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Trejo-Zambrano MI, Gómez-Bañuelos E, Andrade F. Redox-Mediated Carbamylation As a Hapten Model Applied to the Origin of Antibodies to Modified Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:389-409. [PMID: 33906423 PMCID: PMC8982126 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The production of antibodies to posttranslationally modified antigens is a hallmark in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, the presence of citrullination-associated antibodies, targeting both citrullinating enzymes (the peptidylarginine deiminases [PADs]) and citrullinated antigens (anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPAs]), has suggested that dysregulated citrullination is relevant for disease pathogenesis. Antibodies to other protein modifications with physicochemical similarities to citrulline, such as carbamylated-lysine and acetylated-lysine, have also gained interest in RA, but their mechanistic relation to ACPAs remains unclear. Recent Advances: Recent studies using RA-derived monoclonal antibodies have found that ACPAs are cross-reactive to carbamylated and acetylated peptides, challenging our understanding of the implications of such cross-reactivity. Critical Issues: Analogous to the classic antibody response to chemically modified proteins, we examine the possibility that antibodies to modified proteins in RA are more likely to resemble antihapten antibodies rather than autoantibodies. This potential shift in the autoantibody paradigm in RA offers the opportunity to explore new mechanisms involved in the origin and cross-reactivity of pathogenic antibodies in RA. In contrast to citrullination, carbamylation is a chemical modification associated with oxidative stress, it is highly immunogenic, and is considered in the group of posttranslational modification-derived products. We discuss the possibility that carbamylated proteins are antigenic drivers of cross-reacting antihapten antibodies that further create the ACPA response, and that ACPAs may direct the production of antibodies to PAD enzymes. Future Directions: Understanding the complexity of autoantibodies in RA is critical to develop tools to clearly define their origin, identify drivers of disease propagation, and develop novel therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 389-409.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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de França NR, Ménard HA, Lora M, Zhou Z, Rauch J, Hitchon C, Andrade LEC, Colmegna I. Characterization and use of the ECV304 autoantigenic citrullinome to understand anti-citrullinated protein/peptide autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:23. [PMID: 35027076 PMCID: PMC8756661 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In vivo, ACPAs target peptidyl-citrulline epitopes (cit-) in a variety of proteins (cit-prot-ACPAs) and derived peptides (cit-pept-ACPAs) generated via the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) isoenzymes. We aimed to identify a cell line with self-citrullination capacity, to describe its autoantigenic citrullinome, and to test it as a source of autocitrullinated proteins and peptides. Methods Human cell lines were screened for cit-proteins by Western blot. PAD isoenzymes were identified by RT-PCR. Autocitrullination of ECV304 was optimized, and the ECV304 autocitrullinomes immunoprecipitated by sera from three RA patients were characterized by mass spectrometry. Cit-pept-ACPAs were detected using anti-CCP2 ELISA and cit-prot-ACPAs, by an auto-cit-prot-ECV304 ELISA. Sera from 177 RA patients, 59 non-RA rheumatic disease patients and 25 non-disease controls were tested. Results Of the seven cell lines studied, only ECV304 simultaneously overexpressed PAD2 and PAD3 and its extracts reproducibly autocitrullinated self and non-self-proteins. Proteomic analysis of the cit-ECV304 products immunoprecipitated by RA sera, identified novel cit-targets: calreticulin, profilin 1, vinculin, new 14–3-3 protein family members, chaperones, and mitochondrial enzymes. The auto-cit-prot-ECV304 ELISA had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 95% for RA diagnosis. Conclusions ECV304 cells overexpress two of the PAD isoenzymes capable of citrullinating self-proteins. These autocitrullinated cells constitute a basic and clinical research tool that enable the detection of cit-prot-ACPAs with high diagnostic specificity and allow the identification of the specific cit-proteins targeted by individual RA sera. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02698-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Regine de França
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henri André Ménard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maximilien Lora
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Zhijie Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Joyce Rauch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Carol Hitchon
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Inés Colmegna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Shikonin induces programmed death of fibroblast synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting energy pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18263. [PMID: 34521930 PMCID: PMC8440543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin is the main component of the traditional Chinese medicine comfrey, which can inhibit the activity of PKM2 by regulating glycolysis and ATP production. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells (RA-FLSs) have been reported to increase glycolytic activity and have other similar hallmarks of metabolic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of shikonin on glycolysis, mitochondrial function, and cell death in RA-FLSs. The results showed that shikonin induced apoptosis and autophagy in RA-FLSs by activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting intracellular ATP levels, glycolysis-related proteins, and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Shikonin can significantly reduce the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, paw swelling in rat arthritic tissues, and the levels of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-1β while showing less toxicity to the liver and kidney.
