1
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Iijima N, Hayashi T, Niino M, Miyamoto Y, Oka M, Ishii KJ. Tridecylcyclohexane in incomplete Freund's adjuvant is a critical component in inducing experimental autoimmune diseases. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350957. [PMID: 39030805 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) has been used for many years to induce autoimmune diseases in animal models, including experimental autoimmune encephalitis and collagen-induced arthritis. However, it remains unclear why it is necessary to emulsify autoantigen and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HKMtb) with IFA to induce experimental autoimmune diseases. Here, we found that immunization with self-antigen and HKMtb was insufficient to induce autoimmune diseases in mice. Furthermore, IFA or one of its components, mineral oil, but not mannide monooleate, was required for the development of experimental autoimmune disease. Immunization with autoantigen and HKMtb emulsified in mineral oil facilitated innate immune activation and promoted the differentiation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells, followed by their accumulation in neuronal tissues. Several water-soluble hydrocarbon compounds were identified in mineral oil. Of these, immunization with HKMtb and autoantigen emulsified with the same amount of hexadecane or tridecylcyclohexane as mineral oil induced the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis. In contrast, immunization with HKMtb and autoantigen emulsified with tridecylcyclohexane, but not hexadecane, at doses equivalent to those found in mineral oil, resulted in neuronal dysfunction. These data indicate that tridecylcyclohexane in mineral oil is a critical component in the induction of experimental autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Iijima
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Masaaki Niino
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Suita, Japan
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2
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Holers VM, Demoruelle KM, Buckner JH, James EA, Firestein GS, Robinson WH, Steere AC, Zhang F, Norris JM, Kuhn KA, Deane KD. Distinct mucosal endotypes as initiators and drivers of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:601-613. [PMID: 39251771 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a potentially devastating autoimmune disease. The great majority of patients with RA are seropositive for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), rheumatoid factors, or other autoantibodies. The onset of clinically apparent inflammatory arthritis meeting classification criteria (clinical RA) is preceded by ACPA seropositivity for an average of 3-5 years, a period that is designated as 'at-risk' of RA for ACPA-positive individuals who do not display signs of arthritis, or 'pre-RA' for individuals who are known to have progressed to developing clinical RA. Prior studies of individuals at-risk of RA have associated pulmonary mucosal inflammation with local production of ACPAs and rheumatoid factors, leading to development of the 'mucosal origins hypothesis'. Recent work now suggests the presence of multiple distinct mucosal site-specific mechanisms that drive RA evolution. Indicatively, subsets of individuals at-risk of RA and patients with RA harbour a faecal bacterial strain that has exhibited arthritogenic activity in animal models and that favours T helper 17 (TH17) cell responses in patients. Periodontal inflammation and oral microbiota have also been suggested to promote the development of arthritis through breaches in the mucosal barrier. Herein, we argue that mucosal sites and their associated microbial strains can contribute to RA evolution via distinct pathogenic mechanisms, which can be considered causal mucosal endotypes. Future therapies instituted for prevention in the at-risk period, or, perhaps, during clinical RA as therapeutics for active arthritis, will possibly have to address these individual mechanisms as part of precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Allen C Steere
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristine A Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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3
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El Mouali Y, Tawk C, Huang KD, Amend L, Lesker TR, Ponath F, Vogel J, Strowig T. The RNA landscape of the human commensal Segatella copri reveals a small RNA essential for gut colonization. Cell Host Microbe 2024:S1931-3128(24)00352-4. [PMID: 39368472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
The bacterium Segatella copri is a prevalent member of the human gut microbiota associated with health and disease states. However, the intrinsic factors that determine its ability to colonize the gut effectively remain largely unknown. By extensive transcriptome mapping of S. copri and examining human-derived samples, we discover a small RNA, which we name Segatella RNA colonization factor (SrcF), and show that SrcF is essential for S. copri gut colonization in gnotobiotic mice. SrcF regulates genes involved in nutrient acquisition, and complex carbohydrates, particularly fructans, control its expression. Furthermore, SrcF expression is strongly influenced by human microbiome composition and by the breakdown of fructans by cohabitating commensals, suggesting that the breakdown of complex carbohydrates mediates interspecies signaling among commensals beyond its established function in generating energy. Together, this study highlights the contribution of a small RNA as a critical regulator in gut colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Mouali
