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Shen Y, Feng Z, Zheng C, Chen Q. CRISPR-Mediated Library Screening of Gene-Knockout Cell Lines for Investigating Antiviral Innate Immunity. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2854:51-60. [PMID: 39192118 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4108-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The application of CRISPR-mediated library screening has fundamentally transformed functional genomics by revealing the complexity of virus-host interactions. This protocol describes the use of CRISPR-mediated library screening to identify key functional genes regulating the innate immune response to PEDV infection. We detail a step-by-step process, starting from the design and construction of a customized CRISPR knockout library targeting genes involved in innate immunity to the effective delivery of these constructs into cells using lentiviral vectors. Subsequently, we outline the process of identifying functional genes postviral attack, including the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), to analyze and identify knockout cells that exhibit altered responses to infection. This integrated approach provides researchers in immunology and virology with a resource and a robust framework for uncovering the genetic basis of host-pathogen interactions and the arsenal of the innate immune system against viral invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun Shen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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2
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Wang S, Wei R, Ma X, Guo J, Aizaz M, Li F, Wang J, Wang H, He H. The host protein CALCOCO2 interacts with bovine viral diarrhoea virus Npro, inhibiting type I interferon production and thereby promoting viral replication. Virulence 2024; 15:2289764. [PMID: 38047736 PMCID: PMC10730213 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease caused by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a major infectious disease that affects the cattle industry. The nonstructural protein Npro of BVDV antagonizes the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway, thereby escaping the host immune response. The exact mechanism by which Npro uses host proteins to inhibit IFN-I production is unclear. The host protein CALCOCO2 was identified as a binding partner of Npro using a yeast two-hybrid screen. The interaction between Npro and CALCOCO2 was confirmed by yeast co-transformation, co-immunoprecipitation assays, and GST pull-down assays. The stable overexpression of CALCOCO2 markedly promoted BVDV propagation, while the knockdown of CALCOCO2 significantly inhibited BVDV replication in MDBK cells. Interestingly, CALCOCO2 inhibited IFN-I and IFN-stimulated gene production in BVDV-infected cells. Ectopic expression of CALCOCO2 effectively reduced IRF3 protein levels via the proteasome pathway. CALCOCO2 was found to promote Npro-mediated ubiquitination degradation of IRF3 by interacting with IRF3. Our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which Npro recruits the CALCOCO2 protein to regulate IRF3 degradation to inhibit IFN-I production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Muhammad Aizaz
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangxu Li
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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3
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Chen X, Li W. The heat shock protein DNAJB8 inhibits pseudorabies virus replication by autophagy. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110165. [PMID: 38936156 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) effectively utilizes numerous host proteins and pathways to establish a successful infection. Consequently, it becomes imperative to investigate novel host factors implicated in viral infections to gain a deeper understanding of PRV pathogenesis. In this study, we reveal that the host heat shock protein, DNAJB8, functions as a negative regulator in PRV replication. Our findings indicated that both mRNA and protein levels of DNAJB8 were downregulated in cells infected with PRV. Further analysis demonstrated that overexpressing DNAJB8 suppressed PRV replication, whereas its knockdown enhanced viral replication. From a mechanistic perspective, DNAJB8 promoted cellular autophagy, subsequently impeding viral replication. Additionally, we discovered that the transcription factor SOX30 regulated DNAJB8 expression, thereby influencing viral replication. Collectively, these findings enhance our comprehension of the roles played by DNAJB8 and SOX30 in viral replication, broadening our knowledge of virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Chen
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Wenfeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Technology and Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Huang M, Zhang W, Yang Y, Shao W, Wang J, Cao W, Zhu Z, Yang F, Zheng H. From homeostasis to defense: Exploring the role of selective autophagy in innate immunity and viral infections. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110169. [PMID: 38479440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The process of autophagy, a conservative evolutionary mechanism, is responsible for the removal of surplus and undesirable cytoplasmic components, thereby ensuring cellular homeostasis. Autophagy exhibits a remarkable level of selectivity by employing a multitude of cargo receptors that possess the ability to bind both ubiquitinated cargoes and autophagosomes. In the context of viral infections, selective autophagy plays a crucial role in regulating the innate immune system. Notably, numerous viruses have developed strategies to counteract, evade, or exploit the antiviral effects of selective autophagy. This review encompasses the latest research progress of selective autophagy in regulating innate immunity and virus infectious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Wenhua Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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Zhang X, Xue M, Liu L, Wang H, Qiu T, Zhou Y, Shan L, Wang Z, Liu G, Hu Y, Chen J. Rhein: A potent immunomodulator empowering largemouth bass against MSRV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109284. [PMID: 38092092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is a significant viral pathogen in largemouth bass aquaculture, causing substantial annual economic losses. However, effective prevention methods remain elusive for various reasons. Medicinal plant extracts have emerged as valuable tools in preventing and managing aquatic animal diseases. Thus, the search for immunomodulators with straightforward, safe structures in plant extracts is imperative to ensure the continued health and growth of the largemouth bass industry. In our research, we employed epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells and largemouth bass as models to assess the anti-MSRV properties and immunomodulatory effects of ten plant-derived bioactive compounds. Among them, rhein demonstrated noteworthy potential, exhibiting a 75 % reduction in viral replication in vitro at a concentration of 50 mg/L. Furthermore, rhein pre-treatment significantly inhibited MSRV genome replication in EPC cells, with the highest inhibition rate reaching 64.8 % after 24 h, underscoring rhein's preventive impact against MSRV. Likewise, rhein displayed remarkable therapeutic effects on EPC cells during the early stages of MSRV infection, achieving a maximum inhibition rate of 85.6 % in viral replication. Subsequent investigations unveiled that rhein, with its consistent activity, effectively mitigated cytopathic effects (CPE) and nuclear damage induced by MSRV infection. Moreover, it restrained mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reduced the apoptosis rate by 38.8 %. In vivo experiments reinforced these findings, demonstrating that intraperitoneal injection of rhein enhanced the expression levels of immune related genes in multiple organs, hindered virus replication, and curtailed the mortality rate of MSRV-infected largemouth bass by 29 %. Collectively, our study endorses the utility of rhein as an immunomodulator to combat MSRV infections in largemouth bass. This not only underscores the potential of rhein as a broad-spectrum antiviral and means to bolster the immune response but also highlights the role of apoptosis as an immunological marker, making it an invaluable addition to the armamentarium against aquatic viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Tianxiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Lipeng Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Guanglu Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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Taylor K, Pearson M, Das S, Sardell J, Chocian K, Gardner S. Genetic risk factors for severe and fatigue dominant long COVID and commonalities with ME/CFS identified by combinatorial analysis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:775. [PMID: 37915075 PMCID: PMC10621206 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID is a debilitating chronic condition that has affected over 100 million people globally. It is characterized by a diverse array of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and respiratory problems. Studies have so far largely failed to identify genetic associations, the mechanisms behind the disease, or any common pathophysiology with other conditions such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) that present with similar symptoms. METHODS We used a combinatorial analysis approach to identify combinations of genetic variants significantly associated with the development of long COVID and to examine the biological mechanisms underpinning its various symptoms. We compared two subpopulations of long COVID patients from Sano Genetics' Long COVID GOLD study cohort, focusing on patients with severe or fatigue dominant phenotypes. We evaluated the genetic signatures previously identified in an ME/CFS population against this long COVID population to understand similarities with other fatigue disorders that may be triggered by a prior viral infection. Finally, we also compared the output of this long COVID analysis against known genetic associations in other chronic diseases, including a range of metabolic and neurological disorders, to understand the overlap of pathophysiological mechanisms. RESULTS Combinatorial analysis identified 73 genes that were highly associated with at least one of the long COVID populations included in this analysis. Of these, 9 genes have prior associations with acute COVID-19, and 14 were differentially expressed in a transcriptomic analysis of long COVID patients. A pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the biological pathways most significantly associated with the 73 long COVID genes were mainly aligned with neurological and cardiometabolic diseases. Expanded genotype analysis suggests that specific SNX9 genotypes are a significant contributor to the risk of or protection against severe long COVID infection, but that the gene-disease relationship is context dependent and mediated by interactions with KLF15 and RYR3. Comparison of the genes uniquely associated with the Severe and Fatigue Dominant long COVID patients revealed significant differences between the pathways enriched in each subgroup. The