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Bloom JL, Wu EY. Update on antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis in children. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024:00002281-990000000-00124. [PMID: 38990100 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is often organ- or life-threatening in children and impacts them during important periods of psychosocial and physical development. This review covers recent advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of AAV in children and highlights the ongoing need for funding and increased research collaboration. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has improved our understanding of AAV disease pathogenesis, potentially identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Collaborative clinical studies have also highlighted the variable manifestations in children and identified potential factors associated with poorer outcomes. Consensus-based treatment guidelines are also appearing, but clinical trials are still essential to better understanding treatment efficacy and safety in children affected by AAV. New, validated outcome measures, including those that are patient-reported, will facilitate these much-needed clinical trials in pediatric AAV. SUMMARY There is a continued need for more rigorous study in pediatric AAV, however, there is certainly excitement with the increase in recent research relevant to the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bloom
- University of Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Denver, Colorado
| | - Eveline Y Wu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy/Immunology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Batnozic Varga M, Held M, Wagner J, Arvaj N, Sestan M, Sapina M, Kifer N, Grguric D, Crkvenac Gornik K, Gagro A, Frkovic M, Jelusic M. The Association of HMGB1 and RAGE Gene Polymorphisms with IgA Vasculitis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2268-2278. [PMID: 37902913 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that propagates inflammation by its extracellular action of interacting with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Both HMGB1 and RAGE play multiple roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We investigated the association of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HMGB1 gene (rs1412125, rs2249825, rs1045411, rs1060348, rs41369348) and four SNPs of the RAGE gene (rs1800624, rs1800625, rs2070600, rs3134940) with the susceptibility and clinical features of paediatric patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV), also known as Henoch-Schönlein's purpura. This case‒control study included 103 children with IgAV (experimental group) and 150 age-matched healthy individuals (control group). The strength of the association between different groups and alleles or genotypes of HMGB1 and RAGE was estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The HMGB1 polymorphisms rs41369348, rs1045411, rs2249825 and rs1412125 were associated with the development of generalized purpuric rash, and rs1412125 was associated with IgAV nephritis (IgAVN). The RAGE polymorphism rs2070600 might be linked to the development of arthritis in IgAV patients. There was no statistically significant association between the analysed polymorphisms and susceptibility to IgAV. This is the first study to propose an association between several HMGB1 and RAGE polymorphisms and different phenotypes in the clinical course of IgAV in a paediatric population. Further research on other polymorphisms of HMGB1 and RAGE should be conducted in a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Batnozic Varga
- Department of Paediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Held
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Centre of Reference for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology of Ministry of Health of the Republic Croatia, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nena Arvaj
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Sestan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Centre of Reference for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology of Ministry of Health of the Republic Croatia, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matej Sapina
- Department of Paediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nastasia Kifer
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Centre of Reference for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology of Ministry of Health of the Republic Croatia, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danica Grguric
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Centre of Reference for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology of Ministry of Health of the Republic Croatia, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Crkvenac Gornik
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Gagro
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Frkovic
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Centre of Reference for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology of Ministry of Health of the Republic Croatia, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Jelusic
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Centre of Reference for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology of Ministry of Health of the Republic Croatia, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Younger DS. Headaches and Vasculitis. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:389-432. [PMID: 38575258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Vasculitis refers to heterogeneous clinicopathologic disorders that share the histopathology of inflammation of blood vessels. Unrecognized and therefore untreated, vasculitis of the nervous system leads to pervasive injury and disability making this a disorder of paramount importance to all clinicians. Headache may be an important clue to vasculitic involvement of central nervous system (CNS) vessels. CNS vasculitis may be primary, in which only intracranial vessels are involved in the inflammatory process, or secondary to another known disorder with overlapping systemic involvement. Primary neurologic vasculitides can be diagnosed with assurance after intensive evaluation that incudes tissue confirmation whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neuroscience, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA.
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4
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Laskarin G, Babarovic E, Kifer N, Bulimbasic S, Sestan M, Held M, Frkovic M, Gagro A, Coric M, Jelusic M. Involvement of M1-Activated Macrophages and Perforin/Granulysin Expressing Lymphocytes in IgA Vasculitis Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2253. [PMID: 38396930 PMCID: PMC10889255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the polarisation of CD68+ macrophages and perforin and granulysin distributions in kidney lymphocyte subsets of children with IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN). Pro-inflammatory macrophage (M)1 (CD68/iNOS) or regulatory M2 (CD68/arginase-1) polarisation; spatial arrangement of macrophages and lymphocytes; and perforin and granulysin distribution in CD3+ and CD56+ cells were visulaised using double-labelled immunofluorescence. In contrast to the tubules, iNOS+ cells were more abundant than the arginase-1+ cells in the glomeruli. CD68+ macrophage numbers fluctuated in the glomeruli and were mostly labelled with iNOS. CD68+/arginase-1+ cells are abundant in the tubules. CD56+ cells, enclosed by CD68+ cells, were more abundant in the glomeruli than in the tubuli, and co-expressed NKp44. The glomerular and interstitial/intratubular CD56+ cells express perforin and granulysin, respectively. The CD3+ cells did not express perforin, while a minority expressed granulysin. Innate immunity, represented by M1 macrophages and CD56+ cells rich in perforin and granulysin, plays a pivotal role in the acute phase of IgAVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Laskarin
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism “Thalassotherapia-Opatija”, 51410 Opatija, Croatia
| | - Emina Babarovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Nastasia Kifer
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.K.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (M.F.); (M.J.)
| | - Stela Bulimbasic
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Mario Sestan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.K.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (M.F.); (M.J.)
| | - Martina Held
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.K.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (M.F.); (M.J.)
| | - Marijan Frkovic
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.K.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (M.F.); (M.J.)
| | - Alenka Gagro
- Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Marijana Coric
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marija Jelusic
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.K.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (M.F.); (M.J.)
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Rigante D, Guerriero C, Silvaroli S, Paradiso FV, Sodero G, Laferrera F, Franceschi F, Candelli M. Predictors of Gastrointestinal Involvement in Children with IgA Vasculitis: Results from a Single-Center Cohort Observational Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:215. [PMID: 38397327 PMCID: PMC10887107 DOI: 10.3390/children11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and objective: IgA vasculitis (IgAV), a predominantly pediatric leukocytoclastic disease, has an unpredictable, though largely benign, evolution. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate any potential clinical or laboratory predictors of gastrointestinal involvement in a single-center cohort of children with IgAV. Patients and methods: A total of 195 children with a history of IgAV, regularly followed-up for an average period of 1 ± 2.6 years via outpatients clinics of the pediatric rheumatology unit in our University, were assessed, analyzing their clinical and laboratory variables in relationship with their disease evolution and outcome. Results: Univariate analysis showed that a higher neutrophil granulocyte count and lower lymphocyte count (expressed as a percentage of the total white blood cells) were significantly associated with the presence of gastrointestinal involvement at the first examination (65.2 ± 13% versus 58.8 ± 12%, p = 0.02, and 26.4 ± 11% versus 32.1 ± 11%, p = 0.02, respectively). A positive pharyngeal swab for Streptococcus pyogenes, a deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a persistence of purpuric rash for more than 1 month, and purpuric lesions in the genital area were also associated with gastrointestinal involvement (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, multiple logistic regressions with correction for the patients' sex and age showed that lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, persistent rash, and genital lesions were independently and significantly associated with signs of gastrointestinal involvement. We then performed a secondary analysis (both univariate and multivariate) to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency was associated with other IgAV manifestations: we found that only 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency remained significantly associated with gastrointestinal involvement in IgAV. Conclusions: Patients with IgAV and vitamin D deficiency might be more prone to developing gastrointestinal manifestations of variable severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Rigante
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Guerriero
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Silvaroli
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Valentina Paradiso
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sodero
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Laferrera
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Di Vincenzo F, Ennas S, Pizzoferrato M, Bibbò S, Porcari S, Ianiro G, Cammarota G. Henoch-schonlein purpura following exposure to SARS-CoV2 vaccine or infection: a systematic review and a case report. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:13-37. [PMID: 37500944 PMCID: PMC10827835 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated systemic small-vessel vasculitis (IgAV) that typically presents with a variable tetrad of symptoms. HSP if often preceded by respiratory tract infections, vaccinations, drugs or malignancies. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic multiples cases of HSP have been described after both infection and vaccination for SARS-CoV2. This study aims to perform a systematic review of literature and describe an additional complicated case of de-novo HSP appeared after the administration of the third dose of a mRNA-SARS-CoV2 vaccination. METHODS Electronic bibliographic research was performed to identify all the original reports describing cases of de-novo HSP or IgAV appeared after respiratory infection or vaccine administration for SARS-CoV2. We included all case series or case reports of patients who respected our inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Thirty-eight publications met our pre-defined inclusion criteria, for an overall number of 44 patients. All patients presented with palpable purpura variable associated with arthralgia, abdominal pain or renal involvement. Increased levels of inflammation markers, mild leukocytosis and elevated D-dimer were the most common laboratory findings. Up to 50% of patients presented proteinuria and/or hematuria. Almost all skin biopsies showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, with IgA deposits at direct immunofluorescence in more than 50% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV2 vaccine or infection could play a role in the development of HSP. Current research suggests a possible role of IgA in immune hyperactivation, highlighted by early seroconversion to IgA found in some COVID-19 patients who develop IgA vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. go F. Vito 1, Roma, Italia
| | - Sara Ennas
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, Roma, Italia
| | - Marco Pizzoferrato
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, Roma, Italia.
