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Klingler J, Kowdle S, Bandres JC, Emami-Gorizi R, Alvarez RA, Rao PG, Amanat F, Gleason C, Kleiner G, Simon V, Edelstein A, Perandones C, Upadhyay C, Lee B, Hioe CE. Heterologous Ad26/Ad5 adenovirus-vectored vaccines elicited SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses with potent Fc activities. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382619. [PMID: 38779671 PMCID: PMC11109367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are a critical immune determinant for protection against the virus. While virus neutralization is a key function of spike-specific antibodies, antibodies also mediate Fc-dependent activities that can play a role in protection or pathogenesis. Methods This study characterized serum antibody responses elicited after two doses of heterologous adenovirus-vectored (Ad26/ Ad5) vaccines. Results Vaccine-induced antibody binding titers and Fc-mediated functions decreased over six months, while neutralization titers remained stable. Comparison of antibody isotypes elicited after Ad26/Ad5 vs. LNP-mRNA vaccination and after infection showed that anti-spike IgG1 were dominant and produced to high levels in all groups. The Ad26/Ad5 vaccines also induced IgG4 but not IgG2 and IgG3, whereas the LNP-mRNA vaccines elicited a full Ig spectrum (IgM, IgG1-4, IgA1-2). Convalescent COVID-19 patients had mainly IgM and IgA1 alongside IgG1. Despite these differences, the neutralization potencies against early variants were similar. However, both vaccine groups had antibodies with greater Fc potencies of binding complement and Fcg receptors than the COVID-19 group. The Ad26/Ad5 group also displayed a greater potency of RBD-specific antibody-mediated cellular phagocytosis. Discussion Antibodies with distinctive quality were induced by different vaccines and infection. The data imply the utility of different vaccine platforms to elicit antibody responses with fine-tuned Fc activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéromine Klingler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Shreyas Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Raymond A. Alvarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Priyanka G. Rao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles Gleason
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Viviana Simon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexis Edelstein
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Perandones
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chitra Upadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Catarina E. Hioe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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Wang S, Guirakhoo F, Periasamy S, Ryan V, Wiggins J, Subramani C, Thibodeaux B, Sahni J, Hellerstein M, Kuzmina NA, Bukreyev A, Dodart JC, Rumyantsev A. RBD-Protein/Peptide Vaccine UB-612 Elicits Mucosal and Fc-Mediated Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Cynomolgus Macaques. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:40. [PMID: 38250853 PMCID: PMC10818657 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies provide critical protective immunity against COVID-19, and the Fc-mediated effector functions and mucosal antibodies also contribute to the protection. To expand the characterization of humoral immunity stimulated by subunit protein-peptide COVID-19 vaccine UB-612, preclinical studies in non-human primates were undertaken to investigate mucosal secretion and the effector functionality of vaccine-induced antibodies in antibody-dependent monocyte phagocytosis (ADMP) and antibody-dependent NK cell activation (ADNKA) assays. In cynomolgus macaques, UB-612 induced potent serum-neutralizing, RBD-specific IgG binding, ACE2 binding-inhibition antibodies, and antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions in ADMP and ADNKA assays. Additionally, immunized animals developed mucosal antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL). The level of mucosal or serum ADMP and ADNKA antibodies was found to be UB-612 dose-dependent. Our results highlight that the novel subunit UB-612 vaccine is a potent B-cell immunogen inducing polyfunctional antibody responses contributing to anti-viral immunity and vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Wang
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Farshad Guirakhoo
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (S.P.); (C.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.B.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Valorie Ryan
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Jonathan Wiggins
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Chandru Subramani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (S.P.); (C.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.B.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Brett Thibodeaux
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Jaya Sahni
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Michael Hellerstein
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Natalia A. Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (S.P.); (C.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.B.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (S.P.); (C.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.B.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jean-Cosme Dodart
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Alexander Rumyantsev
- Vaxxinity, Inc., Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA; (F.G.); (V.R.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (J.-C.D.)