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Caroline Tawk
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kun D Huang
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lena Amend
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Robin Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Falk Ponath
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany; Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Deane KD, Holers VM, Emery P, Mankia K, El-Gabalawy H, Sparks JA, Costenbader KH, Schett G, van der Helm-van Mil A, van Schaardenburg D, Thomas R, Cope AP. Therapeutic interception in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent clinically impactful disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2023-224211. [PMID: 39242182 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiple clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevention have been completed. Here, we set out to report on the lessons learnt from these studies. Researchers who conducted RA prevention trials shared the background, rationale, approach and outcomes and evaluated the lessons learnt to inform the next generation of RA prevention trials. Individuals at risk of RA can be identified through population screening, referrals to musculoskeletal programmes and by recognition of arthralgia suspicious for RA. Clinical trials in individuals at risk for future clinical RA have demonstrated that limited courses of corticosteroids, atorvastatin and hydroxychloroquine do not alter incidence rates of clinical RA; however, rituximab delays clinical RA onset, and methotrexate has transient effects in individuals who are anticitrullinated protein antibody-positive with subclinical joint inflammation identified by imaging. Abatacept delays clinical RA onset but does not fully prevent onset of RA after treatment cessation. Additionally, subclinical joint inflammation and symptoms appear responsive to interventions such as methotrexate and abatacept. To advance prevention, next steps include building networks of individuals at risk for RA, to improve risk stratification for future RA and to understand the biological mechanisms of RA development, including potential endotypes of disease, which can be targeted for prevention, thus adopting a more precision-based approach. Future trials should focus on interceptions aimed at preventing clinical RA onset and which treat existing symptoms and imaging-defined subclinical inflammation. These trials may include advanced designs (eg, adaptive) and should be combined with mechanistic studies to further define pathophysiological drivers of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Hani El-Gabalawy
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Rheumatology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette van der Helm-van Mil
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London, UK
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5
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Ma F, Li Z, Liu H, Chen S, Zheng S, Zhu J, Shi H, Ye H, Qiu Z, Gao L, Han B, Yang Q, Wang X, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Fan H, Lv S, Zhao X, Zhou H, Li J, Hong M. Dietary-timing-induced gut microbiota diurnal oscillations modulate inflammatory rhythms in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00334-6. [PMID: 39260371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by inflammatory activity with distinct rhythmic fluctuations. However, the precise mechanisms governing these inflammatory rhythms remain elusive. Here, we explore the interaction between dietary patterns, gut microbiota diurnal oscillations, and the rhythmicity of RA in both collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and patients with RA and highlight the significance of dietary timing in modulating RA inflammatory rhythms linked to gut microbiota. Specifically, we discovered that Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) uses β-glucosidase (β-GC) to release glycitein (GLY) from the diet in response to daily nutritional cues, influencing RA inflammatory rhythms dependent on the sirtuin 5-nuclear factor-κB (SIRT5-NF-κB) axis. Notably, we validated the daily fluctuations of P. distasonis-β-GC-GLY in patients with RA through continuous sampling across day-night cycles. These findings underscore the crucial role of dietary timing in RA rhythmicity and propose potential clinical implications for novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fopei Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Haihua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shixian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Songyuan Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Junqing Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Haixin Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhantu Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bingqi Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lifang Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Huijie Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Shuaijun Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Mukeng Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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6
