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Gong NN, Luong HNB, Dang AH, Mainwaring B, Shields E, Schmeckpeper K, Bonasio R, Kayser MS. Intrinsic maturation of sleep output neurons regulates sleep ontogeny in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4025-4039.e3. [PMID: 35985328 PMCID: PMC9529826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The maturation of sleep behavior across a lifespan (sleep ontogeny) is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon. Mammalian studies have shown that in addition to increased sleep duration, early life sleep exhibits stark differences compared with mature sleep with regard to sleep states. How the intrinsic maturation of sleep output circuits contributes to sleep ontogeny is poorly understood. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits multifaceted changes to sleep from juvenile to mature adulthood. Here, we use a non-invasive probabilistic approach to investigate the changes in sleep architecture in juvenile and mature flies. Increased sleep in juvenile flies is driven primarily by a decreased probability of transitioning to wake and characterized by more time in deeper sleep states. Functional manipulations of sleep-promoting neurons in the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) suggest that these neurons differentially regulate sleep in juvenile and mature flies. Transcriptomic analysis of dFB neurons at different ages and a subsequent RNAi screen implicate the genes involved in dFB sleep circuit maturation. These results reveal that the dynamic transcriptional states of sleep output neurons contribute to the changes in sleep across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihua N Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hang Ngoc Bao Luong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - An H Dang
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin Mainwaring
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Shields
- Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Schmeckpeper
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Hu H, Zhang R, Ma Y, Luo Y, Pan Y, Xu J, Jiang L, Wang D. Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Analysis of 21q21.1-q21.2 Aberrations in Seven Chinese Pedigrees. Front Genet 2022; 12:731815. [PMID: 34992628 PMCID: PMC8724545 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.731815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chromosomal aberrations contribute to human phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility, but it is difficult to assess their pathogenic effects in the clinic. Therefore, it is of great value to report new cases of chromosomal aberrations associated with normal phenotypes or clinical abnormalities. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of seven pedigrees that carried 21q21.1–q21.2 aberrations. G-banding and single-nucleotide polymorphism array techniques were used to analyze chromosomal karyotypes and copy number variations in the fetuses and their family members. Results: All fetuses and their family members showed normal karyotypes in seven pedigrees. Here, it was revealed that six fetuses carried maternally inherited 21q21.1–q21.2 duplications, ranging from 1 to 2.7 Mb, but none of the mothers had an abnormal phenotype. In one fetus, an 8.7 Mb deletion of 21q21.1–q21.2 was found. An analysis of the pedigree showed that the deletion was also observed in the mother, brother, and maternal grandmother, but no abnormal phenotypes were found. Conclusion: This study identified 21q21.1–q21.2 aberrations in Chinese pedigrees. The carriers of 21q21.1–q21.2 duplications had no clinical consequences based on their phenotypes, and the 21q21.1–q21.2 deletion was transmitted through three generations of normal individuals. This provides benign clinical evidence for pathogenic assessment of 21q21.1–q21.2 duplication and deletion, which was considered a variant of uncertain significance and a likely pathogenic variant in previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juchun Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Differential Effects of STCH and Stress-Inducible Hsp70 on the Stability and Maturation of NKCC2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042207. [PMID: 33672238 PMCID: PMC7926544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Na-K-2Cl co-transporter NKCC2 lead to type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease. We previously showed that export from the ER constitutes the limiting step in NKCC2 maturation and cell surface expression. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain obscure. Here, we report the identification of chaperone stress 70 protein (STCH) and the stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), as two novel binding partners of the ER-resident form of NKCC2. STCH knock-down increased total NKCC2 expression whereas Hsp70 knock-down or its inhibition by YM-01 had the opposite effect. Accordingly, overexpressing of STCH and Hsp70 exerted opposite actions on total protein abundance of NKCC2 and its folding mutants. Cycloheximide chase assay showed that in cells over-expressing STCH, NKCC2 stability and maturation are heavily impaired. In contrast to STCH, Hsp70 co-expression increased NKCC2 maturation. Interestingly, treatment by protein degradation inhibitors revealed that in addition to the proteasome, the ER associated degradation (ERAD) of NKCC2 mediated by STCH, involves also the ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation pathway. In summary, our data are consistent with STCH and Hsp70 having differential and antagonistic effects with regard to NKCC2 biogenesis. These findings may have an impact on our understanding and potential treatment of diseases related to aberrant NKCC2 trafficking and expression.
