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Norrby K. Do mast cells contribute to the continued survival of vertebrates? APMIS 2022; 130:618-624. [PMID: 35869669 PMCID: PMC9545593 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study is an attempt to shed light on why the connective tissue mast cell (MC) is preserved in all species with a blood circulatory system, i.e., the vertebrates since >500 million years, which suggests that the MC performs as yet not understood indispensible life-promoting actions. The literature survey focuses on data in published papers on MC functions in immunological and nonimmunological reactions, host protection, pregnancy, inflammation, and wound healing. All data are thus accessible to the reader. The MC is a secretory cell with a unique mediator profile. A distinctive role for MCs is defined not only by their extensive mediator composition but also by their prominent ability to affect the vasculature to expedite selective cell recruitment and permeability changes and to set the stage for an appropriate acquired response. MCs, harboring a wide range of surface membrane receptors, are activated by the major female sex hormones as well as by diverse potentially adverse stimuli. MC activation/degranulation creates a presumably unique triad tissue response in physiological and pathological situations alike: extracellular matrix degradation and tissue remodeling, de novo cell proliferation, and de novo angiogenesis. As shown in the literature, MC-activation is crucial for successful female reproduction in the mouse, implying one of possibly several yet unidentified physiological roles of MCs. Moreover, the activated MC aids newborns to survive to reproductive age owing to its key beneficial actions in inflammation and wound healing. Thus, a not previously described life-perpetuating loop spanning generations are apparently formed, which, hypothetically, could contribute to the continued survival of the vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Norrby
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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2
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Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Molecular and Cellular Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790122. [PMID: 34899757 PMCID: PMC8660630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and inflammatory cytokine inhibitors (ICI), typically associated with differentiated clinical effects and characteristics. Personalized responsiveness is observed to the standard treatment due to the pathophysiological heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in an overall poor prognosis. Understanding the role of individual variation in cellular and molecular mechanisms related to rheumatoid arthritis will considerably improve clinical care and patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the source of pathophysiological heterogeneity derived from genetic, molecular, and cellular heterogeneity and their possible impact on precision medicine and personalized treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We provide emphasized description of the heterogeneity derived from mast cells, monocyte cell, macrophage fibroblast-like synoviocytes and, interactions within immune cells and with inflammatory cytokines, as well as the potential as a new therapeutic target to develop a novel treatment approach. Finally, we summarize the latest clinical trials of treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis and provide a suggestive framework for implementing preclinical and clinical experimental results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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3
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Higher PGD 2 production by synovial mast cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with osteoarthritis patients via miR-199a-3p/prostaglandin synthetase 2 axis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5738. [PMID: 33707464 PMCID: PMC7952410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that synovial mast cells (MCs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) produced TNF-α in response to immune complexes via FcγRI and FcγRIIA. However, the specific functions of synovial MCs in RA remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate those functions. Synovial tissues and fluid were obtained from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Synovium-derived, cultured MCs were generated by culturing dispersed synovial cells with stem cell factor. We performed microarray-based screening of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA), followed by quantitative RT-PCR-based verification. Synovial MCs from RA patients showed significantly higher prostaglandin systhetase (PTGS)1 and PTGS2 expression compared with OA patients' MCs, and they produced significantly more prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) following aggregation of FcγRI. PGD2 induced IL-8 production by human group 2 innate lymphoid cells, suggesting that PGD2-producing MCs induce neutrophil recruitment into the synovium of RA patients. PTGS2 mRNA expression in RA patients' MCs correlated inversely with miRNA-199a-3p expression, which down-regulated PTGS2. RA patients' synovial fluid contained significantly more PGD2 compared with OA patients' fluid. Synovial MCs might regulate inflammation in RA through hyper-production of PGD2 following FcRγ aggregation. Our findings indicate functional heterogeneity of human MCs among diseases.
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Ragipoglu D, Dudeck A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Voss M, Kroner J, Ignatius A, Fischer V. The Role of Mast Cells in Bone Metabolism and Bone Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:163. [PMID: 32117297 PMCID: PMC7025484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are important sensor and effector cells of the immune system that are involved in many physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing evidence suggests that they also play an important role in bone metabolism and bone disorders. MCs are located in the bone marrow and secrete a wide spectrum of mediators, which can be rapidly released upon activation of mature MCs following their differentiation in mucosal or connective tissues. Many of these mediators can exert osteocatabolic effects by promoting osteoclast formation [e.g., histamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and/or by inhibiting osteoblast activity (e.g., IL-1, TNF). By contrast, MCs could potentially act in an osteoprotective manner by stimulating osteoblasts (e.g., transforming growth factor-β) or reducing osteoclastogenesis (e.g., IL-12, interferon-γ). Experimental studies investigating MC functions in physiological bone turnover using MC-deficient mouse lines give contradictory results, reporting delayed or increased bone turnover or no influence depending on the mouse model used. By contrast, the involvement of MCs in various pathological conditions affecting bone is evident. MCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary osteoporosis as well as inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, because increased numbers of MCs were found in patients suffering from these diseases. The clinical observations could be largely confirmed in experimental studies using MC-deficient mouse models, which also provide mechanistic insights. MCs also regulate bone healing after fracture by influencing the inflammatory response toward the fracture, vascularization, bone formation, and callus remodeling by osteoclasts. This review summarizes the current view and understanding of the role of MCs on bone in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ragipoglu
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kroner
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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5
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Min HK, Kim KW, Lee SH, Kim HR. Roles of mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:12-24. [PMID: 31722515 PMCID: PMC6960056 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, and the complex interaction and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in RA pathogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) are one of the tissue-resident innate immune cells, and they contribute to RA pathogenesis. In the present review, the evidence of the pathologic role of MC in RA is discussed based on human and animal data. In addition, the potential role of MC in RA pathogenesis and the research area that should be focused on in the future are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Kim
- Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Hae-Rim Kim, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea Tel: +82-2-2030-7542, Fax: +82-2-2030-7728, E-mail:
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Harshan S, Dey P, Ragunathan S. Effects of rheumatoid arthritis associated transcriptional changes on osteoclast differentiation network in the synovium. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5743. [PMID: 30324023 PMCID: PMC6186409 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclast differentiation in the inflamed synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affected joints leads to the formation of bone lesions. Reconstruction and analysis of protein interaction networks underlying specific disease phenotypes are essential for designing therapeutic interventions. In this study, we have created a network that captures signal flow leading to osteoclast differentiation. Based on transcriptome analysis, we have indicated the potential mechanisms responsible for the phenotype in the RA affected synovium. Method We collected information on gene expression, pathways and protein interactions related to RA from literature and databases namely Gene Expression Omnibus, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and STRING. Based on these information, we created a network for the differentiation of osteoclasts. We identified the differentially regulated network genes and reported the signaling that are responsible for the process in the RA affected synovium. Result Our network reveals the mechanisms underlying the activation of the neutrophil cytosolic factor complex in connection to osteoclastogenesis in RA. Additionally, the study reports the predominance of the canonical pathway of NF-κB activation in the diseased synovium. The network also confirms that the upregulation of T cell receptor signaling and downregulation of transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway favor osteoclastogenesis in RA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive protein–protein interaction network describing RA driven osteoclastogenesis in the synovium. Discussion This study provides information that can be used to build models of the signal flow involved in the process of osteoclast differentiation. The models can further be used to design therapies to ameliorate bone destruction in the RA affected joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Harshan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poulami Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srivatsan Ragunathan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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7
