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Alibhai FJ, Li RK. Rejuvenation of the Aging Heart: Molecular Determinants and Applications. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:1394-1411. [PMID: 38460612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In Canada and worldwide, the elderly population (ie, individuals > 65 years of age) is increasing disproportionately relative to the total population. This is expected to have a substantial impact on the health care system, as increased aged is associated with a greater incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Within the elderly population, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, therefore developing therapies that can prevent or slow disease progression in this group is highly desirable. Historically, aging research has focused on the development of anti-aging therapies that are implemented early in life and slow the age-dependent decline in cell and organ function. However, accumulating evidence supports that late-in-life therapies can also benefit the aged cardiovascular system by limiting age-dependent functional decline. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that rejuvenation (ie, reverting cellular function to that of a younger phenotype) of the already aged cardiovascular system is possible, opening new avenues to develop therapies for older individuals. In this review, we first provide an overview of the functional changes that occur in the cardiomyocyte with aging and how this contributes to the age-dependent decline in heart function. We then discuss the various anti-aging and rejuvenation strategies that have been pursued to improve the function of the aged cardiomyocyte, with a focus on therapies implemented late in life. These strategies include 1) established systemic approaches (caloric restriction, exercise), 2) pharmacologic approaches (mTOR, AMPK, SIRT1, and autophagy-targeting molecules), and 3) emerging rejuvenation approaches (partial reprogramming, parabiosis/modulation of circulating factors, targeting endogenous stem cell populations, and senotherapeutics). Collectively, these studies demonstrate the exciting potential and limitations of current rejuvenation strategies and highlight future areas of investigation that will contribute to the development of rejuvenation therapies for the aged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Zhou T, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:42-47. [PMID: 38230287 PMCID: PMC10789137 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of cerebral energy metabolism in relation to brain damage has been the subject of extensive research. However, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), which is primarily characterized by poor cerebral energy metabolism following brain trauma, has received relatively little study in comparison to newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Mitochondrial PDHC, a multienzyme complex that functions as a crucial hub in energy metabolism and acts as a central metabolic node to mediate pyruvate oxidation after glycolysis and fuel the Krebs cycle to meet energy demands, has been reported to be one cause of energy metabolism dysfunction according to recent studies. Here we assess the potential mechanisms of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury-related brain dysfunction mediated by PDHC and further discuss the neuroprotective effects of therapeutic medicines that target PDHC activation. We also provide a summary of recent research on medicines that target PDHC in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Through an understanding of the mechanisms by which it is modulated and an investigation of the neuroprotective techniques available to activate brain PDHC and improve neonatal hypoxic-ischemic impairment, our review emphasizes the significance of PDHC impairment in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment, Rongtong Bayi Orthopedic Hospital of China, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuangao Zhong
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Preparation Rongtong Bayi Orthopedic Hospital Of
China, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Preparation Rongtong Bayi Orthopedic Hospital Of
China, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department
of Pharmacy, Xindu District People’s
Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610500, China
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3
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Hernandez-Resendiz S, Prakash A, Loo SJ, Semenzato M, Chinda K, Crespo-Avilan GE, Dam LC, Lu S, Scorrano L, Hausenloy DJ. Targeting mitochondrial shape: at the heart of cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:49. [PMID: 37955687 PMCID: PMC10643419 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need to identify novel therapeutic strategies capable of protecting the myocardium against the detrimental effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent the onset of heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this regard, perturbations in mitochondrial morphology with an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and fission can disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species production, factors which are all known to be critical determinants of cardiomyocyte death following acute myocardial IRI. As such, therapeutic approaches directed at preserving the morphology and functionality of mitochondria may provide an important strategy for cardioprotection. In this article, we provide an overview of the alterations in mitochondrial morphology which occur in response to acute myocardial IRI, and highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial shape to preserve mitochondrial function which have the future therapeutic potential to improve health outcomes in patients presenting with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linh Chi Dam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Lu
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- University College London, The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, UK.