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, Roma, Italia
| | - Serena Porcari
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, Roma, Italia
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. go F. Vito 1, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. go F. Vito 1, Roma, Italia
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Levanon S, Gotloib V, Kraus Y, Novofastovski I, Brikman S, Fawaz A, Egbaria M, Butbul Aviel Y, Balbir-Gurman A, Mader R, Bieber A. IgA vasculitis in adults, pediatrics and non-vasculitic IgA nephropathy, retrospective analysis from 2 centers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36521. [PMID: 38115301 PMCID: PMC10727533 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal involvement represents the major long-term morbidity associated with IgA vasculitis (IgAV). Our aim was to evaluate clinical characteristics and long-term renal outcomes of IgAV in pediatrics and adults comparing to IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Our retrospective study included children and adults with IgAV and IgAN patients, admitted in a 13-year period (2007-2019) to rheumatology clinics and in hospital pediatric and internal medicine departments. We compared frequencies of clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatments, long-term outcomes at 1 year follow-up, including all-cause mortality and dialysis until the end of follow-up time. A total of 60 adult IgAV, 60 pediatric IgAV and 45 IgAN patients were evaluated. Adult IgAV patients were significantly older than IgAN patients (53.1 ± 17.4 years vs 45.1 ± 15.7 years respectively, P = .02) and had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular comorbidities. The risk and time to dialysis were similar among IgAN and adult IgAV groups. Yet, overall mortality at long term follow up was higher in IgAV adult group compared to IgAN. No dialysis or renal transplantation were reported in pediatric IgAV patients. IgAV and IgAN adult patients were comparable regarding risk of end stage renal disease. Of note, high mortality rates were observed among adult IgAV group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Gotloib
- Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | | | - Shay Brikman
- Rheumatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Yonatan Butbul Aviel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Balbir-Gurman
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Rheumatology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reuven Mader
- Rheumatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amir Bieber
- Rheumatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Younger DS. Systemic vasculitis and headache. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:631-646. [PMID: 37865837 PMCID: PMC10624412 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vasculitis refers to heterogeneous clinicopathologic disorders that share the histopathology of inflammation of blood vessels. Unrecognized and therefore untreated, vasculitis of the nervous system or so called neurovasculitides, lead to pervasive injury and disability making these disorder of paramount importance to clinicians. RECENT FINDINGS Headache is an important clue to vasculitic involvement of central nervous system (CNS) vessels. CNS vasculitis may be primary, in which only intracranial vessels are involved in the inflammatory process, or secondary to another known disorder with overlapping systemic involvement. A suspicion of vasculitis based on the history, clinical examination, or laboratory studies warrants prompt evaluation and treatment to forestall progression and avert cerebral ischemia or infarction. There has been remarkable progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of primary adult and pediatric CNS vasculitides predicated on achievements in primary systemic forms. SUMMARY Vasculitis can be diagnosed with certainty after intensive evaluation that includes tissue confirmation whenever possible. Clinicians must choose from among the available immune modulating, suppressive, and targeted immunotherapies to induce and maintain remission status and prevent relapse, tempered by the recognition of anticipated medication side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neuroscience, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, New York, USA
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9
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Williams CEC, Lamond M, Marro J, Chetwynd AJ, Oni L. A narrative review of potential drug treatments for nephritis in children with IgA vasculitis (HSP). Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3189-3200. [PMID: 37755547 PMCID: PMC10640478 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (IgAV, also known as Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, HSP) is the most common vasculitis of childhood. It usually presents with a simple, self-limiting disease course; however, a small subset of patients may develop kidney involvement (IgAV-N) which occurs 4-12 weeks after disease onset and is the biggest contributor to long-term morbidity. Treatment currently targets patients with established kidney involvement; however; there is a desire to work towards early prevention of inflammation during the window of opportunity between disease presentation and onset of significant nephritis. There are no clinical trials evaluating drugs which may prevent or halt the progression of nephritis in children with IgAV apart from the early use of corticosteroids which have no benefit. This article summarises the latest scientific evidence and clinical trials that support potential therapeutic targets for IgAV-N that are currently being developed based on the evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of IgAV-N. These span the mucosal immunity, B-cell and T-cell modulation, RAAS inhibition, and regulation of complement pathways, amongst others. Novel drugs that may be considered for use in early nephritis include TRF-budesonide; B-cell inhibiting agents including belimumab, telitacicept, blisibimod, VIS649, and BION-1301; B-cell depleting agents such as rituximab, ofatumumab, and bortezomib; sparsentan; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is); and complement pathway inhibitors including avacopan, iptacopan, and narsoplimab. Further clinical trials, as well as pre-clinical scientific studies, are needed to identify mechanistic pathways as there may be an opportunity to prevent nephritis in this condition. Key Points • Kidney involvement is the main cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in IgA vasculitis despite the current treatment recommendations. • The evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of IgA vasculitis is allowing exploration of novel treatment options which target underlying immune pathways. • Novel treatments currently being trialled in IgA nephropathy may have benefit in IgA vasculitis due to the similarities in the underlying pathophysiology, such as TRF-budesonide, B-cell modulators, and complement inhibitors. • Further studies, including clinical trials of novel drugs, are urgently needed to improve the long-term outcomes for children with IgA vasculitis nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E C Williams
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trusts, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Megan Lamond
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julien Marro
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew J Chetwynd
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Oni
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute in the Park Building, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.
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Nie D, Zhan Y, Xu K, Zou H, Li K, Chen L, Chen Q, Zheng W, Peng X, Yu M, Zhang S. Artificial intelligence differentiates abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura from acute appendicitis in children. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:2534-2542. [PMID: 37905746 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct an artificial intelligence (AI) model capable of effectively discriminating between abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura (AHSP) and acute appendicitis (AA) in pediatric patients. METHODS A total of 6965 participants, comprising 2201 individuals with AHSP and 4764 patients with AA, were enrolled in the study. Additionally, 53 laboratory indicators were taken into consideration. Five distinct artificial intelligence (AI) models were developed employing machine learning algorithms, namely XGBoost, AdaBoost, Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), MLPClassifier (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM). The performance of these prediction models was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve assessment, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS We identified 32 discriminative indicators (p < .05) between AHSP and AA. Five indicators, namely the lymphocyte ratio (LYMPH ratio), eosinophil ratio (EO ratio), eosinophil count (EO count), neutrophil ratio (NEUT ratio), and C-reactive protein (CRP), exhibited strong performance in distinguishing AHSP from AA (AUC ≥ 0.80). Among the various prediction models, the XGBoost model displayed superior performance evidenced by the highest AUC (XGBoost = 0.895, other models < 0.89), accuracy (XGBoost = 0.824, other models < 0.81), and Kappa value (XGBoost = 0.621, other models < 0.60) in the validation set. After optimization, the XGBoost model demonstrated remarkable diagnostic performance for AHSP and AA (AUC > 0.95). Both the calibration curve and decision curve analysis suggested the promising clinical utility and net benefits of the XGBoost model. CONCLUSION The AI-based machine learning model exhibits high prediction accuracy and can differentiate AHSP and AA from a data-driven perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Nie
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yishan Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haibo Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kehao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weiming Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Younger DS. Primary central nervous system vasculitis and headache: Ten themes. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:647-658. [PMID: 37865827 PMCID: PMC10624409 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitides refers to clinicopathologic disorders that share the histopathology of inflammation of cerebral or spinal blood vessels. Unrecognized and therefore untreated, vasculitis of the CNS results in irreversible injury and disability making these disorders of paramount importance to clinicians. RECENT FINDINGS Headache is an important clue to vasculitic involvement of CNS vessels. CNS vasculitis can be primary, in which only intracranial or spinal vessels are involved in the inflammatory process, or secondary to another known disorder with overlapping systemic involvement. The suspicion of vasculitis based on the history, clinical examination, and laboratory studies warrants prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent cerebral ischemia or infarction. SUMMARY Primary CNS vasculitides can be diagnosed with certainty after intensive evaluation that includes tissue confirmation whenever possible. As in its systemic counterparts, clinicians must choose from among the available immune modulating, suppressive, and targeted immunotherapies to induce and maintain remission status and prevent relapse, tempered by anticipated medication adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neuroscience, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, New York, USA
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12
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Odingo M, Rutter M, Bowley J, Peach EJ, Lanyon PC, Grainge MJ, Stillwell P, McPhail S, Bythell M, Aston J, Stevens S, McCormack R, Brogan P, Pearce FA. The incidence of Kawasaki disease using hospital admissions data for England 2006-2021. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3117-3125. [PMID: 36715615 PMCID: PMC10473221 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence of Kawasaki Disease (kDa) between 2006 and 2021 in England. METHODS We identified all cases in hospital episode statistics with an ICD-10 diagnostic code M303 (for kDa) between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2021. We validated 83 diagnoses using hospital medical records and found >97% accuracy. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression and assessed the influence of age, sex, ethnicity and index of multiple deprivation (IMD). We used Office for National Statistics population estimates for England as the denominator. RESULTS We identified a total of 5908 cases of kDa in all children under the age of 16 (mean age 3.8, s.d.=3.2, 95% CI: 3.7, 3.9). Incidence in children aged <5 years was 8.9 (95% CI: 8.6, 9.2)/100 000 person-years; in children aged 5-9, 2.4 (95% CI: 2.3, 2.6)/100 000 person-years; and in children aged 10-15, 0.6 (95% CI: 0.6, 0.7). Male : female ratio was 1.5 : 1. Incidence was higher among non-White than White ethnicities [adjusted IRR 2.1 (2.0-2.2) for Asian, 3.0 (2.8-3.3) for Black and 4.5 (4.2-4.8) for other ethnicities]. The incidence increased with socioeconomic deprivation; the adjusted IRR of the least deprived IMD quintile compared with the most deprived quintile was 0.81 (0.77-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Incidence rates of kDa derived from hospital admission data in England were higher than in studies relying on clinician reporting. We confirm previous findings on the influence of sex and ethnicity on kDa incidence and observe that there was a higher incidence of kDa within more deprived socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron Odingo
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Megan Rutter
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Bowley
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emily J Peach
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter C Lanyon