genes unique to Severe long COVID patients were associated with immune pathways such as myeloid differentiation and macrophage foam cells. Genes unique to the Fatigue Dominant subgroup were enriched in metabolic pathways such as MAPK/JNK signaling. We also identified overlap in the genes associated with Fatigue Dominant long COVID and ME/CFS, including several involved in circadian rhythm regulation and insulin regulation. Overall, 39 SNPs associated in this study with long COVID can be linked to 9 genes identified in a recent combinatorial analysis of ME/CFS patient from UK Biobank. Among the 73 genes associated with long COVID, 42 are potentially tractable for novel drug discovery approaches, with 13 of these already targeted by drugs in clinical development pipelines. From this analysis for example, we identified TLR4 antagonists as repurposing candidates with potential to protect against long term cognitive impairment pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2. We are currently evaluating the repurposing potential of these drug targets for use in treating long COVID and/or ME/CFS. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the power of combinatorial analytics for stratifying heterogeneous populations in complex diseases that do not have simple monogenic etiologies. These results build upon the genetic findings from combinatorial analyses of severe acute COVID-19 patients and an ME/CFS population and we expect that access to additional independent, larger patient datasets will further improve the disease insights and validate potential treatment options in long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Taylor
- PrecisionLife Ltd, Unit 8B Bankside, Hanborough Business Park, Oxford, OX29 8LJ, UK
| | - Matthew Pearson
- PrecisionLife Ltd, Unit 8B Bankside, Hanborough Business Park, Oxford, OX29 8LJ, UK
| | - Sayoni Das
- PrecisionLife Ltd, Unit 8B Bankside, Hanborough Business Park, Oxford, OX29 8LJ, UK
| | - Jason Sardell
- PrecisionLife Ltd, Unit 8B Bankside, Hanborough Business Park, Oxford, OX29 8LJ, UK
| | - Karolina Chocian
- PrecisionLife Ltd, Unit 8B Bankside, Hanborough Business Park, Oxford, OX29 8LJ, UK
| | - Steve Gardner
- PrecisionLife Ltd, Unit 8B Bankside, Hanborough Business Park, Oxford, OX29 8LJ, UK.
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Zhao Y, Sui L, Wu P, Li L, Liu L, Ma B, Wang W, Chi H, Wang ZD, Wei Z, Hou Z, Zhang K, Niu J, Jin N, Li C, Zhao J, Wang G, Liu Q. EGR1 functions as a new host restriction factor for SARS-CoV-2 to inhibit virus replication through the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8. J Virol 2023; 97:e0102823. [PMID: 37772822 PMCID: PMC10653994 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01028-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Emerging vaccine-breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlight an urgent need for novel antiviral therapies. Understanding the pathogenesis of coronaviruses is critical for developing antiviral drugs. Here, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 N protein suppresses interferon (IFN) responses by reducing early growth response gene-1 (EGR1) expression. The overexpression of EGR1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by promoting IFN-regulated antiviral protein expression, which interacts with and degrades SARS-CoV-2 N protein via the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 and the cargo receptor NDP52. The MARCH8 mutants without ubiquitin ligase activity are no longer able to degrade SARS-CoV-2 N proteins, indicating that MARCH8 degrades SARS-CoV-2 N proteins dependent on its ubiquitin ligase activity. This study found a novel immune evasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 utilized by the N protein, which is helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and guiding the design of new prevention strategies against the emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyan Sui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenfang Wang
- Department of Pathogenbiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmiao Chi
- Department of Pathogenbiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze-Dong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jixue Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenbiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Zhang L, Duan Y, Wang W, Li Q, Tian J, Zhu Y, Wang R, Xie Z. Autophagy induced by human adenovirus B7 structural protein VI inhibits viral replication. Virol Sin 2023; 38:709-722. [PMID: 37549881 PMCID: PMC10590704 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus B7 (HAdV-B7) causes severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children. However, neither the child-specific antivirals or vaccines are available, nor the pathogenesis is clear. Autophagy, as part of innate immunity, plays an important role in resistance to viral infection by degrading the virus and promoting the development of innate and adaptive immunity. This study provided evidence that HAdV-B7 infection induced complete autophagic flux, and the pharmacological induction of autophagy decreased HAdV-B7 replication. In this process, the host protein Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) mediated autophagy to inhibit the replication of HAdV-B7 by binding to the PPSY structural domain of viral protein pVI through its WW structural domain. These findings further our understanding of the host immune response during viral infection and will help to develop broad anti-HAdV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yali Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China; Beijing Coal Group General Hospital, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China.