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4
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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5
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Kolosova NG, Kozhevnikova OS, Muraleva NA, Rudnitskaya EA, Rumyantseva YV, Stefanova NA, Telegina DV, Tyumentsev MA, Fursova AZ. SkQ1 as a Tool for Controlling Accelerated Senescence Program: Experiments with OXYS Rats. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1552-1562. [PMID: 36717446 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the concept suggested by V. P. Skulachev and co-authors, aging of living organisms can be considered as a special case of programmed death of an organism - phenoptosis, and mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 is capable of inhibiting both acute and chronic phenoptosis (aging). The authors of the concept associate effects of SkQ1 with suppression of the enhanced generation of ROS in mitochondria. Numerous studies have confirmed the ability of SkQ1 to inhibit manifestations of the "healthy", or physiological, aging. According to the results of our studies, SkQ1 is especially effective in suppressing the program of genetically determined accelerated senescence in OXYS rats, which appears as an early development of a complex of age-related diseases: cataracts, retinopathy (similar to the age-related macular degeneration in humans), osteoporosis, and signs of Alzheimer's disease. Accelerated senescence in OXYS rats is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but no direct associations with oxidative stress have been identified. Nevertheless, SkQ1 is able to prevent and/or suppress development of all manifestations of accelerated senescence in OXYS rats. Its effects are due to impact on the activity of many signaling pathways and processes, but first of all they are associated with restoration of the structural and functional parameters of mitochondria. It could be suggested that the use of SkQ1 could represent a promising strategy in prevention of accelerated phenoptosis - early development of a complex of age-related diseases (multimorbidity) in people predisposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Oyuna S Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia A Muraleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Rudnitskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Rumyantseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia A Stefanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Darya V Telegina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Tyumentsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anzhella Zh Fursova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
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6
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Zavodnik IB, Kovalenia TA, Veiko AG, Lapshina EA, Ilyich TV, Kravchuk RI, Zavodnik LB, Klimovich II. [Structural and functional changes in rat liver mitochondria under calcium ion loading in the absence and presence of flavonoids]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:237-249. [PMID: 36005842 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226804237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to elucidate the mechanisms of calcium ion-induced impairments of the ultrastructure and functional activity of isolated rat liver mitochondria in the absence and presence of a number of flavonoids in vitro. In the presence of exogenous Ca²⁺ (20-60 μM), mitochondrial heterogeneity in size and electron density markedly increased: most organelles demonstrated a swollen electron-light matrix, bigger size, elongated cristae and a reduced their number, a damaged native structure of the inner membrane up to its detachment, and some mitochondria showed a more electron-dense matrix (condensed mitochondria). The calcium-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) resulted in the ultrastructural disturbances and in the effective inhibition of the respiratory activity of rat liver mitochondria. The flavonoids (10-25 μM) naringenin and catechin, dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory activity of mitochondria and stimulated the MPTP opening in the presence of Ca²⁺ ions. Since Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter, effectively prevented Ca²⁺-induced MPTP opening both in the absence and presence of flavonoids, we hypothesized that the effect of flavonoids on the MPTP opening could be mediated by stimulation of the Ca²⁺ uniporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Zavodnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - T A Kovalenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - A G Veiko
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - E A Lapshina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - T V Ilyich
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - R I Kravchuk
- Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - L B Zavodnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
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7
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Mendoza A, Karch J. Keeping the beat against time: Mitochondrial fitness in the aging heart. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:951417. [PMID: 35958271 PMCID: PMC9360554 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.951417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging strongly correlates with maladaptive architectural, mechanical, and biochemical alterations that contribute to the decline in cardiac function. Consequently, aging is a major risk factor for the development of heart disease, the leading cause of death in the developed world. In this review, we will summarize the classic and recently uncovered pathological changes within the aged heart with an emphasis on the mitochondria. Specifically, we describe the metabolic changes that occur in the aging heart as well as the loss of mitochondrial fitness and function and how these factors contribute to the decline in cardiomyocyte number. In addition, we highlight recent pharmacological, genetic, or behavioral therapeutic intervention advancements that may alleviate age-related cardiac decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielys Mendoza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020336. [PMID: 35204217 PMCID: PMC8868312 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances and the availability of diagnostic tools have considerably increased life expectancy and, consequently, the elderly segment of the world population. As age is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is critical to understand the changes in cardiac structure and function during the aging process. The phenotypes and molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging include several factors. An increase in oxidative stress is a major player in cardiac aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an important mechanism for maintaining physiological processes; its generation is regulated by a system of antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress occurs from an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses resulting in the accumulation of free radicals. In the heart, ROS activate signaling pathways involved in myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, and inflammation thereby affecting cell structure and function, and contributing to cardiac damage and remodeling. In this manuscript, we review recent published research on cardiac aging. We summarize the aging heart biology, highlighting key molecular pathways and cellular processes that underlie the redox signaling changes during aging. Main ROS sources, antioxidant defenses, and the role of dysfunctional mitochondria in the aging heart are addressed. As metabolism changes contribute to cardiac aging, we also comment on the most prevalent metabolic alterations. This review will help us to understand the mechanisms involved in the heart aging process and will provide a background for attractive molecular targets to prevent age-driven pathology of the heart. A greater understanding of the processes involved in cardiac aging may facilitate our ability to mitigate the escalating burden of CVD in older individuals and promote healthy cardiac aging.
