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Arutjunyan AV, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Kerkeshko GO, Zalozniaia IV. Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in the Effects of Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Functional State of Placenta and Nervous System Plasticity in the Offspring. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:435-456. [PMID: 37080931 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
According to modern view, susceptibility to diseases, specifically to cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, can form during embryonic development. Adverse factors affecting mother during the pregnancy increase the risk of developing pathologies. Despite the association between elevated maternal blood homocysteine (Hcy) and fetal brain impairments, as well as cognitive deficits in the offspring, the role of brain plasticity in the development of these pathologies remains poorly studied. Here, we review the data on the negative impact of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on the neural plasticity, in particular, its possible influence on the offspring brain plasticity through epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in intracellular methylation potential, activity of DNA methyltransferases, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression in brain cells. Since placenta plays a key role in the transport of nutrients and transmission of signals from mother to fetus, its dysfunction due to aberrant epigenetic regulation can affect the development of fetal CNS. The review also presents the data on the impact of maternal HHcy on the epigenetic regulation in the placenta. The data presented in the review are not only interesting from purely scientific point of view, but can help in understanding the role of HHcy and epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as pregnancy pathologies resulting in the delayed development of fetal brain, cognitive impairments in the offspring during childhood, and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders later in life, as well as in the search for approaches for their prevention using neuroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Yulia P Milyutina
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, 194100, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Shcherbitskaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Arutjunyan AV, Kerkeshko GO, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Zalozniaia IV, Mikhel AV, Inozemtseva DB, Vasilev DS, Kovalenko AA, Kogan IY. Imbalance of Angiogenic and Growth Factors in Placenta in Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:262-279. [PMID: 37072327 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that various adverse factors of different nature and action mechanisms have similar negative influence on placental angiogenesis, resulting in insufficiency of placental blood supply. One of the risk factors for pregnancy complications with placental etiology is an increased level of homocysteine in the blood of pregnant women. However, the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on the development of the placenta and, in particular, on the formation of its vascular network is at present poorly understood. The aim of this work was to study the effect of maternal HHcy on the expression of angiogenic and growth factors (VEGF-A, MMP-2, VEGF-B, BDNF, NGF), as well as their receptors (VEGFR-2, TrkB, p75NTR), in the rat placenta. The effects of HHcy were studied in the morphologically and functionally different maternal and fetal parts of the placenta on the 14th and 20th day of pregnancy. The maternal HHcy caused increase in the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis markers accompanied by an imbalance of the studied angiogenic and growth factors in the maternal and/or fetal part of the placenta. The influence of maternal HHcy in most cases manifested in a decrease in the protein content (VEGF-A), enzymatic activity (MMP-2), gene expression (VEGFB, NGF, TRKB), and accumulation of precursor form (proBDNF) of the investigated factors. In some cases, the effects of HHcy differed depending on the placental part and stage of development. The influence of maternal HHcy on signaling pathways and processes controlled by the studied angiogenic and growth factors could lead to incomplete development of the placental vasculature and decrease in the placental transport, resulting in fetal growth restriction and impaired fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Yulia P Milyutina
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, 194100, Russia
| | - Anastasiia D Shcherbitskaia
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V Mikhel
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Daria B Inozemtseva
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S Vasilev
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Anna A Kovalenko
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Igor Yu Kogan
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia Disturbs the Mechanisms of Embryonic Brain Development and Its Maturation in Early Postnatal Ontogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010189. [PMID: 36611982 PMCID: PMC9818313 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia causes the disruption of placental blood flow and can lead to serious disturbances in the formation of the offspring's brain. In the present study, the effects of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) on the neuronal migration, neural tissue maturation, and the expression of signaling molecules in the rat fetal brain were described. Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in female rats by per os administration of 0.15% aqueous methionine solution in the period of days 4-21 of pregnancy. Behavioral tests revealed a delay in PHHC male pups maturing. Ultrastructure of both cortical and hippocampus tissue demonstrated the features of the developmental delay. PHHC was shown to disturb both generation and radial migration of neuroblasts into the cortical plate. Elevated Bdnf expression, together with changes in proBDNF/mBDNF balance, might affect neuronal cell viability, positioning, and maturation in PHHC pups. Reduced Kdr gene expression and the content of SEMA3E might lead to impaired brain development. In the brain tissue of E20 PHHC fetuses, the content of the procaspase-8 was decreased, and the activity level of the caspase-3 was increased; this may indicate the development of apoptosis. PHHC disturbs the mechanisms of early brain development leading to a delay in brain tissue maturation and formation of the motor reaction of pups.