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9
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Yuan X, Zhang X, Wang H, Mao X, Sun Y, Tan L, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C, Liao Y. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Facilitates Membrane Fusion and Uncoating during Coronavirus Entry. Viruses 2023; 15:2001. [PMID: 37896778 PMCID: PMC10610886 DOI: 10.3390/v15102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in several coronavirus-productive infections has been reported, whether the UPS is required for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infections is unclear. In this study, the role of UPS in the IBV and PEDV life cycles was investigated. When the UPS was suppressed by pharmacological inhibition at the early infection stage, IBV and PEDV infectivity were severely impaired. Further study showed that inhibition of UPS did not change the internalization of virus particles; however, by using R18 and DiOC-labeled virus particles, we found that inhibition of UPS prevented the IBV and PEDV membrane fusion with late endosomes or lysosomes. In addition, proteasome inhibitors blocked the degradation of the incoming viral protein N, suggesting the uncoating process and genomic RNA release were suppressed. Subsequently, the initial translation of genomic RNA was blocked. Thus, UPS may target the virus-cellular membrane fusion to facilitate the release of incoming viruses from late endosomes or lysosomes, subsequently blocking the following virus uncoating, initial translation, and replication events. Similar to the observation of proteasome inhibitors, ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 inhibitor PYR-41 also impaired the entry of IBV, enhanced the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, and depleted mono-ubiquitin. In all, this study reveals an important role of UPS in coronavirus entry by preventing membrane fusion and identifies UPS as a potential target for developing antiviral therapies for coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yuan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (X.M.); (Y.S.); (L.T.); (C.S.); (X.Q.); (C.D.)
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10
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Yu C, Liu Q, Zhao Z, Zhai J, Xue M, Tang YD, Wang C, Zheng C. The emerging roles of MARCH8 in viral infections: A double-edged Sword. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011619. [PMID: 37708148 PMCID: PMC10501654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The host cell membrane-associated RING-CH 8 protein (MARCH8), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family, regulates intracellular turnover of many transmembrane proteins and shows potent antiviral activities. Generally, 2 antiviral modes are performed by MARCH8. On the one hand, MARCH8 catalyzes viral envelope glycoproteins (VEGs) ubiquitination and thus leads to their intracellular degradation, which is the cytoplasmic tail (CT)-dependent (CTD) mode. On the other hand, MARCH8 traps VEGs at some intracellular compartments (such as the trans-Golgi network, TGN) but without inducing their degradation, which is the cytoplasmic tail-independent (CTI) mode, by which MARCH8 hijacks furin, a cellular proprotein convertase, to block VEGs cleavage. In addition, the MARCH8 C-terminal tyrosine-based motif (TBM) 222YxxL225 also plays a key role in its CTI antiviral effects. In contrast to its antiviral potency, MARCH8 is occasionally hijacked by some viruses and bacteria to enhance their invasion, indicating a duplex role of MARCH8 in host pathogenic infections. This review summarizes MARCH8's antiviral roles and how viruses evade its restriction, shedding light on novel antiviral therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yu
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Biosafety Assessment and Biotechnology, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Beijing Centrebio Biological Corporation Limited, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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11
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Zhai X, Kong N, Zhang Y, Song Y, Qin W, Yang X, Ye C, Ye M, Tong W, Liu C, Zheng H, Yu H, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang G, Tong G, Shan T. N protein of PEDV plays chess game with host proteins by selective autophagy. Autophagy 2023; 19:2338-2352. [PMID: 36861818 PMCID: PMC10351448 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2181615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling process that maintains the homeostasis of organisms. The protein degradation role of autophagy has been widely used to control viral infection at multiple levels. In the ongoing evolutionary arms race, viruses have developed various ways to hijack and subvert autophagy in favor of its replication. It is still unclear exactly how autophagy affects or inhibits viruses. In this study, we have found a novel host restriction factor, HNRNPA1, that could inhibit PEDV replication by degrading viral nucleocapsid (N) protein. The restriction factor activates the HNRNPA1-MARCHF8/MARCH8-CALCOCO2/NDP52-autophagosome pathway with the help of transcription factor EGR1 targeting the HNRNPA1 promoter. HNRNPA1 could also promote the expression of IFN to facilitate the host antiviral defense response for antagonizing PEDV infection through RIGI protein interaction. During viral replication, we found that PEDV can, in contrast, degrade the host antiviral proteins HNRNPA1 and others (FUBP3, HNRNPK, PTBP1, and TARDBP) through its N protein through the autophagy pathway. These results reveal the dual function of selective autophagy in PEDV N and host proteins, which could promote the ubiquitination of viral particles and host antiviral proteins and degradation both of the proteins to regulate the relationship between virus infection and host innate immunity.