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9
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Messerer J, Wrede C, Schipke J, Brandenberger C, Abdellatif M, Eisenberg T, Madeo F, Sedej S, Mühlfeld C. Spermidine supplementation influences mitochondrial number and morphology in the heart of aged mice. J Anat 2021; 242:91-101. [PMID: 34958481 PMCID: PMC9773166 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and progressive decline in heart function. One of the hallmarks of cellular aging is the dysfunction of mitochondria. These organelles occupy around 1/4 to 1/3 of the cardiomyocyte volume. During cardiac aging, the removal of defective or dysfunctional mitochondria by mitophagy as well as the dynamic equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission is distorted. Here, we hypothesized that these changes affect the number of mitochondria and alter their three-dimensional (3D) characteristics in aged mouse hearts. The polyamine spermidine stimulates both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and these are associated with improved cardiac function and prolonged lifespan. Therefore, we speculated that oral spermidine administration normalizes the number of mitochondria and their 3D morphology in aged myocardium. Young (4-months old) and old (24-months old) mice, treated or not treated with spermidine, were used in this study (n = 10 each). The number of mitochondria in the left ventricles was estimated by design-based stereology using the Euler-Poincaré characteristic based on a disector at the transmission electron microscopic level. The 3D morphology of mitochondria was investigated by 3D reconstruction (using manual contour drawing) from electron microscopic z-stacks obtained by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. The volume of the left ventricle and cardiomyocytes were significantly increased in aged mice with or without spermidine treatment. Although the number of mitochondria was similar in young and old control mice, it was significantly increased in aged mice treated with spermidine. The interfibrillar mitochondria from old mice exhibited a lower degree of organization and a greater variation in shape and size compared to young animals. The mitochondrial alignment along the myofibrils in the spermidine-treated mice appeared more regular than in control aged mice, however, old mitochondria from animals fed spermidine also showed a greater diversity of shape and size than young mitochondria. In conclusion, mitochondria of the aged mouse left ventricle exhibited changes in number and 3D ultrastructure that is likely the structural correlate of dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics. Spermidine treatment reduced, at least in part, these morphological changes, indicating a beneficial effect on cardiac mitochondrial alterations associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jil Messerer
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Research Core Unit Electron MicroscopyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease HannoverMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HannoverGermany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease HannoverMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HannoverGermany
| | | | - Tobias Eisenberg
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria,Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria,Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Frank Madeo
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria,Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria,Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of CardiologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria,BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MariborMariborSlovenia
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied AnatomyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Research Core Unit Electron MicroscopyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease HannoverMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HannoverGermany
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10
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Mahmoodzadeh S, Koch K, Schriever C, Xu J, Steinecker M, Leber J, Dworatzek E, Purfürst B, Kunz S, Recchia D, Canepari M, Heuser A, Di Francescantonio S, Morano I. Age-related decline in murine heart and skeletal muscle performance is attenuated by reduced Ahnak1 expression. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1249-1265. [PMID: 34212535 PMCID: PMC8517348 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a progressive reduction in cellular function leading to poor health and loss of physical performance. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging; hence, interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to provide preventive and therapeutic benefits to elderly individuals. Meta-analyses of age-related gene expression profiles showed that the expression of Ahnak1, a protein regulating several signal-transduction pathways including metabolic homeostasis, is increased with age, which is associated with low VO2MAX and poor muscle fitness. However, the role of Ahnak1 in the aging process remained unknown. Here, we investigated the age-related role of Ahnak1 in murine exercise capacity, mitochondrial function, and contractile function of cardiac and skeletal muscles. METHODS We employed 15- to 16-month-old female and male Ahnak1-knockout (Ahnak1-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and performed morphometric, biochemical, and bioenergetics assays to evaluate the effects of Ahnak1 on exercise capacity and mitochondrial morphology and function in cardiomyocytes and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. A human left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16) was used to investigate the direct role of Ahnak1 in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We found that the level of Ahnak1 protein is significantly up-regulated with age in the murine LV (1.9-fold) and TA (1.8-fold) tissues. The suppression of Ahnak1 was associated with improved exercise tolerance, as all aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice (100%) successfully completed the running programme, whereas approximately 31% male and 8% female WT mice could maintain the required running speed and distance. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that LV and TA tissue specimens of aged adult Ahnak1-KO of both sexes have significantly more enlarged/elongated mitochondria and less small mitochondria compared with WT littermates (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) at basal level. Further, we observed a shift in mitochondrial fission/fusion balance towards fusion in cardiomyocytes and TA muscle from aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice. The maximal and reserve respiratory capacities were significantly higher in cardiomyocytes from aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice compared with the WT counterparts (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Cardiomyocyte contractility and fatigue resistance of TA muscles were significantly increased in Ahnak1-KO mice of both sexes, compared with the WT groups. In vitro studies using AC16 cells have confirmed that the alteration of mitochondrial function is indeed a direct effect of Ahnak1. Finally, we presented Ahnak1 as a novel cardiac mitochondrial membrane-associated protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Ahnak1 is involved in age-related cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and could therefore serve as a promising therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Schriever
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingman Xu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Heart Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Maria Steinecker
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Leber
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, and Berliner Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Severine Kunz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah Recchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Di Francescantonio
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Morano
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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11
