1
|
Le J, Min JH. Structural modeling and analyses of genetic variations in the human XPC nucleotide excision repair protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13535-13562. [PMID: 36890638 PMCID: PMC10485178 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2177349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) is a key initiator in the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway in mammalian cells. Inherited mutations in the XPC gene can cause xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cancer predisposition syndrome that dramatically increases the susceptibility to sunlight-induced cancers. Various genetic variants and mutations of the protein have been reported in cancer databases and literature. The current lack of a high-resolution 3-D structure of human XPC makes it difficult to assess the structural impact of the mutations/genetic variations. Using the available high-resolution crystal structure of its yeast ortholog, Rad4, we built a homology model of human XPC protein and compared it with a model generated by AlphaFold. The two models are largely consistent with each other in the structured domains. We have also assessed the degree of conservation for each residue using 966 sequences of XPC orthologs. Our structure- and sequence conservation-based assessments largely agree with the variant's impact on the protein's structural stability, computed by FoldX and SDM. Known XP missense mutations such as Y585C, W690S, and C771Y are consistently predicted to destabilize the protein's structure. Our analyses also reveal several highly conserved hydrophobic regions that are surface-exposed, which may indicate novel intermolecular interfaces that are yet to be characterized.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Le
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Min
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Isoconazole and Clemizole Hydrochloride Partially Reverse the Xeroderma Pigmentosum C Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158156. [PMID: 34360928 PMCID: PMC8346964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma Pigmentosum protein C (XPC) is involved in recognition and repair of bulky DNA damage such as lesions induced by Ultra Violet (UV) radiation. XPC-mutated cells are, therefore, photosensitive and accumulate UVB-induced pyrimidine dimers leading to increased cancer incidence. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen to identify chemicals capable of normalizing the XP-C phenotype (hyper-photosensitivity and accumulation of photoproducts). Fibroblasts from XP-C patients were treated with a library of approved chemical drugs. Out of 1280 tested chemicals, 16 showed ≥25% photo-resistance with RZscore above 2.6 and two drugs were able to favor repair of 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP). Among these two compounds, Isoconazole could partially inhibit apoptosis of the irradiated cells especially when cells were post-treated directly after UV irradiation while Clemizole Hydrochloride-mediated increase in viability was dependent on both pre and post treatment. No synergistic effect was recorded following combined drug treatment and the compounds exerted no effect on the proliferative capacity of the cells post UV exposure. Amelioration of XP-C phenotype is a pave way towards understanding the accelerated skin cancer initiation in XP-C patients. Further examination is required to decipher the molecular mechanisms targeted by these two chemicals.
Collapse
|
3
|
Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083838. [PMID: 33917194 PMCID: PMC8068079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) represent the two most common clinical cardiac diseases, characterized by angina, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, and cardiac dysfunction, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and posing a heavy socio-economic burden on society worldwide. Current treatments of these two diseases are mainly symptomatic and lack efficacy. There is thus an urgent need to develop novel therapies based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative DNA damage might be a major underlying mechanism that promotes a variety of cardiac diseases, including AF and IHD. Antioxidants, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) boosters, and enzymes involved in oxidative DNA repair processes have been shown to attenuate oxidative damage to DNA, making them potential therapeutic targets for AF and IHD. In this review, we first summarize the main molecular mechanisms responsible for oxidative DNA damage and repair both in nuclei and mitochondria, then describe the effects of oxidative DNA damage on the development of AF and IHD, and finally discuss potential targets for oxidative DNA repair-based therapeutic approaches for these two cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Martins MB, Perez AM, Bohr VA, Wilson DM, Kobarg J. NEK1 deficiency affects mitochondrial functions and the transcriptome of key DNA repair pathways. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:223-236. [PMID: 33740813 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated important roles for NIMA-related kinase 1 (NEK1) in modulating DNA damage checkpoints and DNA repair capacity. To broadly assess the contributions of NEK1 to genotoxic stress and mitochondrial functions, we characterised several relevant phenotypes of NEK1 CRISPR knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) HAP1 cells. Our studies revealed that NEK1 KO cells resulted in increased apoptosis and hypersensitivity to the alkylator methyl methanesulfonate, the radiomimetic bleomycin and UVC light, yet increased resistance to the crosslinker cisplatin. Mitochondrial functionalities were also altered in NEK1 KO cells, with phenotypes of reduced mitophagy, increased total mitochondria, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, impaired complex I activity and higher amounts of mitochondrial DNA damage. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis coupled with quantitative real-time PCR studies comparing NEK1 KO cells with NEK1 overexpressing cells revealed that the expression of genes involved in DNA repair pathways, such as base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair and double-strand break repair, are altered in a way that might influence genotoxin resistance. Together, our studies underline and further support that NEK1 serves as a hub signalling kinase in response to DNA damage, modulating DNA repair capacity, mitochondrial activity and cell fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bonjiorno Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e de Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arina Marina Perez
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Neurosciences Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jörg Kobarg
- Departamento de Bioquímica e de Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paul D, Mu H, Tavakoli A, Dai Q, Chen X, Chakraborty S, He C, Ansari A, Broyde S, Min JH. Tethering-facilitated DNA 'opening' and complementary roles of β-hairpin motifs in the Rad4/XPC DNA damage sensor protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:12348-12364. [PMID: 33119737 PMCID: PMC7708039 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