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG: autophagy related; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GPI: glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol; hpi: hours post infection; MARCHF8/MARCH8: membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 8; MOI: multiplicity of infection; N protein: nucleocapsid protein; PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Qin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqian Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Manqing Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Qin W, Kong N, Zhang Y, Wang C, Dong S, Zhai H, Zhai X, Yang X, Ye C, Ye M, Tong W, Liu C, Yu L, Zheng H, Yu H, Zhang W, Lan D, Tong G, Shan T. PTBP1 suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication via inducing protein degradation and IFN production. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104987. [PMID: 37392846 PMCID: PMC10407749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe morbidity and mortality among newborn piglets. It significantly threatens the porcine industry in China and around the globe. To accelerate the developmental pace of drugs or vaccines against PEDV, a deeper understanding of the interaction between viral proteins and host factors is crucial. The RNA-binding protein, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), is crucial for controlling RNA metabolism and biological processes. The present work focused on exploring the effect of PTBP1 on PEDV replication. PTBP1 was upregulated during PEDV infection. The PEDV nucleocapsid (N) protein was degraded through the autophagic and proteasomal degradation pathways. Moreover, PTBP1 recruits MARCH8 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) and NDP52 (a cargo receptor) for N protein catalysis and degradation through selective autophagy. Furthermore, PTBP1 induces the host innate antiviral response via upregulating the expression of MyD88, which then regulates TNF receptor-associated factor 3/ TNF receptor-associated factor 6 expression and induces the phosphorylation of TBK1 and IFN regulatory factor 3. These processes activate the type Ⅰ IFN signaling pathway to antagonize PEDV replication. Collectively, this work illustrates a new mechanism related to PTBP1-induced viral restriction, where PTBP1 degrades the viral N protein and induces type Ⅰ IFN production to suppress PEDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Qin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; College of Animal & Verterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujie Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zhai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqian Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Manqing Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- College of Animal & Verterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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13
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PRPF19 Limits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication through Targeting and Degrading Viral Capsid Protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0161422. [PMID: 36541804 PMCID: PMC9888217 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01614-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) indicates the disease of the acute and highly contagious intestinal infection due to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), with the characteristics of watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. One of the reasons for diarrhea and death of piglets is PEDV, which leads to 100% mortality in neonatal piglets. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the interaction between virus and host to prevent and control PEDV. This study indicated that the host protein, pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19), could be controlled by the signal transducer as well as activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Thus, PEDV replication could be hindered through selective autophagy. Moreover, PRPF19 was found to recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 to the N protein for ubiquitination. For the purpose of degradation, the ubiquitin N protein is acknowledged by the cargo receptor NDP52 and transported to autolysosomes, thus inhibiting virus proliferation. To conclude, a unique antiviral mechanism of PRPF19-mediated virus restriction was shown. Moreover, a view of the innate immune response and protein degradation against PEDV replication was provided in this study. IMPORTANCE The highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) emerged in 2010, and causes high mortality rates in newborn pigs. There are no effective and safe vaccines against the highly virulent PEDV. This virus has caused devastating economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. Studying the relationship between virus and host antiviral factors is important to develop the new antiviral strategies. This study identified the pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) as a novel antiviral protein in PEDV replication and revealed its viral restriction mechanisms for the first time. PRPF19 recruited the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 to the PEDV N protein for ubiquitination, and the ubiquitin N protein was acknowledged by the cargo receptor NDP52 and transported to autolysosomes for degradation. Our findings provide new insights in host antiviral factors PRPF19 that regulate the selective autophagy protein degradation pathway to inhibit PEDV replication.