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Cirnigliaro M, Barbagallo C, Gulisano M, Domini CN, Barone R, Barbagallo D, Ragusa M, Di Pietro C, Rizzo R, Purrello M. Expression and Regulatory Network Analysis of miR-140-3p, a New Potential Serum Biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:250. [PMID: 28848387 PMCID: PMC5554380 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its prevalence and social impact, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is drawing much interest. Molecular basis of ASD is heterogeneous and only partially known. Many factors, including disorders comorbid with ASD, like TS (Tourette Syndrome), complicate ASD behavior-based diagnosis and make it vulnerable to bias. To further investigate ASD etiology and to identify potential biomarkers to support its precise diagnosis, we used TaqMan Low Density Array technology to profile serum miRNAs from ASD, TS, and TS+ASD patients, and unaffected controls (NCs). Through validation assays in 30 ASD, 24 TS, and 25 TS+ASD patients and 25 NCs, we demonstrated that miR-140-3p is upregulated in ASD vs.: NC, TS, and TS+ASD (Tukey's test, p-values = 0.03, = 0.01, < 0.0001, respectively). ΔCt values for miR-140-3p and YGTSS (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale) scores are positively correlated (Spearman r = 0.33; Benjamini-Hochberg p = 0.008) and show a linear relationship (p = 0.002). Network functional analysis showed that nodes controlled by miR-140-3p, especially CD38 and NRIP1 which are its validated targets, are involved in processes convergingly dysregulated in ASD, such as synaptic plasticity, immune response, and chromatin binding. Biomarker analysis proved that serum miR-140-3p can discriminate among: (1) ASD and NC (Area under the ROC curve, AUC: 0.70; sensitivity: 63.33%; specificity: 68%); (2) ASD and TS (AUC: 0.72; sensitivity: 66.66%; specificity: 70.83%); (3) ASD and TS+ASD (AUC: 0.78; sensitivity: 73.33%; specificity: 76%). Characterization of miR-140-3p network would contribute to further clarify ASD etiology. Serum miR-140-3p could represent a potential non-invasive biomarker for ASD, easy to test through liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Mariangela Gulisano
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Carla N Domini
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy.,Associazione Oasi Maria SS. Onlus (IRCCS), Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain AgingTroina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
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Mino RE, Rogers SL, Risinger AL, Rohena C, Banerjee S, Bhat MA. Drosophila Ringmaker regulates microtubule stabilization and axonal extension during embryonic development. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3282-94. [PMID: 27422099 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth and targeting are fundamental to the organization of the nervous system, and require active engagement of the cytoskeleton. Polymerization and stabilization of axonal microtubules is central to axonal growth and maturation of neuronal connectivity. Studies have suggested that members of the tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP, also known as P25α) family are involved in cellular process extension. However, no in vivo knockout data exists regarding its role in axonal growth during development. Here, we report the characterization of Ringmaker (Ringer; CG45057), the only Drosophila homolog of long p25α proteins. Immunohistochemical analyses indicate that Ringer expression is dynamically regulated in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). ringer-null mutants show cell misplacement, and errors in axonal extension and targeting. Ultrastructural examination of ringer mutants revealed defective microtubule morphology and organization. Primary neuronal cultures of ringer mutants exhibit defective axonal extension, and Ringer expression in cells induced microtubule stabilization and bundling into rings. In vitro assays showed that Ringer directly affects tubulin, and promotes microtubule bundling and polymerization. Together, our studies uncover an essential function of Ringer in axonal extension and targeting through proper microtubule organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Mino
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Stephen L Rogers
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cristina Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Swati Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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3p22.1p21.31 microdeletion identifies CCK as Asperger syndrome candidate gene and shows the way for therapeutic strategies in chromosome imbalances. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:82. [PMID: 26523151 PMCID: PMC4628252 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In contrast to other autism spectrum disorders, chromosome abnormalities are rare in Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism. Consequently, AS was occasionally subjected to classical positional cloning. Here, we report on a case of AS associated with a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3. Further in silico analysis has identified a candidate gene for AS and has suggested a therapeutic strategy for manifestations of the chromosome rearrangement. Results Using array comparative genomic hybridization, an interstitial deletion of 3p22.1p21.31 (~2.5 Mb in size) in a child with Asperger’s syndrome, seborrheic dermatitis and chronic pancreatitis was detected. Original bioinformatic approach to the prioritization of candidate genes/processes identified CCK (cholecystokinin) as a candidate gene for AS. In addition to processes associated with deleted genes, bioinformatic analysis of CCK gene interactome indicated that zinc deficiency might be a pathogenic mechanism in this case. This suggestion was supported by plasma zinc concentration measurements. The increase of zinc intake produced a rise in zinc plasma concentration and the improvement in the patient’s condition. Conclusions Our study supported previous linkage findings and had suggested a new candidate gene in AS. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis identified the pathogenic mechanism, which was used to propose a therapeutic strategy for manifestations of the deletion. The relative success of this strategy allows speculating that therapeutic or dietary normalization of metabolic processes altered by a chromosome imbalance or genomic copy number variations may be a way for treating at least a small proportion of cases of these presumably incurable genetic conditions.