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Thurmond RL, Venable J, Savall B, La D, Snook S, Dunford PJ, Edwards JP. Clinical Development of Histamine H 4 Receptor Antagonists. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:301-320. [PMID: 28233185 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R) provided a new avenue for the exploration of the physiological role of histamine, as well as providing a new drug target for the development of novel antihistamines. The first step in this process was the identification of selective antagonists to help unravel the pharmacology of the H4R relative to other histamine receptors. The discovery of the selective H4R antagonist JNJ 7777120 was vital for showing a role for the H4R in inflammation and pruritus. While this compound has been very successful as a tool for understanding the function of the receptor, it has drawbacks, including a short in vivo half-life and hypoadrenocorticism toxicity in rats and dogs, that prevented advancing it into clinical studies. Further research let to the discovery of JNJ 39758979, which, similar to JNJ 7777120, was a potent and selective H4R antagonist and showed anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic activity preclinically. JNJ 39758979 advanced into human clinical studies and showed efficacy in reducing experimental pruritus and in patients with atopic dermatitis. However, development of this compound was terminated due to the occurrence of drug-induced agranulocytosis. This was overcome by developing another H4R antagonist with a different chemical structure, toreforant, that does not appear to have this side effect. Toreforant has been tested in clinical studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or psoriasis. In conclusions there have been many H4R antagonists reported in the literature, but only a few have been studied in humans underscoring the difficulty in finding ligands with all of the properties necessary for testing in the clinic. Nevertheless, the clinical data to date suggests that H4R antagonists can be beneficial in treating atopic dermatitis and pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brad Savall
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - David La
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sandra Snook
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Paul J Dunford
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - James P Edwards
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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8
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Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Zaheer S, Thangavel R, Ahmed ME, Raikwar S, Govindarajan R, Iyer S, Zaheer A. Cross-Talk between Glia, Neurons and Mast Cells in Neuroinflammation Associated with Parkinson's Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 13:100-112. [PMID: 28952015 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder characterized by neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the brain. 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a metabolite of the parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces the release of inflammatory mediators from glial cells and neurons. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a brain proinflammatory protein, MPP+, and mast cell-derived inflammatory mediators induce neurodegeneration which eventually leads to PD. However, the precise mechanisms underlying interaction between glial cells, neurons and mast cells in PD still remain elusive. In the present study, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and mouse fetal brain-derived mixed glia/neurons, astrocytes and neurons were incubated with MPP+, GMF and mast cell-derived inflammatory mediators mouse mast cell protease-6 (MMCP-6), MMCP-7 or tryptase/brain-specific serine protease-4 (tryptase/BSSP-4). Inflammatory mediators released from these cells in the culture medium were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neurodegeneration was quantified by measuring total neurite outgrowth following microtubule-associated protein-2 immunocytochemistry. MPP+-induced significant neurodegeneration with reduced total neurite outgrowth. MPP+induced the release of tryptase/BSSP-4 from the mouse mast cells, and tryptase/BSSP-4 induced chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) release from astrocytes and glia/neurons. Overall our results suggest that MPP+, GMF, MMCP-6 or MMCP-7 stimulate glia/neurons, astrocytes or neurons to release CCL2 and matrix metalloproteinase-3. Additionally, CD40L expression is increased in BMMCs after incubation with MPP+ in a co-culture system consisting of BMMCs and glia/neurons. We propose that mast cell interaction with glial cells and neurons during neuroinflammation can be explored as a new therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Raghav Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Shankar Iyer
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA. .,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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Okamura Y, Mishima S, Kashiwakura JI, Sasaki-Sakamoto T, Toyoshima S, Kuroda K, Saito S, Tokuhashi Y, Okayama Y. The dual regulation of substance P-mediated inflammation via human synovial mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Allergol Int 2017; 66S:S9-S20. [PMID: 28366675 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural pathways are thought to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although synovial mast cells (MCs) are activated by substance P (SP), the role of MCs in neural pathways in RA remains unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate 1) whether tachykinins are produced by synovial MCs and whether production differs in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and 2) what is the responsible receptor for SP in synovial MCs. METHODS Synovial tissues were obtained from patients with RA or OA undergoing joint replacement surgery. Cultured synovium-derived MCs were generated by culturing dispersed synovial cells with stem cell factor. SP expression was investigated using immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays. Mas-related gene X2 (MrgX2) expression was reduced in human MCs using a lentiviral shRNA silencing technique. RESULTS SP expression was localized around the cell membrane in 41% (median) of the MCs in synovium from RA but in only 7% of that from OA, suggesting the activation of MCs. Synovial MCs expressed tachykinin (TAC) 1 mRNA, the expression of which was upregulated by the aggregation of FcɛRI or the addition of aggregated IgG. However, the released SP appeared to be rapidly degraded by MC chymase. Synovial MCs were activated with SP through MrgX2 to release histamine without producing proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Activated synovial MCs may rapidly degrade SP, which may downregulate the SP-mediated activation of synoviocytes in RA. On the other hand, SP activates MCs to induce inflammatory mediators, suggesting the dual regulation of SP-mediated inflammation by MCs in RA.
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Daëron M. Innate myeloid cells under the control of adaptive immunity: the example of mast cells and basophils. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:101-8. [PMID: 26745401 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells and basophils are mostly known as the initiators of IgE-dependent allergic reactions. They, however, contribute to innate immunity against pathogens and venoms. Like other myeloid cells, they also express receptors for the Fc portion of IgG antibodies. These include activating receptors and inhibitory receptors. Because IgG antibodies are produced in exceedingly higher amounts than IgE antibodies, IgG receptors are co-engaged with IgE receptors under physiological conditions. Mast cells and basophils are examples of the many innate myeloid cells whose effector functions are used and finely tuned by antibodies. They can be thus enrolled in a variety of adaptive immune responses, their activation can be regulated, positively and negatively and their biological responses can be modulated qualitatively by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Daëron
- Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Centre d'immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université Aix Marseille UM2, Inserm U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