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew J Grainge
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Stillwell
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sean McPhail
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Mary Bythell
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Jeanette Aston
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Stevens
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
| | - Rachael McCormack
- Societi Foundation—The UK Foundation for Kawasaki Disease, Newark, UK
| | - Paul Brogan
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Fiona A Pearce
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Leeds, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Sestan M, Kifer N, Sozeri B, Demir F, Ulu K, Silva CA, Campos RT, Batu ED, Koker O, Sapina M, Srsen S, Held M, Gagro A, Fonseca AR, Rodrigues M, Rigante D, Filocamo G, Baldo F, Heshin-Bekenstein M, Giani T, Kataja J, Frkovic M, Ruperto N, Ozen S, Jelusic M. Clinical features, treatment and outcome of pediatric patients with severe cutaneous manifestations in IgA vasculitis: Multicenter international study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 61:152209. [PMID: 37126983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IgA vasculitis (IgAV) (formerly Henoch-Schönlein Purpura, HSP) rarely causes severe skin lesions in children. The purpose of the research was to determine whether severe skin manifestations were associated with a more severe disease course. METHODS Severe cutaneous manifestations were defined as presence of hemorrhagic vesicles, bullae, ulcerations and/or necroses. Data were collected retrospectively from 12 international tertiary university medical centers. RESULTS A total of 64 patients with the most severe skin changes in IgAV/HSP and median (Q1, Q3) age of 8.08 (5.08, 11.92) years at the disease onset were compared with 596 IgAV/HSP patients without these manfiestations and median (Q1, Q3) age of 6.33 (4.50, 8.92) years. The patients with severe cutaneous manifestations were older in comparison to other patients with IgAV/HSP (p<0.001), they developed nephritis more frequently (40.6% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.001) with worse outcome of renal disease (p = 0.001). This group of patients also had higher frequencies of severe gastrointestinal complications like hematochezia, massive bleeding and/or intussusception (29.3% vs. 14.8%, p<0.001). d-dimer concentrations were significantly higher in these patients (4.60 mg/L vs. 2.72 mg/L, p = 0.003) and they had more frequent need for treatment with systemic glucocorticoids (84.4% vs. 37.2%, p<0.001) in comparison with the control group. Further multivariate analysis showed that severe cutaneous changes were associated with higher risk of developing nephritis [OR=3.1 (95%CI 1.04-9.21), p = 0.042] and severe gastrointestinal complications [OR=3.65 (95%CI 1.08-12.37), p = 0.038]. CONCLUSION Patients with IgAV/HSP and severe skin manifestations had a more severe clinical course and more frequently required glucocorticoids compared to classic IgAV/HSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sestan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nastasia Kifer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Betul Sozeri
- University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Demir
- University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadir Ulu
- University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, ICr-HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinan T Campos
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, ICr-HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ezgi Deniz Batu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oya Koker
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Marmara University-Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matej Sapina
- Department of Paediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Medical Faculty and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sasa Srsen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Split School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Held
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Gagro
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Medical Faculty Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Adriana Rodrigues Fonseca
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Donato Rigante
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Baldo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Merav Heshin-Bekenstein
- Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Janne Kataja
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marijan Frkovic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicolino Ruperto
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, UOSID centro trial, Genoa, Italy
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marija Jelusic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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14
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Célia de Souza Campos Fernandes R, Vieira Nunes D, Fragoso de Almeida N, da Cruz Assad Monteiro N, Amanda Maron Pimenta L, Medina-Acosta E. Henoch-Schönlein purpura in a 6-year-old boy after initial COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine X 2023:100333. [PMID: 37362023 PMCID: PMC10281031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health, and the widespread immunization of adults against SARS-CoV-2 has played a pivotal role in altering the course of the disease. While COVID-19 vaccine adverse events are generally uncommon and mild, the recent vaccination of the pediatric population has emphasized the need for vigilance and reporting of potential side effects. In this case report, we present a 6-year-old boy who developed Henoch-Schönlein purpura following the administration of the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT16B2b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, making it the earliest reported case of such an adverse event. Our report highlights the importance of continued monitoring and reporting of adverse events in pediatric patients receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as the need for prompt diagnosis and management of potential vaccine-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Célia de Souza Campos Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Avenida Alberto Torres 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28035-581, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Daniela Vieira Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Avenida Alberto Torres 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28035-581, Brazil
| | - Nathália Fragoso de Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Avenida Alberto Torres 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28035-581, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Amanda Maron Pimenta
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Avenida Alberto Torres 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28035-581, Brazil
| | - Enrique Medina-Acosta
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
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15
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Zhu Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Jin J, Ma Y. Adding Methylprednisolone and Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy Provides No Benefit in Pediatric IgAV Nephritis Grade III. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:615-621. [PMID: 36475327 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221142782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis (IgAV) nephritis is a common form of secondary pediatric glomerulonephritis, there is no consensus on an appropriate therapeutic regimen for moderate-to-severe pediatric IgAV nephritis grade III or the effectiveness of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. The objective is to evaluate the efficacy and renal outcomes of methylprednisolone pulse therapy with or without cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for grade III IgAV nephritis in children. This retrospective, single-center study included 115 children with IgAV nephritis grade III. The primary endpoint was proteinuria reduction from moderate or severe levels to a normal level. The secondary endpoint was stable renal function, that is, an increase of less than 25% from the baseline creatinine level over the 4-month follow-up period. Among 115 children with IgAV nephritis grade III, 59 received methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide double-pulse treatment; methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide double-pulses did not significantly improve proteinuria remission. Proteinuria improvement did not show any difference with or without cyclophosphamide treatment. Furthermore, methylprednisolone pulse therapy showed no benefit over steroid therapy alone. The demographic and baseline disease characteristics among the treatment groups were well-balanced. The rates of complete remission in 24-hour proteinuria excretion over the 4-month follow-up period in the methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide double-pulse, methylprednisolone plus oral prednisolone, and oral prednisolone-only groups were 91.52%, 92.31%, and 100%, respectively. Renal function remained stable in all the patients. Most patients with IgAV nephritis grade III showed a good prognosis. However, the addition of methylprednisolone and/or cyclophosphamide pulses did not offer benefits over steroid-only therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaju Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Younger DS. Adult and childhood vasculitis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:653-705. [PMID: 37562892 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Vasculitis refers to heterogeneous clinicopathologic disorders that share the histopathology of inflammation of blood vessels. Unrecognized and therefore untreated, vasculitis of the nervous system leads to pervasive injury and disability, making this a disorder of paramount importance to all clinicians. There has been remarkable progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of primary CNS and PNS vasculitides, predicated on achievement in primary systemic forms. Primary neurological vasculitides can be diagnosed with assurance after intensive evaluation that incudes tissue confirmation whenever possible. Clinicians must choose from among the available immune modulating, suppressive, and targeted immunotherapies to induce and maintain remission status and prevent relapse, unfortunately without the benefit of RCTs, and tempered by the recognition of anticipated medication side effects. It may be said that efforts to define a disease are attempts to understand the very concept of the disease. This has been especially evident in systemic and neurological disorders associated with vasculitis. For the past 100 years, since the first description of granulomatous angiitis of the brain, the CNS vasculitides have captured the attention of generations of clinical investigators around the globe to reach a better understanding of vasculitides involving the central and peripheral nervous system. Since that time it has become increasingly evident that this will necessitate an international collaborative effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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17
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Theisen A, Phillips CL, Rodriguez M. ANCA-associated vasculitis with cardiac valve vegetations in two teenage males: two case reports and a literature review. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:94. [PMID: 36307821 PMCID: PMC9616620 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a term used to describe systemic vasculitides that affect small and medium-sized blood vessels. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), a type of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), is rare in children with an estimated prevalence of 3-4 per million, and even more rare is the manifestation of cardiac abnormalities secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis in the pediatric population. CASE PRESENTATION We discuss the cases of two teenage males who presented with cardiac valvular lesions secondary to GPA in addition to sinus, pulmonary, renal, and cutaneous involvement. These findings of cardiac valvular abnormalities in GPA have rarely been described in the literature in pediatrics. Both patients were treated with rituximab, high-dose methylprednisolone, and therapeutic plasma exchange and showed improvement in their disease manifestations. CONCLUSIONS A review of the literature revealed only five pediatric cases of ANCA-associated vasculitis with cardiac manifestations, and interestingly, three of the five had valvular involvement. Subsequent valvular involvement makes obtaining the diagnosis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis difficult due to concern for underlying infectious endocarditis and can lead to misdiagnosis given the rarity of cardiac involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Routine echocardiogram is not always completed in newly diagnosed AAV, yet cardiac involvement can lead to severe consequences as was seen with our first patient in the form of thromboembolic stroke. We discuss the importance of keeping AAV on the differential when cardiac lesions are present as well as the importance of regular cardiac screening in newly diagnosed patients with AAV, as it is a major factor of cardiac morbidity and mortality in the adult population and can contribute substantially to management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Theisen
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1200 West Michigan Street Suite 201, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA. .,Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, Glennon Hall RM 3713, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63104, USA.