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14
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Nag J, Patel J, Tripathi S. Ubiquitin-Mediated Regulation of Autophagy During Viral Infection. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 10:1-8. [PMID: 36685070 PMCID: PMC9839220 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-022-00186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Virus infections skew the host autophagic response to meet their replication and transmission demands by tapping into the critical host regulatory mechanisms that control the autophagic flux. This review is a compendium of previous reports highlighting the mechanisms that viruses adapt to hijack the host ubiquitination machinery to repurpose autophagy for their sustenance. Recent Findings Emerging evidence suggests a critical role of host ubiquitin machinery in the manifestation of the antiviral or proviral functions of autophagy. Lately, more emphasis has been laid to identify specific host E3 ubiquitin ligases, their targets (viral or host), and characterizing corresponding ubiquitin linkages by biochemical or genome-wide genetic screening approaches. Summary Here, we highlight how viruses ingeniously engage and subvert the host ubiquitin-autophagy system to promote virus replication and antagonize intracellular innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Nag
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India ,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - Janvi Patel
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India ,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India ,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
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15
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Ji L, Wang Y, Zhou L, Lu J, Bao S, Shen Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang W. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: The Operators of the Ubiquitin Code That Regulates the RLR and cGAS-STING Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314601. [PMID: 36498930 PMCID: PMC9740615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks caused by RNA and DNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox, pose serious threats to human health. The RLR and cGAS-STING pathways contain major cytoplasmic sensors and signaling transduction axes for host innate antiviral immunity. In physiological and virus-induced pathological states, the activation and inactivation of these signal axes are tightly controlled, especially post-translational modifications (PTMs). E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are the direct manipulator of ubiquitin codons and determine the type and modification type of substrate proteins. Therefore, members of the E3s family are involved in balancing the host's innate antiviral immune responses, and their functions have been extensively studied over recent decades. In this study, we overviewed the mechanisms of different members of three E3s families that mediate the RLR and cGAS-STING axes and analyzed them as potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of virus-related diseases.
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16
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hnRNP K Degrades Viral Nucleocapsid Protein and Induces Type I IFN Production to Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication. J Virol 2022; 96:e0155522. [PMID: 36317879 PMCID: PMC9682996 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01555-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a re-emerging enteric coronavirus currently spreading in several nations and inflicting substantial financial damages on the swine industry. The currently available coronavirus vaccines do not provide adequate protection against the newly emerging viral strains. It is essential to study the relationship between host antiviral factors and the virus and to investigate the mechanisms underlying host immune response against PEDV infection. This study shows that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), the host protein determined by the transcription factor KLF15, inhibits the replication of PEDV by degrading the nucleocapsid (N) protein of PEDV in accordance with selective autophagy. hnRNP K was found to be capable of recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase, MARCH8, aiming to ubiquitinate N protein. Then, it was found that the ubiquitinated N protein could be delivered into autolysosomes for degradation by the cargo receptor NDP52, thereby inhibiting PEDV proliferation. Moreover, based on the enhanced MyD88 expression, we found that hnRNP K activated the interferon 1 (IFN-1) signaling pathway. Overall, the data obtained revealed a new mechanism of hnRNP K-mediated virus restriction wherein hnRNP K suppressed PEDV replication by degradation of viral N protein using the autophagic degradation pathway and by induction of IFN-1 production based on upregulation of MyD88 expression. IMPORTANCE The spread of the highly virulent PEDV in many countries is still leading to several epidemic and endemic outbreaks. To elucidate effective antiviral mechanisms, it is important to study the relationship between host antiviral factors and the virus and to investigate the mechanisms underlying host immune response against PEDV infection. In the work, we detected hnRNP K as a new host restriction factor which can hinder PEDV replication through degrading the nucleocapsid protein based on E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 and the cargo receptor NDP52. In addition, via the upregulation of MyD88 expression, hnRNP K could also activate the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. This study describes a previously unknown antiviral function of hnRNP K and offers a new vision toward host antiviral factors that regulate innate immune response as well as a protein degradation pathway against PEDV infection.
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17
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Ma L, Li J, Yang L, Yuan H, Pang D, Ouyang H. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: An Updated Overview of Virus Epidemiology, Virulence Variation Patterns and Virus-Host Interactions. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112434. [PMID: 36366532 PMCID: PMC9695474 DOI: 10.3390/v14112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the coronavirus family, causing deadly watery diarrhea in newborn piglets. The global pandemic of PEDV, with significant morbidity and mortality, poses a huge threat to the swine industry. The currently developed vaccines and drugs are only effective against the classic GI strains that were prevalent before 2010, while there is no effective control against the GII variant strains that are currently a global pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the biology of PEDV, including its transmission and origin, structure and function, evolution, and virus-host interaction, in an attempt to find the potential virulence factors influencing PEDV pathogenesis. We conclude with the mechanism by which PEDV components antagonize the immune responses of the virus, and the role of host factors in virus infection. Essentially, this review serves as a valuable reference for the development of attenuated virus vaccines and the potential of host factors as antiviral targets for the prevention and control of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lerong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (H.O.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (H.O.)
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (H.O.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (H.O.)
