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Ma SX. Stimuli-evoked NOergic molecules and neuropeptides at acupuncture points and the gracile nucleus contribute to signal transduction of propagated sensation along the meridian through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:S2095-4964(24)00354-6. [PMID: 39214715 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies from different international groups have demonstrated that sensations can be propagated along acupuncture channel pathways. The propagated sensation along the channel pathway (PSCP) can be elicited by electroacupuncture (EA), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), manual acupuncture (MA), and heat applied to distal acupuncture points (acupoints). Nitric oxide (NO) levels were reported to be elevated in the gracile nucleus and skin regions near to the EA sites, with higher levels at acupoints associated with an enhanced expression of NO synthase and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1. The stimuli, EA, MA, TENS, and heat, have been used to elicit axonal reflexes, which increase local release of NO and neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene related peptide. Furthermore, the sensation of PSCP along the body surface occurs only ipsilaterally to the stimulated acupoints in various human studies, which does not support the involvement of the spinal-thalamic pathway, which would involve cross over transmission of the signals. The gracile nucleus receives ascending input from the sciatic nerve and responds to somatosensory stimulation mainly on the ipsilateral side via the dorsal column pathway. EA at Zusanli (ST36) increases NO release and expression of NO synthase mainly in the ipsilateral side of the gracile nucleus, while the cardiovascular effects and analgesic responses to EA at ST36 are changed by influences of l-arginine-derived NO synthesis in the ipsilateral gracile nucleus in rats. The stimuli-induced release of NOergic molecules and neuropeptides exist high levels in the acupoints, which contain rich neuronal components and blood vessels. Enhanced NOergic molecules at acupoints cause axon reflexes during the stimuli, which elevate cutaneous blood flow. Elevated NOergic molecules and local blood flow may spread over acupoints one after another along the meridian lines differing from nerve pathways following the stimuli to induce PSCP. The same types of stimulation also elicit NO release in the gracile nucleus, which contributes to the somatosensory signal transduction of PSCP through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways. Other substances such as serotonin and catecholamines are proposed to mediate responses and certain effects of acupuncture-like stimulation but their mechanisms are poorly-understood. In this review we summarize the current understanding of the neurobiological processes of PSCP research with an emphasis on recent developments of NO mediating stimulation-evoked axon reflexes and somatosensory signal transduction for PSCP perceptions through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways. Please cite this article as: Ma SX. Stimuli-evoked NOergic molecules and neuropeptides at acupuncture points and gracile nucleus contribute to signal transduction of propagated sensation along the meridian through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways. J Integr Med. 2024; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xing Ma
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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Wang MN, Zhai MX, Wang YT, Dai QF, Liu L, Zhao LP, Xia QY, Li S, Li B. Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Obesity: Advances and Prospects. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1-33. [PMID: 38351701 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic syndrome that causes a significant burden on individuals and society. Conventional therapies include lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological therapies, which are not effective and have a high risk of adverse events. Acupuncture is an effective alternative for obesity, it modulates the hypothalamus, sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity, obesity-related hormones (leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and CCK), the brain-gut axis, inflammatory status, adipose tissue browning, muscle blood flow, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to influence metabolism, eating behavior, motivation, cognition, and the reward system. However, hypothalamic regulation by acupuncture should be further demonstrated in human studies using novel techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Moreover, a longer follow-up phase of clinical trials is required to detect the long-term effects of acupuncture. Also, future studies should investigate the optimal acupuncture therapeutic option for obesity. This review aims to consolidate the recent improvements in the mechanism of acupuncture for obesity as well as discuss the future research prospects and potential of acupuncture for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Xin Zhai
- Yinghai Hospital, Daxing District, Beijing 100163, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tong Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Fu Dai
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Luo-Peng Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yu Xia
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
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Gao C, Jia L, Ma M, Zhang X, Li T. Hemodynamic alterations response to Chinese acupuncture therapy monitored by a custom near-infrared spectroscopy probe with an open hole. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300124. [PMID: 37264556 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional acupuncture, a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) technique, has demonstrated potential in relieving various ailments' symptoms. However, its black-box feedback loop model has limited proper evaluation and use by unskilled practitioners. This study aimed to analyze hemodynamic signals around acupoints during acupuncture to identify significant parameter changes. We designed hollow near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probes for real-time measurements during acupuncture at acupoints, monitoring oxy-hemoglobin (HbO), deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb), and blood volume (HbT) changes. Acupuncture was performed on the "Xuehai" acupoint in 17 healthy subjects, with NIRS measuring hemodynamic alterations. Results showed significant and consistent increases in Hb and HbT around the acupoint, returning to baseline values after needle removal. One case of fainting revealed a significant Hb increase and HbO decrease. Acupuncture may induce tissue vasodilation and enhance oxygen consumption. This research provides a potential explanation for acupuncture's mechanism and emphasizes NIRS's potential in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanyu Jia