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Hartikainen AK, Jalanka J, Lahtinen P, Ponsero AJ, Mertsalmi T, Finnegan L, Crispie F, Cotter PD, Arkkila P, Satokari R. Fecal microbiota transplantation influences microbiota without connection to symptom relief in irritable bowel syndrome patients. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:73. [PMID: 39191760 PMCID: PMC11349920 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced microbiota may contribute to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), thus fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as a potential treatment. Previous studies on the relationship between clinical improvement and microbiota after FMT have been inconclusive. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics data from a randomized, placebo controlled FMT trial on 49 IBS patients to analyze changes after FMT in microbiota composition and its functional potential, and to identify connections between microbiota and patients' clinical outcome. As a result, we found that the successful modulation of microbiota composition and functional profiles by FMT from a healthy donor was not associated with the resolution of symptoms in IBS patients. Notably, a donor derived strain of Prevotella copri dominated the microbiota in those patients in the FMT group who had a low relative abundance of P. copri pre-FMT. The results highlight the multifactorial nature of IBS and the role of recipient's microbiota in the colonization of donor's strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Hartikainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jonna Jalanka
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Lahtinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Alise J Ponsero
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- BIO5 Institute and Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tuomas Mertsalmi
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, HUS, PO Box 800, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Finnegan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome, Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome, Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome, Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Perttu Arkkila
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Lamba A, Taneja V. Gut microbiota as a sensor of autoimmune response and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2024; 325:90-106. [PMID: 38867408 PMCID: PMC11338721 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a multifactorial condition where interaction between the genetic and environmental factors lead to immune dysregulation causing autoreactivity. While among the various genetic factors, HLA-DR4 and DQ8, have been reported to be the strongest risk factors, the role of various environmental factors has been unclear. Though events initiating autoreactivity remain unknown, a mucosal origin of RA has gained attention based on the recent observations with the gut dysbiosis in patients. However, causality of gut dysbiosis has been difficult to prove in humans. Mouse models, especially mice expressing RA-susceptible and -resistant HLA class II genes have helped unravel the complex interactions between genetic factors and gut microbiome. This review describes the interactions between HLA genes and gut dysbiosis in sex-biased preclinical autoreactivity and discusses the potential use of endogenous commensals as indicators of treatment efficacy as well as therapeutic tool to suppress pro-inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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8
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Ding G, Yang X, Li Y, Wang Y, Du Y, Wang M, Ye R, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota regulates gut homeostasis, mucosal immunity and influences immune-related diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05077-y. [PMID: 39060829 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome constitutes a sophisticated and massive ecosystem pivotal for maintaining gastrointestinal equilibrium and mucosal immunity via diverse pathways. The gut microbiota is continuously reshaped by multiple environmental factors, thereby influencing overall wellbeing or predisposing individuals to disease state. Many observations reveal an altered microbiome composition in individuals with autoimmune conditions, coupled with shifts in metabolic profiles, which has spurred ongoing development of therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiome. This review delineates the microbial consortia of the intestine, their role in sustaining gastrointestinal stability, the association between the microbiome and immune-mediated pathologies, and therapeutic modalities focused on microbiome modulation. We emphasize the entire role of the intestinal microbiome in human health and recommend microbiome modulation as a viable strategy for disease prophylaxis and management. However, the application of gut microbiota modification for the treatment of immune-related diseases, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, remain quite challenging. Therefore, more research is needed into the role and mechanisms of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoao Ding
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
- Department of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Yujie Du
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Ruxin Ye
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China.