XPC/Rad4 initiates eukaryotic nucleotide excision repair on structurally diverse helix-destabilizing/distorting DNA lesions by selectively 'opening' these sites while rapidly diffusing along undamaged DNA. Previous structural studies showed that Rad4, when tethered to DNA, could also open undamaged DNA, suggesting a 'kinetic gating' mechanism whereby lesion discrimination relied on efficient opening versus diffusion. However, solution studies in support of such a mechanism were lacking and how 'opening' is brought about remained unclear. Here, we present crystal structures and fluorescence-based conformational analyses on tethered complexes, showing that Rad4 can indeed 'open' undamaged DNA in solution and that such 'opening' can largely occur without one or the other of the β-hairpin motifs in the BHD2 or BHD3 domains. Notably, the Rad4-bound 'open' DNA adopts multiple conformations in solution notwithstanding the DNA's original structure or the β-hairpins. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal compensatory roles of the β-hairpins, which may render robustness in dealing with and opening diverse lesions. Our study showcases how fluorescence-based studies can be used to obtain information complementary to ensemble structural studies. The tethering-facilitated DNA 'opening' of undamaged sites and the dynamic nature of 'open' DNA may shed light on how the protein functions within and beyond nucleotide excision repair in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debamita Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Amirrasoul Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xuejing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Sagnik Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anjum Ansari
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Suse Broyde
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Min
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
XPA deficiency affects the ubiquitin-proteasome system function. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 94:102937. [PMID: 32693352 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA), is defective in xeroderma pigmentosum patients, causing pre-disposition to skin cancer and neurological abnormalities, which is not well understood. Here, we analyzed the XPA-deficient cells transcriptional profile under oxidative stress. The imbalance in of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) gene expression was observed in XPA-deficient cells and the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NFE2L2) was indicated. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed the interaction between XPA, apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and NFE2L2 proteins. Decreased NFE2L2 protein expression and proteasome activity was also observed in XPA-deficient cells. The data suggest the involvement of the growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible beta (GADD45β) in NFE2L2 functions. Similar results were obtained in xpa-1 (RNAi) Caenorhabditis elegans suggesting the conservation of XPA and NFE2L2 interactions. In conclusion, stress response activation occurs in XPA-deficient cells under oxidative stress; however, these cells fail to activate the UPS cytoprotective response, which may contribute to XPA patient's phenotypes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Repolês BM, Machado CR, Florentino PTV. DNA lesions and repair in trypanosomatids infection. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190163. [PMID: 32236391 PMCID: PMC7197992 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological processes such as bacterial, viral and parasitic infections can generate a plethora of responses such as, but not restricted to, oxidative stress that can be harmful to the host and the pathogen. This stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species produced and antioxidant factors produced in response to the infection. This imbalance can lead to DNA lesions in both infected cells as well as in the pathogen. The effects of the host response on the parasite lead to several kinds of DNA damage, causing alterations in the parasite's metabolism; the reaction and sensitivity of the parasite to these responses are related to the DNA metabolism and life cycle of each parasite. The present review will discuss the survival strategies developed by host cells and Trypanosoma cruzi, focusing on the DNA repair mechanisms of these organisms throughout infection including the relationship between DNA damage, stress response features, and the unique characteristics of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Repolês
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The physiological impact of the aberrant oxidation products on genomic DNA were demonstrated by embryonic lethality or the cancer susceptibility and/or neurological symptoms of animal impaired in the base excision repair (BER); the major pathway to maintain genomic integrity against non-bulky DNA oxidation. However, growing evidence suggests that other DNA repair pathways or factors that are not primarily associated with the classical BER pathway are also actively involved in the mitigation of oxidative assaults on the genomic DNA, according to the corresponding types of DNA oxidation. Among others, factors dedicated to lesion recognition in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been shown to play eminent roles in the process of lesion recognition and stimulation of the enzyme activity of some sets of BER factors. Besides, substantial bulky DNA oxidation can be preferentially removed by a canonical NER mechanism; therefore, loss of function in the NER pathway shares common features arising from BER defects, including cancer predisposition and neurological disorders, although NER defects generally are nonlethal. Here we discuss recent achievements for delineating newly arising roles of NER lesion recognition factors to facilitate the BER process, and cooperative works of BER and NER pathways in response to the genotoxic oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. DNA damage in human skin and the capacities of natural compounds to modulate the bystander signalling. Open Biol 2019; 9:190208. [PMID: 31847786 PMCID: PMC6936251 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is a stratified organ frequently exposed to sun-generated ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is considered one of the major factors responsible for DNA damage. Such damage can be direct, through interactions of DNA with UV photons, or indirect, mainly through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species that introduce oxidative changes to the DNA. Oxidative stress and DNA damage also associate with profound changes at the cellular and molecular level involving several cell cycle and signal transduction factors responsible for DNA repair or irreversible changes linked to ageing. Crucially, some of these factors constitute part of the signalling known for the induction of biological changes in non-irradiated, neighbouring cells and defined as the bystander effect. Network interactions with a number of natural compounds, based on their known activity towards these biomarkers in the skin, reveal the capacity to inhibit both the bystander signalling and cell cycle/DNA damage molecules while increasing expression of the anti-oxidant enzymes. Based on this information, we discuss the likely polypharmacology applications of the natural compounds and next-generation screening technologies in improving the anti-oxidant and DNA repair capacities of the skin.