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghua Ma
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Perreault T, Ball A, Dommerholt J, Theiss R, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Butts R. Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation to Trigger Points: Insights into Mechanisms and Clinical Applications—A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206039. [PMID: 36294360 PMCID: PMC9605351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) is a modality used by clinicians to treat myofascial pain. Recent studies have shown positive results for the use of IMES on pain outcomes, yet studies investigating the potential mechanisms of IMES directly to trigger points (TrPs) are lacking. We performed a scoping review of the literature to summarize the current evidence from human and animal studies on the mechanisms of IMES to the TrP location, and to identify gaps in the existing literature. Electronic literature searches were conducted across five databases from inception to 15 August 2022, including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Scopus and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Four studies met our full criteria for inclusion in this review. Three studies assessed the effects of IMES to TrPs on human subjects with MPS, and only one study used an animal model with experimentally generated TrPs. Based on the results of the included studies, IMES within a TrP region was reported to normalize muscle blood flow, decrease endplate noise of the TrP and elicit antinociceptive effects, at least partially, through engaging supraspinal descending pain inhibitory systems. At present, no clinical implications can be determined on the use of IMES to TrPs due to the limited amount and quality of the available evidence. Further studies investigating the clinical effectiveness and also underlying mechanisms of IMES to TrPs are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perreault
- Department of Physical Therapy, Wentworth Douglass Hospital, Dover, NH 03820, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-603-740-2101
| | - Andrew Ball
- Atrium Health, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC 28216, USA
- Myopain Seminars, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jan Dommerholt
- Myopain Seminars, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert Theiss
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Atrium Health, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra Institucional en Docencia, Clínica e Investigación en Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual, Punción Seca y Ejercicio Terapéutico, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raymond Butts
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, Gannon University, Ruskin, FL 33573, USA
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Wang J, Cui JJ, Xu DS, Su YX, Liao JY, Wu S, Zou L, Guo YT, Shen Y, Bai WZ. Sensory and autonomic innervation of the local tissues at traditional acupuncture point locations GB14, ST2 and ST6. Acupunct Med 2022; 40:546-555. [PMID: 35579008 DOI: 10.1177/09645284221085579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To visualize and compare the sensory and autonomic innervation of the local tissues at the sites of different traditional acupuncture points in the rat forehead and face by histochemical examination. METHODS GB14 (Yangbai), ST2 (Sibai) and ST6 (Jiache) were selected as the representative traditional acupuncture points in this study, and the local tissues at these sites were dissected in rats after perfusion followed by double or triple fluorescent histochemical staining. Here, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) were used to label the sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers, respectively. RESULTS The CGRP+ sensory, TH+ sympathetic and VAChT+ parasympathetic nerve fibers were simultaneously demonstrated in the local tissues at GB14, ST2 and ST6. Although the three kinds of nerve fibers ran in parallel or intermingled with each other, by the analysis from the view of three-dimensional reconstruction, it was clear that each of them distributed in an independent pattern to their corresponding target tissues including the blood vessels, hair follicles, arrector pili and subcutaneous muscles, as well as sebaceous glands. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the sensory and autonomic innervation of the local tissues at GB14, ST2 and ST6, providing neurochemical evidence indicating that the CGRP+ sensory, TH+ sympathetic and VAChT+ parasympathetic nerve fibers form a neural network at these point locations that may respond to acupuncture stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Ying Liao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zou
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ting Guo
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Saito N, Kaneko G, Mito K. Bumpy Patches: Analgesic Effects of Particle Pressure in Sports Injury Treatment. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Saito
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Traditional Medicine Clinic
| | - Gen Kaneko
- School of Arts & Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria
| | - Kazuyuki Mito
- The Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications