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Iourov IY, Vorsanova SG, Yurov YB. In silico molecular cytogenetics: a bioinformatic approach to prioritization of candidate genes and copy number variations for basic and clinical genome research. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:98. [PMID: 25525469 PMCID: PMC4269961 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The availability of multiple in silico tools for prioritizing genetic variants widens the possibilities for converting genomic data into biological knowledge. However, in molecular cytogenetics, bioinformatic analyses are generally limited to result visualization or database mining for finding similar cytogenetic data. Obviously, the potential of bioinformatics might go beyond these applications. On the other hand, the requirements for performing successful in silico analyses (i.e. deep knowledge of computer science, statistics etc.) can hinder the implementation of bioinformatics in clinical and basic molecular cytogenetic research. Here, we propose a bioinformatic approach to prioritization of genomic variations that is able to solve these problems. Results Selecting gene expression as an initial criterion, we have proposed a bioinformatic approach combining filtering and ranking prioritization strategies, which includes analyzing metabolome and interactome data on proteins encoded by candidate genes. To finalize the prioritization of genetic variants, genomic, epigenomic, interactomic and metabolomic data fusion has been made. Structural abnormalities and aneuploidy revealed by array CGH and FISH have been evaluated to test the approach through determining genotype-phenotype correlations, which have been found similar to those of previous studies. Additionally, we have been able to prioritize copy number variations (CNV) (i.e. differentiate between benign CNV and CNV with phenotypic outcome). Finally, the approach has been applied to prioritize genetic variants in cases of somatic mosaicism (including tissue-specific mosaicism). Conclusions In order to provide for an in silico evaluation of molecular cytogenetic data, we have proposed a bioinformatic approach to prioritization of candidate genes and CNV. While having the disadvantage of possible unavailability of gene expression data or lack of expression variability between genes of interest, the approach provides several advantages. These are (i) the versatility due to independence from specific databases/tools or software, (ii) relative algorithm simplicity (possibility to avoid sophisticated computational/statistical methodology) and (iii) applicability to molecular cytogenetic data because of the chromosome-centric nature. In conclusion, the approach is able to become useful for increasing the yield of molecular cytogenetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y Iourov
- Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 117152 Moscow, Russia ; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov, Separated Structural Unit "Clinical Research Institute of Pediatrics", Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia ; Department of Medical Genetics, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, 123995 Russia
| | - Svetlana G Vorsanova
- Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 117152 Moscow, Russia ; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov, Separated Structural Unit "Clinical Research Institute of Pediatrics", Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri B Yurov
- Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 117152 Moscow, Russia ; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov, Separated Structural Unit "Clinical Research Institute of Pediatrics", Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia
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Iourov IY, Vorsanova SG, Kurinnaia OS, Zelenova MA, Silvanovich AP, Yurov YB. Molecular karyotyping by array CGH in a Russian cohort of children with intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy and congenital anomalies. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:46. [PMID: 23272938 PMCID: PMC3547809 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been repeatedly shown to be a successful tool for the identification of genomic variations in a clinical population. During the last decade, the implementation of array CGH has resulted in the identification of new causative submicroscopic chromosome imbalances and copy number variations (CNVs) in neuropsychiatric (neurobehavioral) diseases. Currently, array-CGH-based technologies have become an integral part of molecular diagnosis and research in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders and children with intellectual disability (mental retardation) and congenital anomalies. Here, we introduce the Russian cohort of children with intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy and congenital anomalies analyzed by BAC array CGH and a novel bioinformatic strategy. Results Among 54 individuals highly selected according to clinical criteria and molecular and cytogenetic data (from 2426 patients evaluated cytogenetically and molecularly between November 2007 and May 2012), chromosomal imbalances were detected in 26 individuals (48%). In two patients (4%), a previously undescribed condition was observed. The latter has been designated as meiotic (constitutional) genomic instability resulted in multiple submicroscopic rearrangements (including CNVs). Using bioinformatic strategy, we were able to identify clinically relevant CNVs in 15 individuals (28%). Selected cases were confirmed by molecular cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods. Eight out of 26 chromosomal imbalances (31%) have not been previously reported. Among them, three cases were co-occurrence of subtle chromosome 9 and 21 deletions. Conclusions We conducted an array CGH study of Russian patients suffering from intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy and congenital anomalies. In total, phenotypic manifestations of clinically relevant genomic variations were found to result from genomic rearrangements affecting 1247 disease-causing and pathway-involved genes. Obviously, a significantly lesser part of them are true candidates for intellectual disability, autism or epilepsy. The success of our preliminary array CGH and bioinformatic study allows us to expand the cohort. According to the available literature, this is the first comprehensive array CGH evaluation of a Russian cohort of children with neuropsychiatric disorders and congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y Iourov
- Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 119152, Moscow, Russia.
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