1
|
Ivanova AV, Markina MG. Portable Device for Potentiometric Determination of Antioxidant Capacity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7845. [PMID: 37765901 PMCID: PMC10536404 DOI: 10.3390/s23187845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a prototype of a portable device for the potentiometric determination of antioxidant capacity based on a new measurement principle is proposed. A feature of the approach is the use of an electrochemical microcell with separated spaces and two identical electrodes with immobilized reagents. An antioxidant solution is introduced into one half-cell, and the antioxidants interact with the reagents. The other half-cell contains only reagents. The potential difference between the electrodes is due to the change in the ratio of the oxidized and reduced form of the reagents, which occurs as a result of the reaction with the antioxidants in one of the half-cells and is related to their concentration. The range of linearity of the microcell with immobilized reagents is 40-4000 μM-eq, and the limit of detection is 20 μM-eq. The device was successfully tested in the analysis of standard antioxidant solutions. The recoveries were (92-113)%, and the relative standard deviation did not exceed 15%. A good correlation was found between the data obtained by the approach and the potentiometric method in a macrocell for fruit juice analysis. Pearson's coefficient for the obtained experimental data was 0.9955. The proposed portable device is promising and can be used in field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Ivanova
- Chemical Technological Institute, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19, Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Electrochemical Methodologies for Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Plant and Fruit Extracts: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061205. [PMID: 35740101 PMCID: PMC9220340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the growing research interests in the applications of plant and fruit extracts (synthetic/stabilization materials for the nanomaterials, medicinal applications, functional foods, and nutraceuticals) have led to the development of new analytical techniques to be utilized for identifying numerous properties of these extracts. One of the main properties essential for the applicability of these plant extracts is the antioxidant capacity (AOC) that is conventionally determined by spectrophotometric techniques. Nowadays, electrochemical methodologies are emerging as alternative tools for quantifying this particular property of the extract. These methodologies address numerous drawbacks of the conventional spectroscopic approach, such as the utilization of expensive and hazardous solvents, extensive sample pre-treatment requirements, long reaction times, low sensitivity, etc. The electrochemical methodologies discussed in this review include cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry (CAP). This review presents a critical comparison between both the conventional and electrochemical approaches for the quantification of the parameter of AOC and discusses the numerous applications of the obtained bioextracts based on the AOC parameter.
Collapse
|
3
|
Brainina KZ, Shpigun LK. State‐of‐the‐art electrochemistry for the assessment of oxidative stress and integral antioxidant activity of biological environments. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khiena Z. Brainina
- Laboratory of analytical chemisty and separation methods N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Liliya K. Shpigun
- Laboratory of analytical chemisty and separation methods N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Core-Shell Iron-Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Nanoparticle-Based Sensors for Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Activity. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To access hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, we propose a sensor based on core-shell iron-nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles. On the one hand, the sensor preparation procedure is simple: syringing the nanoparticles suspension with subsequent annealing. On the other hand, the sensor demonstrates a stable response to 0.05 mM of H2O2 within one hour, which is sufficient for the evaluation of antioxidant activity (AO). The analytical performance characteristics of the sensor (0.5–0.6 A M−1 cm−2, detection limit 1.5 × 10−7 M and linear dynamic range 1–1000 µM) are leads to advantages over the sensor based on Prussian Blue films. The pseudo-first-order constant of hydrogen peroxide scavenging was chosen as a characteristic value of AO. The latter for trolox (standard antioxidant) was found to be linearly dependent on its concentration, thus allowing for the evaluation of antioxidant activity in trolox equivalents. The approach was validated by analyzing real beverage samples. Both the simplicity of sensor preparation and an expressiveness of analytical procedure would obviously provide a wide use of the proposed approach in the evaluation of antioxidant activity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nwachukwu ID, Sarteshnizi RA, Udenigwe CC, Aluko RE. A Concise Review of Current In Vitro Chemical and Cell-Based Antioxidant Assay Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164865. [PMID: 34443459 PMCID: PMC8400447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants remain interesting molecules of choice for suppression of the toxic effects of free radicals in foods and human systems. The current practice involves the use of mainly synthetic molecules as potent antioxidant agents. However, due to the potential negative impact on human health, there is an intensive effort within the research community to develop natural alternatives with similar antioxidant efficacy but without the negative side effects of synthetic molecules. Still, the successful development of new molecules depends on the use of reliable chemical or cell culture assays to screen antioxidant properties. Chemical antioxidant assays include the determination of scavenging ability against free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Other antioxidant tests include the ability of compounds to bind and sequester prooxidant metal cations, reduce ferric iron, and attenuate the rate of lipid oxidation. Ex vivo tests utilize cell cultures to confirm entry of the molecules into cells and the ability to quench synthetic intracellular free radicals or to stimulate the increased biosynthesis of endogenous antioxidants. In order to assist researchers in their choice of antioxidant evaluation methods, this review presents background scientific information on some of the most commonly used antioxidant assays with a comparative discussion of the relevance of published literature data to food science and human nutrition applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roghayeh Amini Sarteshnizi
