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Wang Z, Cui F, Sui Y, Yan J. Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1580-1603. [PMID: 37915554 PMCID: PMC10616707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feichen Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
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Hu J, Lim FY, Hu J. Characteristics and behaviors of microplastics undergoing photoaging and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) initiated aging. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119628. [PMID: 36774752 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fact that 94% of microplastics (MPs) ubiquitous in the environment are subject to natural weathering makes the aging study currently a research hotspot. This review summarized the physicochemical characteristics of MPs undergoing natural and artificial aging and evaluated current analytical methods used in aging studies. Besides, the differences in photoaging and aging induced by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were discussed, leading to a conclusion that AOPs composed of oxidant and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can better facilitate the alteration of MPs compared to UV irradiation alone. In addition, the environmental behavior of aged MPs was outlined and their adsorption properties for organics and metals were highlighted as a result of combined effects of hydrophobic, π-π, diffusion, and hydrogen bond interaction. Furthermore, the mechanisms of photoaging and AOPs-initiated aging were analyzed, mainly the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). Finally, the applications of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra using excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) were discussed for the aging process analysis. This overview plays an important role in explaining the aging characteristics of MPs and provides a theoretical foundation for further investigations into their toxicity and removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Fang Yee Lim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
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Vcherashnyaya AS, Mikhailova MV, Shapagin AV, Poteryaev AA, Stepanenko VY, Ponomarev AV. Radiation Modification of Adhesion Properties of Waste Plastics. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Orlovska I, Podolich O, Kukharenko O, Zaets I, Reva O, Khirunenko L, Zmejkoski D, Rogalsky S, Barh D, Tiwari S, Kumavath R, Góes-Neto A, Azevedo V, Brenig B, Ghosh P, de Vera JP, Kozyrovska N. Bacterial Cellulose Retains Robustness but Its Synthesis Declines After Exposure to a Mars-like Environment Simulated Outside the International Space Station. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:706-717. [PMID: 33646011 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a widespread macromolecule in terrestrial environments and a major architectural component of microbial biofilm. Therefore, cellulose might be considered a biosignature that indicates the presence of microbial life. We present, for the first time, characteristics of bacterial cellulose after long-term spaceflight and exposure to simuled Mars-like stressors. The pristine cellulose-based pellicle membranes from a kombucha microbial community (KMC) were exposed outside the International Space Station, and after their return to Earth, the samples were reactivated and cultured for 2.5 years to discern whether the KMC could be restored. Analyses of cellulose polymer integrity and mechanical properties of cellulose-based pellicle films, as well as the cellulose biosynthesis-related genes' structure and expression, were performed. We observed that (i) the cellulose polymer integrity was not significantly changed under Mars-like conditions; (ii) de novo cellulose production was 1.5 times decreased in exposed KMC samples; (iii) the dry cellulose yield from the reisolated Komagataeibacter oboediens was 1.7 times lower than by wild type; (iv) there was no significant change in mechanical properties of the de novo synthesized cellulose-based pellicles produced by the exposed KMCs and K. oboediens; and (v) the gene, encoding biosynthesis of cellulose (bcsA) of the K. oboediens, was downregulated, and no topological change or mutation was observed in any of the bcs operon genes, indicating that the decreased cellulose production by the space-exposed samples was probably due to epigenetic regulation. Our results suggest that the cellulose-based pellicle could be a good material with which to protect microbial communities during space journeys, and the cellulose produced by KMC members could be suitable in the fabrication of consumer goods for extraterrestrial locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Orlovska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga Podolich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga Kukharenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Zaets
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Reva
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergiy Rogalsky
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala Tejaswini Hills, Kerala, India
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Computacional de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre de Vera
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Berlin, Institute of Planetary Research, Planetary Laboratories, Astrobiological Laboratories, Berlin, Germany
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Stovbun SV, Vedenkin AS, Mikhaleva MG, Bukhvostov AA, Kuznetsov DA. Radiation-Chemical Biotechnology for Producing Ultrashort (50-100n) Single-Chain Polydeoxyribonucleotides with Anticancer Activity. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:74-76. [PMID: 34050411 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental possibility of obtaining ultrashort (50n-100n) single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides by the method of radiation-chemical destruction of total yeast DNA was established and their anticancer activity was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Stovbun
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Vedenkin
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M G Mikhaleva