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Yakovlev AV, Dmitrieva SA, Krasnova AN, Yakovleva OV, Sitdikova GF. Levels of Protein Carbonylation and Activity of Proteases in the Brain of Newborn Rats with Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971242203014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Arutjunyan AV, Kerkeshko GO, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Zalozniaia IV. Prenatal Stress in Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia: Impairments in the Fetal Nervous System Development and Placental Function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:716-728. [PMID: 34225594 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The article presents current views on maternal hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) as an important factor causing prenatal stress and impaired nervous system development in fetuses and newborns in early ontogenesis, as well as complications in adulthood. Experimental data demonstrate that prenatal HHcy (PHHcy) affects the morphological maturation of the brain and activity of its neurotransmitter systems. Cognitive deficit observed in the offspring subjected to PHHcy in experimental studies can presumably cause the predisposition to various neurodegenerative diseases, as the role of maternal HHcy in the pathogenesis such diseases has been proven in clinical studies. The review also discusses molecular mechanisms of the HHcy neurotoxic action on the nervous system development in the prenatal and early postnatal periods, which include oxidative stress, apoptosis activation, changes in the DNA methylation patterns and microRNA levels, altered expression and processing of neurotrophins, and neuroinflammation induced by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Special attention is given to the maternal HHcy impact on the placenta function and its possible contribution to the brain function impairments in the offspring. Published data suggest that some effects of PHHcy on the developing fetal brain can be due to the disturbances in the transport functions of the placenta resulting in an insufficient supply of nutrients necessary for the proper formation and functioning of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia. .,St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Yuliya P Milyutina
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasiia D Shcherbitskaia
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 104223, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Yakovleva O, Bogatova K, Mukhtarova R, Yakovlev A, Shakhmatova V, Gerasimova E, Ziyatdinova G, Hermann A, Sitdikova G. Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Anxiety, Motor, and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Rats with Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia via Mitigation of Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070995. [PMID: 32630731 PMCID: PMC7408246 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is endogenously produced from sulfur containing amino acids, including homocysteine and exerts neuroprotective effects. An increase of homocysteine during pregnancy impairs fetal growth and development of the offspring due to severe oxidative stress. We analyzed the effects of the H2S donor—sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) administered to female rats with hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) on behavioral impairments and levels of oxidative stress of their offspring. Rats born from females fed with control or high methionine diet, with or without H2S donor injections were investigated. Rats with maternal hHcy exhibit increased levels of total locomotor activity and anxiety, decreased muscle endurance and motor coordination, abnormalities of fine motor control, as well as reduced spatial memory and learning. Oxidative stress in brain tissues measured by activity of glutathione peroxidases and the level of malondialdehyde was higher in rats with maternal hHcy. Concentrations of H2S and the activity and expression of the H2S generating enzyme—cystathionine-beta synthase—were lower compared to the control group. Administration of the H2S donor to females with hHcy during pregnancy prevented behavioral alterations and oxidative stress of their offspring. The acquisition of behavioral together with biochemical studies will add to our knowledge about homocysteine neurotoxicity and proposes H2S as a potential agent for therapy of hHcy associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yakovleva
- Department of Human and Animal physiology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (O.Y.); (K.B.); (R.M.); (A.Y.); (V.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Ksenia Bogatova
- Department of Human and Animal physiology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (O.Y.); (K.B.); (R.M.); (A.Y.); (V.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Renata Mukhtarova
- Department of Human and Animal physiology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (O.Y.); (K.B.); (R.M.); (A.Y.); (V.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Aleksey Yakovlev
- Department of Human and Animal physiology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (O.Y.); (K.B.); (R.M.); (A.Y.); (V.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Viktoria Shakhmatova
- Department of Human and Animal physiology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (O.Y.); (K.B.); (R.M.); (A.Y.); (V.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Gerasimova
- Department of Human and Animal physiology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (O.Y.); (K.B.); (R.M.); (A.Y.); (V.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Guzel Ziyatdinova
- Department of analytical chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Anton Hermann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria;
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal physiology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (O.Y.); (K.B.); (R.M.); (A.Y.); (V.S.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-903-306-1092