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Gong Y, Li N, Lv Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Yang T, Wang H, Zhao X, Chen Z, Dou B, Chen B, Guo Y, Guo Y, Xu Z. The neuro-immune microenvironment of acupoints-initiation of acupuncture effectiveness. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:189-198. [PMID: 32645257 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0420-361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a centuried and unfading treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proved to exert curative effects on various disorders. Numerous works have been put in to uncover the effective mechanisms of acupuncture. And the interdependent interaction between acupuncture and acupoint microenvironment is a crucial topic. As a benign minimally invasive stimulation, the insertion and manipulation of needle at acupoint could cause deformation of local connective tissue and secretion of various molecules, such as high mobility group box 1 and ATP. The molecules are secreted into extracellular space and bind to the corresponding receptors thus active NF-κB, MAPK, ERK pathways on mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, among others. This is supposed to trigger following transcription and translation of immune factors and neural active substance, as well as promote the free ion movement (such as Ca2+ influx) and the expansion of blood vessels to recruit more immune cells to acupoint. Finally, acupuncture could enhance network connectivity of local microenvironment at acupoints. The earlier mentioned substances further act on a variety of receptors in local nerve endings, transmitting electrical and biochemical signals to the CNS, and giving full play to the acupuncture action. In conclusion, we portrayed a neuro-immune microenvironment network of acupoints that medicates the acupuncture action, and would lay a foundation for the systematic study of the complex network relationship of acupoints in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Gong
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongxi Lv
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Municipal Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Changzhi City, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Baomin Dou
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
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Tamai K, Imai K, Hisajima T. Effects of Cathode Direct-Current Electroacupuncture Stimulus of the Promixal Anterior Lower Limbs on Heart Rate and Lumbar Blood Flow. Med Acupunct 2020; 32:71-79. [PMID: 32351660 PMCID: PMC7187976 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2019.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: There has been little research on direct-current acupuncture. This study was conducted to verify the effect of acupuncture current intensity and polarity on heart rate (HR) when applying direct-current electroacupuncture (DCEA) to the proximal anterior part of the lower limbs and to clarify the effect of cathodes (-) on lumbar blood flow. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Teikyo Heisei University, Chiba, Japan. The subjects were 144 healthy male volunteers (21.7 ± 0.6 years' old). These participants were divided into 1 control, 1 manual acupuncture (MA), and 3 DECEA groups (-25 μA, +75 μA, and -75 μA). Acupuncture was performed on the lower limbs (at ST 36), and HR and intertissue blood flow (ITBF) were observed as the main outcome measures. Results: For intensity, HR was significantly lower in the -75 μA group than in the control (P < 0.001), MA (P < 0.001), and -25 μA (P < 0.01) groups. For polarity, HR was significantly lower in the -75 μA group than in the +75 μA group (P = 0.0028). For blood flow, the volume of HbO2 in the L-4-L-5 region at 1 minute after stimulation was significantly higher in the -75 μA stimulus group than in the MA group (P < 0.05). There was no change in the T-7-T-8 region. Conclusions: A -75 μA stimulus to ST 36 reduced HR and increased ITBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Tamai
- Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hisajima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hypermethylation in Calca Promoter Inhibited ASC Osteogenic Differentiation in Rats with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5245294. [PMID: 32190058 PMCID: PMC7073499 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5245294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal environment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to a substantial decrease in osteogenic function of stem cells. However, the gene sequence does not vary before and after disease for the patient. This phenomenon may be related to changes in osteogenesis-related gene expression caused by DNA methylation. In this study, we established T2DM models to extract adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for different gene identifications through DNA methylation sequencing. Specific fragments of methylation changes in the target gene (Calca) were identified by IGV analysis. CGRP was applied to compare the effects on ASCs-T2DM morphology via phalloidin staining, proliferation through CCK-8 assay, and osteogenic differentiation with osteogenic staining, qPCR, and repair of calvarial defect. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine (5-az) was used to intervene ASCs-T2DM to verify the relationship between the methylation level of the target fragment and expression of Calca. We found that the DNA methylation level of target fragment of Calca in ASCs-T2DM was higher than that in ASCs-C. CGRP intervention showed that it did not change the morphology of ASCs-T2DM but could improve proliferation within a certain range. Meanwhile, it could significantly enhance the formation of ALP and calcium nodules in ASCs-T2DM, increase the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in vitro, and promote the healing of calvarial defects of T2DM rat in a concentration-dependent manner. 5-az intervention indicated that the reduction of the methylation level in Calca target fragment of ASCs-T2DM indeed escalated the gene expression, which may be related to DNMT1. Taken together, the environment of T2DM could upregulate the methylation level in the promoter region of Calca and then decrease the Calca expression. The coding product of Calca revealed a promoting role for osteogenic differentiation of ASCs-T2DM. This result provides an implication for us to understand the mechanism of the decreased osteogenic ability of ASCs-T2DM and improve its osteogenic capacity.