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Afzal N, Lederer WJ, Jafri MS, Mannella CA. Effect of crista morphology on mitochondrial ATP output: A computational study. Curr Res Physiol 2021; 4:163-176. [PMID: 34396153 PMCID: PMC8360328 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane (IM) into cristae greatly increases the ATP-generating surface area, S IM, per unit volume but also creates diffusional bottlenecks that could limit reaction rates inside mitochondria. This study explores possible effects of inner membrane folding on mitochondrial ATP output, using a mathematical model for energy metabolism developed by the Jafri group and two- and three-dimensional spatial models for mitochondria, implemented on the Virtual Cell platform. Simulations demonstrate that cristae are micro-compartments functionally distinct from the cytosol. At physiological steady states, standing gradients of ADP form inside cristae that depend on the size and shape of the compartments, and reduce local flux (rate per unit area) of the adenine nucleotide translocase. This causes matrix ADP levels to drop, which in turn reduces the flux of ATP synthase. The adverse effects of membrane folding on reaction fluxes increase with crista length and are greater for lamellar than tubular crista. However, total ATP output per mitochondrion is the product of flux of ATP synthase and S IM which can be two-fold greater for mitochondria with lamellar than tubular cristae, resulting in greater ATP output for the former. The simulations also demonstrate the crucial role played by intracristal kinases (adenylate kinase, creatine kinase) in maintaining the energy advantage of IM folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Afzal
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - M Saleet Jafri
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carmen A Mannella
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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12
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Telegina DV, Kozhevnikova OS, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG. Autophagy as a Target for the Retinoprotective Effects of the Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1640-1649. [PMID: 33705301 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, a main cause of vision loss in elderly people. The pathogenesis of dry AMD, the most common form of AMD (~ 80% cases), involves degenerative changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which are closely associated with the age-associated impairments in autophagy. Reversion of these degenerative changes is considered as a promising approach for the treatment of this incurable disease. The purpose of our study was to assess the relationship between previously identified retinoprotective effects of the mitochondrial antioxidant plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) and its influence on the autophagy process in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats characterized by the development of AMD-like retinopathy (Wistar rats were used as a control). The treatment with SkQ1 (250 nmol/kg body weight) during the period of active disease progression (from 12 to 18 months of age) completely prevented progression of clinical manifestations of retinopathy in the OXYS rats, suppressed atrophic changes in the RPE cells and activated autophagy in the retina, which was evidenced by a significant decrease in the content of the multifunctional adapter protein p62/Sqstm1 and increase in the level of the Beclin1 gene mRNA. In general, the results obtained earlier and in the present study have shown that SkQ1 is a promising agent for prevention and suppression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Telegina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - O S Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A Zh Fursova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - N G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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13
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Fernández-Ortiz M, Sayed RKA, Fernández-Martínez J, Cionfrini A, Aranda-Martínez P, Escames G, de Haro T, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Melatonin/Nrf2/NLRP3 Connection in Mouse Heart Mitochondria during Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121187. [PMID: 33260800 PMCID: PMC7760557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Age-related disorders include oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and exacerbation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 innate immune response pathways. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, however, remain unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in cardiac aging and melatonin is able to counteract its effects. With the aim of investigating the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome and the actions and target of melatonin in aged myocardium, we analyzed the expression of proteins implied in mitochondria dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and mitochondria ultrastructure in heart of wild-type and NLRP3-knockout mice of 3, 12, and 24 months-old, with and without melatonin treatment. Our results showed that the absence of NLRP3 prevented age-related mitochondrial dynamic alterations in cardiac muscle with minimal effects in cardiac autophagy during aging. The deficiency of the inflammasome affected Bax/Bcl2 ratio, but not p53 or caspase 9. The Nrf2-antioxidant pathway was also unaffected by the absence of NLRP3. Furthermore, NLRP3-deficiency prevented the drop in autophagy and mice showed less mitochondrial damage than wild-type animals. Interestingly, melatonin treatment recovered mitochondrial dynamics altered by aging and had few effects on cardiac autophagy. Melatonin supplementation also had an anti-apoptotic action in addition to restoring Nrf2-antioxidant capacity and improving mitochondria ultrastructure altered by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Antonia Cionfrini
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- CIBERfes, Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás de Haro
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- CIBERfes, Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-000 (ext. 20169)
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14
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Webb M, Sideris DP. Intimate Relations-Mitochondria and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207580. [PMID: 33066461 PMCID: PMC7589147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ageing, but the detailed causal relationship between the two is still unclear. We review the major phenomenological manifestations of mitochondrial age-related dysfunction including biochemical, regulatory and energetic features. We conclude that the complexity of these processes and their inter-relationships are still not fully understood and at this point it seems unlikely that a single linear cause and effect relationship between any specific aspect of mitochondrial biology and ageing can be established in either direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Webb
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dionisia P Sideris
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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15
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Devyatkin VA, Muraleva NA, Kolosova NG. Identification of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mitochondria-Associated Genes Capable of Affecting the Development of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057020020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Mitochondrial ROS-Modulated mtDNA: A Potential Target for Cardiac Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9423593. [PMID: 32308810 PMCID: PMC7139858 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9423593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging plays a central role in cardiovascular diseases. There is accumulating evidence linking cardiac aging to mtDNA damage, including mtDNA mutation and decreased mtDNA copy number. Current wisdom indicates that mtDNA is susceptible to damage by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). This review presents the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging, including autophagy, chronic inflammation, mtROS, and mtDNA damage, and the effects of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress on mtDNA. The importance of nucleoid-associated proteins (Pol γ), nuclear respiratory factors (NRF1 and NRF2), the cGAS-STING pathway, and the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway concerning the development of mtDNA damage during cardiac aging is discussed. Thus, the repair of damaged mtDNA provides a potential clinical target for preventing cardiac aging.