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Shcherbitskaia AD, Vasilev DS, Milyutina YP, Tumanova NL, Zalozniaia IV, Kerkeshko GO, Arutjunyan AV. Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia Induces Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Death in the Rat Offspring Cortex. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:408-420. [PMID: 32504390 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the common complications of pregnancy that causes offspring cognitive deficits during postnatal development. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia on structural and ultrastructural organization, neuronal and glial cell number, apoptosis (caspase-3 content and activity), inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation in the offspring brain cortex in early ontogenesis. Wistar female rats received methionine (0.6 g/kg body weight) by oral administration during pregnancy. Histological and biochemical analyses of 5- and 20-day-old pups' cortical tissue were performed. Lysosome accumulation and other neurodegenerative changes in neurons of animals with impaired embryonic development were investigated by electron microscopy. Neuronal staining (anti-NeuN) revealed a reduction in neuronal number, accompanied by increasing of caspase-3 active form protein level and activity. Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia also elevated the number of astroglial and microglial cells and increased expression of interleukin-1β and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which indicates the development of neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Shcherbitskaia
- D.O. Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia. .,I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - D S Vasilev
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu P Milyutina
- D.O. Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N L Tumanova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Zalozniaia
- D.O. Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G O Kerkeshko
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Arutjunyan
- D.O. Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Arutjunyan AV, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Kerkeshko GO, Zalozniaia IV, Mikhel AV. Neurotrophins of the Fetal Brain and Placenta in Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:213-223. [PMID: 32093597 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792002008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) in pregnant rats was induced by chronic L-methionine loading, resulting in a significant increase in the L-homocysteine content both in the mothers' blood and blood and brain of fetuses. Significant decrease in the weight of the placenta, fetus, and fetal brain was detected by the morphometric studies on day 20 of pregnancy. PHHC also activated maternal immune system due to the increase in the content of proinflammatory interleukin-1β in the rat blood and fetal part of the placenta. PHHC elevated the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, 29 kDa) and nerve growth factor (NGF, 31 kDa) precursors in the placenta and the content of the BDNF isoform (29 kDa) in the fetal brain. The content of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) decreased in the placenta and increased in the fetal brain on day 20 of embryonic development. An increase in the caspase-3 activity was detected in the brains of fetuses subjected to PHHC. It was suggested that changes in the processing of neurotrophins induced by PPHC, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes initiated by it, as well as apoptosis, play an important role in the development of brain disorders in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Arutjunyan
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Yu P Milyutina
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A D Shcherbitskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - G O Kerkeshko
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - I V Zalozniaia
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A V Mikhel
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Arutjunyan AV, Evsyukova II, Polyakova VO. The Role of Melatonin in Morphofunctional Development of the Brain in Early Ontogeny. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Developmental Impairments of Rat Offspring with Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2746873. [PMID: 30581528 PMCID: PMC6276483 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2746873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high levels of the redox active amino acid homocysteine—called hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY)—can affect the health state of the progeny. The effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment on rats with maternal hHCY remain unknown. In the present study, we characterized the physical development, reflex ontogeny, locomotion and exploratory activity, muscle strength, motor coordination, and brain redox state of pups with maternal hHCY and tested potential beneficial action of the H2S donor—sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)—on these parameters. Our results indicate a significant decrease in litter size and body weight of pups from dams fed with methionine-rich diet. In hHCY pups, a delay in the formation of sensory-motor reflexes was observed. Locomotor activity tested in the open field by head rearings, crossed squares, and rearings of hHCY pups at all studied ages (P8, P16, and P26) was diminished. Exploratory activity was decreased, and emotionality was higher in rats with hHCY. Prenatal hHCY resulted in reduced muscle strength and motor coordination assessed by the paw grip endurance test and rotarod test. Remarkably, administration of NaHS to pregnant rats with hHCY prevented the observed deleterious effects of high homocysteine on fetus development. In rats with prenatal hHCY, the endogenous generation of H2S brain tissues was lower compared to control and NaHS administration restored the H2S level to control values. Moreover, using redox signaling assays, we found an increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation, and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain tissues of rats of the hHCY group. Notably, NaHS treatment restored the level of MDA and the activity of SOD and GPx. Our data suggest that H2S has neuroprotective/antioxidant effects against homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity providing a potential strategy for the prevention of developmental impairments in newborns.
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Milyutina YP, Pustygina AV, Zaloznyaya IV, Arutjunyan AV. Age-related changes in biogenic amine content and oxidative stress profile in rat hypothalamus with hyperhomocysteinemia. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057016040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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