- Department of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230061, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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9
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Bimai O, Banerjee I, Rozman Grinberg I, Huang P, Hultgren L, Ekström S, Lundin D, Sjöberg BM, Logan DT. Nucleotide binding to the ATP-cone in anaerobic ribonucleotide reductases allosterically regulates activity by modulating substrate binding. eLife 2024; 12:RP89292. [PMID: 38968292 PMCID: PMC11226230 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A small, nucleotide-binding domain, the ATP-cone, is found at the N-terminus of most ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalytic subunits. By binding adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) it regulates the enzyme activity of all classes of RNR. Functional and structural work on aerobic RNRs has revealed a plethora of ways in which dATP inhibits activity by inducing oligomerisation and preventing a productive radical transfer from one subunit to the active site in the other. Anaerobic RNRs, on the other hand, store a stable glycyl radical next to the active site and the basis for their dATP-dependent inhibition is completely unknown. We present biochemical, biophysical, and structural information on the effects of ATP and dATP binding to the anaerobic RNR from Prevotella copri. The enzyme exists in a dimer-tetramer equilibrium biased towards dimers when two ATP molecules are bound to the ATP-cone and tetramers when two dATP molecules are bound. In the presence of ATP, P. copri NrdD is active and has a fully ordered glycyl radical domain (GRD) in one monomer of the dimer. Binding of dATP to the ATP-cone results in loss of activity and increased dynamics of the GRD, such that it cannot be detected in the cryo-EM structures. The glycyl radical is formed even in the dATP-bound form, but the substrate does not bind. The structures implicate a complex network of interactions in activity regulation that involve the GRD more than 30 Å away from the dATP molecules, the allosteric substrate specificity site and a conserved but previously unseen flap over the active site. Taken together, the results suggest that dATP inhibition in anaerobic RNRs acts by increasing the flexibility of the flap and GRD, thereby preventing both substrate binding and radical mobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Bimai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Section for Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Ping Huang
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Lucas Hultgren
- Structural Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- Structural Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Daniel Lundin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Britt-Marie Sjöberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Derek T Logan
- Section for Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund UniversityLundSweden
- Cryo-EM for Life Science, SciLifeLab, Lund UniversityLundSweden
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10
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Huang Y, Li Y, Guan D, Pan Y, Yang C, Liu H, Chen C, Chen W, Liu J, Wan T, Zhuang L, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Acorus tatarinowii oils exert protective effects on microglia-mediated inflammatory injury via restoring gut microbiota composition in experimental stroke rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 213:110990. [PMID: 38821245 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota could be developed as a therapeutic target due to its contribution to microglia activation in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. Acorus tatarinowii oils (AT oils), which is considered as the active fraction of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Acorus tatarinowii, exerts various bioactivities and prebiotic effects. However, it remains unclear that the effect of AT oils on inflammatory response after ischemic stroke and whether its underlying mechanism is associated to gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier. In the current study, we aim to investigate the anti-microglial neuroinflammation mechanism of AT oils in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. The compositions of AT oils were identified by GC-MS. Our results demonstrated that AT oils could effectively relieve cerebral infarction, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, degrade the release of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and IFN-γ), and mediate the polarization of microglia. Moreover, AT oils restored the composition and the balance of gut microbiota in stroke rats, and reduced abundance of opportunistic genera including Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia and Tenericutes, as well as increased beneficial bacteria abundance such as Tenericutes and Prevotella_copri. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on AT oils against ischemic stroke, we conducted the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments with gut microbiota consumption, which suggested that the depletion of gut microbiota took away the protective effect of AT oils, confirming the importance of gut microbiota in the protective effect of AT oils on ischemic stroke. FMT experiments have demonstrated that AT oils preserved the gut permeability and blood-brain barrier, as well as mediated the microglial phenotype under the intervention of gut microbiota. In summary, AT oils could efficaciously moderate neuronal damage and intervene microglial phenotype by reversing gut microbiota disorder in ischemic stroke rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
| | - Yongyi Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Danni Guan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Chaoyan Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital, Ji'nan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Lixing Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
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11