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ZHANG ZY, XU DS, ZHANG JL, WANG J, CUI JJ, JING XH, BAI WZ. Comparison of the neurovascular microstructure in local skin tissues at “PC3” “PC7” and “PC9” regions in the rat 大鼠“曲泽”,“大陵”和“中冲”穴区之间神经血管显微结构的比较. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stadler J, Raith W, Mileder LP, Schmölzer GM, Urlesberger B. Invasive and non-invasive acupuncture techniques for pain management in neonates: a systematic review. Acupunct Med 2019; 37:201-210. [PMID: 31271304 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2017-011549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal pain is an extensive research field and there are many possibilities to treat pain in neonates. Acupuncture is one new and non-pharmacological option and a promising tool to reduce pain in neonates undergoing minor painful interventions during routine medical care. OBJECTIVES This review summarises trials of acupuncture for pain reduction in neonates undergoing painful interventions during routine medical care. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, electronic clinical trials registry platforms and reference lists were systematically screened for trials from their dates of inception to February 2017 (English language database search). STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were (1) preterm or term neonates, (2) acupuncture for painful medical interventions and (3) formal pain assessment as a primary or secondary study outcome. We included only randomised controlled trials. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted using a standardised protocol and individual risk of bias was assessed. RESULTS The literature search revealed a total of 12 196 records. After application of inclusion criteria, five studies were included in this review. Two studies demonstrated significant pain reduction, one found equal outcomes in comparison to standard care, and two showed significantly higher pain scores with acupuncture alone. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of the results is the heterogeneity across trials in acupuncture modality, acupuncture point selection, control groups and pain assessment (heterogeneity: I2=87%). CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that acupuncture may have a positive pain-relieving effect in neonates. However, due to the low number of available high-quality trials and heterogeneity across the studies it is not possible to state clear recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Stadler
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,2 Research Group for Paediatric Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Research Center Graz (Acupuncture Research), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Raith
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,2 Research Group for Paediatric Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Research Center Graz (Acupuncture Research), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas P Mileder
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg M Schmölzer
- 3 Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,4 Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Berndt Urlesberger
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,2 Research Group for Paediatric Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Research Center Graz (Acupuncture Research), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Somatosensory regulation of resting muscle blood flow and physical therapy. Auton Neurosci 2019; 220:102557. [PMID: 31331691 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatosensory stimulation can affect skeletal muscle blood flow (MBF) at rest in anesthetized animals via pressor reflex response or antidromic and local vasodilation. Increase in MBF due to reflex pressor response occurs generally in the skeletal muscles of the entire body, while antidromic and local vasodilation are limited to the peripheral stimulation site. Since increased MBF improves several disorders (muscle stiffness, pain, etc.), it is reasonable to further explore the effective use of somatic stimulation in physical therapies, such as massage, acupuncture, anma, and shiatsu or acupressure, in treating skeletal muscle disorders.
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Shinbara H, Okubo M, Kimura K, Mizunuma K, Sumiya E. Contributions of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins to the Local Increase in Muscle Blood Flow following Manual Acupuncture in Rats. Acupunct Med 2018; 33:65-71. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the contributions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) to the increase in local muscle blood flow (MBF) observed following manual acupuncture (MA). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=112; 250–310 g) were injected intraperitoneally with a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride: L-NAME; 10, 50 or 500 mg/kg), a non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin; 10, 50 or 500 mg/kg), a combination of L-NAME and indomethacin (500 mg/kg each) or saline only under urethane anaesthesia (1.2 g/kg). We used the sparrow pecking technique for 1 min with a stainless steel acupuncture needle (0.20×30 mm) as the acupuncture stimulation method. The stimulus point was on the right tibialis anterior muscle. 51Chromium-labelled microspheres were used for MBF measurement. Results MA increased MBF in the saline-injected group (p<0.001). This increase was partially inhibited by L-NAME in a dose-dependent manner (p>0.05, p<0.05 and p<0.001 for 10, 50 and 500 mg/kg, respectively). On the other hand, indomethacin did not suppress the increase (p>0.05 each for 10, 50 and 500 mg/kg). No significant difference was observed between the inhibitory effects of combined administration of L-NAME and indomethacin and single administration of L-NAME (p>0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that NO is a major factor in the MA-induced increase in MBF, while PGs do not contribute significantly to this increase. As complete inhibition was not achieved by administration of L-NAME±indomethacin, it appears that non-NO and non-PG vasodilators are additionally involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Shinbara
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamichi Okubo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisaku Kimura
- Department of Health Promoting and Geriatric Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Mizunuma
- Department of Health Promoting and Geriatric Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Sumiya
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