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Inayama M, Suzuki Y, Yamada S, Kurita T, Yamamura H, Ohya S, Giles WR, Imaizumi Y. Orai1-Orai2 complex is involved in store-operated calcium entry in chondrocyte cell lines. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:337-47. [PMID: 25769459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) influx via store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) plays critical roles in many essential cellular functions. The Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel complex, consisting of Orai and STIM, is one of the major components of store-operated Ca(2+) (SOC) channels. Our previous study demonstrated that histamine can cause sustained Ca(2+) entry through SOC channels in OUMS-27 cells derived from human chondrosarcoma. This SOCE was increased by low- and decreased by high-concentrations of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analyses revealed abundant expressions of Orai1, Orai2 and STIM1. Introduction of dominant negative mutant of Orai1, or siOrai1 knockdown significantly attenuated SOCE. Following histamine application, single molecule imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy demonstrated punctate Orai1-STIM1 complex formation in plasma membrane. In contrast, knockdown or over-expression of Orai2 resulted in an increase or a decrease in SOCE, respectively. Finally, TIRF imaging revealed direct coupling between Orai1 and Orai2, and suggested that Orai2 reduces Orai1 function by formation of a hetero-tetramer. These results provide substantial evidence that Orai1, Orai2 and STIM1 form functional CRAC channels in OUMS-27 cells and that these complexes are responsible for sustained Ca(2+) entry in response to agonist stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Inayama
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurita
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Wayne R Giles
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Kojima F, Kapoor M, Kawai S, Crofford LJ. New insights into eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways: implications for arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:277-91. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Smith MD, Tak PP. Rheumatoid arthritis: new insights into the role of synovial inflammation in joint destruction. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 12:287-93. [DOI: 10.3109/s101650200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Magarinos NJ, Bryant KJ, Fosang AJ, Adachi R, Stevens RL, McNeil HP. Mast cell-restricted, tetramer-forming tryptases induce aggrecanolysis in articular cartilage by activating matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13 zymogens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1404-12. [PMID: 23797671 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-6-null C57BL/6 mice lost less aggrecan proteoglycan from the extracellular matrix of their articular cartilage during inflammatory arthritis than wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that this mast cell (MC)-specific mouse tryptase plays prominent roles in articular cartilage catabolism. We used ex vivo mouse femoral head explants to determine how mMCP-6 and its human ortholog hTryptase-β mediate aggrecanolysis. Exposure of the explants to recombinant hTryptase-β, recombinant mMCP-6, or lysates harvested from WT mouse peritoneal MCs (PMCs) significantly increased the levels of enzymatically active matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in cartilage and significantly induced aggrecan loss into the conditioned media, relative to replicate explants exposed to medium alone or lysates collected from mMCP-6-null PMCs. Treatment of cartilage explants with tetramer-forming tryptases generated aggrecan fragments that contained C-terminal DIPEN and N-terminal FFGVG neoepitopes, consistent with MMP-dependent aggrecanolysis. In support of these data, hTryptase-β was unable to induce aggrecan release from the femoral head explants obtained from Chloe mice that resist MMP cleavage at the DIPEN↓FFGVG site in the interglobular domain of aggrecan. In addition, the abilities of mMCP-6-containing lysates from WT PMCs to induce aggrecanolysis were prevented by inhibitors of MMP-3 and MMP-13. Finally, recombinant hTryptase-β was able to activate latent pro-MMP-3 and pro-MMP-13 in vitro. The accumulated data suggest that human and mouse tetramer-forming tryptases are MMP convertases that mediate cartilage damage and the proteolytic loss of aggrecan proteoglycans in arthritis, in part, by activating the zymogen forms of MMP-3 and MMP-13, which are constitutively present in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J Magarinos
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Kashiwakura JI, Yanagisawa M, Lee H, Okamura Y, Sasaki-Sakamoto T, Saito S, Tokuhashi Y, Ra C, Okayama Y. Interleukin-33 synergistically enhances immune complex-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8 production in cultured human synovium-derived mast cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161 Suppl 2:32-6. [PMID: 23711851 DOI: 10.1159/000350424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that human synovial mast cells (MCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin (IL)-33 is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. We recently reported that FcγRI is responsible for producing abundant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from cultured synovium-derived MCs (SyMCs) in response to aggregated immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, whether or not IL-33 affects immune complex (IC)-induced synovial MC activation remains unknown. This study sought to evaluate the effect of IL-33 on IC-induced synovial MC activation. METHODS Cultured SyMCs were generated by culturing synovial cells with stem cell factor. ST2 expression was analyzed using FACS and immunohistochemical techniques. Mediators released from the MCs were measured using EIAs or ELISAs. RESULTS SyMCs obtained from patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA) expressed ST2 on their surfaces. We confirmed the expression of ST2 in MCs using immunofluorescence staining in joint tissue obtained from RA patients. IC-triggered histamine release was not enhanced by IL-33. However, IL-33 synergistically enhanced IC-induced IL-8 and TNF-α production in SyMCs. CONCLUSIONS ICs and IL-33 may exacerbate inflammation associated with RA by abundantly producing TNF-α and IL-8 from SyMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fosang AJ, Beier F. Emerging Frontiers in cartilage and chondrocyte biology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 25:751-66. [PMID: 22265258 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a uniquely ordered tissue that is designed to resist compression and redistribute load, but is poorly equipped for self-repair. The chondrocyte is the only resident cell type, responsible for maintaining a specialised and extensive matrix that is avascular and lacks innervation. These attributes, as well as the slow turnover rate of aggrecan and type II collagen in mature articular cartilage, present a considerable challenge to the tissue engineer. Similarly, those attempting to halt the progression of cartilage erosion must contend with these unusual characteristics. This review explores the gaps in our knowledge of cartilage biology and pathology, including what is known about the relative contribution of collagenases and aggrecanases to cartilage degradation, the need to regulate the chondrocytic phenotype and the putative role of chondrocyte hypertrophy in the pathogenesis of degenerative and rheumatic joint disease. Recent advances in cartilage tissue engineering are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Fosang
- University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
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Lee H, Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda A, Watanabe Y, Sakamoto-Sasaki T, Matsumoto K, Hashimoto N, Saito S, Ohmori K, Nagaoka M, Tokuhashi Y, Ra C, Okayama Y. Activation of human synovial mast cells from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis patients in response to aggregated IgG through Fcγ receptor I and Fcγ receptor II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:109-19. [PMID: 23055095 DOI: 10.1002/art.37741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substantial evidence suggests that human synovial mast cells (MCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A plausible pathway for the activation of synovial MCs is through IgG receptors, given the prevalence of circulating IgG isotype autoantibodies and synovial immune complexes in patients with RA. However, IgG receptor expression on human synovial MCs remains uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to identify which IgG receptor(s) on synovial MCs are responsible for MC activation in immune complexes. METHODS Synovial tissue specimens were obtained from patients with RA or patients with osteoarthritis (OA) who were undergoing joint replacement surgery, and synovial MCs were enzymatically dispersed. Cultured synovium-derived MCs were generated by culturing synovial cells with stem cell factor, and receptor expression was analyzed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Mediators released from MCs were measured using enzyme immunoassays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Primary synovial MCs and cultured synovium-derived MCs obtained from both patients with RA and patients with OA expressed Fcε receptor I (FcεRI), FcγRI, and FcγRII but not FcγRIII. Cultured synovium-derived MCs induced degranulation and the production of prostaglandin D2 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) through FcγRI. The aggregation of FcγRII caused histamine release from cultured MCs but not from primary MCs. Histamine release induced by aggregated IgG was significantly inhibited by neutralizing anti-FcγRI monoclonal antibody and anti-FcγRII monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSION With regard to the FcR expression profile, synovial MCs from patients with RA and patients with OA were similar. FcγRI was responsible for producing abundant TNFα from synovial MCs in response to aggregated IgG. Immune complexes may activate synovial MCs through FcγRI and FcγRII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Iwata S, Yamaoka K, Niiro H, Nakano K, Wang SP, Saito K, Akashi K, Tanaka Y. [Involvement of Syk in pathology of systemic autoimmune disease]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 35:56-61. [PMID: 22374444 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.35.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological products have proven its high efficacy on autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Meanwhile, small molecular drugs have attracted attention over the years because of its availability of oral administration and cost effectiveness. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a 72 kDa protein tyrosine kinase widely expressed on cells that are involved in the immune system and inflammation such as B cells, T cells, macrophages and synovial fibroblast. Syk is involved in intracellular signaling of the multi-chain immune receptors, including B cell receptor (BCR), ζchain of T-cell receptor (TCR), FcR and integrins, which contains the immune-receptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Recently, Syk inhibitor fostamatinib has exerted potent therapeutic efficacy against autoimmune and allergic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), bronchial asthma and thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Moreover, Syk blockade prevented the development of skin and kidney lesions in lupus-prone mice, however the mechanism of action is unclear. We have revealed that Syk-mediated BCR-signaling is prerequisite for optimal induction of toll-like receptor (TLR)-9, thereby allowing efficient propagation of CD40- and TLR9- signaling in human B cells. These results indicate that inhibition of Syk have a potential to regulate B-cell mediated inflammatory diseases such as SLE. We here document the in vitro and in vivo effects of a Syk inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, mainly in RA and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Iwata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Abstract