| | - Carrie L. Phillips
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 USA
| | - Martha Rodriguez
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Pediatric Rheumatology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1200 West Michigan Street Suite 201, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 USA
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18
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Wang J, Chu H, Pan Y. Prediction of renal damage in children with IgA vasculitis based on machine learning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31135. [PMID: 36281102 PMCID: PMC9592501 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is objected to explore the value of machine learning algorithm in predicting the risk of renal damage in children with IgA vasculitis by constructing a predictive model and analyzing the related risk factors of IgA vasculitis Nephritis in children. Case data of 288 hospitalized children with IgA vasculitis from November 2018 to October 2021 were collected. The data included 42 indicators such as demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, etc. Univariate feature selection was used for feature extraction, and logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree and random forest (RF) algorithms were used separately for classification prediction. Lastly, the performance of four algorithms is compared using accuracy rate, recall rate and AUC. The accuracy rate, recall rate and AUC of the established RF model were 0.83, 0.86 and 0.91 respectively, which were higher than 0.74, 0.80 and 0.89 of the logistic regression model; higher than 0.70, 0.80 and 0.89 of SVM model; higher than 0.74, 0.80 and 0.81 of the decision tree model. The top 10 important features provided by RF model are: Persistent purpura ≥4 weeks, Cr, Clinic time, ALB, WBC, TC, Relapse, TG, Recurrent purpura and EB-DNA. The model based on RF algorithm has better performance in the prediction of children with IgA vasculitis renal damage, indicated by better classification accuracy, better classification effect and better generalization performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huimin Chu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yueli Pan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, PR China
- * Correspondence: Yueli Pan, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China (e-mail: )
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19
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Bi Y, Quan W, Hao W, Sun R, Li L, Jiang C, Tian L, Liu L, Liu J, Li X, Li T. A simple nomogram for assessing the risk of IgA vasculitis nephritis in IgA vasculitis Asian pediatric patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16809. [PMID: 36207379 PMCID: PMC9547060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A nomogram for assessing the risk of IgA vasculitis nephritis (originally termed Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis, HSPN) in IgA vasculitis (originally termed Henoch–Schönlein purpura, HSP) pediatric patients can effectively improve early diagnosis and prognosis of IgA vasculitis nephritis. However, currently, no nomogram is available. 246 IgA vasculitis and 142 IgA vasculitis nephritis Asian pediatric patients confirmed by renal biopsy were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the independent risk factors and construct a series of predictive models. The receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot, decision curve analysis, net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index were used to screen the best model. Stratification analysis was applied to optimize model’s clinical utility. An external validation set was introduced to verify the predictive efficiency. The final predictive model was converted to nomogram for visual use. We identified age, duration of rash (Dor), D-dimer and IgG as independent risk factors and constructed four models as follows: AIDD (Age + IgG + Dor + D-dimer), AIDi (Age + IgG + D-dimer), AIDo (Age + IgG + Dor) and ADD (Age + Dor + D-dimer), which achieved the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.931, 0.920, 0.856 and 0.907, respectively. Finally, AIDi model with an AUROC of 0.956 and 0.897 in internal and external validating sets was proposed as a novel predictive model. In stratification analysis by gender and histological grade, the AUROC of AIDi was 0.949 in female, 0.926 in male, 0.933 in mild histological grades and 0.939 in severe histological grades, respectively. AIDi nomogram is an effective and visual tool for assessing the risk of nephritis in IgA vasculitis Asian pediatric patients, regardless of IgA vasculitis nephritis histological grades and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Bi
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lingling Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
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20
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Casini F, Magenes VC, De Sanctis M, Gattinara M, Pandolfi M, Cambiaghi S, Zuccotti GV, Fabiano V. Henoch-Schönlein purpura following COVID-19 vaccine in a child: a case report. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:158. [PMID: 36056360 PMCID: PMC9437414 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated small vessel vasculitis, typical of childhood. It’s a self-limiting disease and it affects different systems. HSP is characterized by dermatological, abdominal, joint and renal clinical manifestations. This condition usually occurs upon infections, mainly upper respiratory tract ones, medications, vaccinations and malignancies. Case presentation We describe the case of a 11 year-old girl who developed a urticarial rash 12 days after the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT16B2b2 mRNA vaccine and a clear picture of Henoch Schönlein purpura 5 days after administration of the second dose of the same vaccine. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first description of a pediatric patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura occurring in association with vaccination against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Casini
- Pediatric Department, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Marina De Sanctis
- Primary Care Pediatrician, ASST Ovest Milan, ATS MILAN, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Pandolfi
- Pediatric Rheumatology Department, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cambiaghi
- Unit of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Maggiore Policlinic Hospital, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Basu K, Addya S, Mukherjee S, Sengupta M, Pandey R, Chatterjee G, Bandopadhyay M. Clinicopathological Spectrum of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Vasculitis: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Center. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2022; 33:693-701. [PMID: 37955461 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.389429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis with multiorgan involvement. Renal involvement is the key factor predicting morbidity. We have aimed to analyze the clinicopathological spectrum of HSP vasculitis and HSP nephritis to assess the risk factors associated with kidney involvement. This retrospective study was performed in the department of pathology with collaboration of department of dermatology and department of nephrology of a tertiary care center. All clinical details along with biopsy findings were retrieved. Starting materials of the study were cases of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with only perivascular IgA deposit of more than ++ in the absence of other immunoglobulin and trace complements. To investigate the possible factors that are influential on the development of biopsy-proven HSP nephritis, we divided the whole study population in two groups -group 1: with and group 2: without biopsy-proven nephritis. One-way analysis of variance was carried out during comparative analysis between two groups using IBM SPSS statistics software, version 19 and MedCalc software, version 12.3.0.0. HSP vasculitis comprised 11.6% (n = 19) of total cutaneous vasculitis in 2 years (164 cases) with a mean age of 13.52 ± 8.10 (range: 4-33 years). Three cases developed de novo kidney disease (15.79%). A correlation analysis revealed that predictors were seasonal variation (P = 0.018), severe gastrointestinal involvement (P = 0.03), and subcutaneous edema (P = 0.005). Various clinical and laboratory parameters were associated with renal consequences. Occult nephritis was the most common presentation with crescent as a constant histopathological feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Basu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soma Addya
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sriranjan Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Sengupta
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajendra Pandey
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gobinda Chatterjee
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manimoy Bandopadhyay
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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22
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Zhan Y, Wu M, Li K, Chen Q, Li N, Zheng W, Zhu Y, Peng X, Zhang S, Tao Q. Development and Validation of a Differential Diagnosis Model for Acute Appendicitis and Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2022; 35:86-94. [PMID: 35723658 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2021.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study and develop a predictive model for the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) and Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) in children and to validate the model internally and externally. Methods: The complete data of AA and HSP cases were retrospectively analyzed and divided into internal and external verification groups. SPSS software was used for single-factor analysis and screening of independent variables, and R software was used for the development and verification of the diagnostic model. Lasso regression analysis was used to screen predictors and Lasso-logistic regression model was constructed, and K-fold cross-validation was used for the internal verification. In addition, nonfever patients were selected for model development and validation in the same way. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were drawn, respectively, to evaluate the 2 models. Results: Internal development and validation of the model showed that fever, neutrophil ratio (NEUT%), albumin (ALB), direct bilirubin (DBIL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and K were predictive factors for the diagnosis of HSP. The model was presented in the form of a nomogram, and the area under ROC curve of the development group and verification group was 0.9462 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9402-0.9522) and 0.8931 (95% CI = 0.8724-0.9139), respectively. In the model of patients without fever, NEUT%, platelets (PLT), ALB, DBIL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CRP, and K were predictive factors for the diagnosis of HSP, and the area under ROC curve of the development group and verification group was 0.9186 (95% CI = 0.908-0.9293) and 0.8591 (95% CI = 0.8284-0.8897), respectively. Conclusion: In this study, 2 diagnostic models were constructed for fever or not, both of which had good discrimination and calibration, and were helpful to distinguish AA and HSP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kehao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nuoya Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiming Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yourong Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
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23
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Bailleux S, Collins P, Nikkels AF. The Relevance of Skin Biopsies in General Internal Medicine: Facts and Myths. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:1103-1119. [PMID: 35430724 PMCID: PMC9110592 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-dermatology medical specialties may refer patients for skin biopsies, searching for a particular diagnosis. However, the diagnostic impact of the skin biopsy is not clearly established. This article aims to assess the indications for, and evaluate the clinical relevance of, skin biopsies in non-dermatology medical specialties. Methods A questionnaire was sent to 23 non-dermatology specialty departments in a university medical center, requesting a list of indications for skin biopsies, as well as to 10 staff dermatologists to collect the indications of skin biopsies requested by non-dermatology specialties. Once the indications were collected, a literature search was performed to evaluate their clinical value and relevance. Results Eleven non-dermatology specialties provided a list of skin biopsy indications, to which staff dermatologists added seven more indications. A literature search revealed evidence-based medicine data for six diseases, that is, amyloidosis, peripheral autonomic neuropathy, Sneddon’s syndrome, intravascular lymphoma, sarcoidosis, and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Results were questionable concerning infectious endocarditis, acute graft-versus-host-disease, and the lupus band test. Skin biopsy were not evidenced as useful for the diagnosis of calciphylaxis, systemic scleroderma, Behçet’s disease, or hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. For the diagnosis of Alport’s syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, skin biopsy is currently outperformed by genetic analyses. For diagnoses such as Henoch–Schönlein purpura and Sjögren’s syndrome, skin biopsy represents an additional item among other diagnostic criteria. Conclusion The usefulness of skin biopsy as requested by non-dermatology specialties is only evidenced for amyloidosis, peripheral autonomic neuropathy, Sneddon’s syndrome, intravascular lymphoma, sarcoidosis, chronic graft-versus-host-disease, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, and Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bailleux
