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Chai Z, Zheng J, Shen J. Mechanism of ferroptosis regulating ischemic stroke and pharmacologically inhibiting ferroptosis in treatment of ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14865. [PMID: 39042604 PMCID: PMC11265528 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that is non-caspase-dependent and is characterized by the production of lethal levels of iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, ferroptosis has attracted great interest in the field of cerebral infarction because it differs morphologically, physiologically, and genetically from other forms of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. In addition, ROS is considered to be an important prognostic factor for ischemic stroke, making it a promising target for stroke treatment. This paper summarizes the induction and defense mechanisms associated with ferroptosis, and explores potential treatment strategies for ischemic stroke in order to lay the groundwork for the development of new neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Chai
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityChina
| | - Jiesheng Zheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityChina
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityChina
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Baringer SL, Palsa K, Spiegelman VS, Simpson IA, Connor JR. Apo- and holo-transferrin differentially interact with hephaestin and ferroportin in a novel mechanism of cellular iron release regulation. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:36. [PMID: 37277838 PMCID: PMC10243088 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apo- (iron free) and holo- (iron bound) transferrin (Tf) participate in precise regulation of brain iron uptake at endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Apo-Tf indicates an iron-deficient environment and stimulates iron release, while holo-Tf indicates an iron sufficient environment and suppresses additional iron release. Free iron is exported through ferroportin, with hephaestin as an aid to the process. Until now, the molecular mechanisms of apo- and holo-Tf influence on iron release was largely unknown. METHODS Here we use a variety of cell culture techniques, including co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay, in iPSC-derived endothelial cells and HEK 293 cells to investigate the mechanism by which apo- and holo-Tf influence cellular iron release. Given the established role of hepcidin in regulating cellular iron release, we further explored the relationship of hepcidin to transferrin in this model. RESULTS We demonstrate that holo-Tf induces the internalization of ferroportin through the established ferroportin degradation pathway. Furthermore, holo-Tf directly interacts with ferroportin, whereas apo-Tf directly interacts with hephaestin. Only pathophysiological levels of hepcidin disrupt the interaction between holo-Tf and ferroportin, but similar hepcidin levels are unable to interfere with the interaction between apo-Tf and hephaestin. The disruption of the holo-Tf and ferroportin interaction by hepcidin is due to hepcidin's ability to more rapidly internalize ferroportin compared to holo-Tf. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings provide a molecular mechanism for apo- and holo-Tf regulation of iron release from endothelial cells. They further demonstrate how hepcidin impacts these protein-protein interactions, and offer a model for how holo-Tf and hepcidin cooperate to suppress iron release. These results expand on our previous reports on mechanisms mediating regulation of brain iron uptake to provide a more thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms mediating cellular iron release in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Baringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kondaiah Palsa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Ian A Simpson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Baringer S, Palsa K, Simpson IA, Connor JR. Apo- and holo- transferrin differentially interact with ferroportin and hephaestin to regulate iron release at the blood-brain barrier. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2429356. [PMID: 36711476 PMCID: PMC9882672 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2429356/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background : Apo- (iron free) and holo- (iron bound) transferrin (Tf) participate in precise regulation of brain iron uptake at endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Apo-Tf indicates an iron deficient environment and stimulates iron release, while holo-Tf indicates an iron sufficient environment and suppresses additional iron release. Free iron is exported through ferroportin, with hephaestin as an aid to the process. Until now, the molecular mechanism of apo- and holo-Tf's influence on iron release was largely unknown. Methods : Here we use a variety of cell culture techniques, including co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay, in iPSC-derived endothelial cells and HEK 293 cells to investigate the mechanism of apo- and holo-Tf's influence over iron release. We placed our findings in physiological context by further deciphering how hepcidin played a role in this mechanism as well. Results : We demonstrate that holo-Tf induces the internalization of ferroportin through the established ferroportin degradation pathway. Furthermore, holo-Tf directly binds to ferroportin, whereas apo-Tf directly binds to hephaestin. Only pathological levels of hepcidin disrupt the interaction between holo-Tf and ferroportin, and no amount of hepcidin disrupts the interaction between apo-Tf and hephaestin. The disruption of the holo-Tf and ferroportin interaction by hepcidin is due to hepcidin's ability to rapidly internalize ferroportin compared to holo-Tf. Conclusions : These novel findings provide a molecular mechanism for apo- and holo-Tf regulation of iron release from endothelial cells. They further demonstrate how hepcidin impacts these protein-protein interactions, and offer a model for how holo-Tf and hepcidin corporate to suppress iron release. We have established a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms behind iron release regulation with great clinical impact for a variety of neurological conditions in which iron release is dysregulated.