Classically, allergy depends on IgE antibodies and on high-affinity IgE receptors expressed by mast cells and basophils. This long accepted IgE/FcεRI/mast cell paradigm, on which the definition of immediate hypersensitivity was based in the Gell and Coomb's classification, appears too reductionist. Recently accumulated evidence indeed requires that not only IgE but also IgG antibodies, that not only FcεRI but also FcγR of the different types, that not only mast cells and basophils but also neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and other myeloid cells be considered as important players in allergy. This view markedly changes our understanding of allergic diseases and, possibly, their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Département d’Immunologie, Unité d’Allergologie Moléculaire et CellulaireParis, France
- Inserm, Unité 760Paris, France
| | - Marc Daëron
- Institut Pasteur, Département d’Immunologie, Unité d’Allergologie Moléculaire et CellulaireParis, France
- Inserm, Unité 760Paris, France
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Hashimoto T, Yasuda S, Koide H, Kataoka H, Horita T, Atsumi T, Koike T. Aberrant splicing of the hRasGRP4 transcript and decreased levels of this signaling protein in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a subset of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R154. [PMID: 21933395 PMCID: PMC3308084 DOI: 10.1186/ar3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An unidentified population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) express Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein 4 (RasGRP4). The aim of our study was to identify the cells in human blood that express hRasGRP4, and then to determine if hRasGRP4 was altered in any patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Monocytes and T cells were purified from PBMCs of normal individuals, and were evaluated for their expression of RasGRP4 mRNA/protein. The levels of RasGRP4 transcripts were evaluated in the PBMCs from healthy volunteers and RA patients by real-time quantitative PCR. The nucleotide sequences of RasGRP4 cDNAs were also determined. RasGRP4 protein expression in PBMCs/monocytes was evaluated. Recombinant hRasGRP4 was expressed in mammalian cells. Results Circulating CD14+ cells in normal individuals were found to express hRasGRP4. The levels of the hRasGRP4 transcript were significantly higher in the PBMCs of our RA patients relative to healthy individuals. Sequence analysis of hRasGRP4 cDNAs from these PBMCs revealed 10 novel splice variants. Aberrantly spliced hRasGRP4 transcripts were more frequent in the RA patients than in normal individuals. The presence of one of these abnormal splice variants was linked to RA. The levels of hRasGRP4 protein in PBMCs tended to be lower. As expected, the defective transcripts led to altered and/or nonfunctional protein in terms of P44/42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. Conclusions The identification of defective isoforms of hRasGRP4 transcripts in the PBMCs of RA patients raises the possibility that dysregulated expression of hRasGRP4 in developing monocytes plays a pathogenic role in a subset of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toko Hashimoto
- Department of Medicine II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) promote a wide range of localized and systemic inflammatory responses. Their involvement in immediate as well as chronic inflammatory reactions at both local and distal sites points to an extraordinarily powerful immunoregulatory capacity with spatial and temporal versatility. MCs are preferentially found in close proximity to both vascular and lymphatic vessels. On activation, they undergo a biphasic secretory response involving the rapid release of prestored vasoactive mediators followed by de novo synthesized products. Many actions of MCs are related to their capacity to regulate vascular flow and permeability and to the recruitment of various inflammatory cells from the vasculature into inflammatory sites. These mediators often work in an additive fashion and achieve their inflammatory effects locally by directly acting on the vascular and lymphatic endothelia, but they also can affect distal sites. Along these lines, the lymphatic and endothelial vasculatures of the host act as a conduit for the dissemination of MC signals during inflammation. The central role of the MC-endothelial cell axis to immune homeostasis is emphasized by the fact that some of the most effective current treatments for inflammatory disorders are directed at interfering with this interaction.
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Ra J, Chung JH, Lee H, Kim J. Reduction of interleukin-1β induced matrix metalloproteinase-3 release by extracts of six plants: inhibitory screening of 35 traditional medicinal plants. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:461-5. [PMID: 21247370 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.537663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, leading to destruction of the cartilage. The objective of this study was to investigate and discuss the suitability of the 35 medicinal plants as therapeutic candidates to treat RA. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), derived from patients with RA, were adjusted to 2 × 10(6) cells/mL in a 24-well plate and pretreated with the distilled water extracts of the 35 plants (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) for 1 h followed by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (1 ng/mL) for 24 h. The concentration of MMP-3 was then determined using a Duoset ELISA Kit. The six plants (Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, AC; Bambusae Caulis In Taeniam, BC; Cassiae Semen, CS; Corni Fructus, CF; Leonuri Herba, LH; Schizonepetae Spica, SS) showed no toxicity, including MMP-3. The MMP-3 level was increased by 3.38-fold (212.23 μg/mL) in IL-1β-stimulated FLSs. The IL-1β-induced MMP-3 level was significantly and dose-dependently reduced by >50% by the six plants (P < 0.01: at 100 μg/ mL of CS and LH, P < 0.001: at 10 μg/mL of all plants, and at 100 μg/mL of AC, BC, CF, and SS). This is the first study on the MMP-3 inhibitory effect of the examined plants in FLSs isolated from RA patients. From our original research, the six candidate plants were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehyeon Ra
- Department of Oriental Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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An essential role for mast cells as modulators of neutrophils influx in collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse. J Transl Med 2011; 91:33-42. [PMID: 20714326 PMCID: PMC3498880 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are involved in immune disorders so that many of the proinflammatory and tissue destructive mediators produced by these cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This scenario prompted us to investigate the correlation between mast cell degranulation and neutrophil influx within the digits and knees joints of arthritic mice assessing what could be the functional role(s) of joint mast cells in the response to collagen immunization. DBA/1J mice were submitted to collagen-induced arthritis and disease was assessed on day 21, 32 and 42 post-immunization. Pharmacological treatment with the glucocorticoid prednisolone, commonly used in the clinic, and nedocromil, a mast cell stabilizer, was performed from day 21 to 30. Arthritis develop after immunization, gradually increased up to day 42. Neutrophil infiltration peaked on day 32 and 21, in the digits and knees, respectively, showing an unequal pattern of recruitment between these tissues. This difference emerged for mast cells: they peaked in the digits on day 21, but a higher degree of degranulation could be measured in the knee joints. Uneven modulation of arthritis occurred after treatment of mice with prednisolone or nedocromil. Neutrophils migration to the tissue was reduced after both therapies, but only prednisolone augmented mast cell migration to the joints. Nedocromil exerted inhibitory properties both on mast cell proliferation and migration, more effectively on the digit joints. Thus, collagen induced an inflammatory process characterized by tissue mast cells activation and degranulation, suggesting a potential driving force in propagating inflammatory circuits yielding recruitment of neutrophils. However, the different degree of affected joint involvement suggests a time-related implication of digits and knees during collagen-induced arthritis development. These results provide evidence for local alterations whereby mast cells contribute to the initiation of inflammatory arthritis and may be targeted in intervention strategies.