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre, CHU du Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Collins
- Department of Dermatopathology, University Hospital Centre, CHU du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arjen F Nikkels
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre, CHU du Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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24
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Wen M, Dang X, Feng S, He Q, Li X, Liu T, He X. Integrated Analyses of Gut Microbiome and Host Metabolome in Children With Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:796410. [PMID: 35145922 PMCID: PMC8821812 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.796410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbes and metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. However, whether and how they are related to Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) has yet to be understood. This work is designed to detect gut microbes, intestinal and serum metabolites in children with HSP, trying to discover the etiology and pathogenesis of HSP. A total of 86 children were recruited in this study, namely, 58 children with HSP (HSP group) and 28 healthy children as control groups (CON group). 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology and UPLC-QTOF/MS non-targeted metabolomics analysis were used to detect the intestinal microbes and metabolites, and also multi-reaction monitoring technology for detecting serum arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites. Then, correlation analysis was performed to explore the possible interaction between the differential gut microbes and metabolites. As a result, at the microbiota family level, the CON group had an advantage of Coriobacteriaceae while the HSP group had a dominant Bacteroidaceae. Five kinds of bacteria in the HSP group were significantly enriched at the genus level, and seven kinds of bacteria were significantly enriched in the CON group. A total of 59 kinds of gut metabolites significantly differ between the two groups, in which most are lipids and peptides. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Bacteroides, Dialister, and Agathobacter were associated with unsaturated fatty acids, especially AA metabolism. Then, we tested the AA related metabolites in serum and found thromboxane B2, leukotriene B4, prostaglandin D2, 9S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid significantly changed. In conclusion, children with HSP had dominant Bacteroidaceae and decreased Coriobacteriaceae in the family level of gut microbes, and also lipids and peptides changed most in the gut metabolites. Our data suggested that the biosynthesis and metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids, especially AA and its metabolites, might participate in the occurrence and development of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiqiang Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shipin Feng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Taohua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojie He,
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25
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Liu C, Luo L, Fu M, Li Z, Liu J. Analysis of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura secondary to infection. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:803-810. [PMID: 34993728 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-06007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common childhood vasculitis, infection is the most essential inducement. We hypothesized that infection could impact the blood routine characteristics and/or outcome of vasculitis. Thus, we aim to find the most common infectious agent in HSP patients and identify convenient indicators to predict renal involvement in HSP patients with infection. METHOD We conducted a retrospective study of 208 HSP children and 98 healthy children. Clinical parameters were compared in those cases. RESULTS A total of 68.75% of patients were infected with various pathogens. The mean platelet volume (MPV) (P < 0.02) was lower in HSP patients with infection than patients without infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection accounted for the largest proportion (45.77%). MPV in HSP nephritis (HSPN) group was lower than in HSP patients (excluded renal involvement) in patients with MP infection. Logistic regression analysis found that age and MPV were risk factors for the occurrence of MP-infected HSPN. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the combination of MPV with the onset age at the optimal cut-off point had 81% sensitivity in predicting whether HSP patients with MP infection would develop into HSPN. CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed that MP was the most commonly infected pathogen of children's HSP. MPV was an essential predictor of nephritis in HSP patients with MP infection. This discovery can prompt clinical treatments as well as reduce costs. Key Points • Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) accounts for the largest proportion in HSP children with infection. • MPV can be used as a predictor for the development of MP-triggered HSP to HSPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China.
| | - Lingli Luo
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Min Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Jianlong Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
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26
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Tan J, Zhong Z, Tang Y, Qin W. Intestinal dysbiosis featuring abundance of Streptococcus associates with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (IgA vasculitis with nephritis) in adult. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:10. [PMID: 34979948 PMCID: PMC8722171 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is closely associated with mucosal infection. But whether intestinal microbiota dysbiosis plays a role in it is not clear. Methods A total of 52 participants including 26 HSPN patients and 26 healthy controls were included. By using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, the intestinal microbiota composition between HSPN and healthy controls was compared. The diagnostic potency was evaluated by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with area under curves (AUC). Meanwhile, correlation analysis was also performed. Results The lower community richness and diversity of fecal microbiota was displayed in HSPN patients and the structure of gut microbiota was remarkedly different. A genus-level comparison indicated a significant increase in the proportions of g-Bacteroides, g-Escherichia–Shigella and g-Streptococcus, and a marked reduction of g-Prevotella_9 in HSPN patients, suggesting that the overrepresentation of potential pathogens and reduction of profitable strains were the main feature of the dysbiosis. The differential taxonomic abundance might make sense for distinguishing HSPN from healthy controls, with AUC of 0.86. The relative abundance of the differential bacteria was also concerned with clinical indices. Among them, Streptococcus spp. was positively associated with the severity of HSPN (P < 0.050). It was found that HSPN patients with higher level of Streptococcus spp. were more likely to suffering from hematuria and hypoalbuminemia (P < 0.050). Conclusions The dysbiosis of gut microbiota was obvious in HSPN patients, and the intestinal mucosal streptococcal infection was distinctive, which was closely related to its severity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-021-02638-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Tan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengxia Zhong
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Tang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Qin
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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27
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Pediatric cardiothoracic vasculitis: multimodality imaging review. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:1895-1909. [PMID: 35790558 PMCID: PMC9256530 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The pediatric vasculitides are a relatively uncommon and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by vessel inflammation, often with cardiothoracic involvement. Diagnosis and monitoring are often clinically challenging because of the nonspecific symptoms and laboratory markers. Thus, imaging has assumed increasing importance for early detection of disease activity, extent and complications as well as long-term monitoring pre- and post-treatment. Herein, we review the major pediatric vasculitides with frequent chest manifestations, including Takayasu arteritis, Kawasaki disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, Behçet disease and potential mimics. We highlight key clinical features and management considerations, emphasizing the central role of imaging.
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28
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Kong Z, Zheng J, Wu J, Ou J, Zhou X, Huang H. Efficacy and safety of Xijiao Dihuang decoction in treating Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Study protocol for systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28291. [PMID: 34941115 PMCID: PMC8701453 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Henoch-Schönlein purpura is one of the most common systemic vascular inflflammatory disease in childhood with purpuric rash, arthritis, renal involvement, and abdominal pain. As a treatment for it, Xijiao Dihuang decoction, a traditional herbal formula, has been used. The object of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effificacy and safety on Xijiao Dihuang decoction in treating allergic purpura. METHODS The following electronic databases will be systematically searched up to November 7, 2019 for eligible studies: The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Biomedical LiteratureDatabase (CBM), the Chinese Scientifific Journal Database (VIP), andtheWanfang Database. Thetreatment group in the included studies will receive both routine western medicines and Xijiao Dihuang decoction, while the control group will receive routine western medicines. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments will be conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Heterogeneity will be assessed by I2 statistics, while reporting bias will be evaluated by funnel plots and Begg and Egger test. Sensitivity analysis and Subgroup analysis will be performed when necessary. Review Manager software (RevManV.5.3.0) and Stata will be used for all statistical analyses. Ethics approval is not required as no privacy data were involved. This systematic review and meta analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. RESULTS This study could provide a systematically evaluated therapeutic efficacy and safety of XJDHD on patients with HSP via including RCTs that matches the needs. And we also expect to find predictors of treatment through subgroup analysis, helping patients with HSP detect as well as cope with the disease as early as possible. CONCLUSION The conclusion of our study will provide the systematical review of the efficacy and safety of XJDHD on patients with HSP, and provide predictors of treatment. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD 42018111293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Kong
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaming Zheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- The Seventh Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhao Ou
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
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Infective Endocarditis-Associated Purpura and Glomerulonephritis Mimicking IgA Vasculitis: A Diagnostic Pitfall. Am J Med 2021; 134:1539-1545.e1. [PMID: 34343512 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purpura and glomerulonephritis are typical presentations in IgA vasculitis. Infective endocarditis mimicking IgA vasculitis by presenting with glomerulonephritis and purpura is rarely reported. METHODS We searched for cases with infective endocarditis-associated purpura and glomerulonephritis in a tertiary hospital in China and retrospectively reviewed their clinicopathological features. Differential diagnosis and treatment in patients with infective endocarditis-associated purpura and glomerulonephritis were discussed. RESULTS A total of 20 cases with infective endocarditis-associated purpura and glomerulonephritis were identified among 548 cases with infective endocarditis in our center during an 8-year period: 7 of the 20 cases (35%) were initially misdiagnosed as IgA vasculitis and 10 cases (50%) presented with left-sided endocarditis caused by Streptococcus viridans. Fever (100%, 20 out of 20), prior valvular deformities (80%, 16 out of 20), cardiac murmur (95%, 19 out of 20), splenomegaly (84%, 16 out of 19), embolism (55%, 11 out of 20), and hypocomplementemia (76%, 13 out of 17) were present in most patients. Crescents and mesangial hypercellularity with or without endothelial hypercellularity were the primary findings on light microscopy, with C3-dominant deposition on immunofluorescence. But IgA-dominant staining was also observed (40%, 2 out of 5). In patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, patients with complete recovery of renal function had shorter disease duration and higher ratio (67% vs 20%) of immunosuppressive therapy compared with patients with partial recovery. CONCLUSIONS Infective endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis and purpura can closely mimic IgA vasculitis. Differential diagnosis is challenging, particularly when typical presentations of infective endocarditis are absent. In adults with presentations like IgA vasculitis, infective endocarditis should be evaluated through comprehensive clinical and pathological investigations. Immunosuppressive therapy can be considered in patients with severe glomerulonephritis who do not improve after proper anti-infective therapy.