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17
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No MH, Heo JW, Yoo SZ, Kim CJ, Park DH, Kang JH, Seo DY, Han J, Kwak HB. Effects of aging and exercise training on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in the rat heart. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:179-193. [PMID: 32048000 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Exercise training is associated with benefits against chronic cardiac diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aging and treadmill exercise training on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in the rat heart. Fischer 344 rats were divided into young sedentary (YS; n = 10, 4 months), young exercise (YE; n = 10, 4 months), old sedentary (OS; n = 10, 20 months), and old exercise (OE; n = 10, 20 months) groups. Exercise training groups ran on a treadmill at 15 m/min (young) or 10 m/min (old), 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Morphological parameters, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis were analyzed in cardiac muscle. Mitochondrial O2 respiratory capacity and Ca2+ retention capacity gradually decreased, and mitochondrial H2O2 emitting potential significantly increased with aging. Exercise training attenuated aging-induced mitochondrial H2O2 emitting potential and mitochondrial O2 respiratory capacity, while protecting Ca2+ retention in the old groups. Aging triggered imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics and excess mitophagy, while exercise training ameliorated the aging-induced imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and excess mitophagy. Aging induced increase in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, while decreasing Bcl-2 levels. Exercise training protected against the elevation of apoptotic signaling markers by decreasing Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 protein levels, while decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive myonuclei. These data demonstrate that regular exercise training prevents aging-induced impairment of mitochondrial function and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cardiac muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun No
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Heo
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Zi Yoo
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Yun Seo
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Bøtker HE, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Ruiz-Meana M, Heusch G, Ovize M. Translational issues for mitoprotective agents as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2717-2729. [PMID: 31967733 PMCID: PMC7077531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre‐clinical studies have indicated that mitoprotective drugs may add cardioprotection beyond rapid revascularization, antiplatelet therapy and risk modification. We review the clinical efficacy of mitoprotective drugs that have progressed to clinical testing comprising cyclosporine A, KAI‐9803, MTP131 and TRO 40303. Whereas cyclosporine may reduce infarct size in patients undergoing primary angioplasty as evaluated by release of myocardial ischaemic biomarkers and infarct size imaging, the other drugs were not capable of demonstrating this effect in the clinical setting. The absent effect leaves the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore for reperfusion injury in humans unanswered and indicates that targeting one single mechanism to provide mitoprotection may not be efficient. Moreover, the lack of effect may relate to favourable outcome with current optimal therapy, but conditions such as age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and concurrent medications may also alter mitochondrial function. However, as long as the molecular structure of the pore remains unknown and specific inhibitors of its opening are lacking, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore remains a target for alleviation of reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, taking conditions such as ageing, sex, comorbidities and co‐medication into account may be of paramount importance during the design of pre‐clinical and clinical studies testing mitoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hector Alejandro Cabrera-Fuentes
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen. Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- CarMeN Laboratory, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon and Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France
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19
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Navarro-Hortal MD, Ramírez-Tortosa CL, Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Ochoa JJ, Ramírez-Tortosa MC, Forbes-Hernández TY, Granados-Principal S, Battino M, Quiles JL. Heart Histopathology and Mitochondrial Ultrastructure in Aged Rats Fed for 24 Months on Different Unsaturated Fats (Virgin Olive Oil, Sunflower Oil or Fish Oil) and Affected by Different Longevity. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2390. [PMID: 31591312 PMCID: PMC6835383 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a decisive role in heart physiology, with lipids having especial importance in pathology prevention and development. This study aimed to investigate how dietary lipids varying in lipid profile (virgin olive oil, sunflower oil or fish oil) affected the heart of rats during aging. Heart histopathology, mitochondrial morphometry, and oxidative status were assessed. Typical histopathological features associated with aging, such as valvular lesions, endomyocardical hyperplasia, or papillary muscle calcification, were found at a low extent in all the experimental groups. The most relevant finding was that inflammation registered by fish oil group was lower compared to the other treatments. At the ultrastructural level, heart mitochondrial area, perimeter, and aspect ratio were higher in fish oil-fed rats than in those fed on sunflower oil. Concerning oxidative stress markers, there were differences only in coenzyme Q levels and catalase activity, lower in sunflower oil-fed animals compared with those fed on fish oil. In summary, dietary intake for a long period on dietary fats with different fatty acids profile led to differences in some aspects associated with the aging process at the heart. Fish oil seems to be the fat most protective of heart during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - César L Ramírez-Tortosa
- UGC de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital San Cecilio de Granada, Avda, Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - MCarmen Ramírez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain.