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Funabashi K, Fujii M, Yamamura H, Ohya S, Imaizumi Y. Contribution of chloride channel conductance to the regulation of resting membrane potential in chondrocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:94-9. [PMID: 20453434 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10026sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of Cl(-) conductance relative to that of K(+) in the regulation of membrane potential was examined using OUMS-27 cells, a model cell-line of human chondrocytes. Application of 100 microM niflumic acid (NFA) and other anion-channel blockers induced significant membrane hyperpolarization. The NFA-sensitive membrane current under voltage-clamp was predominantly Cl(-) current. Application of NFA induced small but significant increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and markedly enhanced the late component of [Ca(2+)](i) rise induced by 1 microM histamine. In conclusion, Cl(-) conductance substantially contributes to the regulation of resting membrane potential and [Ca(2+)](i) in OUMS-27 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Funabashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
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Funabashi K, Ohya S, Yamamura H, Hatano N, Muraki K, Giles W, Imaizumi Y. Accelerated Ca2+ entry by membrane hyperpolarization due to Ca2+-activated K+ channel activation in response to histamine in chondrocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298:C786-97. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00469.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In articular cartilage inflammation, histamine release from mast cells is a key event. It can enhance cytokine production and matrix synthesis and also promote cell proliferation by stimulating chondrocytes. In this study, the functional impact of Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in chondrocytes in response to histamine was examined using OUMS-27 cells, as a model of chondrocytes derived from human chondrosarcoma. Application of histamine induced a significant [Ca2+]i rise and also membrane hyperpolarization, and both effects were mediated by the stimulation of H1 receptors. The histamine-induced membrane hyperpolarization was attenuated to ∼50% by large-conductance KCa (BK) channel blockers, and further reduced by intermediate (IK) and small conductance KCa (SK) channel blockers. The tonic component of histamine-induced [Ca2+]i rise strongly depended on the presence of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) and was markedly reduced by La3+ or Gd3+ but not by nifedipine. It was significantly attenuated by BK channel blockers, and further blocked by the cocktail of BK, IK, and SK channel blockers. The KCa blocker cocktail also significantly reduced the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which was induced by Ca2+ addition after store-depletion by thapsigargin in [Ca2+]o free solution. Our results demonstrate that the histamine-induced membrane hyperpolarization in chondrocytes due to KCa channel activation contributes to sustained Ca2+ entry mainly through SOCE channels in OUMS-27 cells. Thus, KCa channels appear to play an important role in the positive feedback mechanism of [Ca2+]i regulation in chondrocytes in the presence of articular cartilage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Funabashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatano
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Wayne Giles
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Xu D, Jiang HR, Li Y, Pushparaj PN, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Leung BP, Mu R, Tay HK, McKenzie ANJ, McInnes IB, Melendez AJ, Liew FY. IL-33 exacerbates autoantibody-induced arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2620-6. [PMID: 20139274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis comprises dysregulation in both innate and adaptive immunity. There is therefore intense interest in the factors that integrate these immunologic pathways in rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we report that IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1 family, can exacerbate anti-glucose-6-phosphate isomerase autoantibody-induced arthritis (AIA). Mice lacking ST2 (ST2(-/-)), the IL-33 receptor alpha-chain, developed attenuated AIA and reduced expression of articular proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, treatment of wild-type mice with rIL-33 significantly exacerbated AIA and markedly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production. However, IL-33 failed to increase the severity of the disease in mast cell-deficient or ST2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, mast cells from wild-type, but not ST2(-/-), mice restored the ability of ST2(-/-) recipients to mount an IL-33-mediated exacerbation of AIA. IL-33 also enhanced autoantibody-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and in synovial tissue in vivo. Together these results demonstrate that IL-33 can enhance autoantibody-mediated articular inflammation via promoting mast cell degranulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Because IL-33 is derived predominantly from synovial fibroblasts, this finding provides a novel mechanism whereby a host tissue-derived cytokine can regulate effector adaptive immune response via enhancing innate cellular activation in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damo Xu
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Morales-Torres J. R788 (fostamatinib disodium): a novel approach for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/ijr.09.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Carvalho RFS, Ulfgren AK, Engström M, Klint EA, Nilsson G. CD153 in rheumatoid arthritis: detection of a soluble form in serum and synovial fluid, and expression by mast cells in the rheumatic synovium. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:501-7. [PMID: 19208589 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A CD30-CD153 mast cell axis has been described in skin inflammations and Hodgkin's lymphoma. We investigated if a soluble form of CD153 is present in the serum and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and determined whether mast cells express CD153 in the synovium of these patients. METHODS Soluble forms of CD30 and CD153 were quantified in serum and SF of patients with RA by ELISA. Consecutive sections of synovial biopsies from 12 patients were stained against tryptase (mast-cell marker), CD30, and CD153. RESULTS Elevated concentrations of the soluble form of CD153 were found in serum from 14/15 RA patients. In the SF, 11/20 patients had detectable levels of soluble CD153. CD30 and CD153 were expressed in all biopsies that were studied. Mast cells were present in all the synovial biopsies, and expressed CD153 in one-third of the cases. CONCLUSION We observed that CD153 was expressed in the synovium of patients with RA and we were able to correlate the serum levels of soluble CD153 with SF levels in the same patients. Because CD30 can activate mast cells to release chemokines without degranulation, our finding that mast cells express CD153 in RA synovium raises the possibility that a CD30-CD153 axis may contribute to the activation of synovial mast cells in the absence of degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F S Carvalho
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, KS-L2:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Weinblatt ME, Kavanaugh A, Burgos-Vargas R, Dikranian AH, Medrano-Ramirez G, Morales-Torres JL, Murphy FT, Musser TK, Straniero N, Vicente-Gonzales AV, Grossbard E. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a Syk kinase inhibitor: a twelve-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:3309-18. [PMID: 18975322 DOI: 10.1002/art.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) has been identified as an important modulator of immune signaling in B cells and cells bearing Fcgamma-activating receptors. R788, a prodrug of active metabolite R406, has been shown to be an inhibitor of Syk kinase, active in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models, suggesting potential activity in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We enrolled 189 patients with active RA despite methotrexate therapy in a 3-month, multicenter, ascending-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The primary end point was the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) response rate at week 12. RESULTS Twice-daily oral doses of 100 mg and 150 mg of R788 were significantly superior to placebo or twice-daily oral doses of 50 mg at week 12 (ACR20 achieved in 65% and 72% versus 38% and 32% of patients, respectively [P < 0.01]). ACR50 (achieved in 49% and 57% versus 19% and 17% of patients, respectively) and ACR70 (achieved in 33% and 40% versus 4% and 2% of patients, respectively) scores showed a similar pattern. Clinical effect was noted as early as 1 week after initiation of therapy. Reductions in serum interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 levels also occurred as early as week 1 in the groups receiving 100 mg and 150 mg R788. The major adverse effects were gastrointestinal side effects (predominantly diarrhea) and neutropenia (<1,500/mm3), both of which were dose related. CONCLUSION These results indicate that an inhibitor of Syk kinase produces significant clinical benefits at 12 weeks in a population of patients with active RA receiving methotrexate therapy. Syk kinase may be an important new therapeutic target in RA and related autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Weinblatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hong MH, Lee JY, Jung H, Jin DH, Go HY, Kim JH, Jang BH, Shin YC, Ko SG. Sophora flavescens Aiton inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of the NF kappaB/IkappaB signal pathway in human mast cell line (HMC-1). Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 23:251-8. [PMID: 19118619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dried roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton (SFA) has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of inflammation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, and asthma. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SFA on the inflammatory allergic reaction using human mast cell-1 (HMC-1). SFA (200mg/kg) inhibited the mast cell-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in vivo and the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80. In addition, the expression levels of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 were also decreased by SFA treatment. In molecular mechanism level, this study showed that SFA inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF) kappaB through inhibition of the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB-alpha, which is an inhibitor of NF kappaB. Moreover, SFA suppressed PMA plus A23187-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase. The inhibited induction of NF kappaB promoter by SFA was determined using luciferase activity. These results suggest that SFA could be used as a treatment for mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Hong
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, #1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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The mouse mast cell-restricted tetramer-forming tryptases mouse mast cell protease 6 and mouse mast cell protease 7 are critical mediators in inflammatory arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2338-46. [PMID: 18668540 DOI: 10.1002/art.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased numbers of mast cells (MCs) that express beta tryptases bound to heparin have been detected in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The corresponding tryptases in mice are mouse MC protease 6 (mMCP-6) and mMCP-7. Although MCs have been implicated in RA and some animal models of arthritis, no direct evidence for a MC-restricted tryptase in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis has been shown. We created transgenic mice that lack heparin and different combinations of mMCP-6 and mMCP-7, to evaluate the roles of MC-restricted tryptase-heparin complexes in an experimental model of arthritis. METHODS The methylated bovine serum albumin/interleukin-1beta (mBSA/IL-1beta) experimental protocol was used to induce inflammatory monarthritis in different mouse strains. Mice were killed at the time of peak disease on day 7, and histochemical methods were used to assess joint pathology. RESULTS Arthritis was induced in the knee joints of mBSA/IL-1beta-treated mMCP-6(+)/mMCP-7(-) and mMCP-6(-)/mMCP-7(+) C57BL/6 mice, and numerous activated MCs that had exocytosed the contents of their secretory granules were observed in the diseased mice. In contrast, arthritis was markedly reduced in heparin-deficient mice and in mMCP-6(-)/mMCP-7(-) C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSION MC-derived tryptase-heparin complexes play important roles in mBSA/IL-1beta-induced arthritis. Because mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 can compensate for each other in this disease model, the elimination of both tryptases is necessary to reveal the prominent roles of these serine proteases in joint inflammation and destruction. Our data suggest that the inhibition of MC-restricted tryptases could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of RA.
