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Gao X, Wang Y, Meng H, Li S, Jiang H, Zhang Z, He J, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Zhai W, Bao T, Rong P. Acupuncture for brain diseases: Conception, application, and exploration. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2958-2973. [PMID: 35195374 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The brain is probably the most complex organ in the human body. It has been the hot spot and direction of brain science research all over the world to deeply study the pathogenesis of various kinds of brain diseases and find effective treatment methods. Acupuncture is a nonpharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine originating from ancient clinical practice. The research on the treatment of brain diseases by acupuncture has been constantly enriched and updated with the promotion of interdisciplinary research. In order to account for the current achievements in the field of acupuncture for brain diseases, this article reviews it in terms of conception, application, and exploration. Based on the literature review, we found that in the past decades, acupuncture has received widespread attention worldwide and many literatures have reported the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of brain diseases. Presently, the conception, application, and exploration of acupuncture in the treatment of brain diseases have evolved from empirical medicine to evidence-based medicine and precision medicine, and are experiencing a deeper understanding of the information about acupuncture regulating the brain function based on interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyuan Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Jiang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakai He
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihang Zhai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tuya Bao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Martin BR, Wroblewski R. Inclusion of Acupuncture as an Adjunct Therapy in the Management of a Patient With Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Case Report. J Chiropr Med 2023; 22:164-171. [PMID: 37346241 PMCID: PMC10280087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe the inclusion of acupuncture in the management of a patient with schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder (DID). Clinical Features A 68-year-old man presented with schizophrenia and DID, which had been diagnosed at age 25. The patient was currently under psychiatric care and prescribed antipsychotic medications and psychiatric counseling. His predominant symptoms were anxiety, paranoia, and irritability. In addition, 2 to 5 personas manifested over the years that he referred to as the "Others." A Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was 81 out of 126 on his first visit. Intervention and Outcome Traditional Chinese medicine-style acupuncture was administered. Over the year, the severity of the patient's symptoms was reduced according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale to 56 and was maintained between 55 and 61 for 6 months. Conclusion Acupuncture included as an adjunct therapy to antipsychotic medication and psychiatric counseling may have reduced the severity of symptoms associated with schizophrenia and DID for this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Martin
- Basic Science Department, National University of Health Sciences, Pinellas Park, Florida
| | - Rachel Wroblewski
- Basic Science Department, National University of Health Sciences, Pinellas Park, Florida
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Acupoints with potential to treat schizophrenia: A systematic review and data mining analysis. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Tu CH, MacDonald I, Chen YH. The Effects of Acupuncture on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of the Literature. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30809158 PMCID: PMC6379324 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are diseases that are directly or indirectly associated with cerebral dysfunction and contribute significantly to disability in adult populations worldwide. Important limitations surround the currently available pharmacologic agents for neuropsychiatric disorders and, moreover, many patients fail to respond to these therapies. Acupuncture might be a complementary therapy for neuropsychiatry disorders. In this review, we investigate the current evidence for the treatment efficacy of acupuncture in depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and AD. Secondly, we review recent advances in understanding of the dysregulated glutamate system underlying the pathophysiology of these disorders. Finally, we discuss the ways in which acupuncture treatment can potentially modulate glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters. We conclude that the treatment effects of acupuncture may be underpinned by its intervention in the dysregulated glutamate system. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to clarify the possible mechanisms of acupuncture in these neuropsychiatric disorders and to establish protocols for treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Tu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Iona MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Pigarev IN, Pigareva ML, Levichkina EV. On the mechanism of therapeutic effects of electrostimulation. Interpretations and predictions based on the results of sleep studies. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:15-21. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911904215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zeng L, Tao Y, Hou W, Zong L, Yu L. Electro-acupuncture improves psychiatric symptoms, anxiety and depression in methamphetamine addicts during abstinence: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11905. [PMID: 30142795 PMCID: PMC6112927 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It aimed to observe the effect of electro-acupuncture on the improvement of psychiatric symptoms, as well as anxiety and depression in methamphetamine (MA) addicts during abstinence using randomized controlled trials. METHODS All patients in the present study received compulsory drug detoxification in Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Center. All patients were enrolled consecutively from June 2014 to February 2015; data collection was completed in March 2015. According to the randomized, single-blind and control principle, 68 men MA addicts were randomly divided into 2 groups: electro-acupuncture (EA) and sham electro-acupuncture (sham-EA) groups. Patients were given 20 minutes EA or sham-EA treatment every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, with a total of 4 weeks. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the patients' psychotic symptoms, anxiety and depression before treatment and after receiving treatment with 1 to 4 weeks, respectively. RESULTS EA could effectively improve the symptoms of psychosis, anxiety, and depression during abstinence in patients with MA addiction. In terms of PANSS score, the scores for positive symptoms and general psychopathological symptoms in patients after receiving 1 to 4 weeks of treatment were significantly decreased compared with the control group, while the score for negative symptoms was significantly decreased after receiving 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. For the HAMA score, the psychotic anxiety scores in patients receiving 1 to 4 weeks of treatment were significant lower than the control group. In terms of HAMD score, there was a significant reduction in anxiety/somatization and sleep disturbance scores after the 4 weeks of EA treatment. CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture helps to improve psychiatric symptoms and anxiety and depression in MA addicts during abstinence, and promote rehabilitation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenguang Hou
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zong
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey
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van den Noort M, Yeo S, Lim S, Lee SH, Staudte H, Bosch P. Acupuncture as Add-On Treatment of the Positive, Negative, and Cognitive Symptoms of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E29. [PMID: 29601477 PMCID: PMC6023351 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that has a large impact on patients' lives. In addition to Western medicine, the use of additional treatments, such as acupuncture, in treating the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms is increasing. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on the use of acupuncture as an add-on treatment for patients with schizophrenia that are in regular care, with a special focus on the treatment of the often accompanying sleep disorders. In this study, we searched the Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ERIC databases with a cut-off date of 31 December 2017, thereby following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Results: Our search resulted in 26 eligible studies with 1181 patients with schizophrenia who received acupuncture treatment. Most studies showed limited evidence for the use of acupuncture as add-on therapy in the treatment of the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, but beneficial effects have been reported in the treatment of the accompanying sleep disorders. Conclusions: Limited evidence was found for the use of acupuncture as add-on therapy in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia; however, positive results were found in the treatment of sleep disorders, but this result needs to be confirmed in large, randomized, controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits van den Noort
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
- Brussels Institute for Applied Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sujung Yeo
- College of Oriental Medicine, Sang Ji University, Wonju 26339, Korea.
| | - Sabina Lim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Sook-Hyun Lee
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Heike Staudte
- Psychiatric Research Group, LVR-Klinik Bedburg-Hau, 47511 Bedburg-Hau, Germany.
| | - Peggy Bosch
- Psychiatric Research Group, LVR-Klinik Bedburg-Hau, 47511 Bedburg-Hau, Germany.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Pigarev IN, Pigareva ML. Therapeutic Effects of Electrical Stimulation: Interpretations and Predictions Based on the Visceral Theory of Sleep. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:65. [PMID: 29483861 PMCID: PMC5816067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Pigarev
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina L. Pigareva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Bosch P, Staudte H, Yeo S, Lee SH, Lim S, van den Noort M. Acupuncture treatment of a male patient suffering from long-term schizophrenia and sleep disorders. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sun ZL, Liu J, Guo W, Jiang T, Ma C, Li WB, Tang YL, Ling SH. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels associate with cognitive improvement in patients with schizophrenia treated with electroacupuncture. Psychiatry Res 2016; 244:370-5. [PMID: 27525826 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that acupuncture has been successfully used for the treatment of neurological disorders to improve cognitive function. This study was set to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA, using two acupoints: Baihui and Shenting) on clinical symptoms, cognitive function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with schizophrenia. Sixty-one inpatients diagnosed schizophrenia with DSM-IV criteria were recruited. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=31). The patients were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) at baseline and after EA treatment. There were no significant differences in the PANSS scores and serum BDNF levels between the experimental group and the control group, either at baseline or at the end of the 4-week study period. However, the EA treatment appeared to have significant benefits on memory and moderate benefits on executive functions and problem solving. Significant positive correlation was observed between the increase of BDNF levels and memory improvement after EA treatment. Our results indicated that EA treatment could improve cognitive function, and the cognitive benefits positively associate with serum BDNF levels in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Li Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wen-Biao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Si-Hai Ling
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China.