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Baringer SL, Palsa K, Simpson IA, Connor JR. Apo- and holo- transferrin differentially interact with ferroportin and hephaestin to regulate iron release at the blood-brain barrier. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.522344. [PMID: 36712094 PMCID: PMC9882075 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.522344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Apo- (iron free) and holo- (iron bound) transferrin (Tf) participate in precise regulation of brain iron uptake at endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Apo-Tf indicates an iron deficient environment and stimulates iron release, while holo-Tf indicates an iron sufficient environment and suppresses additional iron release. Free iron is exported through ferroportin, with hephaestin as an aid to the process. Until now, the molecular mechanism of apo- and holo-Tf's influence on iron release was largely unknown. Methods Here we use a variety of cell culture techniques, including co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay, in iPSC-derived endothelial cells and HEK 293 cells to investigate the mechanism of apo- and holo-Tf's influence over iron release. We placed our findings in physiological context by further deciphering how hepcidin played a role in this mechanism as well. Results We demonstrate that holo-Tf induces the internalization of ferroportin through the established ferroportin degradation pathway. Furthermore, holo-Tf directly binds to ferroportin, whereas apo-Tf directly binds to hephaestin. Only pathological levels of hepcidin disrupt the interaction between holo-Tf and ferroportin, and no amount of hepcidin disrupts the interaction between apo-Tf and hephaestin. The disruption of the holo-Tf and ferroportin interaction by hepcidin is due to hepcidin's ability to rapidly internalize ferroportin compared to holo-Tf. Conclusions These novel findings provide a molecular mechanism for apo- and holo-Tf regulation of iron release from endothelial cells. They further demonstrate how hepcidin impacts these protein-protein interactions, and offer a model for how holo-Tf and hepcidin corporate to suppress iron release. We have established a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms behind iron release regulation with great clinical impact for a variety of neurological conditions in which iron release is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kondaiah Palsa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ian A. Simpson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Sokolov AV, Isakova-Sivak IN, Mezhenskaya DA, Kostevich VA, Gorbunov NP, Elizarova AY, Matyushenko VA, Berson YM, Grudinina NA, Kolmakov NN, Zabrodskaya YA, Komlev AS, Semak IV, Budevich AI, Rudenko LG, Vasilyev VB. Molecular mimicry of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: from the interaction of spike-specific antibodies with transferrin and lactoferrin to the antiviral effects of human recombinant lactoferrin. Biometals 2022; 36:437-462. [PMID: 36334191 PMCID: PMC9638208 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves dysregulations of iron metabolism, and although the mechanism of this pathology is not yet fully understood, correction of iron metabolism pathways seems a promising pharmacological target. The previously observed effect of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection by ferristatin II, an inducer of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) degradation, prompted the study of competition between Spike protein and TfR1 ligands, especially lactoferrin (Lf) and transferrin (Tf). We hypothesized molecular mimicry of Spike protein as cross-reactivity of Spike-specific antibodies with Tf and Lf. Thus, strong positive correlations (R2 > 0.95) were found between the level of Spike-specific IgG antibodies present in serum samples of COVID-19-recovered and Sputnik V-vaccinated individuals and their Tf-binding activity assayed with peroxidase-labeled anti-Tf. In addition, we observed cross-reactivity of Lf-specific murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) towards the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. On the other hand, the interaction of mAbs produced to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike protein with recombinant RBD protein was disrupted by Tf, Lf, soluble TfR1, anti-TfR1 aptamer, as well as by peptides RGD and GHAIYPRH. Furthermore, direct interaction of RBD protein with Lf, but not Tf, was observed, with affinity of binding estimated by KD to be 23 nM and 16 nM for apo-Lf and holo-Lf, respectively. Treatment of Vero E6 cells with apo-Lf and holo-Lf (1–4 mg/mL) significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication of both Wuhan and Delta lineages. Protective effects of Lf on different arms of SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenesis and possible consequences of cross-reactivity of Spike-specific antibodies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
| | - I N Isakova-Sivak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - D A Mezhenskaya
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - V A Kostevich
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - N P Gorbunov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - A Yu Elizarova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - V A Matyushenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Yu M Berson