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Mao Y, Kong C, Zang T, You L, Wang L, Shen L, Ge J. Impact of the gut microbiome on atherosclerosis. MLIFE 2024; 3:167-175. [PMID: 38948150 PMCID: PMC11211673 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory metabolic disease with a complex pathogenesis. However, the exact details of its pathogenesis are still unclear, which limits effective clinical treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. This review discusses possible treatments for atherosclerosis using the gut microbiome as an intervention target and summarizes the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in the development of atherosclerosis. New strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis are needed. This review provides clues for further research on the mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Kong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tongtong Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lingsen You
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Shun Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Bo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
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12
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Wu S, Liu T, Jiang J. Host-microbiota interactions in collagen-induced arthritis rats treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome and ginsenoside Rh2. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116515. [PMID: 38569276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell exosome (MSCs-exo) is a class of products secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that contain various biologically active substances. MSCs-exo is a promising alternative to MSCs due to their lower immunogenicity and lack of ethical constraints. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a hydrolyzed component of the primary active substance of ginsenosides. Rh2 has a variety of pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota and metabolites are critical in developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we constructed a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats. We used MSCs-exo combined with Rh2 to treat CIA rats. To observe the effect of MSCs-exo combined with Rh2 on joint inflammation, rat feces were collected for 16 rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the arthritis index score and joint swelling of CIA rats treated with MSCs-exo in combination with Rh2 were significantly lower than those of the model and MSCs-exo alone groups. MSCs-exo and Rh2 significantly ameliorated the disturbed gut microbiota in CIA rats. The regulation of Candidatus_Saccharibacteria and Clostridium_XlVb regulation may be the most critical. Rh2 enhanced the therapeutic effect of MSCs-exo compared with the MSCs-exo -alone group. Furthermore, significant changes in gut metabolites were observed in the CIA rat group, and these differentially altered metabolites may act as messengers for host-microbiota interactions. These differential metabolites were enriched into relevant critical metabolic pathways, revealing possible pathways for host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Yibin Jilin University Research Institute, Jilin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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13
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Luangphiphat W, Prombutara P, Muangsillapasart V, Sukitpunyaroj D, Eeckhout E, Taweechotipatr M. Exploring of gut microbiota features in dyslipidemia and chronic coronary syndrome patients undergoing coronary angiography. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1384146. [PMID: 38646625 PMCID: PMC11026706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has a high mortality rate, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor. Atherosclerosis, a cause of CCS, is influenced by gut microbiota dysbiosis and its metabolites. The objective of this study was to study the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and related clinical parameters among CCS patients undergoing coronary angiography and dyslipidemia patients in comparison to healthy volunteers in Thailand. CCS patients had more risk factors and higher inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) than others. The alpha diversity was lower in dyslipidemia and CCS patients than in the healthy group. A significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota was observed among the three groups. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotella, and Streptococcus was significantly increased while Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Faecalibacterium were lower in CCS patients. In CCS patients, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Pediococcus were positively correlated with hs-CRP. In dyslipidemia patients, Megasphaera was strongly positively correlated with triglyceride (TG) level and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The modification of gut microbiota was associated with changes in clinical parameters involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in CCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongsakorn Luangphiphat
- Innovative Anatomy Program, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pinidphon Prombutara
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mod Gut Co., Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroj Muangsillapasart
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Damrong Sukitpunyaroj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eric Eeckhout
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Thailand
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14
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Seymour BJ, Allen BE, Kuhn KA. Microbial Mechanisms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:124-132. [PMID: 38300467 PMCID: PMC11141067 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-024-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Host-microbiome interactions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the data linking specific microbes to RA is largely associative. Here, we review recent studies that have interrogated specific mechanistic links between microbes and host in the setting of RA. RECENT FINDINGS Several candidate bacterial species and antigens that may trigger the conversion of an anti-bacterial to an autoimmune response have been recently identified. Additional studies have identified microbial metabolic pathways that are altered in RA. Some of these microbial species and metabolic pathways have been validated in mouse models to induce RA-like immune responses, providing initial evidence of specific mechanisms by which the microbiota contributes to the development of RA. Several microbial species, antigens, and metabolites have been identified as potential contributors to RA pathophysiology. Further interrogation and validation of these pathways may identify novel biomarkers of or therapeutic avenues for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Seymour