- Genyo, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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20
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Guo ML, Buch S. Neuroinflammation & pre-mature aging in the context of chronic HIV infection and drug abuse: Role of dysregulated autophagy. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146446. [PMID: 31521638 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 infection has transformed from adeath sentenceto a manageable, chronic disease. Although the lifeexpectancy of HIV+ individuals is comparable to that of the uninfectedsubjects paradoxically, there is increased prevalence ofage-associatedcomorbidities such asatherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis & neurological deficits in the context of HIV infection. Drug abuse is a commoncomorbidityofHIV infection andis often associated withincreased neurological complications. Chronic neuroinflammation (abnormal microglial and astrocyte activation) and neuronal synaptodendritic injury are the features of CNS pathology observed inHIV (+) individualsthat are takingcART & that abuse drugs. Neuroinflammation is thedrivingforceunderlying prematureaging associated with HIV (+) infection, cART and drugs of abuse. Autophagy is a highly conserved process critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulated autophagyhas been shown to be linked with abnormal immune responses & aging. Recent emerging evidence implicatesthe role ofHIV/HIV proteins, cART, & abused drugsin disrupting theautophagy process in brain cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. It can thus be envisioned that co-exposure of CNS cells to HIV proteins, cART and/or abused drugs couldhavesynergistic effects on theautophagy process, thereby leading to exaggerated microglial/astrocyte activation, ultimately, promotingthe aging process. Restoration of autophagic functioncould thusprovide an alternative therapeuticstrategy formitigating neuroinflammation & ameliorating the premature aging process. The current review aims to unravel the role of dysregulated autophagy in the context of single or co-exposure of microglia, astrocytes, and neurons to HIV/HIV proteins, drugs of abuse &/or cART and will also discuss the pathways involved in dysregulated autophagy-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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21
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Picca A, Mankowski RT, Burman JL, Donisi L, Kim JS, Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as molecular targets in cardiac ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 15:543-554. [PMID: 30042431 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advancing age is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease because of the lifelong exposure to cardiovascular risk factors and specific alterations affecting the heart and the vasculature during ageing. Indeed, the ageing heart is characterized by structural and functional changes that are caused by alterations in fundamental cardiomyocyte functions. In particular, the myocardium is heavily dependent on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and is especially susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, primary alterations in mitochondrial function, which are subsequently amplified by defective quality control mechanisms, are considered to be major contributing factors to cardiac senescence. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms linking defective mitochondrial quality control mechanisms (that is, proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy) to organelle dysfunction in the context of cardiac ageing. We also illustrate relevant molecular pathways that might be exploited for the prevention and treatment of age-related heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathon L Burman
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Donisi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Cao YP, Zheng M. Mitochondrial dynamics and inter-mitochondrial communication in the heart. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:214-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Delayed Onset of Age-Dependent Changes in Ultrastructure of Myocardial Mitochondria as One of the Neotenic Features in Naked Mole Rats ( Heterocephalus glaber). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030566. [PMID: 30699925 PMCID: PMC6387357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ultrastructure of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes of naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) aged from 6 months to 11 years was examined. Mitochondria in cardiomyocytes of naked mole rats have a specific ultrastructure that is different from those in cardiomyocytes of other mammalian species studied to date. In contrast to mitochondria of other mammalian cardiomyocytes, where the internal space is completely filled by tightly packed parallel rows of cristae, mitochondria in cardiomyocytes of naked mole rats have a chaotic pattern of cristae organization with wave-like contours. Gradual formation of mitochondrial ultrastructure occurs in naked mole rats for many years. Two mitochondrial populations are developed to the age of 5 years. In addition to the main population, there are some large organelles which exceed normal sizes by two to three times. Most cristae in these mitochondria are assembled into small groups, which form the curved and ring-like structures. The appearance of some specific structural changes (i.e. bundles of parallel cristae) is observed in the mitochondrial population of naked mole rat after 11 years of age. However, these bundles are very rare and of sporadic nature. Morphometric analysis has shown that the superficial density of the inner mitochondrial membrane is similar in all examined age groups of naked mole rats: 21.1 at 6 months; 23.21 at 3 years; 23.55 at 5 years; and 20.8 at 11 years. This level is almost two times lower than in other animals studied (mice and rats). The data demonstrate that pathological changes in mitochondrial apparatus are not present in naked mole rats at least until the age of 11 years. The mitochondrial apparatus corresponds to the phenotype in young animals, thus being another neotenic feature in naked mole rats.