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Yingying W, Dongsheng X, Wanzhu B, Jinsheng Y. Effects of Guasha on histomorphology of scraped skins and on expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in rats. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhou X, Xing B, He G, Lyu X, Zeng Y. The Effects of Electrical Acupuncture and Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Sarcopenic Obesity in Male Older Adults: A Randomized Control Study. Obes Facts 2018; 11:327-334. [PMID: 30089292 PMCID: PMC6189537 DOI: 10.1159/000491797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging which is accompanied by loss of skeletal muscle and increase of body fat in some adults older than 60 years does not only result in remarkable influences on daily life function but also increases the risk of cardiovascular events. This study used electrical acupuncture together with essential amino acid supplementation to treat sarcopenic obesity (SO) in male older adults. METHODS A total of 48 male participants with SO (>60 years old) were randomized to electrical acupuncture with oral essential amino acids (EA + AA) or oral essential amino acids alone (AA). Acupuncture points on the limbs were punctured and stimulated electrically once every 3 days for 12 weeks. All participants received essential amino acids orally, twice per day for 28 weeks. Body fat percentage (BFP) and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASM/H2) was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS Both groups exhibited significant changes in BFP after 12, 20, and 28 weeks compared with baseline values; for ASM/H2, there were significant differences to baseline values after 12, 20, and 28 weeks in the EA + AA group, but only after 28 weeks in the AA group. Between the two groups, there were significant differences in BFP after 12, 20, and 28 weeks, and in ASM/H2 after 20 and 28 weeks. CONCLUSION Both methods decrease BFP and increase ASM/H2. In male older adults, electrical acupuncture with oral essential amino acids is more effective and can increase muscle mass in a shorter time than oral essential amino acids alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Xin Zhou, Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, ZhongShan 2 Road 58, 510080 Guangzhou, China,
| | - Bingfeng Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanheng He
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou Lyu
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Core and Surface Temperature Modification During Road Transport and Physical Exercise in Horse After Acupuncture Needle Stimulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Shinbara H, Nagaoka S, Izutani Y, Okubo M, Kimura K, Mizunuma K, Sumiya E. Contribution of Adenosine to the Increase in Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Caused by Manual Acupuncture in Rats. Acupunct Med 2017; 35:284-288. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim Adenosine is believed to play an important role in local acupuncture analgesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of adenosine to the increase in skeletal muscle blood flow (MBF) caused by manual acupuncture (MA). Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (310–360 g) were anaesthetised and divided into four equal groups (n=8 each): Saline, Saline+MA, Theophylline, and Theophylline+MA. In the two MA groups, the sparrow-pecking MA technique was applied at 30 repetitions per min for 1 min to a depth of 15–18 mm using a stainless steel acupuncture needle (0.20×40 mm). The stimulus point was located on the right tibialis anterior (TA) muscle 7–8 mm below the knee. Animals in the two theophylline groups were intra-arterially injected with 8-(p-sulphophenyl) theophylline, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, at a dose of 30 mg/kg before MA. Animals in the two saline groups received control saline. Fluorescent microspheres (15 µm in diameter, yellow-green fluorescent) were used for MBF measurement in all four groups. Results MA of the TA muscle significantly increased MBF (Saline+MA vs Saline: p=0.001; Saline+MA vs Theophylline: p=0.008). Pre-treatment with theophylline appeared to inhibit this increase (Theophylline vs Theophylline+MA; p=1.000). MBF in the Theophylline+MA group was 43% lower than in the Saline+MA group, although this was not significantly different (p=0.104). Conclusions The results suggest that adenosine leads to an increase in MBF caused by MA. Adenosine may play a role in acupuncture analgesia by washing out algesic substances. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Shinbara
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Nagaoka
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Izutani
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamichi Okubo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisaku Kimura
- Department of Health Promoting and Geriatric Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Mizunuma
- Department of Health Promoting and Geriatric Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Sumiya
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
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The local twitch response during trigger point dry needling: Is it necessary for successful outcomes? J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:940-947. [PMID: 29037652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofascial trigger point (MTrP) injection and trigger point dry needling (TrPDN) are widely accepted therapies for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Empirical evidence suggests eliciting a local twitch response (LTR) during needling is essential. OBJECTIVE This is the first review exploring the available literature, regardless of study design, on the neurophysiological effects and clinical significance of the LTR as it relates to reductions in pain and disability secondary to MTrP needling. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct and Google Scholar were searched up until October 2016 using terms related to trigger point needling and the LTR. RESULTS and Discussion: Several studies show that eliciting a LTR does not correlate with changes in pain and disability, and multiple systematic reviews have failed to conclude whether the LTR is relevant to the outcome of TrPDN. Post needling soreness is consistently reported in studies using repeated in and out needling to elicit LTRs and increases in proportion to the number of needle insertions. In contrast, needle winding without LTRs to MTrPs and connective tissue is well supported in the literature, as it is linked to anti-nociception and factors related to tissue repair and remodeling. Additionally, the positive biochemical changes in the MTrP after needling may simply be a wash out effect related to local vasodilation. While the LTR during TrPDN appears unnecessary for managing myofascial pain and unrelated to many of the positive effects of TrPDN, further investigation is required.