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Brun J. Proteasome inhibition as a novel therapy in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:65-72. [PMID: 18424014 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an erosive joint disease affecting about 1% of the population. The joint destruction is primarily mediated by special cells called fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which undergo an expansion forming a pannus that destroys the joint. Apoptosis has been rarely detected in the synovial lining. This has lead to the identification of pro-survival factors that are expressed in FLS at the sites of the pannus including mutant p53, hrd1, sentrin, and NF-kappaB. Current anti-inflammatory modalities only bring upon temporary relief and do not treat the pannus. Therefore, the FLS remain intact, joint destruction proceeds, patients relapse and eventually become resistant to all forms of therapy. To date, surgical removal of the pannus remains the only option to help delay further joint destruction. Therefore, we believe the future should hold a less invasive approach using a class of novel drugs called proteasome inhibitors to attenuate the growth of the FLS. We suggest the use of a novel proteasome inhibitor PS-341 to treat RA patients. PS-341 has been shown to induce apoptosis in many cancer cell lines and has lead to successful outcomes in phase II and III clinical trials of multiple myeloma. Moreover, PS-341 has been shown to sensitize a variety of cell lines to chemotherapeutic drugs, some of which are used as conventional therapy in RA. We hypothesize that PS-341 alone and/or in combination with conventional RA therapies could induce apoptosis in FLS in vitro and in vivo thereby treating the pannus. Prior to clinical use extensive research examining the effects of PS-341 in animal models of arthritis would be essential in order to understand the effects proteasome inhibition in disease biology. Overall, the purpose of our hypothesis is to suggest a realistic and alternative treatment for patients with refractory and non-refractory arthritic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brun
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Room 3103, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Haynes D, Crotti T, Weedon H, Slavotinek J, Au V, Coleman M, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Ahern M, Smith MD. Modulation of RANKL and osteoprotegerin expression in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis in response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment and correlation with radiologic outcome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 59:911-20. [PMID: 18576301 DOI: 10.1002/art.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the effect of treatment with disease-modifying agents on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL in the synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to correlate these changes with radiologic damage measured on sequential radiographs of the hands and feet. METHODS Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained at arthroscopy from 25 patients with active RA (16 of whom had a disease duration <12 months) before and at 3-6-month intervals after starting treatment with a disease-modifying agent. Immunohistologic analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies to detect OPG and RANKL expression, with staining quantitated using computer-assisted image analysis and semiquantitative analysis techniques. Serial radiographs of the hands and feet were analyzed independently by 2 radiologists and a rheumatologist using the van der Heide modification of the Sharp scoring method. RESULTS Thirteen patients achieved a low disease state as defined by a disease activity score <2.6 while 19 patients achieved an American College of Rheumatology response >20% after disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment. Successful DMARD treatment resulted in an increase in OPG expression and a decrease in RANKL expression at the synovial tissue level, which correlated with a reduction in erosion scores measured on annual radiographs of the hands and feet. CONCLUSION Successful treatment-induced modulation of OPG and RANKL expression at the synovial tissue level, resulting in a reduction in the RANKL:OPG ratio, is likely to have a significant impact on osteoclast formation and joint damage in patients with active RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Haynes
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Albertini R, Villaverde AB, Aimbire F, Bjordal J, Brugnera A, Mittmann J, Silva JA, Costa M. Cytokine mRNA expression is decreased in the subplantar muscle of rat paw subjected to carrageenan-induced inflammation after low-level laser therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 26:19-24. [PMID: 18248157 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy, applied at different wavelengths (660 and 684 nm), on cytokine mRNA expression after carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rat paw. BACKGROUND DATA Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been observed to reduce pain in inflammatory disorders. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind this effect or whether it is wavelength-specific. MATERIALS AND METHODS The test sample consisted of 32 rats divided into four groups: A(1) (control-saline), A(2) (carrageenan-only), A(3) (carrageenan + 660 nm laser therapy), and A(4) (carrageenan + 684 nm laser therapy). The animals from groups A(3) and A(4) were irradiated 1 h after induction of inflammation by carrageenan injection. Continuous-wave red lasers with wavelengths of 660 and 684 nm and dose of 7.5 J/cm(2) were used. RESULTS Both the 660 nm and 684 nm laser groups had 30%-40% lower mRNA expression for cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the paw muscle tissue than the carrageenan-only control group. Cytokine measurements were made 3 h after laser irradiation of the paw muscle, and all cytokine differences between the carrageenan-only control group and the LLLT groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LLLT at the 660-nm and 684-nm wavelengths administered to inflamed rat paw tissue at a dose of 7.5 J/cm(2) reduce cytokine mRNA expression levels within 3 h in the laser-irradiated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Albertini
- Instituto de Pesquisa and Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Tedla N, Lee CW, Borges L, Geczy CL, Arm JP. Differential expression of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors on cord blood-derived human mast cell progenitors and mature mast cells. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 83:334-43. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0507314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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36
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Sawamukai N, Saito K, Yamaoka K, Nakayamada S, Ra C, Tanaka Y. Leflunomide Inhibits PDK1/Akt Pathway and Induces Apoptosis of Human Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6479-84. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Eklund KK. Mast cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and as potential targets for anti-rheumatic therapy. Immunol Rev 2007; 217:38-52. [PMID: 17498050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mast cells (MCs), in addition to acute allergic reactions, are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and in particular in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MCs reside in connective tissues and in synovial tissue of joints. They produce an array of proinflammatory mediators, tissue destructive proteases, and cytokines, most prominently tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which is one of the key cytokines in the pathogenesis of RA. MCs may also participate in the development of secondary or amyloid A amyloidosis, as the partial degradation of the serum amyloid A (SAA) protein by MCs leads to the generation of a highly amyloidogenic N-terminal fragment of SAA. MCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases, scleroderma, vasculitic syndromes, and systemic lupus erythematosus, although the data available are limited. Inhibition of the most important growth factor receptor of human MCs, c-Kit, by the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate, induces apoptosis of synovial tissue MCs. As MCs are long-lived cells, induction of their apoptosis could be a feasible approach to inhibit their functions. Preliminary findings suggest that a drug that inhibits c-Kit could have anti-rheumatic activity in the treatment of patients with RA and spondyloarthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari K Eklund
- Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Matsumoto M, Kunimitsu S, Wada K, Ikeda M, Keyama A, Kodama H. Mast cell distribution, activation, and phenotype in xanthoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56:1006-12. [PMID: 17504717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated mast cells enhance the uptake of mast cell-derived proteoglycan-low-density lipoprotein complexes by macrophages. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate mast cell contribution to the pathogenesis of xanthoma. METHODS Twenty cases of xanthelasma palpebrarum and 6 cases of tuberous xanthoma lesions were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Xanthelasma lesions contained up to 5-fold more tryptase-stained mast cells than tuberous xanthoma lesions. Tuberous xanthoma lesions especially showed extensive staining of tryptase around mast cells and within some macrophages and foam cells. More than 99% of mast cells in xanthelasma lesions contained both tryptase and chymase. Approximately 60% of mast cells represented only tryptase in tuberous xanthoma lesions where the ratio of macrophages to tryptase-stained mast cells was extremely high (15:1) as compared with xanthelasma lesions (2:1). LIMITATIONS A change in mast cell phenotype has not been necessarily proven. CONCLUSION Mast cells are activated under the microenvironment in which macrophages predominate rather than mast cells, which thus reflects the clinical phenotypes of xanthoma lesions.