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Wang Y, Li Y, He C, Gou B, Song M. Mitochondrial regulation of cardiac aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1853-1864. [PMID: 30593894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive decline in cardiac structure and function. Accumulating evidence in model organisms and humans links cardiac aging to mitochondrial regulation, encompassing a complex interplay of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and sirtuins, as well as mitophagy. This review summarizes the recent discoveries on the mitochondrial regulation of cardiac aging and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects, as well as the potential interventions that alleviate aging-related cardiac diseases and attenuate cardiac aging via the regulation of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chuting He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Al-Gebaly AS. Ameliorating role of whey syrup against ageing-related damage of myocardial muscle of Wistar Albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:950-956. [PMID: 31303824 PMCID: PMC6600591 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-ing is involved in gradual breakdown of biological structure and function of body organs. The heart represents the main organ responsible for pumping the main issues of life which involving oxygen, nutrients and bioactive molecules necessary for maintaining the body functions. The present study has been conducted to assess the anti-aging properties of whey syrup collected from fermented milk in 4, 18 and 30-months-old rats. The histopathological and histochemical changes of carbohydrates and proteins were investigated. Immunohistochemical expression of smooth muscle actin and P53 was performed to assess the function of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Annexin v and biochemical changes of different cardio-biomarkers were carried out to evaluate the effects of aging. The present result of 30 months-old rats revealed myocardial infarction assessed by widening of myocardial fibers, diffused with numerous blood capillaries and dense leukocytic infiltration. The assessed biochemical markers confirmed myocardial damage. Whey supplementation improved the myocardial structure, but less improvement was observed for the 30-months-old rats. The author recommended supplementation with whey is beneficial in giving a body the demand for amino acids and minerals essential for supporting the myocardium and also provides protection against age-ing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S Al-Gebaly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman, University, 11474 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Targeting Mitochondria to Counteract Age-Related Cellular Dysfunction. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030165. [PMID: 29547561 PMCID: PMC5867886 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is related to the loss of cellular homeostasis and functions, which leads to a progressive decline in physiological ability and to aging-associated diseases. Since mitochondria are essential to energy supply, cell differentiation, cell cycle control, intracellular signaling and Ca2+ sequestration, fine-tuning mitochondrial activity appropriately, is a tightrope walk during aging. For instance, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) ensures a supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), but is also the main source of potentially harmful levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, mitochondrial function is strongly linked to mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial shape, which undergo various alterations during aging. Since mitochondria play such a critical role in an organism’s process of aging, they also offer promising targets for manipulation of senescent cellular functions. Accordingly, interventions delaying the onset of age-associated disorders involve the manipulation of mitochondrial function, including caloric restriction (CR) or exercise, as well as drugs, such as metformin, aspirin, and polyphenols. In this review, we discuss mitochondria’s role in and impact on cellular aging and their potential to serve as a target for therapeutic interventions against age-related cellular dysfunction.
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Bakeeva LE, Eldarov CM, Vangely IM, Kolosova NG, Vays VB. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 reduces age-related alterations in the ultrastructure of the lacrimal gland. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80208-80222. [PMID: 27852065 PMCID: PMC5348314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is an eye disorder affecting many people at an old age. Because dry eye syndrome is accelerated by aging, a useful approach to the prevention of this syndrome may be an intervention into the aging process. Previously, we showed that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 delays manifestations of aging and inhibits the development of age-related diseases including dry eye syndrome. Nevertheless, the link between SkQ1's effects and its suppression of age-related changes in the lacrimal gland remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 (250 nmol/[kg body weight] daily) starting at age 1.5 months significantly alleviated the pathological changes in lacrimal glands of Wistar rats by age 24 months. By this age, lacrimal glands underwent dramatic deterioration of the ultrastructure that was indicative of irreversible disturbances in these glands' functioning. In contrast, in SkQ1-treated rats, the ultrastructure of the lacrimal gland was similar to that in much younger rats. Morphometric analysis of electron-microscopic specimens of lacrimal glands revealed the presence of numerous secretory granules in acinar cells and a significant increase in the number of operating intercalary ducts. Our results confirm that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 is a promising approach to healthy ageing and to prevention of aberrations in the lacrimal gland that underlie dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora E Bakeeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chupalav M Eldarov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina M Vangely
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriya B Vays
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Anderson R, Richardson GD, Passos JF. Mechanisms driving the ageing heart. Exp Gerontol 2017; 109:5-15. [PMID: 29054534 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. One of the main risk factors for CVD is age, however the biological processes that occur in the heart during ageing are poorly understood. It is therefore important to understand the fundamental mechanisms driving heart ageing to enable the development of preventions and treatments targeting these processes. Cellular senescence is often described as the irreversible cell-cycle arrest which occurs in somatic cells. Emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence plays a key role in heart ageing, however the cell-types involved and the underlying mechanisms are not yet elucidated. In this review we discuss the current understanding of how mechanisms known to contribute to senescence impact on heart ageing and CVD. Finally, we evaluate recent data suggesting that targeting senescent cells may be a viable therapy to counteract the ageing of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Anderson