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Huang CZ, Yang XN, Liu DC, Sun YG, Dai XM. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Induced Calcium Alginate Gel Combined with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Differentiating to Osteoblasts. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:609-17. [PMID: 27259301 PMCID: PMC4628090 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been confirmed with induction osteoblastic differentiation, but if it can make the three-dimensional culture of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to the osteoblastic differentiation, thus constructing tissue-engineered bone rare reports. To investigate the feasibility of exogenous CGRP-induced calcium alginate gel combined with ADSCs from rabbits in three-dimensional condition to construct tissue-engineered bone. ADSCs were obtained by collagenase I digestion of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of inguinal region of New Zealand rabbits. At the third passage, cells were mixed with sodium alginate to prepare calcium alginate gel, and the cells were assigned into two-group cultivates in 24 orifice plates. ADSCs in the control group were treated with DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 10(-2) mol/L β-glycerophosphate sodium, 10(-7)mol/L dexamethasone, 50 mg/L ascorbic acid, 0.1 % volume fraction of fetal bovine serum. ADSCs in the experimental group were incubated with the same medium as above, and in addition 1.5 µg/L CGRP was added. The cells proliferation and the mRNA expressions of collagen I and osteocalcin were detected by MTT and RT-PCR assays, respectively and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and calcium concentration at different induction time were detected. The cell proliferation curves were S shaped. The OD values of experimental group were higher than those of control group at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after osteogenic induction (P < 0.05). ALP and alizarin red stains of ADSCs were all positive, but golden round nodes became bigger and more in the experimental group compared with the control group after 2 weeks. At 7 and 14 days, collagen I and osteocalcin mRNA expression were greater in the experimental group than the control group. ALP and calcium concentration of experimental group were higher than that of control group at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after osteogenic induction (P < 0.05). Thus, these results show that the CGRP-induced ADSCs combined with calcium alginate gel to osteoblasts differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningde Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, 352100, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Da-Cheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Gong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Ming Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
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Mori H, Kuge H, Watanabe M, Tanaka TH. Does Electroacupuncture Influence Skin Temperature, Skin Blood Flow, and Muscle Blood Volume Among Stimulation Sites? Med Acupunct 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/acu.2015.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mori
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuge
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Watanabe
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tim Hideaki Tanaka
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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Johnson C, Miller GR, Baker BA, Hollander M, Kashon ML, Waugh S, Krajnak K. Changes in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide after exposure to injurious stretch-shortening contractions. Exp Gerontol 2016; 79:1-7. [PMID: 26972633 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED One of the factors that can result in musculoskeletal injuries, and time off work, is exposure to repetitive motion. The goal of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle injury induced by exposure to injurious stretch-shortening cycles (iSSCs), resulted in hyperalgesia in the hind limb and changes in calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) immunolabeling in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in young and old male rats. METHODS Young (3months) and old (30months) male Fisher 344×BN F1 rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and the left hind limbs were exposed to 15 sets of 10 SSCs. Control animals were exposed to a single bout of SSCs of equal intensity. Sensitivity to mechanical stimulation was assessed using von Frey filaments prior to beginning the experiment, and on days 2 and 9 following exposure to iSSCs. Rats were euthanized one, 3 or 10days after the exposure. The ipsilateral DRG were dissected from the L4-5 region of the spine, along with the left tibialis anterior (LTA) muscle. RESULTS Rats exposed to iSSCs were more sensitive to mechanical stimulation than control rats 2days after the exposure, and showed a reduction in peak force 3days after exposure. Changes in sensitivity to pressure were not associated with increases in CGRP labeling in the DRG at 3days. However, 9days after exposure to iSSCs, old rats still displayed an increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, and this hyperalgesia was associated with an increase in CGRP immunolabeling in the DRG. Young rats exposed to iSSC did not display a change in CGRP immunolabeling and sensitivity to mechanical stimulation returned to control levels at 10days. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that hyperalgesia seen shortly after exposure to iSSC is not influenced by CGRP levels. However, in cases where recovery from injury may be slower, as it is in older rats, CGRP may contribute to the maintenance of hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Johnson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - G R Miller
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - B A Baker
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - M Hollander
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - M L Kashon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - S Waugh
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - K Krajnak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States.