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Maye JA, Chong HP, Rajagopal V, Petchey W. Reactivation of IgA vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/11/e247188. [PMID: 34848431 PMCID: PMC8634214 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 23-year-old man presented to the acute assessment unit with acute-onset haematuria within 24 hours of receiving his second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. He had been diagnosed with IgA vasculitis 8 months previously. IgA vasculitis is an autoimmune condition characterised by palpable purpura affecting the lower limbs, abdominal pain, arthralgia and renal disease. He was diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of IgA vasculitis and was discharged with oral prednisolone. Reactivation or first presentation of IgA vasculitis is a rare but increasingly recognised complication of COVID-19 vaccination. This is an important new differential in the assessment of patients with haematuria following COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Maye
- Department of General Medicine, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Hsu Pheen Chong
- Department of General Medicine, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK.,Department of Nephrology, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Vivek Rajagopal
- Department of General Medicine, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - William Petchey
- Department of General Medicine, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK.,Department of Nephrology, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungIm Gebiet der Kinderrheumatologie gab es in den letzten Jahrzehnten immense
Fortschritte, die sowohl die Diagnostik, als auch die Therapie nachhaltig
verbessert haben. Obwohl erst seit 2003 in Deutschland offiziell als
Zusatzbezeichnung anerkannt, stehen heutzutage über 200 Kinder- und
Jugendrheumatologen (d. h. 1,4 Kinderrheumatologen pro 100 000
Kinder) für die Erkennung und Behandlung von rheumatischen Erkrankungen
bei Kindern und Jugendlichen bundesweit zur Verfügung. Neue Erkenntnisse
in der Pathogenese rheumatischer Erkrankungen und die sich stetig
weiterentwickelnde genetische Diagnostik haben das rheumatische
Krankheitsspektrum und die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten dramatisch erweitert
Internationale Forschungsnetzwerke und eine spezielle Gesetzgebung für
die Entwicklung von pädiatrischen Medikamenten führten zur
Zulassung von zahlreichen neuen Rheumamedikamenten, deren Sicherheit im
klinischen Alltag seit der Jahrtausendwende systematisch in Deutschland
untersucht wird. Maßnahmen zur Sicherung der Versorgungsqualität
wurden implementiert, Standardinstrumente zur Bewertung der
Krankheitsaktivität und Krankheitslast aus Patientensicht
eingeführt sowie Initiativen zur Verbesserung der Versorgung Betroffener
(z. B. die ProKind-Initiative) auf den Weg gebracht. Diese
Veränderungen haben die Prognose und Lebensperspektive rheumakranker
Kinder und Jugendlicher verbessert, wenngleich noch weiterer Optimierungsbedarf
besteht.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes-Peter Haas
- German Center for Rheumatology in Children and
Adolescents/Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und
Jugendrheumatologie Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Garmisch-Partenkirchen,
Deutschland
- Center for treatment of pain in young people/Zentrum
für Schmerztherapie junger Menschen, Deutschland
| | - Kirsten Minden
- Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Pulmonologie,
Immunologie und Intensivmedizin Charitè Centrum17,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,
Deutschland
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin,
Deutschland
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Cannon L, Wu EY. Recent Advances in Pediatric Vasculitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 47:781-796. [PMID: 34635304 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the clinical presentation and diagnosis of select pediatric primary systemic vasculitides. Important advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these rare diseases also are discussed and efforts to harmonize treatment through consensus-based guidelines and multicenter and international collaborations highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cannon
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, DUMC Box 3212, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eveline Y Wu
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 030 MacNider Hall, CB #7231, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Sirufo MM, Raggiunti M, Magnanimi LM, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Following the First Dose of COVID-19 Viral Vector Vaccine: A Case Report. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101078. [PMID: 34696186 PMCID: PMC8539285 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 76 year-old female came to our observation one week after the vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 for the onset of purpuric rash on her gluteal and legs regions associated with coxalgia and episodes of macrohaematuria. Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) was diagnosed on the basis of the revised criteria developed by the European League Against Rheumatism, the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization, and the Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (EULAR/PRINTO/PRES). HSP is a common IgA-mediated small vessel vasculitis, typical of childhood, that affects several systems and is characterized by a tetrad of dermatological, abdominal, joint, and renal manifestations. The Etiology of HSP is not completely understood, but it was observed following upper respiratory tract infections, medications, vaccinations, and malignancies. HSP has previously been reported following immunization with various vaccines, mostly within 12 weeks post, suggesting a possible correlation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the possible association between COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 and the onset of HSP in a previously healthy woman. No similar cases were reported amongst 23.848 participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (M.R.); (L.M.M.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Martina Raggiunti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (M.R.); (L.M.M.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lina Maria Magnanimi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (M.R.); (L.M.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (M.R.); (L.M.M.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (M.R.); (L.M.M.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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34
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Brogan PA, Arch B, Hickey H, Anton J, Iglesias E, Baildam E, Mahmood K, Cleary G, Moraitis E, Papadopoulou C, Beresford MW, Riley P, Demir S, Ozen S, Culeddu G, Hughes DA, Dolezalova P, Hampson LV, Whitehead J, Jayne D, Ruperto N, Tudur-Smith C, Eleftheriou D. Mycophenolate Mofetil Versus Cyclophosphamide for Remission Induction in Childhood Polyarteritis Nodosa: An Open-Label, Randomized, Bayesian Noninferiority Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1673-1682. [PMID: 33760371 DOI: 10.1002/art.41730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is used in clinical practice off-label for the induction of remission in childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) might offer a less toxic alternative. This study was undertaken to explore the relative effectiveness of CYC and MMF treatment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS This was an international, open-label, Bayesian RCT to investigate the relative effectiveness of CYC and MMF for remission induction in childhood PAN. Eleven patients with newly diagnosed childhood PAN were randomized (1:1) to receive MMF or intravenous CYC; all patients received the same glucocorticoid regimen. The primary end point was remission within 6 months while compliant with glucocorticoid taper. Bayesian distributions for remission rates were established a priori for MMF and CYC by experienced clinicians and updated to posterior distributions on trial completion. RESULTS Baseline disease activity and features were similar between the 2 treatment groups. The primary end point was met in 4 of 6 patients (67%) in the MMF group and 4 of 5 patients (80%) in the CYC group. Time to remission was shorter in the MMF group compared to the CYC group (median 7.1 weeks versus 17.6 weeks). No relapses occurred in either group within 18 months. Two serious infections were found to be likely linked to MMF treatment. Physical and psychosocial quality-of-life scores were superior in the MMF group compared to the CYC group at 6 months and 18 months. Combining the prior expert opinion with results from the present study provided posterior estimates of remission of 71% for MMF (90% credibility interval [90% CrI] 51, 83) and 75% for CYC (90% CrI 57, 86). CONCLUSION The present results, taken together with prior opinion, indicate that rates of remission induction in childhood PAN are similar with MMF treatment and CYC treatment, and MMF treatment might be associated with better health-related quality of life than CYC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brogan
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Eileen Baildam
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kamran Mahmood
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gavin Cleary
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elena Moraitis
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Phil Riley
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Seza Ozen
- Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Pavla Dolezalova
- General University Hospital in Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Ruperto
- Instituto Giannina Gaslini, IRCCS, UOSID Centro Trial, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Despina Eleftheriou
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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35
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Jia S, Liu L, Ma J, Chen X. Application progress of multiple imaging modalities in Takayasu arteritis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:3591-3601. [PMID: 34287748 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-021-02348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic, idiopathic, granulomatous large vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology. The clinical manifestations of TA are incredibly variable, mainly depending on the location of the lesions. In the light of its insidious progress and the diversity of clinical manifestations, a substantial proportion of patients might experience a considerable delay in diagnosis, which leads to irreversible malignant complications, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. There has been accumulating evidence that early identification of disease is pivotal to initiate timely therapy and ameliorate the prognosis. Therefore, this review discusses and summarizes the latest evidence on the application progress of multiple imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang No.37, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang No.37, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang No.37, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang No.37, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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36
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Sayad E, Vogel TP, Guillerman RP, Spielberg D, McNeill DM, De Guzman M, Orman G, Silva-Carmona M. Pulmonary manifestations and outcomes in paediatric ANCA-associated vasculitis: a single-centre experience. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3199-3208. [PMID: 33355338 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) usually involves the renal and respiratory systems, but the paediatric literature on pulmonary manifestations and outcomes is limited. We aimed to describe pulmonary manifestations and outcomes after therapy in a cohort of paediatric AAV (pAAV) patients. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all patients <19 years presenting to our institution with AAV between 1/2008 and 2/2018 was conducted. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, therapy and pulmonary outcomes over the first 3 years after presentation were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 38 patients were included; all had ANCA positivity by immunofluorescence. A total of 23 had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 13 had granulomatosis with polyangiitis and 2 had eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. A total of 30 (79%) had pulmonary manifestations, with cough (73%) and pulmonary haemorrhage (67%) being the most common. Abnormalities were noted in 82% of chest CT scans reviewed, with nodules and ground-glass opacities being the most common. At 6, 12 and 36 months follow-up, respectively, 61.8%, 39.4% and 29% of patients continued to show pulmonary manifestations. Five MPA patients with re-haemorrhage are described in detail. CONCLUSION MPA was more common than granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with pulmonary involvement being common in both. MPA patients had more severe pulmonary manifestations. Chest CT revealed abnormal findings in a majority of cases. A subgroup of young MPA patients experienced repeat pulmonary haemorrhage. Treatment modality and response were comparable in different subtypes of AAV, except for this young MPA group. Additional prospective studies are needed to better understand the different phenotypes of pAAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Sayad