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - N A Grudinina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - N N Kolmakov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Y A Zabrodskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova Str. 15/17, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.,Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Ulitsa Polytechnicheskaya, 194064, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A S Komlev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - I V Semak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave. 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A I Budevich
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding, 11 Frunze Str., 222160, Zhodino, Belarus
| | - L G Rudenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - V B Vasilyev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
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Ferristatin II Efficiently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vero Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020317. [PMID: 35215911 PMCID: PMC8876212 DOI: 10.3390/v14020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to have a significant impact on global public health. Multiple mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry have been described; however, the role of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in SARS-CoV-2 infection has received little attention. We used ferristatin II to induce the degradation of TfR1 on the surface of Vero cells and to study the consequences of such treatment on the viability of the cells and the replication of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrated that ferristatin II is non-toxic for Vero cells in concentrations up to 400 µM. According to confocal microscopy data, the distribution of the labeled transferrin and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Spike protein is significantly affected by the 18h pretreatment with 100 µM ferristatin II in culture medium. The uptake of RBD protein is nearly fully inhibited by ferristatin II treatment, although this protein remains bound on the cell surface. The findings were well confirmed by the significant inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero cells by ferristatin II with IC50 values of 27 µM (for Wuhan D614G virus) and 40 µM (for Delta virus). A significant reduction in the infectious titer of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant was noted at a ferristatin II concentration as low as 6.25 µM. We hypothesize that ferristatin II blocks the TfR1-mediated SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the full mechanisms of this virus inhibition, including the effect of ferristatin II on other SARS-CoV-2 receptors, such as ACE2, Neuropilin-1 and CD147. The inhibition of viral entry by targeting the receptor on the host cells, rather than the viral mutation-prone protein, is a promising COVID-19 therapeutic strategy.
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Guedes PEB, Veloso JF, Lacerda LC, Santana JO, Mora-Ocampo IY, Pirovani CP, Cruz RDS, Munhoz AD, Carlos RSA. Protein expression of the tear film of domestic cats before and after inoculation with Toxoplasma gondii. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:386. [PMID: 34906132 PMCID: PMC8670102 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tear film (TF) helps maintain and protect ocular function against damage to the ocular surface. Proteins are one of its main constituents, whose expression pattern can be used as a biomarker of ocular changes and systemic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of proteins in the TF of domestic cats before and after infection with Toxoplasma gondii, in the phases of acute infection and chronicity. Twelve healthy cats received orally homogenized brain matter obtained from mice inoculated with T. gondii oocysts, strain ME49. Cat feces were collected daily from the third day after infection to assess the release of oocysts. TF samples were obtained from cats, by Schirmer's Tear Test 1, on day 0 (before infection), day 5 after infection (acute phase of infection, with maximum peak release of oocysts in feces) and on day 21 after infection (start of chronic phase, 7 days after total absence of oocyst release in feces). Tear samples were also submitted to proteomic analysis in a Q-Tof-Premier mass spectrometer. RESULTS A total of 37 proteins with scores equal to or greater than 100 were identified on D0, followed by 36 on D5 and 42 on D21. Of these, 27 were common to D0 and D5, 33 to D0 and D21, 27 to D5 and D21, and 26 were common to the three groups, totaling 54 proteins. The most abundant proteins were lipocalin allergen Fel d, serum albumin, aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactoperoxidase and lactotransferrin. There was no significant difference in the abundance of proteins found on D0 and D5, but there was a statistical difference between D0 and D21 for ACT1_AEDAE, CERU_HUMAN and GELS_HUMAN. Regarding D5 and D21, there were significant differences for KV1_CANLF, LAC_PIG, TRFL_PIG, ACT1_AEDAE, CERU_HUMAN, GELS_HUMAN and OVOS2_HUMAN. CONCLUSIONS The main proteins identified in the TF of domestic cats are similar to those found in humans and other animal species. Most are part of the ocular surface defense system against injuries. The most expressed proteins in animals in the chronic phase of T. gondii infection are associated with the immune response to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jéssica Fontes Veloso