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Nagaoka S, Shinbara H, Okubo M, Kawakita T, Hino K, Sumiya E. Contributions of ADP and ATP to the increase in skeletal muscle blood flow after manual acupuncture stimulation in rats. Acupunct Med 2016; 34:229-34. [PMID: 26746172 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contributions of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the increase in skeletal muscle blood flow (MBF) observed following manual acupuncture (MA) stimulation in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental animals (300-370 g, n=40). MA was applied to the right tibialis anterior muscle (TA) for 1 min using a stainless steel acupuncture needle. In eight rats, high-performance liquid chromatography with the microdialysis technique was used to measure local extracellular concentrations of ATP, ADP, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine in the TA. In the remaining 32 rats, fluorescent microspheres (15 µm in diameter) were used to measure MBF in the TA following pre-treatment with either the P2 receptor antagonist suramin (100 mg/kg intra-arterially) or saline (control) (n=16 each). Rats receiving MA (Suramin+MA and Saline+MA groups, n=8 each) were compared with untreated rats (Suramin and Saline groups, n=8). RESULTS MA significantly increased the local extracellular concentration of ATP, ADP, and adenosine (p<0.05, before MA vs 30 min after MA). In addition, MA significantly increased MBF in rats pre-treated with saline or suramin (p<0.01, Saline vs Saline+MA; p<0.05, Suramin vs Suramin+MA, respectively). However, suramin significantly suppressed this MA-induced increase in MBF (p<0.05, Saline+MA vs Suramin+MA). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that both ATP and ADP partially contribute to the MA-induced increase in MBF via P2 receptors. However, further studies are needed to clarify the contributions of other vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaoka
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Shinbara
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Okubo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Kawakita
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Hino
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E Sumiya
- Department of Basic Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan
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Wu ML, Xu DS, Bai WZ, Cui JJ, Shu HM, He W, Wang XY, Shi H, Su YS, Hu L, Zhu B, Jing XH. Local cutaneous nerve terminal and mast cell responses to manual acupuncture in acupoint LI4 area of the rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2015; 68:14-21. [PMID: 26148746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the effects of manual acupuncture (MA) are contributed by collagen fibers and mast cells in local acupoints, at which acupuncture stimulation causes various afferent fiber groups to be excited. However what happens in local nerve fibers and mast cells after MA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the response of cutaneous nerve fibers and mast cells to MA stimulation in acupoint Hegu (LI4). The contralateral LI4 of the same rat was used as a non-stimulated control. Immnohistochemistry analysis were carried out to observe the expression of histamine (HA), serotonin (5-HT) and nociceptive neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), in the LI4 area. Mast cells were labeled with anti-mast cell tryptase antibody and simultaneously with HA or 5-HT primary antibodies to observe their co-expression. Our results showed that SP and CGRP were expressed more highly on the cutaneous nerve fibers of LI4 after MA stimulation than that of the control. Mast cells aggregated in close proximity to the blood vessels in intra-epidermis and dermis and some of them with degranulation in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue of LI4. Both mast cells and their granules appeared with HA (+) and 5-HT (+) expression at stimulated L14 sites, while a few intact mast cells with a little expression of 5-HT and HA were distributed in areas of non-stimulated L14. The results indicated that local cutaneous nerve terminals and mast cells responded to MA with higher expression of SP and CGRP in nerve fibers, as well as with aggregation and degranulation of mast cells with HA and 5-HT granules at acupoint LI4. These neuroactive substances may convey signals to certain pathways that contribute to the effects of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Wu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wan-Zhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hong-Ming Shu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hong Shi
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yang-Shuai Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ling Hu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong Jing
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Validation and Test-Retest Reliability of New Thermographic Technique Called Thermovision Technique of Dry Needling for Gluteus Minimus Trigger Points in Sciatica Subjects and TrPs-Negative Healthy Volunteers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:546497. [PMID: 26137486 PMCID: PMC4475557 DOI: 10.1155/2015/546497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the validity and test-retest reliability of Thermovision Technique of Dry Needling (TTDN) for the gluteus minimus muscle. TTDN is a new thermography approach used to support trigger points (TrPs) diagnostic criteria by presence of short-term vasomotor reactions occurring in the area where TrPs refer pain. Method. Thirty chronic sciatica patients (n=15 TrP-positive and n=15 TrPs-negative) and 15 healthy volunteers were evaluated by TTDN three times during two consecutive days based on TrPs of the gluteus minimus muscle confirmed additionally by referred pain presence. TTDN employs average temperature (Tavr), maximum temperature (Tmax), low/high isothermal-area, and autonomic referred pain phenomenon (AURP) that reflects vasodilatation/vasoconstriction. Validity and test-retest reliability were assessed concurrently. Results. Two components of TTDN validity and reliability, Tavr and AURP, had almost perfect agreement according to κ (e.g., thigh: 0.880 and 0.938; calf: 0.902 and 0.956, resp.). The sensitivity for Tavr, Tmax, AURP, and high isothermal-area was 100% for everyone, but specificity of 100% was for Tavr and AURP only. Conclusion. TTDN is a valid and reliable method for Tavr and AURP measurement to support TrPs diagnostic criteria for the gluteus minimus muscle when digitally evoked referred pain pattern is present.