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Abstract
Mast cells reside in the normal synovium and increase strikingly in number in rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases. Given the broad spectrum of activity of this lineage, it has for decades been considered probable that mast cells are involved in the pathophysiology of synovitis. Recent work in murine arthritis has substantiated this suspicion, showing that mast cells can contribute importantly to the initiation of inflammatory arthritis. However, the role of the greatly expanded population of synovial mast cells in established arthritis remains unknown. Here we review the current understanding of mast cell function in acute arthritis and consider the potentially important influence of this cell on key processes within the chronically inflamed synovium, including leukocyte recruitment and activation, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and injury to collagen and bone. We also consider recent evidence supporting an immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory role for mast cells as well as pharmacologic approaches to the mast cell as a therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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40
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Masi L, Maddali Bongi S, Angotti C, Del Monte F, Carbonell Sala S, Basetti M, Amedei A, Falchetti A, Brandi ML. The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and estrogen receptor (ER-α) gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF OSTEOPOROSIS, MINERAL METABOLISM, AND SKELETAL DISEASES 2007; 4:156-60. [PMID: 22461216 PMCID: PMC2781235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Osteoclast activation at the cartilage pannus junction is an essential step in the destruction of bone matrix in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand (RANK-L) is responsible for osteoclast differentiation and activation. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an alternative, high-affinity soluble receptor for RANK-L which significantly inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Estrogens and the specific receptors α and β (ER-α and ER-α) are known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). Scope of the present study is to investigate the role of ER-α and OPG gene polymorphisms in a group of women affected by RA.Materials and Methods. 139 consecutive RA patients (115 females and 34 males; median age 65.8 years) were selected. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptinometry at the lumbar spine (LS-BMD) and femoral neck (FN-BMD) and the presence of bone erosions was evaluated by conventional X-ray. ER-α gene polymorphisms were determined by PvuII and XbaI restriction endonuclease digestion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. By convention, the presence of the endonuclease restriction site was indicated with lowercase (p and x) letters while the absence of the restriction site was indicated with uppercase letters (P and X). OPG gene polymorphism was determined by RsaI restriction endonuclease digestion of PCR products and the presence and absence of restriction fragment was identified as TT and CC respectively.Results. Pearson's χ(2)analysis for the ER-α gene polymorphism showed a prevalence of Pp genotype (58%) (p=0.04) and Xx (54%) (p=0.04) in the total population, without differences between males and females. We did not observed any significant differences between ER-α genotypes and LS-BMD. However subjects with xx or pp genotype had a lower LS-BMD in comparison with the opposite genotype.For OPG gene polymorphism, non significant differences in the distribution of the genotypes were observed between males and females. In addition, we did not observed significant differences on LS-BMD between the genotypes.Finally, we observed that patients with ER-α pp genotype was significant more represented in patients with hand erosions (p = 0.05). No significant correlation was observed for ER-α XbaI genotype, however a trend characterized by a correlation between xx and hand erosions was observed (p = 0.13). For OPG gene polymorphism, we found a statistical correlation between C allele of OPG and hands bone erosions (p = 0.02).Conclusion. We found a significant association between ER-α and OPG gene polymorphisms and the presence of bone erosions in RA patients. These preliminary data suggest a role of ER-α and OPG gene polymorphisms in bone turnover and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Zhang M, Venable JD, Thurmond RL. The histamine H4 receptor in autoimmune disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:1443-52. [PMID: 17040202 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.11.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Histamine exerts its actions through four known receptors. The recently cloned histamine receptor, H4R, has been shown to have a role in chemotaxis and mediator release in various types of immune cells including mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells and T cells. H4R antagonists have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and efficacy in a number of disease models, such as those for asthma and colitis in vivo. Recently, H4R antagonists have been developed with high receptor affinity and specificity, which make them good tools for further characterisation of the receptor in animal models and, eventually, in humans. Histamine and the cells that produce it, such as mast cells and basophils, have long been thought to be involved in allergic conditions but there has recently been recognition that they may also play a role in various autoimmune diseases. Given this and the fact that the H4R has function in mast cells, dendritic cells and T cells, antagonists for the receptor may be useful in treating autoimmune diseases in addition to allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Zhang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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42
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Kanazawa S, Ota S, Sekine C, Tada T, Otsuka T, Okamoto T, Sønderstrup G, Peterlin BM. Aberrant MHC class II expression in mouse joints leads to arthritis with extraarticular manifestations similar to rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14465-70. [PMID: 16980409 PMCID: PMC1599985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606450103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with certain MHC class II molecules. To clarify the role of these determinants in RA, we generated the D1CC transgenic mouse that expressed genes involved in antigen processing and presentation by the MHC class II pathway in joints. The class II transactivator, which was transcribed from the rat collagen type II promoter and enhancer, directed the expression of these genes. In D1CC mice congenic for the H-2(q) (DBA/1) background, small amounts of bovine collagen type II in adjuvant induced reproducibly an inflammatory arthritis resembling RA. Importantly, these stimuli had no effect in DBA/1 mice. Eighty-nine percent of D1CC mice developed chronic disease with joint swelling, redness, and heat in association with synovial proliferation as well as pannus formation and mononuclear infiltration of synovial membranes. Granulomatous lesions resembling rheumatoid nodules and interstitial pneumonitis also were observed. As in patients with RA, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies were detected during the inflammatory stage. Finally, joints in D1CC mice displayed juxtaarticular demineralization, severe joint space narrowing, and erosions, which led to ankylosis, but without the appearance of osteophytes. Thus, aberrant expression of MHC class II in joints facilitates the development of severe erosive inflammatory polyarthritis, which is very similar to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shusuke Ota
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
| | - Chiyoko Sekine
- Research Unit for Clinical Immunology, Riken Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tokyo 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Tada
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Nursing, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Musculoskeletal Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Grete Sønderstrup
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5124; and
| | - B. Matija Peterlin
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0703
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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Di Girolamo N, Indoh I, Jackson N, Wakefield D, McNeil HP, Yan W, Geczy C, Arm JP, Tedla N. Human Mast Cell-Derived Gelatinase B (Matrix Metalloproteinase-9) Is Regulated by Inflammatory Cytokines: Role in Cell Migration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2638-50. [PMID: 16888026 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are key effectors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and tissue destructive diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These cells contain specialized secretory granules loaded with bioactive molecules including cytokines, growth factors, and proteases that are released upon activation. This study investigated the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 (gelatinase B) in human mast cells by cytokines that are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. Immunohistochemical staining of synovial tissue showed abundant expression of MMP-9 by synovial tissue mast cells in patients with RA but not in normal controls. The expression, activity, and production of MMP-9 in mast cells was confirmed by RT-PCR, zymography, and Western blotting using cord blood-derived human mast cells (CB-HMC). Treatment of CB-HMC with TNF-alpha significantly increased the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and up-regulated the activity of MMP-9 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By contrast, IFN-gamma inhibited MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression. The cytokine-mediated regulation of MMP-9 was also apparent in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) and in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Furthermore, TNF-alpha significantly increased the invasiveness of CB-HMC across Matrigel-coated membranes while the addition of IFN-gamma, rTIMP-1, or pharmacological MMP inhibitors significantly reduced this process. These observations suggest that MMP-9 is not a stored product in mast cells but these cells are capable of producing this enzyme under inflammatory conditions that may facilitate the migration of mast cell progenitors to sites of inflammation and may also contribute to local tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Di Girolamo