- Federal University of Western Bahia, Av. 23 de Agosto, S/N, Assunção, Bahia Barra, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Dias Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Halcrow PW, Lynch ML, Geiger JD, Ohm JE. Role of endolysosome function in iron metabolism and brain carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:74-85. [PMID: 34139350 PMCID: PMC8627927 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron, the most abundant metal in human brain, is an essential microelement that regulates numerous cellular mechanisms. Some key physiological roles of iron include oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, embryonic neuronal development, formation of iron-sulfur clusters, and the regulation of enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and repair. Because of its physiological and pathological importance, iron homeostasis must be tightly regulated by balancing its uptake, transport, and storage. Endosomes and lysosomes (endolysosomes) are acidic organelles known to contain readily releasable stores of various cations including iron and other metals. Increased levels of ferrous (Fe2+) iron can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Fenton chemistry reactions and these increases can damage mitochondria and genomic DNA as well as promote carcinogenesis. Accumulation of iron in the brain has been linked with aging, diet, disease, and cerebral hemorrhage. Further, deregulation of brain iron metabolism has been implicated in carcinogenesis and may be a contributing factor to the increased incidence of brain tumors around the world. Here, we provide insight into mechanisms by which iron accumulation in endolysosomes is altered by pH and lysosome membrane permeabilization. Such events generate excess ROS resulting in mitochondrial DNA damage, fission, and dysfunction, as well as DNA oxidative damage in the nucleus; all of which promote carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the roles that endolysosome iron plays in carcinogenesis may help better inform the development of strategic therapeutic options for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Miranda L Lynch
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Joyce E Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Vasilyev V, Sokolov A, Kostevich V, Elizarova A, Gorbunov N, Panasenko O. Binding of lactoferrin to the surface of low-density lipoproteins modified by myeloperoxidase prevents intracellular cholesterol accumulation by human blood monocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:109-116. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a unique heme-containing peroxidase that can catalyze the formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The strong interaction of MPO with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) promotes proatherogenic modification of LDL by HOCl. The MPO-modified LDL (Mox-LDL) accumulate in macrophages, resulting in the formation of foam cells, which is the pathognomonic symptom of atherosclerosis. A promising approach to prophylaxis and atherosclerosis therapy is searching for remedies that prevent the modification or accumulation of LDL in macrophages. Lactoferrin (LF) has several application points in obesity pathogenesis. We aimed to study LF binding to Mox-LDL and their accumulation in monocytes transformed into macrophages. Using surface plasmon resonance and ELISA techniques, we observed no LF interaction with intact LDL, whereas Mox-LDL strongly interacted with LF. The affinity of Mox-LDL to LF increased with the degree of oxidative modification of LDL. Moreover, an excess of MPO did not prevent interaction of Mox-LDL with LF. LF inhibits accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages exposed to Mox-LDL. The results obtained reinforce the notion of LF potency as a remedy against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.B. Vasilyev
- FSBSI (Institute of Experimental Medicine), Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - A.V. Sokolov
- FSBSI (Institute of Experimental Medicine), Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - V.A. Kostevich
- FSBSI (Institute of Experimental Medicine), Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - A.Yu. Elizarova
- FSBSI (Institute of Experimental Medicine), Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - N.P. Gorbunov
- FSBSI (Institute of Experimental Medicine), Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - O.M. Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Iron metabolism and its contribution to cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1143-1154. [PMID: 30968149 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for biological processes. Iron homeostasis is regulated through several mechanisms, from absorption by enterocytes to recycling by macrophages and storage in hepatocytes. Iron has dual properties, which may facilitate tumor growth or cell death. Cancer cells exhibit an increased dependence on iron compared with normal cells. Macrophages potentially deliver iron to cancer cells, resulting in tumor promotion. Mitochondria utilize cellular iron to synthesize cofactors, including heme and iron sulfur clusters. The latter is composed of essential enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and repair, oxidation‑reduction reactions, and other cellular processes. However, highly increased iron concentrations result in cell death through membrane lipid peroxidation, termed ferroptosis. Ferroptosis, an emerging pathway for cancer treatment, is similar to pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis. In the present review, previous studies on the physiology of iron metabolism and its role in cancer are summarized. Additionally, the significance of iron regulation, and the association between iron homeostasis and carcinogenic mechanisms are discussed.
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Barinov NA, Vlasova II, Sokolov AV, Kostevich VA, Dubrovin EV, Klinov DV. High-resolution atomic force microscopy visualization of metalloproteins and their complexes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2862-2868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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