- The Randall Division, King's College London, London, UK; Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gavin D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - João F Passos
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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29
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Boengler K, Kosiol M, Mayr M, Schulz R, Rohrbach S. Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:349-369. [PMID: 28432755 PMCID: PMC5476857 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best-known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical theory, which proposes that cells, organs, and organisms age because they accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage over time. Mitochondria play a central role as the principle source of intracellular ROS, which are mainly formed at the level of complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Dysfunctional mitochondria generating less ATP have been observed in various aged organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises different features including reduced mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced activity of the complexes of the electron transport chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and increased ROS formation. Furthermore, abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence. Among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high-energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content. Therefore, the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle. In this article, we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function. Finally, novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maik Kosiol
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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30
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Muraleva NA, Devyatkin VA, Kolosova NG. Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin in the myocardium: Analysis of relations with aging and cardiomyopathy. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:26-33. [PMID: 28502773 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification of αB-crystallin (CryaB) and determines this protein's chaperone activity, intracellular distribution, translocation, and cytoprotective functions. Phosphorylation of CryaB manifests itself as either beneficial or deleterious consequences depending on the extent of phosphorylation and interaction with the cytoskeleton. Herein, for the first time, we compared the age-related alterations of the expression and phosphorylation (on Ser59: pS59) of CryaB in the myocardium of Wistar and senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. The latters, as we demonstrated here, develop cardiomyopathy by the age of 12 months against the background of hypertension. Rats at the age of 20 days, 3, 12, and 24 months were used. The expression of CryaB mRNA (studied by RT-PCR) and of the CryaB protein (analyzed by western blotting) increased with age in the myocardium of both Wistar and OXYS rats, but only at the age of 24 months did their levels become lower in OXYS rats. Phosphorylation of CryaB increased with age in all rats. There was no association of cardiomyopathy with the pS59-CryaB amount in the detergent-soluble fraction either. Moreover, immunostaining of the myocardium revealed that the amount of pS59-CryaB was greater in OXYS rats than in the control animals. This phenomenon was the result of translocation of pS59-CryaB from the detergent-soluble protein fraction to the detergent-insoluble one. The amount of pS59-CryaB in striated sarcomeres (detergent-insoluble) of the myocardium increased with age in both strains but faster in the myocardium of OXYS rats, and its accumulation preceded the development of cardiomyopathy. Translocation of phosphorylated CryaB to sarcomeres affects functional and structural properties (of cardiomyocytes) that are crucial for contractile function and myofibrillar organization and may be an important component of an endogenous mechanism of aging of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliy A Devyatkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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31
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Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q, Hoppel CL. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Aging Heart. Circ Res 2017; 118:1593-611. [PMID: 27174952 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial metabolism is the underlying basis for the increased sensitivity in the aged heart to stress. The aged heart exhibits impaired metabolic flexibility, with a decreased capacity to oxidize fatty acids and enhanced dependence on glucose metabolism. Aging impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with a greater role played by the mitochondria located between the myofibrils, the interfibrillar mitochondria. With aging, there is a decrease in activity of complexes III and IV, which account for the decrease in respiration. Furthermore, aging decreases mitochondrial content among the myofibrils. The end result is that in the interfibrillar area, there is ≈50% decrease in mitochondrial function, affecting all substrates. The defective mitochondria persist in the aged heart, leading to enhanced oxidant production and oxidative injury and the activation of oxidant signaling for cell death. Aging defects in mitochondria represent new therapeutic targets, whether by manipulation of the mitochondrial proteome, modulation of electron transport, activation of biogenesis or mitophagy, or the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion. These mechanisms provide new ways to attenuate cardiac disease in elders by preemptive treatment of age-related defects, in contrast to the treatment of disease-induced dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Lesnefsky
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Qun Chen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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32
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:451-464. [PMID: 28551802 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the prime source of ATP in cardiomyocytes. Impairment of mitochondrial metabolism results in damage to existing proteins and DNA. Such deleterious effects are part and parcel of the aging process, reducing the ability of cardiomyocytes to counter stress, such as myocardial infarction and consequent reperfusion. In such conditions, mitochondria in the heart of aged individuals exhibit decreased oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP production, and increased net reactive oxygen species production; all of these effects are independent of the decrease in number of mitochondria that occurs in these situations. Rather than being associated with the mitochondrial population in toto, these defects are almost exclusively confined to those organelles positioned between myofibrils (interfibrillar mitochondria). It is in complex III and IV where these dysfunctional aspects are manifested. In an apparent effort to correct mitochondrial metabolic defects, affected organelles are to some extent eliminated by mitophagy; at the same time, new, unaffected organelles are generated by fission of mitochondria. Because these cardiac health issues are localized to specific mitochondria, these organelles offer potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could favorably affect the aging process in heart.
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