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Shiota N, Shimoura K, Okunishi H. Pathophysiological role of mast cells in collagen-induced arthritis: study with a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 548:158-66. [PMID: 16949072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the number of mast cells was increased in the inflamed paws of collagen-induced arthritis in mice, and treatment with a mast cell-stabilizing compound effectively suppressed the development of collagen-induced arthritis. A recent in vitro study showed that mast cells express cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor, and that a cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist inhibits the production of TNF-alpha by mast cells. To further investigate the role of mast cells in vivo, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of a cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, montelukast, on the development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Montelukast (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was orally administered to mice for 12 weeks, starting 6 weeks after immunization with bovine type II collagen. Treatment with montelukast significantly reduced clinical scores and X-ray scores of collagen-induced arthritis, and decreased the number of mast cells in the inflamed paws of collagen-induced arthritic mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that mast cells in the inflamed synovium were one of the major cells producing TNF-alpha and that the number of TNF-alpha positive mast cells was significantly reduced by treatment with montelukast. Furthermore, TNF-alpha and SCF mRNA levels in the paws of collagen-induced arthritic mice were markedly decreased by montelukast treatment. Montelukast may lead to a beneficial therapeutic effect by inhibiting TNF-alpha production by mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Shiota
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
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Atkins SR, Matteson EL, Myers JL, Ryu JH, Bongartz T. Morphological and quantitative assessment of mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis associated non-specific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:677-80. [PMID: 16611865 PMCID: PMC1798120 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.043877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mast cells in extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been studied so far. OBJECTIVE To characterise and quantify mast cells in RA associated interstitial pneumonia (IP) by an immunohistological study. METHODS Lung biopsy specimens from 15 patients with RA associated IP, 12 patients with idiopathic IP, and 5 control patients were stained with antibodies directed against tryptase (mast cell marker). Morphological characterisation of stained specimens was carried out and staining was quantified by computer assisted image analysis. RESULTS Tryptase staining showed the marked presence of mast cells in idiopathic IP and in RA associated IP. A significant difference in stained tissue area was found between RA associated IP (2.6%, IQR 2.0-3.2%, p = 0.015) and idiopathic IP (3.1%, IQR 1.8-3.7%, p = 0.003) compared with control tissue specimens (1.0%, IQR 0.7-1.5%). The extent of mast cell infiltration correlated well and inversely with pulmonary function variables. CONCLUSIONS Mast cell infiltrates are present in RA associated IP and idiopathic IP. The observed correlation of pulmonary function and mast cell numbers would be consistent with the proposed role of mast cell mediators in the promotion of fibrogenesis. The findings provide a rationale for studying functional aspects of mast cell involvement in the pathogenesis of RA associated lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Atkins
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Maruotti N, Crivellato E, Cantatore FP, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2006; 26:1-4. [PMID: 16741781 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-006-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease of joints that is characterized by inflammation, abnormal cellular and humoral immune responses, and synovial hyperplasia. Mast cells (MCs) are involved in several of these inflammatory and immune events. MC-derived mediators induce edema, destroy connective tissue, and are involved in lymphocyte chemotaxis and infiltration and in pathological fibrosis of RA joints. Moreover, MCs are involved in angiogenesis during RA, and their proteolytic activity results in cartilage destruction and bone remodeling. Lastly, MCs could be a target in the treatment of RA.
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Macotela Y, Aguilar MB, Guzmán-Morales J, Rivera JC, Zermeño C, López-Barrera F, Nava G, Lavalle C, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Matrix metalloproteases from chondrocytes generate an antiangiogenic 16 kDa prolactin. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1790-800. [PMID: 16608881 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16 kDa N-terminal fragment of prolactin (16K-prolactin) is a potent antiangiogenic factor. Here, we demonstrate that matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) produced and secreted by chondrocytes generate biologically functional 16K-prolactin from full-length prolactin. When incubated with human prolactin at neutral pH, chondrocyte extracts and conditioned medium, as well as chondrocytes in culture, cleaved the Ser155-Leu156 peptide bond in prolactin, yielding - upon reduction of intramolecular disulfide bonds - a 16 kDa N-terminal fragment. This 16K-prolactin inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. The Ser155-Leu156 site is highly conserved, and both human and rat prolactin were cleaved at this site by chondrocytes from either species. Conversion of prolactin to 16K-prolactin by chondrocyte lysates was completely abolished by the MMP inhibitors EDTA, GM6001 or 1,10-phenanthroline. Purified MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 cleaved human prolactin at Gln157, one residue downstream from the chondrocyte protease cleavage site, with the following relative potency: MMP-8>MMP-13 >MMP-3>MMP-1=MMP-2>MMP-9. Finally, chondrocytes expressed prolactin mRNA (as revealed by RT-PCR) and they contained and released antiangiogenic N-terminal 16 kDa prolactin (detected by western blot and endothelial cell proliferation). These results suggest that several matrix metalloproteases in cartilage generate antiangiogenic 16K-prolactin from systemically derived or locally produced prolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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48
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Juurikivi A, Sandler C, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT, Juutilainen T, Leskinen MJ, Mäki T, Eklund KK. Inhibition of c-kit tyrosine kinase by imatinib mesylate induces apoptosis in mast cells in rheumatoid synovia: a potential approach to the treatment of arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:1126-31. [PMID: 16014680 PMCID: PMC1755598 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.029835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis, but elucidation of their precise role has been hampered by a lack of efficient and selective inhibitors of their function. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to assess whether apoptosis of cultured and synovial tissue mast cells can be induced by inhibiting mast cell growth factor receptor, c-kit tyrosine kinase. METHODS AND RESULTS Double staining with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and tryptase antibodies showed the presence of TNFalpha positive mast cells in human rheumatoid synovial tissue. Selective activation of mast cells by anti-IgE resulted in production of TNFalpha in synovial tissue cultures. Inhibition of the c-kit tyrosine kinase with imatinib mesylate (1.0-10 micromol/l) induced profound apoptosis in cultured mast cells as judged by typical apoptotic morphology, increased number of apoptotic nucleosomes, and activation of caspases 8 and 9. Importantly, imatinib also induced apoptosis of mast cells in explant cultures of synovial tissue obtained from patients with RA as judged by a TUNEL assay. Inhibition of c-kit tyrosine kinase was accompanied by significant reduction of TNFalpha production in synovial tissue cultures. CONCLUSION Mast cells may have a role in the pathogenesis of RA, and inhibition of c-kit may be a new means of inhibiting mast cell activity and of abrogating the contribution of mast cells to synovial inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Juurikivi
- Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Kasarmikatu 11-13, 00130 Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Shin HY, Song YS, Kim HM, Shin TY. Inhibitory effect of inflammatory cytokines production from activated mast cells by Gamisopoonghwanghyul-tang. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2005; 26:587-96. [PMID: 15658607 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200042351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its exact cause and pathophysiological process remain unclear. Because the mast cell contains potent mediators, including multifunctional cytokines, its potential contributions to the processes of inflammation and matrix degradation have recently become evident. Gamisopoonghwanghyul-tang (GSPHHT) has been used as a traditional Korean medicine for the treatment of RA. In this study, we investigated the effect of Gamisopoonghwanghyul-tang (GSPHHT) on the production of inflammatory cytokines by activated human mast cell line HMC-1 cells. When GSPHHT (1 mg/ mL) was added, the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 was inhibited by 36.3%, 36.3%, 30.8%, 48.7% respectively in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells. However, the production of IL-4 was significantly increased at 0.01 mg/mL. GSPHHT had no effect on TNF-alpha mRNA expression. These results suggest that GSPHHT regulates production of inflammatory cytokines from activated mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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50
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Kim SJ, Lee EJ, Song YS, Jeong HJ, Lee KM, Kim HR, Chae HJ, Shin TY, Kim YK, Hong SH, Kim HM. Cheongyeolsaseuptang inhibits production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as NF-kappa B activation in human mast cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:83-88. [PMID: 15652280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 10/03/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Korean medicine, Cheongyeolsaseuptang (CYSST) has been widely applied as a treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. Recent reports suggest that in patients with RA, synovial mast cells increase in number and show signs of activation and production of cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of CYSST on production of cytokines by activated human mast cell line, HMC-1. When CYSST (1mg/ml) was added, the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 was significantly inhibited about 37, 33.6, and 48%, respectively on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells. In addition, CYSST inhibited PMA plus A23187-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. These findings may help understanding the mechanism of action of this medicine leading to control activated mast cells on inflammatory condition like RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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