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brendan E Allen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristine A Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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15
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Peng LJ, Chen YP, Qu F, Zhong Y, Jiang ZS. Correlation of Gut Microbiota with Children Obesity and Weight Loss. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:82-91. [PMID: 38468732 PMCID: PMC10924870 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Children obesity is a serious public health problem drawing much attention around the world. Recent research indicated that gut microbiota plays a vital role in children obesity, and disturbed gut microbiota is a prominent characteristic of obese children. Diet and exercise are efficient intervention for weight loss in obesity children, however, how the gut microbiota is modulated which remains largely unknown. To characterize the feature of gut microbiota in obese children and explore the effect of dietary and exercise on gut microbiota in simple obese children, 107 healthy children and 86 obese children were recruited, and among of the obese children 39 received the dietary-exercise combined weight loss intervention (DEI). The gut microbiota composition was detected by the 16S amplicon sequencing method. The gut microbiota composition was significantly different between obese children and the healthy cohort, and DEI significantly reduced the body weight and ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis. After DEI, the abundance of the Akkermansia muciniphila was increased, while the abundance of the Sutterella genus was decreased in simple obese children. Our results may provide theoretical reference for future personalized obesity interventions based on gut microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01088-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Peng
- Women’s Committee, Hunan Children’s Hospital and the Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, 410007 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, 410007 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Qu
- Medical Record Statistics and Library Management Office, Hunan Children’s Hospital and the Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, 410007 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Children’s Healthcare Institute, Hunan Children’s Hospital, and the Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, 410007 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan People’s Republic of China
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16
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Purohit A, Kandiyal B, Kumar S, Pragasam AK, Kamboj P, Talukdar D, Verma J, Sharma V, Sarkar S, Mahajan D, Yadav R, Ahmed R, Nanda R, Dikshit M, Banerjee SK, Shalimar, Das B. Collinsella aerofaciens linked with increased ethanol production and liver inflammation contribute to the pathophysiology of NAFLD. iScience 2024; 27:108764. [PMID: 38313048 PMCID: PMC10837629 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global health problem and a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases. The bidirectional interactions between liver and gut made dysbiotic gut microbiome one of the key risk factors for NAFLD. In this study, we reported an increased abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens in the gut of obese and NASH patients living in India. We isolated C. aerofaciens from the fecal samples of biopsy-proven NASH patients and observed that their genome is enriched with carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and pro-inflammatory functions and have the potency to increase ethanol level in blood. An animal study indicated that mice supplemented with C. aerofaciens had increased levels of circulatory ethanol, high levels of hepatic hydroxyproline, triglyceride, and inflammation in the liver. The present findings indicate that perturbation in the gut microbiome composition is a key risk factor for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Purohit
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Bharti Kandiyal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Shakti Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Agila Kumari Pragasam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Daizee Talukdar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Jyoti Verma
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Riya Ahmed
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ranjan Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121004, India
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17
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Yuan H, Wu X, Wang X, Zhou JY, Park S. Microbial Dysbiosis Linked to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Asians: Prevotella copri Promotes Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Network Instability in the Prevotella Enterotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2183. [PMID: 38396863 PMCID: PMC10889285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation by metabolic dysfunction. The rising prevalence of MAFLD, especially among Asians, may be associated with changes in gut microbiota. We investigated gut microbiota characteristics and potential mechanisms leading to MAFLD development according to enterotypes. Case-control studies examining the gut microbiota composition between MAFLD and non-MAFLD participants were searched in public databases until July 2023. Gut microbiota was categorized into two enterotypes by principal component analysis. According to the enterotypes, LEfSe, ALDEx2, XGBoost, and DCiPatho were utilized to identify differential abundances and pathogenic