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.A.S.); (C.C.U.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.A.S.); (C.C.U.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073380. [PMID: 33806141 PMCID: PMC8037236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of antioxidants and their implications in various fields, from food engineering to medicine and pharmacy, is of major interest to the scientific community. The present paper is a critical presentation of the most important tests used to determine the antioxidant activity, detection mechanism, applicability, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Out of the tests based on the transfer of a hydrogen atom, the following were presented: the Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) test, the Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capacity (HORAC) test, the Total Peroxyl Radical Trapping Antioxidant Parameter (TRAP) test, and the Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity (TOSC) test. The tests based on the transfer of one electron include the Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Power (CUPRAC) test, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test, the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Mixed tests, including the transfer of both a hydrogen atom and an electron, include the 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) test, and the [2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl] (DPPH) test. All these assays are based on chemical reactions and assessing the kinetics or reaching the equilibrium state relies on spectrophotometry, presupposing the occurrence of characteristic colours or the discolouration of the solutions to be analysed, which are processes monitored by specific wavelength adsorption. These assays were successfully applied in antioxidant analysis or the determination of the antioxidant capacity of complex samples. As a complementary method in such studies, one may use methods based on electrochemical (bio)sensors, requiring stages of calibration and validation. The use of chemical methods together with electrochemical methods may result in clarification of the operating mechanisms and kinetics of the processes involving several antioxidants.
Collapse
|
7
|
Haque MA, Morozova K, Ferrentino G, Scampicchio M. Electrochemical Methods to Evaluate the Antioxidant Activity and Capacity of Foods: A Review. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Azizul Haque
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science (FTNS) Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU) Tangail 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Ksenia Morozova
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Electrochemical Hybrid Methods and Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring and Their Use as a Diagnostic Tool of Oxidative Stress: Future Perspectives and Challenges. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The terminology used in electrochemical methods which are used to generate the measured signal in antioxidant/oxidant activity (AOA/OA) sensors is briefly considered. The review presents a hybrid version of electrochemical methods for the determination of AOA/OA. Invasive electrochemical methods/sensors for AOA/OA of blood/serum/plasma, and non-invasive ones for semen, sweat, saliva and skin determination are described. AOA/OA sensors application in health estimation, cosmetology, food and nutrients is presented. Attention is paid to widely described approaches and technologies used in chemical/biochemical sensors. It will be considered as base/prototypes for developing sensors of the kind for AOA/OA determination. Prospects for the development of wearable, written sensors and biosensors are considered. Miniature and wireless sensors will allow for the monitoring of the patient’s state, both at the bedside and far beyond the hospital. The development of wearable self-powered written and printed sensors is an important step towards personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
9
|
Silver Chloride/Ferricyanide-Based Quasi-Reference Electrode for Potentiometric Sensing Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Processes’ occurring at the Ag/AgCl/Cl–, ([Fe(CN)6]3–/4–) ions interface study results are presented. Conditions are selected for the mixed salts’ precipitate formation on the silver surface. It has been shown that the potential of a silver screen-printed electrode (AgSPE) coated with a mixed precipitate containing silver chloride/ferricyanide is stable in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3–/4–. The electrode can serve as a quasi-reference electrode (QRE) in electrochemical measurements in media containing ions [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−. The electrode is formed during polarization of AgSPE (0.325 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl, 3.5 M) in a solution containing chloride- and ferri/ferrocyanides ions. The results of the obtained QRE study by potentiometry, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry are presented. The proposed QRE was used in a sensor system to evaluate the antioxidant activity (AOA) of solutions by hybrid potentiometric method (HPM). The results of AOA assessment of fruit juices and biofluids obtained using new QRE and commercial Ag/AgCl RE with separated spaces do not differ.