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18
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The Network of Interactions between the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Nucleocapsid and Host Cellular Proteins. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102269. [PMID: 36298827 PMCID: PMC9611260 DOI: 10.3390/v14102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Host–virus protein interactions are critical for intracellular viral propagation. Understanding the interactions between cellular and viral proteins may help us develop new antiviral strategies. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious coronavirus that causes severe damage to the global swine industry. Here, we employed co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize 426 unique PEDV nucleocapsid (N) protein-binding proteins in infected Vero cells. A protein–protein interaction network (PPI) was created, and gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analyses revealed that the PEDV N-bound proteins belong to different cellular pathways, such as nucleic acid binding, ribonucleoprotein complex binding, RNA methyltransferase, and polymerase activities. Interactions of the PEDV N protein with 11 putative proteins: tripartite motif containing 21, DEAD-box RNA helicase 24, G3BP stress granule assembly factor 1, heat shock protein family A member 8, heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1, YTH domain containing 1, nucleolin, Y-box binding protein 1, vimentin, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, and karyopherin subunit alpha 1, were further confirmed by in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assay. In summary, studying an interaction network can facilitate the identification of antiviral therapeutic strategies and novel targets for PEDV infection.
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19
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Yang E, Huang S, Jami-Alahmadi Y, McInerney GM, Wohlschlegel JA, Li MMH. Elucidation of TRIM25 ubiquitination targets involved in diverse cellular and antiviral processes. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010743. [PMID: 36067236 PMCID: PMC9481182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases is well known for its roles in antiviral restriction and innate immunity regulation, in addition to many other cellular pathways. In particular, TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination affects both carcinogenesis and antiviral response. While individual substrates have been identified for TRIM25, it remains unclear how it regulates diverse processes. Here we characterized a mutation, R54P, critical for TRIM25 catalytic activity, which we successfully utilized to "trap" substrates. We demonstrated that TRIM25 targets proteins implicated in stress granule formation (G3BP1/2), nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (UPF1), nucleoside synthesis (NME1), and mRNA translation and stability (PABPC4). The R54P mutation abolishes TRIM25 inhibition of alphaviruses independently of the host interferon response, suggesting that this antiviral effect is a direct consequence of ubiquitination. Consistent with that, we observed diminished antiviral activity upon knockdown of several TRIM25-R54P specific interactors including NME1 and PABPC4. Our findings highlight that multiple substrates mediate the cellular and antiviral activities of TRIM25, illustrating the multi-faceted role of this ubiquitination network in modulating diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Yang
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Serina Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gerald M. McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James A. Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Melody M. H. Li
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Mechanisms of host type I interferon response modulation by the nucleocapsid proteins of alpha- and betacoronaviruses. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1925-1930. [PMID: 35763067 PMCID: PMC9244355 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses can have a devastating impact on the health of humans and animals. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes extremely high fatality rates in neonatal piglets, whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic in humans. As a critical component of the host antiviral innate immune response, type I interferon production and signaling play a very important role, especially in the initial phase of the antiviral responses. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple ways to counteract type I interferon responses. Although the primary functions of the nucleocapsid protein are to facilitate viral RNA replication and package viral genomic RNA into virions, recent studies have shown that the nucleocapsid protein is also involved in virus-host interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of how the nucleocapsid proteins of PEDV and SARS-CoV-2 modulate type I interferon responses. This knowledge will be useful for developing strategies to combat coronavirus infections.
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21
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Nuclear ribonucleoprotein RALY targets virus nucleocapsid protein and induces autophagy to restrict porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102190. [PMID: 35753351 PMCID: PMC9287142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes diarrhea and dehydration in pigs and leads to great economic losses in the commercial swine industry. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of host response to viral infection remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated a novel mechanism by which RALY, a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family, significantly promotes the degradation of the PEDV nucleocapsid (N) protein to inhibit viral replication. Furthermore, we identified an interaction between RALY and the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 (membrane-associated RING-CH 8), as well as the cargo receptor NDP52 (nuclear dot protein 52 kDa), suggesting that RALY could suppress PEDV replication by degrading the viral N protein through a RALY–MARCH8–NDP52–autophagosome pathway. Collectively, these results suggest a preventive role of RALY against PEDV infection via the autophagy pathway and open up the possibility of inducing RALY in vivo as an effective prophylactic and preventive treatment for PEDV infection.