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine.,Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- Texas Children's Hospital.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - R Paul Guillerman
- Texas Children's Hospital.,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Spielberg
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine.,Texas Children's Hospital
| | - David Moreno McNeill
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine.,Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Marietta De Guzman
- Texas Children's Hospital.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Gunes Orman
- Texas Children's Hospital.,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Silva-Carmona
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine.,Texas Children's Hospital
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37
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Epidemiologic Features of Systemic Vasculitides in the Southeast Region of Brazil: Hospital-Based Survey. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 26:S106-S110. [PMID: 32045391 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The epidemiology of vasculitis is variable in different geographic areas, and this issue has not been approached in Brazil yet. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of vasculitis in specialized centers in Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in 9 vasculitis outpatient clinics from 6 different states mainly from the Southeast and the Northeast regions of Brazil between 2015 and 2017. Diagnosis and/or classification criteria for Behçet disease (BD), Takayasu arteritis (TA), giant cell arteritis (GCA), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CryoVas) were used to include patients with at least 6 months of follow-up in this hospital-based survey. RESULTS A total of 1233 patients with systemic vasculitis were included from the Southeast region. Behçet disease was the most frequent vasculitis (35.0%) followed by TA (26.4%), GPA (16.2%), PAN (5.8%), GCA (5.8%), EGPA (4.3%), MPA (3.4%), and CryoVas (3.0%). Up to 7.8% of vasculitis patients had a juvenile onset, and the frequency of vasculitides found in children and adolescents was as follows: TA (52.6%), BD (24.7%), GPA (12.4%), and PAN (10.3%). No cases of EGPA, MPA, and CryoVas were diagnosed before the age of 18 years. As a comparator, 103 vasculitis patients were included in the Northeast of Brazil where TA was found in 36.9% and BD in 31.1% of vasculitis cases. No GCA cases were found in the Northeast part of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS Similar to the epidemiology of vasculitis in Asia, BD and TA are the most frequent vasculitis in Southeastern Brazilian referral centers.
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Could COVID-19 Trigger Presentation or Exacerbation of Vasculitides? (A 14-Year-Old Girl with Newly Diagnosed GPA After COVID-19 Infection). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a kind of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), which involves small-to-medium-sized vessels. Besides, GPA usually involves the upper and lower respiratory tract, and also causes necrotizing glomerulonephritis. The involvement of the heart and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in GPA is unusual, and these are atypical places of this vasculitis. Case Presentation: A 14-year-old girl with a newly diagnosed GPA after afflicting with COVID-19 infection presented with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (MI), GI perforation, and intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions: Although GPA is rare in the pediatric population, it might occur in this age group and could involve multiple organ systems.
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39
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Holton-Burke R, Laurenzano S, Phillips S, Stover LB, Radhakrishna S, Khare M. Takayasu's Arteritis in a Patient With Preexisting Autoimmune Disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2021; 60:210-213. [PMID: 33736502 DOI: 10.1177/0009922821999471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Phillips
- Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Manaswitha Khare
- Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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40
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Arfaoui H, Elkihal H, Jabri H, Elkhattabi W, Afif H. Adolescent with severe granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:285. [PMID: 34122712 PMCID: PMC8179993 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.285.26893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare vasculitis among adolescents. Its pulmonary manifestations may mimic tuberculosis. We report the case of a 16-years-old female patient with multiple excavated lung nodules revealed by a chronic cough, hemoptysis, epistaxis and weight loss. The diagnosis of GPA was achieved due to systemic pulmonary, ENT and renal involvement, the positivity of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody directed against proteinase 3 (C-ANCA) and bronchial and nasal biopsies showing granulomatous inflammation with a dense perivascular infiltrate destroying the vessel wall. Bolus of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants reversed her symptoms. Although GPA is a rare disease in teenagers, it should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in adolescents presenting with excavated pulmonary nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Arfaoui
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital 20 Août 1953, University of Hassan II, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hamza Elkihal
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital 20 Août 1953, University of Hassan II, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hasna Jabri
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital 20 Août 1953, University of Hassan II, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wiam Elkhattabi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital 20 Août 1953, University of Hassan II, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Afif
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital 20 Août 1953, University of Hassan II, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
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Morishita KA, Wagner-Weiner L, Yen EY, Sivaraman V, James KE, Gerstbacher D, Szymanski AM, O'Neil KM, Cabral DA. Consensus Treatment Plans for Severe Pediatric Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 74:1550-1558. [PMID: 33675161 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no standardized approach to the treatment of pediatric antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (ped-AAV). Because of the rarity of ped-AAV, randomized trials have not been feasible. The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) developed consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for severe ped-AAV to enable the future study of comparative effectiveness and safety. METHODS A workgroup of CARRA members (rheumatologists and nephrologists) formed the AAV working group. This group performed a literature review on existing evidence-based treatments and guidelines for the management of AAV. They determined that the target population for CTP development was patients <18 years with new-onset granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis, or renal-limited AAV (eosinophilic-GPA was excluded) with presentation confined to those with severe disease i.e. organ- or life-threatening. Face-to-face consensus conferences employed nominal group techniques to identify treatment strategies for remission-induction and remission-maintenance, data elements to be systematically collected, and outcomes to be measured over time. RESULTS The ped-AAV workgroup developed two CTPs for each of the remission-induction and remission-maintenance of severe AAV. A corticosteroid-weaning regimen for induction and maintenance, a core dataset, and outcome measures were also defined. A random sample of CARRA membership voted acceptance of the CTPs for remission-induction and remission-maintenance with a 94% (75/80) and 98% (78/80) approval rate respectively. CONCLUSION Consensus methodology established standardized CTPs for treating severe ped-AAV. These CTPs were in principle accepted by CARRA-wide membership for pragmatic comparative effectiveness evaluation in a long-term registry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Cabral
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia
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43
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Sayad E, Vogel TP, Cortes-Santiago N, Patel KR, McNeill DM, Spielberg D, Silva-Carmona M. Lung biopsy in the diagnosis of pediatric ANCA-associated vasculitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:145-152. [PMID: 33146463 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate pulmonary histopathologic features in a cohort of pediatric patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) who underwent a lung biopsy as part of their evaluation. We report the safety and the findings of lung biopsies in this population. METHODS After IRB approval, we performed a retrospective chart review of all patients <18 years of age presenting to our institution with a diagnosis of pediatric AAV (pAAV) who underwent lung biopsy. We reviewed histopathologic features, serologies, the timing of biopsy, and complications. RESULTS Fourteen patients met inclusion criteria, nine patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and five patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). All patients had positive ANCA serology. 13/14 patients required admission on initial presentation for respiratory symptoms; 11/13 required respiratory support. The indication for biopsy was confirmation of diagnosis before initiating therapy in 11 patients (78%), part of the infectious evaluation in two (14%), and part of interstitial lung disease evaluation in one (7%). 11/14 (78%) biopsies had findings consistent with AAV diagnosis: 6/9 (67%) of the MPA patients compared with 5/5 (100%) of the GPA patients. The most common findings on histopathology were vascular inflammation and signs of alveolar hemorrhage. The only reported complication after lung biopsy was pneumothorax in four patients (28%). CONCLUSION Lung biopsy had a higher diagnostic yield in GPA compared with MPA patients. In our cohort, a diagnosis of AAV could be made with clinical features and positive serology but was confirmed by lung histopathology in the majority of cases. Obtaining a lung biopsy for diagnostic purposes in pAAV should be reserved for uncertain cases where the diagnosis cannot be confirmed clinically and with serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Sayad
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nahir Cortes-Santiago
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kalyani R Patel
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David M McNeill
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Spielberg
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manuel Silva-Carmona
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Das SK, Dahal A, Shrestha N, Tnawanasu S, Sharma S. Takayasu's Arteritis with Subcutaneous Nodules in a 4-year -old Child: A Case Report. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020; 58:930-933. [PMID: 34506410 PMCID: PMC7775015 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old girl who presented with pain in the abdomen, subcutaneous nodule, fever and was later diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis . Oral corticosteroid and methotrexate were started. Childhood TA should be kept in differential diagnosis when presented with subcutaneous nodules and increased acute phase reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aakrit Dahal