Collapse
|
10
|
Signaling Pathways, Chemical and Biological Modulators of Nucleotide Excision Repair: The Faithful Shield against UV Genotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4654206. [PMID: 31485292 PMCID: PMC6702832 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4654206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The continuous exposure of the human body's cells to radiation and genotoxic stresses leads to the accumulation of DNA lesions. Fortunately, our body has several effective repair mechanisms, among which is nucleotide excision repair (NER), to counteract these lesions. NER includes both global genome repair (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled repair (TC-NER). Deficiencies in the NER pathway underlie the development of several DNA repair diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Deficiencies in GG-NER and TC-NER render individuals to become prone to cancer and neurological disorders, respectively. Therefore, NER regulation is of interest in fine-tuning these risks. Distinct signaling cascades including the NFE2L2 (NRF2), AHR, PI3K/AKT1, MAPK, and CSNK2A1 pathways can modulate NER function. In addition, several chemical and biological compounds have proven success in regulating NER's activity. These modulators, particularly the positive ones, could therefore provide potential treatments for genetic DNA repair-based diseases. Negative modulators, nonetheless, can help sensitize cells to killing by genotoxic chemicals. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the major upstream signaling pathways and molecules that could modulate the NER's activity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Raetz AG, David SS. When you're strange: Unusual features of the MUTYH glycosylase and implications in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 80:16-25. [PMID: 31203172 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MUTYH is a base-excision repair glycosylase that removes adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine (OG). Variants of MUTYH defective in functional activity lead to MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), which progresses to cancer with very high penetrance. Whole genome and whole exome sequencing studies have found MUTYH deficiencies in an increasing number of cancer types. While the canonical OG:A repair activity of MUTYH is well characterized and similar to bacterial MutY, here we review more recent evidence that MUTYH has activities independent of OG:A repair and appear centered on the interdomain connector (IDC) region of MUTYH. We summarize evidence that MUTYH is involved in rapid DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, including PARP activation, 9-1-1 and ATR signaling, and SIRT6 activity. MUTYH alters survival and DDR to a wide variety of DNA damaging agents in a time course that is not consistent with the formation of OG:A mispairs. Studies that suggest MUTYH inhibits the repair of alkyl-DNA damage and cyclopyrimidine dimers (CPDs) is reviewed, and evidence of a synthetic lethal interaction with mismatch repair (MMR) is summarized. Based on these studies we suggest that MUTYH has evolved from an OG:A mispair glycosylase to a multifunctional scaffold for DNA damage response signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Raetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Sheila S David
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abeti R, Zeitlberger A, Peelo C, Fassihi H, Sarkany RPE, Lehmann AR, Giunti P. Xeroderma pigmentosum: overview of pharmacology and novel therapeutic strategies for neurological symptoms. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4293-4301. [PMID: 30499105 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) encompasses a group of rare diseases characterized in most cases by malfunction of nucleotide excision repair (NER), which results in an increased sensitivity to UV radiation in affected individuals. Approximately 25-30% of XP patients present with neurological symptoms, such as sensorineural deafness, mental deterioration and ataxia. Although it is known that dysfunctional DNA repair is the primary pathogenesis in XP, growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial pathophysiology may also occur. This appears to be secondary to dysfunctional NER but may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in these patients. The available pharmacological treatments in XP mostly target the dermal manifestations of the disease. In the present review, we outline how current understanding of the pathophysiology of XP could be used to develop novel therapies to counteract the neurological symptoms. Moreover, the coexistence of cancer and neurodegeneration present in XP led us to focus on possible new avenues targeting mitochondrial pathophysiology. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Abeti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology London, London, UK
| | - Anna Zeitlberger
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology London, London, UK
| | - Colm Peelo
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology London, London, UK
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert P E Sarkany
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology London, London, UK.,National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Liu J, Zhang R, Liu Y, Ren X, Gao K, Zhao C, Liu S. The relationship between DNA repair genes (XPA, XPF, XPG) polymorphism and the risk of preeclampsia in Chinese Han Women. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 14:145-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
14
|
Pascucci B, Fragale A, Marabitti V, Leuzzi G, Calcagnile AS, Parlanti E, Franchitto A, Dogliotti E, D'Errico M. CSA and CSB play a role in the response to DNA breaks. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11581-11591. [PMID: 29545921 PMCID: PMC5837770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CS proteins have been involved in the repair of a wide variety of DNA lesions. Here, we analyse the role of CS proteins in DNA break repair by studying histone H2AX phosphorylation in different cell cycle phases and DNA break repair by comet assay in CS-A and CS-B primary and transformed cells. Following methyl methane sulphate treatment a significant accumulation of unrepaired single strand breaks was detected in CS cells as compared to normal cells, leading to accumulation of double strand breaks in S and G2 phases. A delay in DSBs repair and accumulation in S and G2 phases were also observed following IR exposure. These data confirm the role of CSB in the suppression of NHEJ in S and G2 phase cells and extend this function to CSA. However, the repair kinetics of double strand breaks showed unique features for CS-A and CS-B cells suggesting that these proteins may act at different times along DNA break repair. The involvement of CS proteins in the repair of DNA breaks may play an important role in the clinical features of CS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Cristallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.,Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Section of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stepien KM, Heaton R, Rankin S, Murphy A, Bentley J, Sexton D, Hargreaves IP. Evidence of Oxidative Stress and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Disorders. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E71. [PMID: 28753922 PMCID: PMC5532579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases and conditions. Oxidative stress occurs once the antioxidant defenses of the body become overwhelmed and are no longer able to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS can then go unchallenged and are able to cause oxidative damage to cellular lipids, DNA and proteins, which will eventually result in cellular and organ dysfunction. Although not always the primary cause of disease, mitochondrial dysfunction as a secondary consequence disease of pathophysiology can result in increased ROS generation together with an impairment in cellular energy status. Mitochondrial dysfunction may result from either free radical-induced oxidative damage or direct impairment by the toxic metabolites which accumulate in certain metabolic diseases. In view of the importance of cellular antioxidant status, a number of therapeutic strategies have been employed in disorders associated with oxidative stress with a view to neutralising the ROS and reactive nitrogen species implicated in disease pathophysiology. Although successful in some cases, these adjunct therapies have yet to be incorporated into the clinical management of patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging evidence of oxidative stress, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant treatment efficacy in metabolic and non-metabolic diseases in which there is a current interest in these parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Stepien
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Scott Rankin
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Alex Murphy
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - James Bentley
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Darren Sexton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ling LB, Chang Y, Liu CW, Lai PL, Hsu T. Oxidative stress intensity-related effects of cadmium (Cd) and paraquat (PQ) on UV-damaged-DNA binding and excision repair activities in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:10-18. [PMID: 27705808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier studies showed the inhibitory effects of cadmium (Cd) and paraquat (PQ) on the gene expression of DNA mismatch recognition proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. This study explored the effects of Cd and PQ on nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity in zebrafish embryos. Exposure of embryos at 1 h post fertilization (hpf) to 3-5 μM Cd or 30-100 μM PQ for 9 h induced a 2-3-fold increase of oxidative stress, while a 6.5-fold increase of oxidative stress was induced by 200 μM PQ. Real-time RT-PCR detected a down-regulated xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) and an up-regulated UV-DDB2 gene expression in mildly-stressed embryos, whereas 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) gene expression increased with PQ exposure levels. NER of UV-damaged DNA was enhanced in weakly oxidant-stressed embryos as shown by a transcription-based DNA repair assay, yet repair activities of both UV and cisplatin-damaged DNA were inhibited in embryos exposed to 200 μM PQ. Band shift assay showed a suppression of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) binding activity in all stressed embryos. In contrast, (6-4) photoproduct (6-4PP) recognition activity was weakly stimulated except in embryos exposed to 200 μM PQ, revealing a link of NER capacity to 6-4PP binding. Our results showed that Cd and PQ imposed similar inducing effects on UV-DDB2 gene expression, NER of UV-damaged DNA and 6-4PP binding activity in zebrafish embryo under low levels of oxidative stress and NER capacity could be inhibited if the intensity of oxidative stress increased to a critical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bin Ling
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Wei Liu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Ling Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Todd Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Senoo T, Kawano S, Ikeda S. DNA base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair synergistically contribute to survival of stationary-phase cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:276-286. [PMID: 28032397 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Defects of genome maintenance may causally contribute to aging. In general, base excision repair (BER) is involved in the repair of subtle base lesions and AP sites, and bulky helix-distorting lesions are restored by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Here, we measured the chronological lifespan (CLS) of BER- and NER-deficient mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and observed the aging process of cells. The CLS of the nth1 (gene for DNA glycosylase/AP lyase) mutant and the rad16 (a homolog of human XPF) mutant were slightly shorter than that of the wild-type (WT) strain. However, survival of the nth1Δ rad16Δ double mutant was significantly reduced after entry into the stationary phase. Deletion of rad16 in an AP endonuclease mutant apn2Δ also accelerated chronological aging. These results indicate that BER and NER synergistically contribute to genome maintenance in non-dividing cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in cells during the stationary phase, and nth1Δ rad16Δ cells produced more ROS than WT cells. High mutation frequencies and nuclear DNA fragmentation were observed in nth1Δ rad16Δ stationary-phase cells concurrent with apoptotic-like cell death. Calorie restriction significantly reduced the level of ROS in the stationary phase and extended the CLS of nth1Δ rad16Δ cells. Therefore, ROS production critically affects the survival of the DNA repair mutant during chronological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Senoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shogo Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pascucci B, D'Errico M, Romagnoli A, De Nuccio C, Savino M, Pietraforte D, Lanzafame M, Calcagnile AS, Fortini P, Baccarini S, Orioli D, Degan P, Visentin S, Stefanini M, Isidoro C, Fimia GM, Dogliotti E. Overexpression of parkin rescues the defective mitochondrial phenotype and the increased apoptosis of Cockayne Syndrome A cells. Oncotarget 2016; 8:102852-102867. [PMID: 29262528 PMCID: PMC5732694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERCC8/CSA gene encodes a WD-40 repeat protein (CSA) that is part of a E3-ubiquitin ligase/COP9 signalosome complex. When mutated, CSA causes the Cockayne Syndrome group A (CS-A), a rare recessive progeroid disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. CS-A cells features include ROS hyperproduction, accumulation of oxidative genome damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process. In this study, we show that CSA localizes to mitochondria and specifically interacts with the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein (DRP1) that is hyperactivated when CSA is defective. Increased fission is not counterbalanced by increased mitophagy in CS-A cells thus leading to accumulation of fragmented mitochondria. However, when mitochondria are challenged with the mitochondrial toxin carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenyl hydrazine, CS-A fibroblasts undergo mitophagy as efficiently as normal fibroblasts, suggesting that this process remains targetable to get rid of damaged mitochondria. Indeed, when basal mitophagy was potentiated by overexpressing Parkin in CSA deficient cells, a significant rescue of the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotype was observed. Importantly, Parkin overexpression not only reactivates basal mitophagy, but plays also an anti-apoptotic role by significantly reducing the translocation of Bax at mitochondria in CS-A cells. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of CSA in mitochondrial maintenance and might open new perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy.,Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Savino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fortini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baccarini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sepe S, Milanese C, Gabriels S, Derks KWJ, Payan-Gomez C, van IJcken WFJ, Rijksen YMA, Nigg AL, Moreno S, Cerri S, Blandini F, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Mastroberardino PG. Inefficient DNA Repair Is an Aging-Related Modifier of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1866-75. [PMID: 27210754 PMCID: PMC4893155 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying relation between Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiopathology and its major risk factor, aging, is largely unknown. In light of the causative link between genome stability and aging, we investigate a possible nexus between DNA damage accumulation, aging, and PD by assessing aging-related DNA repair pathways in laboratory animal models and humans. We demonstrate that dermal fibroblasts from PD patients display flawed nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity and that Ercc1 mutant mice with mildly compromised NER exhibit typical PD-like pathological alterations, including decreased striatal dopaminergic innervation, increased phospho-synuclein levels, and defects in mitochondrial respiration. Ercc1 mouse mutants are also more sensitive to the prototypical PD toxin MPTP, and their transcriptomic landscape shares important similarities with that of PD patients. Our results demonstrate that specific defects in DNA repair impact the dopaminergic system and are associated with human PD pathology and might therefore constitute an age-related risk factor for PD. Ercc1-mediated DNA repair is necessary for preservation of dopaminergic neurons Mouse mutants with mild Ercc1 defects display signs of dopaminergic pathology Mild Ercc1 dysfunction is sensitized to the prototypical PD neurotoxin MPTP PD patients’ peripheral cells exhibit inefficient nucleotide excision repair
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sepe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Ri.Med Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sylvia Gabriels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper W J Derks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cesar Payan-Gomez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Yvonne M A Rijksen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex L Nigg
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Machado-Silva A, Cerqueira PG, Grazielle-Silva V, Gadelha FR, Peloso EDF, Teixeira SMR, Machado CR. How Trypanosoma cruzi deals with oxidative stress: Antioxidant defence and DNA repair pathways. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 767:8-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
21
|
Bauer NC, Corbett AH, Doetsch PW. The current state of eukaryotic DNA base damage and repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:10083-101. [PMID: 26519467 PMCID: PMC4666366 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a natural hazard of life. The most common DNA lesions are base, sugar, and single-strand break damage resulting from oxidation, alkylation, deamination, and spontaneous hydrolysis. If left unrepaired, such lesions can become fixed in the genome as permanent mutations. Thus, evolution has led to the creation of several highly conserved, partially redundant pathways to repair or mitigate the effects of DNA base damage. The biochemical mechanisms of these pathways have been well characterized and the impact of this work was recently highlighted by the selection of Tomas Lindahl, Aziz Sancar and Paul Modrich as the recipients of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their seminal work in defining DNA repair pathways. However, how these repair pathways are regulated and interconnected is still being elucidated. This review focuses on the classical base excision repair and strand incision pathways in eukaryotes, considering both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans, and extends to some important questions and challenges facing the field of DNA base damage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul W Doetsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Comparative study of genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities of monoterpenes camphor, eucalyptol and thujone in bacteria and mammalian cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:263-71. [PMID: 26482939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic/antigenotoxic, mutagenic/antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of monoterpenes camphor, eucalyptol and thujone were determined in bacteria and mammalian cells using alkaline comet assay, Escherichia coli K12 reversion test and MTT assay, respectively. When applied in low doses (up to 200 μM in bacterial assay and 50 μM in comet assay) monoterpenes protected repair proficient E. coli and Vero cells against UV-induced mutagenesis and 4NQO-induced DNA strand breaks, respectively. Antimutagenic response was not detected in nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficient bacteria. When monoterpenes were applied in higher doses, a weak mutagenic effect was found in mismatch repair (MMR) and NER deficient E. coli strains, while induction of DNA strand breaks was evident in human fetal lung fibroblasts MRC-5, colorectal carcinoma HT-29 and HCT 116 cells, as well as in Vero cells. Moreover, the involvement of NER, MMR and RecBCD pathways in repair of DNA lesions induced by monoterpenes was demonstrated in E. coli. Camphor, eucalyptol and thujone were cytotoxic to MRC-5, HT-29 and HCT 116 cells. The most susceptible cell line was HCT 116, with IC50 values of 4.5 mM for camphor, 4 mM for eucalyptol and 1 mM for thujone. Observed effects of monoterpenes are consistent with hormesis response, characterized by a low dose beneficial effect and a high dose adverse effect of a stressor agent, and provide a basis for further study of both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of camphor, eucalyptol and thujone.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, Velmurugu Y, Zheng G, Park B, Shim Y, Kim Y, Liu L, Van Houten B, He C, Ansari A, Min JH. Kinetic gating mechanism of DNA damage recognition by Rad4/XPC. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5849. [PMID: 25562780 PMCID: PMC4354021 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) complex initiates nucleotide excision repair by recognizing DNA lesions before recruiting downstream factors. How XPC detects structurally diverse lesions embedded within normal DNA is unknown. Here we present a crystal structure that captures the yeast XPC orthologue (Rad4) on a single register of undamaged DNA. The structure shows that a disulphide-tethered Rad4 flips out normal nucleotides and adopts a conformation similar to that seen with damaged DNA. Contrary to many DNA repair enzymes that can directly reject non-target sites as structural misfits, our results suggest that Rad4/XPC uses a kinetic gating mechanism whereby lesion selectivity arises from the kinetic competition between DNA opening and the residence time of Rad4/XPC per site. This mechanism is further supported by measurements of Rad4-induced lesion-opening times using temperature-jump perturbation spectroscopy. Kinetic gating may be a general mechanism used by site-specific DNA-binding proteins to minimize time-consuming interrogations of non-target sites. XPC nucleotide excision repair factor is key to starting the repair of diverse helix-distorting DNA lesions caused by environmental insults. Here, the authors propose a kinetic gating mechanism whereby XPC recognizes DNA lesions by preferentially opening damaged sites while readily diffusing away from undamaged sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Yogambigai Velmurugu
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Guanqun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Beomseok Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Yoonjung Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Youngchang Kim
- Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Anjum Ansari
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sakurai E, Susuki M, Kanamitsu K, Kawano S, Ikeda S. Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins Rhp7p and Rhp41p Are Involved in Abasic Site Repair of <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2015.64026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Lakkur S, Bostick RM, Roblin D, Ndirangu M, Okosun I, Annor F, Judd S, Dana Flanders W, Stevens VL, Goodman M. Oxidative balance score and oxidative stress biomarkers in a study of Whites, African Americans, and African immigrants. Biomarkers 2014; 19:471-80. [PMID: 24986097 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.937361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite measure of multiple pro- and antioxidant exposures. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of OBS with F2-isoprostanes (FIP), mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA), and fluorescent oxidative products (FOP), and assess inter-relationships among the biomarkers. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, associations of a thirteen-component OBS with biomarker levels were assessed using multivariable regression models. RESULTS Association of OBS with FIP, but not with FOP, was in the hypothesized direction. The results for mtDNA were unstable and analysis-dependent. The three biomarkers were not inter-correlated. CONCLUSIONS Different biomarkers of oxidative stress may reflect different biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Lakkur
- Department of Nutrition, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
This perspective reviews the many dimensions of base excision repair from a 10,000 foot vantage point and provides one person's view on where the field is headed. Enzyme function is considered under the lens of X-ray diffraction and single molecule studies. Base excision repair in chromatin and telomeres, regulation of expression and the role of posttranslational modifications are also discussed in the context of enzyme activities, cellular localization and interacting partners. The specialized roles that base excision repair play in transcriptional activation by active demethylation and targeted oxidation as well as how base excision repair functions in the immune processes of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination and its possible involvement in retroviral infection are also discussed. Finally the complexities of oxidative damage and its repair and its link to neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the role of base excision repair as a tumor suppressor are examined in the context of damage, repair and aging. By outlining the many base excision repair-related mysteries that have yet to be unraveled, hopefully this perspective will stimulate further interest in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont, 95 Carrigan Drive, Stafford Hall, Burlington, VT 05405-0084, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Identifying gastric cancer related genes using the shortest path algorithm and protein-protein interaction network. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:371397. [PMID: 24729971 PMCID: PMC3963223 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer, as one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide, causes about 800,000 deaths per year. Up to now, the mechanism underlying this disease is still not totally uncovered. Identification of related genes of this disease is an important step which can help to understand the mechanism underlying this disease, thereby designing effective treatments. In this study, some novel gastric cancer related genes were discovered based on the knowledge of known gastric cancer related ones. These genes were searched by applying the shortest path algorithm in protein-protein interaction network. The analysis results suggest that some of them are indeed involved in the biological process of gastric cancer, which indicates that they are the actual gastric cancer related genes with high probability. It is hopeful that the findings in this study may help promote the study of this disease and the methods can provide new insights to study various diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Berra CM, de Oliveira CS, Garcia CCM, Rocha CRR, Lerner LK, Lima LCDA, Baptista MDS, Menck CFM. Nucleotide excision repair activity on DNA damage induced by photoactivated methylene blue. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:343-56. [PMID: 23567189 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism is well known to be involved in the removal of UV-induced lesions. Nevertheless, the involvement of this pathway in the repair of lesions generated after DNA oxidation remains controversial. The effects of visible-light-excited methylene blue (MB), known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), were examined directly in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)-A and XP-C NER-deficient human fibroblasts. Initially, MB was confirmed as being incorporated in similar amounts by the cells and that its photoexcitation induces the generation of (1)O2 within cells. The analysis of cell survival indicated that NER-deficient cells were hypersensitive to photoactivated MB. This sensitivity was confirmed with cells silenced for the XPC gene and by host-cell reactivation (HCR) of plasmid exposed to the photosensitizing effects of photoexcited MB. The sensitivity detected by HCR was restored in complemented cells, confirming the participation of XPA and XPC