niche for this pathogen, as well as hyperinvasive isolates, may help guide the development of antimicrobial therapies and diagnostics in the future.
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Pérez-García F, Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Gómez-Sánchez E, Gonzalo-Benito H, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Lorenzo-López M, Heredia-Rodríguez M, Martínez de Paz P, Gómez-Pesquera E, Tamayo E, Resino S. CEACAM7 polymorphisms predict genetic predisposition to mortality in post-surgical septic shock patients. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:540-544. [PMID: 34657826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We carried out a retrospective exploratory study on 173 patients who underwent major surgery and developed septic shock after surgery. Our findings suggest that CEACAM7 rs1001578, rs10409040, and rs889365 polymorphisms could influence septic shock-related death in individuals who underwent major surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pérez-García
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Maria Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Esther Gómez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Hugo Gonzalo-Benito
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Mario Lorenzo-López
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - María Heredia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Martínez de Paz
- Departamento de Cirugía, Oftalmología, Otorrinolaringología y Fisioterapia, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Gómez-Pesquera
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Tamayo
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
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Galaski J, Shhadeh A, Umaña A, Yoo CC, Arpinati L, Isaacson B, Berhani O, Singer BB, Slade DJ, Bachrach G, Mandelboim O. Fusobacterium nucleatum CbpF Mediates Inhibition of T Cell Function Through CEACAM1 Activation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:692544. [PMID: 34336716 PMCID: PMC8319768 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.692544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
F. nucleatum is an anaerobic bacterium that is associated with several tumor entities and promotes tumorigenesis. Recent evidence suggests that F. nucleatum binds the inhibitory receptor carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) via the trimeric autotransporter adhesin CbpF. However, whether this binding is functional or whether other fusobacterial trimeric autotransporter adhesins are involved in CEACAM1 activation is unknown. In this study, using F. nucleatum mutants lacking the type 5c trimeric autotransporter adhesins fvcA (CbpF), fvcB, fvcC, and fvcD, we show that F. nucleatum CbpF binds and activates CEACAM1 and also binds carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a tumor-associated protein. We further find that CEACAM antibodies directed against the CEACAM N-terminal domain block the CbpF-CEACAM1 interaction. In functional assays, we demonstrate CbpF-dependent inhibition of CD4+ T cell response. Thus, we characterize an immune evasion mechanism in which F. nucleatum uses its surface protein CbpF to inhibit T cell function by activating CEACAM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Galaski
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amjad Shhadeh
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariana Umaña
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Christopher C Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Batya Isaacson
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pompilio A, Scribano D, Sarshar M, Di Bonaventura G, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. Gram-Negative Bacteria Holding Together in a Biofilm: The Acinetobacter baumannii Way. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1353. [PMID: 34206680 PMCID: PMC8304980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a serious public-health problem worldwide. In recent years, the rates of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria associated with biofilm-forming activity have increased worrisomely, particularly among healthcare-associated pathogens. Acinetobacter baumannii is a critically opportunistic pathogen, due to the high rates of antibiotic resistant strains causing healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). The clinical isolates of A. baumannii can form biofilms on both biotic and abiotic surfaces; hospital settings and medical devices are the ideal environments for A. baumannii biofilms, thereby representing the main source of patient infections. However, the paucity of therapeutic options poses major concerns for human health infections caused by A. baumannii strains. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii biofilm-forming isolates in association with the limited number of biofilm-eradicating treatments intensify the need for effective antibiofilm approaches. This review discusses the mechanisms used by this opportunistic pathogen to form biofilms, describes their clinical impact, and summarizes the current and emerging treatment options available, both to prevent their formation and to disrupt preformed A. baumannii biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Acinetobacter baumannii: An Ancient Commensal with Weapons of a Pathogen. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040387. [PMID: 33804894 PMCID: PMC8063835 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is regarded as a life-threatening pathogen associated with community-acquired and nosocomial infections, mainly pneumonia. The rise in the number of A. baumannii antibiotic-resistant strains reduces effective therapies and increases mortality. Bacterial comparative genomic studies have unraveled the innate and acquired virulence factors of A. baumannii. These virulence factors are involved in antibiotic resistance, environmental persistence, host-pathogen interactions, and immune evasion. Studies on host–pathogen interactions revealed that A. baumannii evolved different mechanisms to adhere to in order to invade host respiratory cells as well as evade the host immune system. In this review, we discuss current data on A. baumannii genetic features and virulence factors. An emphasis is given to the players in host–pathogen interaction in the respiratory tract. In addition, we report recent investigations into host defense systems using in vitro and in vivo models, providing new insights into the innate immune response to A. baumannii infections. Increasing our knowledge of A. baumannii pathogenesis may help the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on anti-adhesive, anti-virulence, and anti-cell to cell signaling pathways drugs.
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