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Bukhvostov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Kuznetsov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Nurullaev EM, Oniskiv VD. Mechanical Characteristics of a Polymer Composite Material Based on Gamma-Irradiated Low-Molecular-Weight Rubbers. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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López‐Barriguete JE, Flores‐Rojas GG, López‐Saucedo F, Isoshima T, Bucio E. Improving thermo‐responsive hydrogel films by gamma rays and loading of Cu and Ag nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Eduardo López‐Barriguete
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México Mexico
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
| | - Guadalupe Gabriel Flores‐Rojas
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México Mexico
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
| | - Felipe López‐Saucedo
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México Mexico
| | | | - Emilio Bucio
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México Mexico
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Brinkevich SD, Brinkevich DI, Prosolovich VS, Sverdlov RL. Radiation-Induced Processes in Diazoquinone–Novolac Resist Films under Irradiation with 60Co γ-Rays. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Borovkov VI, Taratayko AI, Molin YN. Radiation-Induced Fluorescence from Doped Polyolefins on a Nanosecond Time Scale: Kinetics of the Processes Involving Geminate Radical Ions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5916-5929. [PMID: 31251614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The delayed radiation-induced fluorescence from polyethylene and its alkyl- and fluorine-substituted analogues doped with aromatic luminophores was studied in the time range of 1-1000 ns. Qualitative analysis of the effects of a magnetic field on the fluorescence decay indicated that, in all polyolefins studied, the main portion of the fluorescence observed arose from the recombination of geminate spin-correlated radical ion pairs (RIPs). In the case of polyethylene, this conclusion was supported by observing the effect of an external electric field on the fluorescence decay. It was shown by comparison with the computer simulation of intratrack recombination that the tunneling character of the RIP recombination, which had an asymptotic time dependence of the geminate recombination rate close to t-1, was typical of most studied polyolefins at temperatures below 273 K in the time range studied. The increase to room temperature and above caused a gradual transition to a regime where the geminate recombination rate was mainly determined by the migration of RIP partners with time dependence close to t-3/2. The low estimate of the electron transfer distance upon the ion recombination in this regime was about 2 nm. In polyethylenes, exposed to an irradiation of 0.3-0.4 MGy, the role of charge carrier diffusion became hardly noticeable because of the cross-linking of polyethylene chains and the increase in polymer matrix stiffness. Oxygen, dissolved in a polymer doped with aromatic molecules, caused quenching of the recombination luminescence due to electron transfer from the dopant radical anion to the oxygen molecules. At room temperature, typical distances for such electron transfer were estimated to be ∼1.5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod I Borovkov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion , SB RAS , 3, Institutskaya Street , Novosibirsk , 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2, Pirogova Street , Novosibirsk , 630090 , Russia
| | - Andrey I Taratayko
- Novosibirsk State University , 2, Pirogova Street , Novosibirsk , 630090 , Russia.,Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , SB RAS , 9, Akad. Lavrent'ev Avenue , Novosibirsk , 630090 , Russia
| | - Yuri N Molin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion , SB RAS , 3, Institutskaya Street , Novosibirsk , 630090 , Russia
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Ponomarenko AT, Tameev AR, Shevchenko VG. Synthesis of polymers and modification of polymeric materials in electromagnetic fields. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Temperature-responsive copolymeric hydrogel systems synthetized by ionizing radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R. Nemţanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics; Electron Accelerators Laboratory; Bucharest-Măgurele Romania
| | - Mirela Braşoveanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics; Electron Accelerators Laboratory; Bucharest-Măgurele Romania
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Kitaeva NK, Duflot VR, Ilicheva NS. Radiation graft post-polymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate onto polyethylene. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [PMID: 26224942 PMCID: PMC4514663 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Post-irradiation grafting of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) in the presence of acrylic acid (AA) has been investigated on polyethylene (PE) pre-exposed to gamma radiation at room temperature in the air. Special attention was paid to the effect of low molecular weight salt additives on the kinetics of graft copolymerization of SSS and AA. The presence of SSS links in the grafted PE copolymers was detected by the methods of UV and FTIR spectroscopy. Based on the FITR spectroscopy and element analysis data, a mechanism was proposed for graft copolymerization of SSS and AA onto PE. The mechanical properties of the graft copolymers were studied. It was established that PE copolymers grafted with sulfonic acid and carboxyl groups have higher strength characteristics (16.3 MPa) compared to the samples containing only carboxyl groups (11 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K Kitaeva
- Branch of FSUE "Scientific and Research Institute of Physical Chemistry named after L.Ya. Karpov", 109 km, Kievskoye Shosse, Obninsk, 249033 Kaluga Region Russia
| | - Vladimir R Duflot
- Branch of FSUE "Scientific and Research Institute of Physical Chemistry named after L.Ya. Karpov", 109 km, Kievskoye Shosse, Obninsk, 249033 Kaluga Region Russia
| | - Natalia S Ilicheva
- Branch of FSUE "Scientific and Research Institute of Physical Chemistry named after L.Ya. Karpov", 109 km, Kievskoye Shosse, Obninsk, 249033 Kaluga Region Russia
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Modification of surface properties of thin polysaccharide films by low-energy electron exposure. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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