proteins in the repair of DNA lesions induced by photosensitized MB. Furthermore, DNA damage (single- and double-strand breaks and alkali-sensitive sites) was observed in the nuclei of treated cells by alkaline comet assay, with higher frequency of lesions in NER-deficient than in NER-proficient cells. Likewise, NER-deficient cells also presented more γ-H2AX-stained nuclei and G2/M arrest after photoactivated MB treatment, probably as a consequence of DNA damage response. Notwithstanding, the kinetics of both alkali- and FPG-sensitive sites repair were similar among cells, thereby demonstrating not only that MB photoexcitation generates nuclear DNA damage, but also that the removal of these lesions is NER-independent. Therefore, this work provides further evidence that XPA and XPC proteins have specific roles in cell protection and repair/tolerance of ROS-induced DNA damage. Moreover, as XPC-deficient patients do not present neurodegeneration, premature aging, or developmental clinical symptoms, the results indicate that defects in the repair/tolerance of oxidatively generated DNA lesions are not sufficient to explain these severe clinical features of certain XP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maria Berra
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Santos de Oliveira
- Center of Health and Biological Sciences, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Koch Lerner
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício da Silva Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arczewska KD, Tomazella GG, Lindvall JM, Kassahun H, Maglioni S, Torgovnick A, Henriksson J, Matilainen O, Marquis BJ, Nelson BC, Jaruga P, Babaie E, Holmberg CI, Bürglin TR, Ventura N, Thiede B, Nilsen H. Active transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in the C. elegans nucleotide excision repair mutant xpa-1. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:5368-81. [PMID: 23580547 PMCID: PMC3664812 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription-blocking oxidative DNA damage is believed to contribute to aging and to underlie activation of oxidative stress responses and down-regulation of insulin-like signaling (ILS) in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) deficient mice. Here, we present the first quantitative proteomic description of the Caenorhabditis elegans NER-defective xpa-1 mutant and compare the proteome and transcriptome signatures. Both methods indicated activation of oxidative stress responses, which was substantiated biochemically by a bioenergetic shift involving increased steady-state reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. We identify the lesion-detection enzymes of Base Excision Repair (NTH-1) and global genome NER (XPC-1 and DDB-1) as upstream requirements for transcriptomic reprogramming as RNA-interference mediated depletion of these enzymes prevented up-regulation of genes over-expressed in the xpa-1 mutant. The transcription factors SKN-1 and SLR-2, but not DAF-16, were identified as effectors of reprogramming. As shown in human XPA cells, the levels of transcription-blocking 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine lesions were reduced in the xpa-1 mutant compared to the wild type. Hence, accumulation of cyclopurines is unlikely to be sufficient for reprogramming. Instead, our data support a model where the lesion-detection enzymes NTH-1, XPC-1 and DDB-1 play active roles to generate a genomic stress signal sufficiently strong to result in transcriptomic reprogramming in the xpa-1 mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- The Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, PO Box 1125 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
D'Errico M, Pascucci B, Iorio E, Van Houten B, Dogliotti E. The role of CSA and CSB protein in the oxidative stress response. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:261-9. [PMID: 23562424 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare hereditary disorder in which infants suffer severe developmental and neurological alterations and early death. Two genes encoding RNA polymerase II cofactors, CSA and CSB, are mutated in this syndrome. CSA and CSB proteins are known to be involved in the transcription-coupled DNA repair pathway but the sensitivity of mutant cells to a number of physical/chemical agents besides UV radiation, such as ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide and bioenergetic inhibitors indicate that these proteins play a pivotal role in additional pathways. In this review we will discuss the evidence that implicate CS proteins in the control of oxidative stress response with special emphasis on recent findings that show an altered redox balance and dysfunctional mitochondria in cells derived from patients. Working models of how these new functions might be key to developmental and neurological disease in CS will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Parlanti E, D'Errico M, Degan P, Calcagnile A, Zijno A, van der Pluijm I, van der Horst GTJ, Biard DSF, Dogliotti E. The cross talk between pathways in the repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in mouse and human cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2171-7. [PMID: 23010470 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although oxidatively damaged DNA is repaired primarily via the base excision repair (BER) pathway, it is now evident that multiple subpathways are needed. Yet, their relative contributions and coordination are still unclear. Here, mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from selected nucleotide excision repair (NER) and/or BER mouse mutants with severe (Csb(m/m)/Xpa(-/-) and Csb(m/m)/Xpc(-/-)), mild (Csb(m/m)), or no progeria (Xpa(-/-), Xpc(-/-), Ogg1(-/-), Csb(m/m)/Ogg1(-/-)) or wild-type phenotype were exposed to an oxidizing agent, potassium bromate, and genomic 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) levels were measured by HPLC-ED. The same oxidized DNA base was measured in NER/BER-defective human cell lines obtained after transfection with replicative plasmids encoding siRNA targeting DNA repair genes. We show that both BER and NER factors contribute to the repair of 8-oxoGua, although to different extents, and that the repair profiles are similar in human compared to mouse cells. The BER DNA glycosylase OGG1 dominates 8-oxoGua repair, whereas NER (XPC, XPA) and transcription-coupled repair proteins (CSB and CSA) are similar, but minor contributors. The comparison of DNA oxidation levels in double versus single defective MEFs indicates increased oxidatively damaged DNA only when both CSB and XPC/XPA are defective, indicating that these proteins operate in different pathways. Moreover, we provide the first evidence of an involvement of XPA in the control of oxidatively damaged DNA in human primary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Parlanti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yanagida J, Hammiller B, Al-Matouq J, Behrens M, Trempus CS, Repertinger SK, Hansen LA. Accelerated elimination of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage through apoptosis in CDC25A-deficient skin. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1754-61. [PMID: 22764135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) is a dual-specificity phosphatase that removes inhibitory phosphates from cyclin-dependent kinases, allowing cell-cycle progression. Activation of cell-cycle checkpoints following DNA damage results in the degradation of CDC25A, leading to cell-cycle arrest. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, which causes most skin cancer, results in both DNA damage and CDC25A degradation. We hypothesized that ablation of CDC25A in the skin would increase cell-cycle arrest following UV irradiation, allowing for improved repair of DNA damage and decreased tumorigenesis. Cdc25a(fl/fl) /Krt14-Cre recombinase mice, with decreased CDC25A in the epithelium of the skin, were generated and exposed to UV. UV-induced DNA damage, in the form of cyclopyrimidine dimers and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine adducts, was eliminated earlier from CDC25A-deficient epidermis. Surprisingly, loss of CDC25A did not alter epidermal proliferation or cell cycle after UV exposure. However, the UV-induced apoptotic response was prolonged in CDC25A-deficient skin. Double labeling of cleaved caspase-3 and the DNA damage marker γH2A.X revealed many of the apoptotic cells in UV-exposed Cdc25a mutant skin had high levels of DNA damage. Induction of skin tumors by UV irradiation of Cdc25a mutant and control mice on a skin tumor susceptible to v-ras(Ha) Tg.AC mouse background revealed UV-induced papillomas in Cdc25a mutants were significantly smaller than in controls in the first 6 weeks following UV exposure, although there was no difference in tumor multiplicity or incidence. Thus, deletion of Cdc25a increased apoptosis and accelerated the elimination of DNA damage following UV but did not substantially alter cell-cycle regulation or tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Yanagida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pascucci B, Lemma T, Iorio E, Giovannini S, Vaz B, Iavarone I, Calcagnile A, Narciso L, Degan P, Podo F, Roginskya V, Janjic BM, Van Houten B, Stefanini M, Dogliotti E, D'Errico M. An altered redox balance mediates the hypersensitivity of Cockayne syndrome primary fibroblasts to oxidative stress. Aging Cell 2012; 11:520-9. [PMID: 22404840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare hereditary multisystem disease characterized by neurological and development impairment, and premature aging. Cockayne syndrome cells are hypersensitive to oxidative stress, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unresolved. Here we provide the first evidence that primary fibroblasts derived from patients with CS-A and CS-B present an altered redox balance with increased steady-state levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and basal and induced DNA oxidative damage, loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a significant decrease in the rate of basal oxidative phosphorylation. The Na/K-ATPase, a relevant target of oxidative stress, is also affected with reduced transcription in CS fibroblasts and normal protein levels restored upon complementation with wild-type genes. High-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a significantly perturbed metabolic profile in CS-A and CS-B primary fibroblasts compared with normal cells in agreement with increased oxidative stress and alterations in cell bioenergetics. The affected processes include oxidative metabolism, glycolysis, choline phospholipid metabolism, and osmoregulation. The alterations in intracellular ROS content, oxidative DNA damage, and metabolic profile were partially rescued by the addition of an antioxidant in the culture medium suggesting that the continuous oxidative stress that characterizes CS cells plays a causative role in the underlying pathophysiology. The changes of oxidative and energy metabolism offer a clue for the clinical features of patients with CS and provide novel tools valuable for both diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pohjoismäki JLO, Boettger T, Liu Z, Goffart S, Szibor M, Braun T. Oxidative stress during mitochondrial biogenesis compromises mtDNA integrity in growing hearts and induces a global DNA repair response. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:6595-607. [PMID: 22508755 PMCID: PMC3413112 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte development in mammals is characterized by a transition from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth soon after birth. The rise of cardiomyocyte cell mass in postnatal life goes along with a proportionally bigger increase in the mitochondrial mass in response to growing energy requirements. Relatively little is known about the molecular processes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance during developmental cardiac hypertrophy. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed the activation of transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in growing rat hearts. In particular, we detected a specific upregulation of factors involved in mtDNA expression and translation. More surprisingly, we found a specific upregulation of DNA repair proteins directly linked to increased oxidative damage during heart mitochondrial biogenesis, but only relatively minor changes in the mtDNA replication machinery. Our study paves the way for improved understanding of mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA maintenance and physiological adaptation processes in the heart and provides the first evidence for the recruitment of nucleotide excision repair proteins to mtDNA in cardiomyocytes upon DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cadet J, Loft S, Olinski R, Evans MD, Bialkowski K, Richard Wagner J, Dedon PC, Møller P, Greenberg MM, Cooke MS. Biologically relevant oxidants and terminology, classification and nomenclature of oxidatively generated damage to nucleobases and 2-deoxyribose in nucleic acids. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:367-81. [PMID: 22263561 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.659248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A broad scientific community is involved in investigations aimed at delineating the mechanisms of formation and cellular processing of oxidatively generated damage to nucleic acids. Perhaps as a consequence of this breadth of research expertise, there are nomenclature problems for several of the oxidized bases including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), a ubiquitous marker of almost every type of oxidative stress in cells. Efforts to standardize the nomenclature and abbreviations of the main DNA degradation products that arise from oxidative pathways are reported. Information is also provided on the main oxidative radicals, non-radical oxygen species, one-electron agents and enzymes involved in DNA degradation pathways as well in their targets and reactivity. A brief classification of oxidatively generated damage to DNA that may involve single modifications, tandem base modifications, intrastrand and interstrand cross-links together with DNA-protein cross-links and base adducts arising from the addition of lipid peroxides breakdown products is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Direction des Sciences de Matière, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA/Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|