Collapse
|
10
|
Antioxidants: Terminology, Methods, and Future Considerations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080297. [PMID: 31404992 PMCID: PMC6720181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unreliable terminology and incompatible units of antioxidant activity/concentration expression lead to the failure of antioxidant clinical trials, ambiguity of conclusions about the effect of a chosen therapy in medicine and evaluation of food quality, diet, difficulties using information in monitoring the training process in sports, etc. Many different terms (antiradical activity, antioxidant activity, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant power, antioxidant ability) and methods: Trolox equivalent capacity assay (TEAC), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP), Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity assay (CUPRAC), antioxidative activity assay (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and different options of electrochemical ones) proposed for the determination of antioxidants are described. Possible approaches to the development of this field of science and practice are considered.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hanko M, Švorc Ľ, Planková A, Mikuš P. Overview and recent advances in electrochemical sensing of glutathione - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1062:1-27. [PMID: 30947984 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is aimed at providing an overview of the recent advances in the electrochemical sensing of glutathione (GSH), an important electrochemically and biologically active molecule, for the period 2012-2018. Herein, the analytical performances of newly developed electrochemical methods, procedures and protocols for GSH sensing are comprehensively and critically discussed with respect to the type of method, electrodes used (new electrode modifications, advanced materials and formats), sample matrices, and basic validation parameters obtained (limit of detection, linear dynamic range, precision, selectivity/evaluation of interferences). This paper considers electrochemical methods used alone as well as the hyphenated methods with electrochemical detection (ECD), such as HPLC-ECD or CE-ECD. The practical applicability of the platforms developed for GSH detection and quantification is mostly focused on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. The most significant electrochemical approaches for GSH detection in multicomponent analyte samples and multicomponent matrices and for real-time in vivo GSH analysis are highlighted. The great variability in the electrochemical techniques, electrode approaches, and obtainable performance parameters, discussed in this review, brought new insights not only on current GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) determinations, but, along with this, on the advances in electrochemical analysis from a more general point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hanko
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Planková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
David M, Şerban A, Popa CV, Florescu M. A Nanoparticle-Based Label-Free Sensor for Screening the Relative Antioxidant Capacity of Hydrosoluble Plant Extracts. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19030590. [PMID: 30704125 PMCID: PMC6387368 DOI: 10.3390/s19030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important aspects of the detection of antioxidant compounds is developing a fast screening method. The screening of the overall relative antioxidant capacity (RAC) of several Romanian hydrosoluble plant extracts is the focus of this work. This is important because of the presence of increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (such as H2O2) generates oxidative stress in the human body. The consequences are a large number of medical conditions that can be helped by a larger consumption of plant extracts as food supplements, which do not necessarily contain the specified antioxidant contents. By exploiting the catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles, a specific and sensitive nanoparticle-based label-free electrochemical sensor was developed, where the working parameters were optimized for RAC screening of hydrosoluble plant extracts. First, electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry and amperometry) were used to characterize different nanoparticle-based sensors, revealing the best performance of gold nanoparticle-based sensors, obtaining a RAC of 98% for lavender extracts. The sensing principle is based on the quenching effect of antioxidants for H2O2 amperometric detection, where the decrease in electrical signal suggests an increasing antioxidant capacity. The obtained results were expressed in terms of ascorbic acid and Trolox equivalents in order to be able to correlate our results with classical methods like chemiluminescence and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, where a correlation coefficient of 0.907 was achieved, suggesting a good correlation between electrochemistry and spectrophotometry. Considering these results, the optimized gold nanoparticle-based label-free sensor can be used as a simple, rapid alternative towards classical methods for relative antioxidant capacity detection of hydrosoluble plant extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda David
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Colina Universităţii nr 1, Corp C, room CI30, 500068 Braşov, Romania.
| | - Adrian Şerban
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Colina Universităţii nr 1, Corp C, room CI30, 500068 Braşov, Romania.
| | - Claudia V Popa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050657 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Monica Florescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Colina Universităţii nr 1, Corp C, room CI30, 500068 Braşov, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brainina KZ, Tarasov AV, Kazakov YE, Vidrevich MB. Platinum electrode regeneration and quality control method for chronopotentiometric and chronoamperometric determination of antioxidant activity of biological fluids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Lin TE, Lesch A, Li CL, Girault HH. Mapping the antioxidant activity of apple peels with soft probe scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Bunaciu AA, Danet AF, Fleschin Ş, Aboul-Enein HY. Recent Applications for in Vitro Antioxidant Activity Assay. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:389-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Bunaciu
- SCIENT - Research Center for Instrumental Analysis, Tancabesti, Snagov, Romania
| | - Andrei Florin Danet
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Şerban Fleschin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Ferreira RDQ, Greco SJ, Delarmelina M, Weber KC. Electrochemical quantification of the structure/antioxidant activity relationship of flavonoids. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
18
|
Zhao L, Liao K, Pynenburg M, Wong L, Heinig N, Thomas JP, Leung KT. Electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid by cobalt core-shell nanoparticles on a H-terminated Si(100) and by nanostructured cobalt-coated Si nanowire electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2410-2416. [PMID: 23488767 DOI: 10.1021/am3021763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the concentration of ascorbic acid in a solution has attracted intense recent interest. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid on spherical cobalt core-shell nanoparticles (10-50 nm dia.) prepared by electrochemical deposition on a H-terminated Si(100) substrate. Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that these nanoparticles consist of a metallic cobalt core covered by a Co(OH)2 shell without any evidence of CoOx. Glancing-incidence X-ray diffraction studies further show that the metallic Co core consists of a mixture of hexagonal close packed and face centered cubic structures, the relative composition of which can be easily controlled by the deposition potential. We further demonstrate that when these Co nanoparticles are deposited on a high-surface-area electrode as provided by a Si nanowire template, the resulting nanostructured Co-coated Si nanowire electrode offers a promising high-performance sensor platform for ascorbic acid detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhao
- WATLab, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|