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Bosch P, van den Noort M, Staudte H, Lim S, Yeo S, Coenen A, van Luijtelaar G. Sleep disorders in patients with depression or schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial using acupuncture treatment. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The effect of acupuncture on mood and working memory in patients with depression and schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 13:380-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(15)60204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Schizophrenia and Depression: A systematic Review of the Effectiveness and the Working Mechanisms Behind Acupuncture. Explore (NY) 2015; 11:281-91. [PMID: 26007331 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review assessed clinical evidence for the use of acupuncture as an add-on treatment in patients with depression and schizophrenia and for its underlying working mechanisms. DATA SOURCES Four databases (Medline, Scopus, ERIC, and the Cochrane Library) were searched with a cutoff date of March 31, 2014. STUDY SELECTION Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of acupuncture treatment for depression and schizophrenia were considered for inclusion. The scarcity of acupuncture research involving schizophrenia led to the inclusion of randomized controlled trials and case studies. DATA EXTRACTION The primary and secondary aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of acupuncture in treating patients with depression or schizophrenia and the possible working mechanisms underlying acupuncture through a systematic literature review. DATA SYNTHESIS The overall clinical results on using acupuncture to treat depression are promising, but only limited evidence for its effectiveness in treating schizophrenia was found. Acupuncture improves the quality of life, particularly that of sleep, in psychiatric patients. Brain research has revealed that acupuncture has a modulating and normalizing effect on the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (LPNN), including the default mode network. Because the LPNN is related to sleep and emotions, this might explain the improved qualities of life and sleep after acupuncture. CONCLUSIONS From the evidence found in this study, acupuncture seems to be an effective add-on treatment in patients with depression and, to a lesser degree, in patients with schizophrenia, but large well-designed studies are needed to confirm that evidence.
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Bosch P, de Rover P, Staudte H, Lim S, van den Noort M. Schizophrenia, depression, and sleep disorders: their traditional Oriental medicine equivalents. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2014; 8:17-22. [PMID: 25660440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders can be described and treated from both a Western (allopathic) and an Eastern perspective, which should be taken into account when conducting research. Patients with schizophrenia or depression are likely to be undergoing Western treatment when they are referred to an acupuncturist for (add-on) treatment, and knowledge of both types of treatments is necessary to integrate them successfully. In this study, the different Traditional Oriental Medicine (TOM) diagnostic patterns in patients with a Western diagnosis of schizophrenia, depression, or sleep disorders are described from a literature and a clinical perspective. The data on 30 depression and 30 schizophrenia patients from a German study are presented. Our results show that if a psychiatric group, sorted in accordance to Western diagnostic principles, is diagnosed on the basis of TOM diagnostic patterns, it can be categorized into different groups of patients with psychiatric disorders; this finding has far-reaching consequences in scientific research on acupuncture. Moreover, we found a high prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with both schizophrenia and depression, which could be explained from the perspective of a TOM diagnostic pattern. Finally, we discuss sleep quality as a treatment objective that may play a crucial role in mediating acupuncture-induced treatment effects in patients with schizophrenia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Bosch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; LVR-Klinik Bedburg-Hau, Bedburg-Hau, Germany; Division of Acupuncture & Meridian, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute and School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | - Sabina Lim
- Division of Acupuncture & Meridian, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute and School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maurits van den Noort
- Division of Acupuncture & Meridian, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute and School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea; Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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