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Lakerveld AJ, Gelderloos AT, Schepp RM, de Haan CAM, van Binnendijk RS, Rots NY, van Beek J, van Els CACM, van Kasteren PB. Difference in respiratory syncytial virus-specific Fc-mediated antibody effector functions between children and adults. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:79-93. [PMID: 37605554 PMCID: PMC10711356 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and older adults, for which there is no known correlate of protection. Increasing evidence suggests that Fc-mediated antibody effector functions have an important role, but little is known about the development, heterogeneity, and durability of these functional responses. In light of future vaccine strategies, a clear view of the immunological background and differences between various target populations is of crucial importance. In this study, we have assessed both quantitative and qualitative aspects of RSV-specific serum antibodies, including IgG/IgA levels, IgG subclasses, antibody-dependent complement deposition, cellular phagocytosis, and NK cell activation (ADNKA). Samples were collected cross-sectionally in different age groups (11-, 24-, and 46-month-old children, adults, and older adults; n = 31-35 per group) and longitudinally following natural RSV infection in (older) adults (2-36 months post-infection; n = 10). We found that serum of 24-month-old children induces significantly lower ADNKA than the serum of adults (P < 0.01), which is not explained by antibody levels. Furthermore, in (older) adults we observed boosting of antibody levels and functionality at 2-3 months after RSV infection, except for ADNKA. The strongest decrease was subsequently observed within the first 9 months, after which levels remained relatively stable up to three years post-infection. Together, these data provide a comprehensive overview of the functional landscape of RSV-specific serum antibodies in the human population, highlighting that while antibodies reach adult levels already at a young age, ADNKA requires more time to fully develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J Lakerveld
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Anne T Gelderloos
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger M Schepp
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Section Virology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S van Binnendijk
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y Rots
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Section Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Puck B van Kasteren
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Balinsky CA, Jiang L, Jani V, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Belinskaya T, Qiu Q, Long TK, Schilling MA, Jenkins SA, Corson KS, Martin NJ, Letizia AG, Hontz RD, Sun P. Antibodies to S2 domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in Moderna mRNA vaccinated subjects sustain antibody-dependent NK cell-mediated cell cytotoxicity against Omicron BA.1. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266829. [PMID: 38077368 PMCID: PMC10702584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with the primary two-dose series of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA protects against infection with the ancestral strain, and limits the presentation of severe disease after re-infection by multiple variants of concern (VOC), including Omicron, despite the lack of a strong neutralizing response to these variants. We compared antibody responses in serum samples collected from mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccinated subjects to identify mechanisms of immune escape and cross-protection. Using pseudovirus constructs containing domain-specific amino acid changes representative of Omicron BA.1, combined with domain competition and RBD-antibody depletion, we showed that RBD antibodies were primarily responsible for virus neutralization and variant escape. Antibodies to NTD played a less significant role in antibody neutralization but acted along with RBD to enhance neutralization. S2 of Omicron BA.1 had no impact on neutralization escape, suggesting it is a less critical domain for antibody neutralization; however, it was as capable as S1 at eliciting IgG3 responses and NK-cell mediated, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Antibody neutralization and ADCC activities to RBD, NTD, and S1 were all prone to BA.1 escape. In contrast, ADCC activities to S2 resisted BA.1 escape. In conclusion, S2 antibodies showed potent ADCC function and resisted Omicron BA.1 escape, suggesting that S2 contributes to cross-protection against Omicron BA.1. In line with its conserved nature, S2 may hold promise as a vaccine target against future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Balinsky
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Le Jiang
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vihasi Jani
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tatyana Belinskaya
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qi Qiu
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Megan A. Schilling
- Virology and Emerging Infectious Department, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru
| | - Sarah A. Jenkins
- Diagnostics and Surveillance Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Karen S. Corson
- US Naval Medical Research Unit-INDO PACIFIC, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Robert D. Hontz
- US Naval Medical Research Unit-INDO PACIFIC, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peifang Sun
- Diagnostics and Surveillance Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Radion EI, Mukhin VE, Kholodova AV, Vladimirov IS, Alsaeva DY, Zhdanova AS, Ulasova NY, Bulanova NV, Makarov VV, Keskinov AA, Yudin SM. Functional Characteristics of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies against Delta and Omicron Variants after Vaccination with Sputnik V. Viruses 2023; 15:1349. [PMID: 37376648 DOI: 10.3390/v15061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination leads to the production of neutralizing as well as non-neutralizing antibodies. In the current study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of both sides of immunity after vaccination with two doses of Sputnik V against SARS-CoV-2 variants Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 G614-variant (D614G), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron). First, we constructed a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus assay to assess the neutralization activity of vaccine sera. We show that serum neutralization activity against BA.1 compared to D614G is decreased by 8.16-, 11.05-, and 11.16- fold in 1, 4, and 6 months after vaccination, respectively. Moreover, previous vaccination did not increase serum neutralization activity against BA.1 in recovered patients. Next, we used the ADMP assay to evaluate the Fc-mediated function of vaccine-induced serum antibodies. Our results show that the antibody-dependent phagocytosis triggered by S-proteins of the D614G, B.1.617.2 and BA.1 variants did not differ significantly in vaccinated individuals. Moreover, the ADMP efficacy was retained over up to 6 months in vaccine sera. Our results demonstrate differences in the temporal dynamics of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions after vaccination with Sputnik V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta I Radion
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Mukhin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Alyona V Kholodova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Ivan S Vladimirov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Darya Y Alsaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Zhdanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Natalya Y Ulasova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Natalya V Bulanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Valentin V Makarov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Anton A Keskinov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Sergey M Yudin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
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