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22
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FUBP3 Degrades the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Nucleocapsid Protein and Induces the Production of Type I Interferon. J Virol 2022; 96:e0061822. [PMID: 35695513 PMCID: PMC9278154 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00618-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the globally distributed alphacoronavirus that can cause lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, causing substantial economic damage. However, the current commercial vaccines cannot effectively the existing diseases. Thus, it is of great necessity to identify the host antiviral factors and the mechanism by which the host immune system responds against PEDV infection required to be explored. The current work demonstrated that the host protein, the far upstream element-binding protein 3 (FUBP3), could be controlled by the transcription factor TCFL5, which could suppress PEDV replication through targeting and degrading the nucleocapsid (N) protein of the virus based on selective autophagy. For the ubiquitination of the N protein, FUBP3 was found to recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8/MARCHF8, which was then identified, transported to, and degraded in autolysosomes via NDP52/CALCOCO2 (cargo receptors), resulting in impaired viral proliferation. Additionally, FUBP3 was found to positively regulate type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and activate the IFN-I signaling pathway by interacting and increasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Collectively, this study showed a novel mechanism of FUBP3-mediated virus restriction, where FUBP3 was found to degrade the viral N protein and induce IFN-I production, aiming to hinder the replication of PEDV. IMPORTANCE PEDV refers to the alphacoronavirus that is found globally and has re-emerged recently, causing severe financial losses. In PEDV infection, the host activates various host restriction factors to maintain innate antiviral responses to suppress virus replication. Here, FUBP3 was detected as a new host restriction factor. FUBP3 was found to suppress PEDV replication via the degradation of the PEDV-encoded nucleocapsid (N) protein via E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 as well as the cargo receptor NDP52/CALCOCO2. Additionally, FUBP3 upregulated the IFN-I signaling pathway by interacting with and increasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) expression. This study further demonstrated that another layer of complexity could be added to the selective autophagy and innate immune response against PEDV infection are complicated.
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23
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Poly(A)-Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1 Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication by Interacting with Nucleocapsid Protein. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061196. [PMID: 35746667 PMCID: PMC9231273 DOI: 10.3390/v14061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) characterized by vomit, watery diarrhea, dehydration and high mortality. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic variant strains of PEDV have resulted in extreme economic losses to the swine industry all over the world. The study of host–virus interaction can help to better understand the viral pathogenicity. Many studies have shown that poly(A)-binding proteins are involved in the replication process of various viruses. Here, we found that the infection of PEDV downregulated the expression of poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) at the later infection stage in Vero cells. The overexpression of PABPC1 inhibited the proliferation of PEDV at transcription and translation level, and siRNA-mediated depletion of PABPC1 promoted the replication of PEDV. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis and immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that PABPC1 interacted with the nucleocapsid (N) protein of PEDV. Confocal microscopy revealed the co-localizations of PABPC1 with N protein in the cytoplasm. Taken together, these results demonstrate the antiviral effect of PABPC1 against PEDV replication by interacting with N protein, which increases understanding of the interaction between PEDV and host.
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24
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TARDBP Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication through Degrading Viral Nucleocapsid Protein and Activating Type I Interferon Signaling. J Virol 2022; 96:e0007022. [DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00070-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PEDV refers to the highly contagious enteric coronavirus that has quickly spread globally and generated substantial financial damage to the global swine industry. During virus infection, the host regulates the innate immunity and autophagy process to inhibit virus infection.
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25
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Dong C, Chen Z, Zhu L, Bsoul N, Wu H, Jiang J, Chen X, Lai Y, Yu G, Gu Y, Guo X, Gao W. Diallyl Trisulfide Enhances the Survival of Multiterritory Perforator Skin Flaps. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:809034. [PMID: 35242032 PMCID: PMC8885991 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.809034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiterritory perforator flap is one of the widest flap patterns used to repair tissue defects. However, flap necrosis of the distal part is still a challenging issue for plastic surgeons. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is an efficient ingredient extracted from garlic, exerting many important effects on different diseases. Our experiment aims to reveal whether DATS has a beneficial effect on the survival of perforator flaps and to explore its mechanism of action. The results showed that DATS enhanced angiogenesis and autophagy and reduced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, thereby improving the survival rate of skin flaps. After co-administration with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA), perforator flap survival was further improved. Mechanistically, we showed that PI3K/Akt and AMPK-HIF-1α signaling pathways in flap were activated under DATS treatment. All in all, DATS promoted the survival of multiterritory perforator flaps via the synergistic regulation of PI3K/Akt and AMPK-HIF-1α signaling pathways, and inhibition of DATS-induced autophagy further improves flap survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengji Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuliu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Najeeb Bsoul
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuankuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Lai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Gu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
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