Ionic Liquid Modified Porous Polymer as a Dispersive Filter Extraction Adsorbent for Simple, Sensitive, and Efficient Determination of Chlorotriazine Herbicides in Irrigation Water

Triazine herbicides (TRZHs) are widely used in agricultural production, but their improper use can threaten the environment and organisms. Herein, rapid extraction of four chlorotriazine herbicides (Cl-TRZHs) in irrigation water was achieved using an ionic liquid modified porous m-aminophenol formaldehyde resin (IL-MAPFR) as a dispersive filter extraction (DFE) adsorbent. The IL-MAPFR shows excellent adsorption performance for four Cl-TRZHs (simazine, cyanazine, atrazine, and terbuthylazine), with a large specific surface area (158.1 m² g^-1) and fast mass transfer (2 min). The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. The four Cl-TRZHs were concentrated 12-16-fold after the IL-MAPFR-DFE method. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, an accurate and sensitive determination method for four Cl-TRZHs in irrigation water was established, with low detection limit (0.11-0.20 ng mL^-1), high recoveries (91.5-110%), and excellent precision (relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 8.4%). This method provides technical support for agricultural irrigation water quality monitoring and has great application potential in water safety, especially pesticide residues.

Recent Advances on Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon/Metal Materials: Fascinating Heterogeneous Catalysts for Organic Transformations

Design and preparation of low-cost, effective, and novel catalysts are important topics in the field of heterogeneous catalysis from academic and industrial perspectives. Recently, heteroatom-doped porous carbon/metal materials have received significant attention as promising catalysts in divergent organic reactions. Incorporation of heteroatom into the carbon framework can tailor the properties of carbon, providing suitable interaction between support and metal, resulting in superior catalytic performance compared with those of traditional pure carbon/metal catalytic systems. In this review, we try to underscore the recent advances in the design, preparation, and application of heteroatom-doped porous carbon/metal catalysts towards various organic transformations.

Recent advances in metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon heterogonous catalysts

The development of cost-effective, efficient, and novel catalytic systems is always an important topic for heterogeneous catalysis from academia and industrial points of view. Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have gained more and more attention as effective heterogeneous catalysts to replace metal-based catalysts, because of their excellent physicochemical properties, outstanding structure characteristics, environmental compatibility, low cost, inexhaustible resources, and low energy consumption. Doping of heteroatoms can tailor the properties of carbons for different utilizations of interest. In comparison to pure carbon catalysts, these catalysts demonstrate superior catalytic activity in many organic reactions. This review highlights the most recent progress in synthetic strategies to fabricate metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts including single and multiple heteroatom-doped carbons and the catalytic applications of these fascinating materials in various organic transformations such as oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrochlorination, dehydrogenation, etc.

Tailoring Polymer Colloids Derived Porous Carbon Spheres Based on Specific Chemical Reactions

Porous carbon spheres derived from polymer colloids with regular geometry, monodispersed morphology, well-controlled contents and structures play important roles in many areas of application, such as energy storage/conversion, gas adsorption/separation, catalysis, and chemo-photothermal therapy. Suitable polymerization reaction and synthetic strategy are both critical for the obtainment of stable polymer colloids as carbon precursors. Basic polymerization reactions are the cornerstones of synthetic strategies, which directly provides the direct molecular-based design of functionalized polymer/carbon spheres. Thus, this progress report mainly focuses on the summary of suitable polymerization reactions for colloidal polymer derived porous carbon spheres. Recent advances in the synthetic strategies and applications are also discussed, including their corresponding polymerization reactions. Finally, the perspectives for the development of polymer derived porous carbon spheres are provided based on the controlled synthesis of polymer colloids and optimization over the carbonization process to achieve highly functionalized carbon spheres for practical applications.