microbes in the gut between the MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups. We analyzed microbial community networks with the SprCC module and predicted microbial functions. In the Prevotella enterotype (ET-P), 98.6% of Asians and 65.1% of Caucasians were associated with MAFLD (p = 0.049). MAFLD incidence was correlated with enterotype, age, obesity, and ethnicity (p < 0.05). Asian MAFLD patients exhibited decreased Firmicutes and Akkermansia muciniphila and increased Bacteroidetes and P. copri. The pathogenicity scores were 0.006 for A. muciniphila and 0.868 for P. copri. The Asian MAFLD group showed decreased stability and complexity in the gut microbiota network. Metagenome function analysis revealed higher fructose metabolism and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and lower animal proteins and α-linolenic acid metabolism in Asians with MAFLD compared with the non-MAFLD group. LPS biosynthesis was positively correlated with P. copri (p < 0.05). In conclusion, P. copri emerged as a potential microbial biomarker for MAFLD. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of MAFLD mediated through the gut microbiota, providing insights for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Xichun Wang
- Department of Computer and Data Analysis, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Jun-Yu Zhou
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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18
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Holers VM. Are there causal mucosal drivers in the preclinical development of rheumatoid arthritis? Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 64S:152324. [PMID: 38030540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal pathways which drive the development of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are incompletely understood, especially in the period of time prior to the first development of signs and symptoms of joint involvement. That asymptomatic period, designated herein as pre-RA, is characterized by the presence of RA-related autoantibodies for many years and is the subject of an increasing number of studies as well as a focus of efforts to prevent the onset of clinically apparent arthritis. OBJECTIVES To review the potential causal pathways in pre-RA by examining results of studies which evaluate the systemic peripheral blood and mucosal alterations that have been identified in individuals who are genetically at-risk, and/or who elaborate RA-related autoantibodies, and are defined as in a pre-RA period. METHODS Published studies by the author and his colleagues, as well as publications by other groups, which describe the presence of biomarkers at mucosal sites and in the blood were reviewed. From these studies, a hypothesis related to the presence of pre-RA causal drivers was constructed. RESULTS The author and his colleagues, as well as other groups, have shown that there are multiple mucosal sites, primarily gut, lung and oral/peridontial, which appear in subsets of individuals in the pre-RA to exhibit inflammation and/or the presence of local production of IgA and IgG RA-related autoantibodies, including anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). These findings are reviewed herein. There remain a large number of unanswered questions, though, related to the immune mechanisms that are operative at each site, as well as how these local findings evolve to causal systemic autoimmunity and eventually inflammatory arthritis. AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive natural history studies are required to understand how multiple mucosal sites which appear to be involved in pre-RA are causally involved in the development of arthritis. Questions remain as to whether there are independent, serially involved, or inter-related causal immune pathways originating from these sites. In addition, the microbiota which may be involved in local immune inflammation and autoantibody production should be identified and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michael Holers
- Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO United States of America.
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19
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Abdelsalam NA, Hegazy SM, Aziz RK. The curious case of Prevotella copri. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2249152. [PMID: 37655441 PMCID: PMC10478744 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2249152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevotella copri is an abundant member of the human gastrointestinal microbiome, whose relative abundance has curiously been associated with positive and negative impacts on diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Yet, the verdict is still out on the definitive role of P. copri in human health, and on the effect of different diets on its relative abundance in the gut microbiome. The puzzling discrepancies among P. copri studies have only recently been attributed to the diversity of its strains, which substantially differ in their encoded metabolic patterns from the commonly used reference strain. However, such strain differences cannot be resolved by common 16S rRNA amplicon profiling methods. Here, we scrutinize P. copri, its versatile metabolic potential, and the hypotheses behind the conflicting observations on its association with diet and human health. We also provide suggestions for designing studies and bioinformatics pipelines to better research P. copri.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaimaa M. Hegazy
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramy K. Aziz