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Skorupska E, Rychlik M, Pawelec W, Samborski W. Dry Needling Related Short-Term Vasodilation in Chronic Sciatica under Infrared Thermovision. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:214374. [PMID: 25821479 PMCID: PMC4363707 DOI: 10.1155/2015/214374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vasomotor responses to dry needling (DN) of trigger points (TrPs) under infrared thermovision (IRT) camera control and TrPs coexistence in chronic sciatica patients have never been studied. Materials and Methods. Fifty consecutive chronic sciatica patients were enrolled in the study. DN under IRT control was performed for all patients regardless of gluteus minimus (GM) active TrPs examination. Then, the vasomotor response and its agreement with TrPs examination were evaluated. Results. The prevalence of GM active TrPs was 32%. DN provokes intensive vasodilatation for TrPs-positive patients only, with the localization dependent on referred pain during the procedure (r = 0.896; P = 0.000) not the daily complaint. The increase of vasodilatation was, for example, for thigh, TrPs-positive +30.29% (P < 0.05) versus TrPs-negative +4.08%. Additionally, a significant skin temperature increase was observed for TrPs-positive only, for example, thigh +1.5 ± 1.3°C (maximum) and +1.2 ± 1.0°C (average) (both P < 0.05). Conclusion. GM active TrPs prevalence among chronic sciatica patients was around one in three. Every TrPs-positive subject presented with vasodilatation under IRT in the area of DN related referred pain. Although TrPs involvement in chronic sciatica patients is possible, further studies on a bigger group of patients are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Skorupska
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Rychlik
- Department of Virtual Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Plac Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Pawelec
- Department of Biomechanics, University School of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Samborski
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Sonis AMD. Acupuncture in the Multimodal Biopsychosocial Pain Management. <br>Towards a New Model in Clinical Practice. Health (London) 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.77104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Min S, Lee H, Kim SY, Park JY, Chae Y, Lee H, Park HJ. Local changes in microcirculation and the analgesic effects of acupuncture: a laser Doppler perfusion imaging study. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 21:46-52. [PMID: 25354241 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the local response induced by acupuncture manipulation has been considered to be among the important factors that induce the effects of acupuncture, this connection has not yet been properly studied with standardized tools. The aims of this study are to examine the local changes in microcirculation that occur at different manipulation intensities and explore any associations of these changes with the analgesic effects of acupuncture. PARTICIPANTS/INTERVENTIONS Twelve healthy volunteers received three acupuncture interventions (insertion only, a single manipulation, and repeated manipulations) at the right LI4 (Hegu or Hapgok) in random order. OUTCOME MEASURES Skin blood perfusion was measured in a 100-mm(2) area ellipse centered on LI4 by using laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) before, during, and after acupuncture stimulation. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured at ipsilateral areas, including acupoints ST25 (abdomen), LI5 (hand), LI10 (arm), and SP9 (leg). RESULTS Repeated acupuncture manipulations enhanced microcirculatory perfusion compared with the insertion-only (p<0.01) and the single-manipulation (p<0.05) conditions. The repeated acupuncture manipulations significantly decreased the pressure pain at ST25 compared with the other groups (each p<0.05). Of note, Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between changes of local perfusion and PPTs (r=0.393; p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that repeated manipulation induced higher local microcirculatory changes that were correlated with the analgesic effects at the relevant sites. The findings suggest that a proper dose of acupuncture stimulation might be essential to elicit the acupuncture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seorim Min
- 1 Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research, Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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