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit-Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nikhil Shrestha
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit-Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Sapina M, Frkovic M, Sestan M, Srsen S, Ovuka A, Batnozic Varga M, Kramaric K, Brdaric D, Milas K, Gagro A, Jelusic M. Geospatial clustering of childhood IgA vasculitis and IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 80:610-616. [PMID: 33208346 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on spatial variability of the incidence of IgA vasculitis (IgAV) in children and its potential implications for elucidation of the multifactorial aetiology and pathogenesis is limited. We intended to observe spatial variability of the incidence of IgAV and IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis (IgAVN) using modern geostatistical methods, and hypothesised that their spatial distribution may be spatially clustered. METHODS Patients' data were retrospectively collected from 2009 to 2019 in five Croatian University Hospital Centres for paediatric rheumatology, and census data were used to calculate the incidence of IgAV. Using spatial empirical Bayesian smoothing, local Morans' I and local indicator of spatial autocorrelation (LISA), we performed spatial statistical analysis. RESULTS 596 children diagnosed with IgAV were included in this study, of which 313 (52.52%) were male. The average annual incidence proportion was estimated to be 6.79 per 100 000 children, and the prevalence of IgAVN was 19.6%. Existence of spatial autocorrelation was observed in both IgAV and IgAVN; however, clustering distribution differed. While IgAV showed clustering in Mediterranean and west continental part around cities, IgAVN was clustered in the northern Mediterranean and eastern continental part, where a linear cluster following the Drava and Danube river was observed. CONCLUSION IgAV incidence in Croatia is similar to other European countries. Spatial statistical analysis showed a non-random distribution of IgAV and IgAVN. Although aetiological associations cannot be inferred, spatial analytical techniques may help in investigating and generating new hypotheses in non-communicable diseases considering possible environmental risk factors and identification of potential genetic or epigenetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Sapina
- Department of Paediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Medical Faculty Osijek, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marijan Frkovic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Sestan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sasa Srsen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Split School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Ovuka
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mateja Batnozic Varga
- Department of Paediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Medical Faculty Osijek, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Karolina Kramaric
- Department of Paediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Brdaric
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek, Croatia.,Institute of Public Health for the Osijek-Baranja County, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Milas
- Department of Paediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Medical Faculty Osijek, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Alenka Gagro
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Medical Faculty Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Jelusic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Chai W, Wang X, Wang W, Wang H, Mou W, Gui J. Decreased glycolysis induced dysfunction of NK cells in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:53. [PMID: 33036556 PMCID: PMC7547466 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis of the childhood. However, its mechanisms and pathogenesis still need more exploration. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes, and there is a growing appreciation that cellular metabolism is important in determining the immune responsiveness of lymphocytes. Thus, we aimed to analyze the NK cells phenotype and explore the association between glucose metabolism and NK cells function in HSP patients. RESULTS A total number of 64 HSP patients and 34 healthy children were included. The HSP patients were divided into two groups according to whether accompanied with nephritis or not. NK cells in HSP patients without nephritis showed a reduced frequency in peripheral blood, a down-regulated expression of activating receptors both NKp30 and NKp46, and an attenuated cytotoxic function against tumor cells. In addition, the function impairment of NK cells was shown to exacerbate in HSPN. Our data further revealed an aberrant metabolic reprogramming of NK cells in HSP patients. Upon stimulation with cytokines (IL-15, IL-12 and IL-2), NK cells from healthy controls switched to an elevated glycolysis rate to support their effector function. By contrast, the glycolysis rate of activated NK cells in HSP group was not significantly up-regulated from the resting level possibly owing to the inhibition of mTORC1. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that HSP patients were accompanied with dysfunction of NK cells. We concluded that the dysfunction of NK cells in HSP patients was induced with a decreased glycolysis rate and suggested that metabolic reprogramming of NK cells might be a player in the pathogenesis of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Chai
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wenjun Mou
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jingang Gui
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Huang Z, Li T, Nigrovic PA, Lee PY. Polyarteritis nodosa and deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 - Shared genealogy, generations apart. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108411. [PMID: 32276138 PMCID: PMC7387119 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that predominantly affects medium-sized arteries. With the establishment and refinement of vasculitis nomenclature and diagnostic criteria, clinical findings of PAN and distinguishing features from other vasculitides are now well characterized. Although PAN typically manifests in adulthood, cohort studies in paediatric patients have shaped our understanding of childhood-onset PAN. The paradigm of childhood-onset PAN changed considerably with the landmark discovery of deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2), a monogenic cause of vasculitis that is often indistinguishable from PAN. Testing for DADA2 has provided an explanation to numerous challenging cases of familial PAN and early-onset PAN around the world. The ability to distinguish DADA2 from classic PAN have important therapeutic implications as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of DADA2. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of PAN and DADA2 and highlight similarities and differences between these vasculitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianwang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pui Y Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kanecki K, Nitsch-Osuch A, Gorynski P, Wierzba W, Tarka P, Tyszko P. Polyarteritis nodosa: decreasing incidence in Poland. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1308-1312. [PMID: 31572478 PMCID: PMC6764321 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.68407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are many studies on the epidemiology of the orphan disease polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) in European countries. The use of a hospital morbidity database is an important element of epidemiological analysis. The study is the first such analysis in Poland and may provide an opportunity to compare the data in a European context. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective, population-based study using hospital discharge records with a PAN diagnosis. PAN incidence was estimated based on data from a Polish hospital morbidity study carried out by the National Institute of Public Health. Data on all inpatients discharged from non-psychiatric hospitals in Poland were collected between 2008 and 2013. We identified 557 patients with first-time hospitalizations for PAN. RESULTS The sample consisted of 202 (36.3%) males and 355 (63.7%) females. The median and mean age was 53 and 50 years, respectively. The average annual incidence of PAN in Poland was estimated to be 2.4 per million. PAN incidence decreased significantly over time in Poland between 2008 and 2013 (3.3 per million vs 1.9 per million, p < 0.001) and it may be associated with a decrease in hepatitis B incidence observed in Poland. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of PAN in Poland was estimated to be 2.4 per million and was comparable to the incidence found in other European countries. PAN incidence decreased during 2008-2013. The decrease in PAN incidence may be related to environmental, infectious (hepatitis B) or other unknown factors. Future research is needed to identify the cause of the decrease and potential triggers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Gorynski
- National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Patryk Tarka
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
The systemic vasculitides are heterogeneous clinicopathologic disorders that share the common feature of vascular inflammation. The resulting disorder can vary depending on involvement of specific organs, caliber of blood vessels, the underlying inflammatory process, and individual host factors. The cumulative result is diminished blood flow, vascular alterations, and eventual occlusion with variable ischemia, necrosis, and tissue damage. An international revised nomenclature system provides the necessary nosology and findings relevant to classify each of the vasculitides. This article is an introduction and overview of the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, laboratory evaluation, and treatment of systemic and nervous system vasculitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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50
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Karadağ ŞG, Sönmez HE, Tanatar A, Çakmak F, Çakan M, Ayaz NA. Profile of new referrals to a single pediatric rheumatology center in Turkey. Rheumatol Int 2019; 40:313-321. [PMID: 31440813 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To describe the demographic characteristics and clinical features of patients referred to a pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic in Turkey and to compare the final diagnoses with the previous literature data. All new patients referred to pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital between March 2018 and March 2019 were enrolled to the study. Demographic data, referral patterns, disease related features, physical examination findings and final diagnoses of new referrals were collected prospectively. A total of 2982 new referrals were evaluated in 1-year period. Among them 1561 (52%) had a diagnosis of a rheumatic disease. The frequencies of most common rheumatic diseases were; periodic fever syndromes (47.3%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (18%) and vasculitis (14.4%), respectively. Non-rheumatic conditions were diagnosed in 1243 patients, among them orthopedic/mechanic problems (27.4%) were the most frequent ones followed by vitamin D deficiency (17.5%) and dermatological problems (9.8%). Patients with non-rheumatic conditions comprised a large part of the pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic. National registries are required to establish the frequencies of pediatric rheumatic diseases in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Gül Karadağ
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science, No: 46/1, 34303, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Emine Sönmez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science, No: 46/1, 34303, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tanatar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science, No: 46/1, 34303, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Çakmak
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science, No: 46/1, 34303, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çakan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science, No: 46/1, 34303, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Aktay Ayaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science, No: 46/1, 34303, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
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