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Hu X, Wu Q, Fan Y, Guo F, Li S, Zhang S, Zuo YG. Identification of gut microbiota dysbiosis in bullous pemphigoid under different disease activity. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:2149-2159. [PMID: 37909736 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease affecting patients' quality of life. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis have been investigated to be associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between GM and BP onset and remission remains to be established by a systematic study. We conducted a study that enrolled 24 patients with BP onset (BP group), 24 patients under remission stage (BP-R group) and 24 healthy controls (HC group). We applied 16S rRNA sequencing on faecal samples and revealed a separation of the microbiota structure. At the family level, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae were more abundant in the HC and BP-R groups, while Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in the BP group. Bugbase analysis revealed the potentially pathogenic bacteria had an increasing trend in the BP group compared with the HC group and this variation vanished in the BP-R group. At the amplicon sequence variants (ASV) level, Bacteroides ovatus (ASV40) and Veillonella dispar (ASV140) significantly decreased, while Prevotella copri (ASV54) increased in the BP group compared to the HC and BP-R groups. The HC group and BP-R group shared similar abundance. Furthermore, by correlation analysis, we investigated key ASVs correlated with clinical parameters and found some discriminate biomarkers between the BP and BP-R groups. Our study established a dynamic GM profile in BP patients under different disease activity, providing a new direction to understand the role of GM in BP pathogenesis and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sizhe Li
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Gang Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Li B, Ding M, Chen C, Zhao J, Shi G, Ross P, Stanton C, Chen W, Yang B. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B6MNI Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulating 5-HIAA and Pim-1/JAK/STAT3 Inflammation Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17819-17832. [PMID: 37906736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory potential of certain bacterial strains suggests that they could be beneficial in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we investigated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B6MNI on the progression of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats as well as its influence on the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Forty-eight female Wistar rats were divided into six groups that included a B6MNI group with CIA and intragastrically administered B. longum subsp. infantis B6MNI (109 CFU/day/rat), a control group (CON), and a CIA group, both of which were intracardiacally administered the same volume of saline. Rats were sacrificed after short-term (ST, 4 weeks) or long-term (LT, 6 weeks) administration. The results indicate that B. longum subsp. infantis B6MNI can modulate the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, including 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), which in turn impacts the expression of Pim-1 and immune cell differentiation, then through the JAK-STAT3 pathway affects joint inflammation, regulates osteoclast differentiation factors, and delays the progression of RA. Our results also suggest that B. longum subsp. infantis B6MNI is most efficacious for the early or middle stages of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengfan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxun Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Gomes-Neto JC, Pavlovikj N, Korth N, Naberhaus SA, Arruda B, Benson AK, Kreuder AJ. Salmonella enterica induces biogeography-specific changes in the gut microbiome of pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1186554. [PMID: 37781286 PMCID: PMC10537282 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1186554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine are a major reservoir of an array of zoonotic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica lineage I serovars including Derby, Typhimurium, and 4,[5],12:i:- (a.k.a. Monophasic Typhimurium). In this study, we assessed the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome composition of pigs in different intestinal compartments and the feces following infection with specific zoonotic serovars of S. enterica (S. Derby, S. Monophasic, and S. Typhimurium). 16S rRNA based microbiome analysis was performed to assess for GI microbiome changes in terms of diversity (alpha and beta), community structure and volatility, and specific taxa alterations across GI biogeography (small and large intestine, feces) and days post-infection (DPI) 2, 4, and 28; these results were compared to disease phenotypes measured as histopathological changes. As previously reported, only S. Monophasic and S. Typhimurium induced morphological alterations that marked an inflammatory milieu restricted to the large intestine in this experimental model. S. Typhimurium alone induced significant changes at the alpha- (Simpson's and Shannon's indexes) and beta-diversity levels, specifically at the peak of inflammation in the large intestine and feces. Increased community dispersion and volatility in colonic apex and fecal microbiomes were also noted for S. Typhimurium. All three Salmonella serovars altered community structure as measured by co-occurrence networks; this was most prominent at DPI 2 and 4 in colonic apex samples. At the genus taxonomic level, a diverse array of putative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria were altered and often decreased during the peak of inflammation at DPI 2 and 4 within colonic apex and fecal samples. Among all putative SCFA producing bacteria, Prevotella showed a broad pattern of negative correlation with disease scores at the peak of inflammation. In addition, Prevotella 9 was found to be significantly reduced in all Salmonella infected groups compared to the control at DPI 4 in the colonic apex. In conclusion, this work further elucidates that distinct swine-related zoonotic serovars of S. enterica can induce both shared (high resilience) and unique (altered resistance) alterations in gut microbiome biogeography, which helps inform future investigations of dietary modifications aimed at increasing colonization resistance against Salmonella through GI microbiome alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Natasha Pavlovikj
- Holland Computing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Nate Korth
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Samantha A. Naberhaus
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bailey Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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