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Xu D, Liang J, Lin J, Yu C. PKM2: A Potential Regulator of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Glycolytic and Non-Glycolytic Pathways. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2919. [PMID: 31921178 PMCID: PMC6930793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, there have been investigations focusing on the role of intracellular glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis of RA. Previous studies have shown that glycolysis of synovial tissue is increased in RA patients, while glycolysis inhibitors can significantly inhibit synovitis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme in glycolysis, catalyzing the final rate-limiting step in the process. An isoform of PK, PKM2, provides favorable conditions for the survival of tumor cells via its glycolytic or non-glycolytic functions and has become a potential therapeutic target in tumors. RA synovium has the characteristic of tumor-like growth, and, moreover, increased expression of PKM2 was identified in the synovial tissue of RA patients in recent studies, indicating the underlying role of PKM2 in RA. PKM2 has potential value as a new therapeutic target or biomarker for RA, but its exact role in RA remains unclear. In this review, the properties of PKM2 and existing research concerning PKM2 and RA are thoroughly reviewed and summarized, and the possible role and mechanism of PKM2 in RA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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McGarry T, Biniecka M, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Hypoxia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:15-24. [PMID: 29601945 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Arthritis is characterized by synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leukocyte extravasation leading to joint destruction and functional disability. Efficiency of oxygen supply to the synovium is poor due to the highly dysregulated synovial microvasculature. This along with the increased energy demands of activated infiltrating immune cells and inflamed resident cells leads to an hypoxic microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction. This favors an increase of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage which further promotes inflammation. In this adverse microenvironment synovial cells adapt to generate energy and switch their cell metabolism from a resting regulatory state to a highly metabolically active state which allows them to produce essential building blocks to support their proliferation. This metabolic shift results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates which act as signaling molecules that further dictate the inflammatory response. Understanding the complex interplay between hypoxia-induced signaling pathways, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function will provide better insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy McGarry
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika Biniecka
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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Choi IY, Lee C, Longo VD. Nutrition and fasting mimicking diets in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases and immunosenescence. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:4-12. [PMID: 28137612 PMCID: PMC5862044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Complex and coordinated signals are necessary to initiate and sustain the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of lymphocytes. These signals, which are known to determine T-cell fate and function, also depend on the metabolic state of the organism. Recent studies indicate that both the type and levels of nutrients can influence the generation, survival and function of lymphocytes and therefore can affect several autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the dysregulation of lymphocytes during autoimmunity and aging, the mechanisms associated with loss of immune function, and how fasting mimicking diets and other dietary interventions affect autoimmunity and immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Choi
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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de Candia P, De Rosa V, Gigantino V, Botti G, Ceriello A, Matarese G. Immunometabolism of human autoimmune diseases: from metabolites to extracellular vesicles. FEBS Lett 2017. [PMID: 28649760 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism focuses on the mechanisms regulating the impact of metabolism on lymphocyte activity and autoimmunity outbreak. The adipose tissue is long known to release adipokines, either pro- or anti-inflammatory factors bridging nutrition and immune function. More recently, adipocytes were discovered to also release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a plethora of biological molecules, including metabolites and microRNAs, which can regulate cell function/metabolism in distant tissues, suggesting that immune regulatory function by the adipose tissue may be far more complex than originally thought. Moreover, EVs were also identified as important mediators of immune cell-to-cell communication, adding a further microenvironmental mechanism of plasticity to fine-tune specific lymphocyte responses. This Review will first focus on the known mechanisms by which metabolism impacts immune function, presenting a systemic (nutrition and long-ranged adipokines) and a cellular point of view (metabolic pathway derangement in autoimmunity). It will then discuss the new discoveries concerning how EVs may act as nanometric vehicles integrating immune/metabolic responses at the level of the extracellular environment and affecting pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Botti
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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8
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Adamus G. Impact of Autoantibodies against Glycolytic Enzymes on Pathogenicity of Autoimmune Retinopathy and Other Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2017; 8:505. [PMID: 28503176 PMCID: PMC5408022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies (AAbs) against glycolytic enzymes: aldolase, α-enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase are prevalent in sera of patients with blinding retinal diseases, such as paraneoplastic [cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR)] and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathies, as well as in many other autoimmune diseases. CAR is a degenerative disease of the retina characterized by sudden vision loss in patients with cancer and serum anti-retinal AAbs. In this review, we discuss the widespread serum presence of anti-glycolytic enzyme AAbs and their significance in autoimmune diseases. There are multiple mechanisms responsible for antibody generation, including the innate anti-microbial response, anti-tumor response, or autoimmune response against released self-antigens from damaged, inflamed tissue. AAbs against enolase, GADPH, and aldolase exist in a single patient in elevated titers, suggesting their participation in pathogenicity. The lack of restriction of AAbs to one disease may be related to an increased expression of glycolytic enzymes in various metabolically active tissues that triggers an autoimmune response and generation of AAbs with the same specificity in several chronic and autoimmune conditions. In CAR, the importance of serum anti-glycolytic enzyme AAbs had been previously dismissed, but the retina may be without pathological consequence until a failure of the blood–retinal barrier function, which would then allow pathogenic AAbs access to their retinal targets, ultimately leading to damaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Adamus
- School of Medicine, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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9
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Bhat P, Huo S. Antibodies in autoimmune retinopathy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1246247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Metabolic control of immune tolerance in health and autoimmunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:491-504. [PMID: 27720234 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The filed that links immunity and metabolism is rapidly expanding. The adipose tissue, by secreting a series of immune regulators called adipokines, represents the common mediator linking metabolic processes and immune system functions. The dysregulation of adipokine secretion, occurring in obese individuals or in conditions of malnutrition or dietary restriction, affects the activity of immune cells resulting in inflammatory autoimmune responses or increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Alterations of cell metabolism that characterize several autoimmune diseases strongly support the idea that the immune tolerance is also regulated by metabolic pathways. The comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control immune cell differentiation and function in conditions of autoimmunity.
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11
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Galgani M, De Rosa V, Matarese G. T cell metabolism and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:558-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer cells have long been known to fuel their pathogenic growth habits by sustaining a high glycolytic flux, first described almost 90 years ago as the so-called Warburg effect. Immune cells utilize a similar strategy to generate the energy carriers and metabolic intermediates they need to produce biomass and inflammatory mediators. Resting lymphocytes generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation and breakdown of fatty acids, and upon activation rapidly switch to aerobic glycolysis and low tricarboxylic acid flux. T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a disease-specific metabolic signature that may explain, at least in part, why they are dysfunctional. RA T cells are characterized by low adenosine triphosphate and lactate levels and increased availability of the cellular reductant NADPH. This anti-Warburg effect results from insufficient activity of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase and differentiates the metabolic status in RA T cells from those in cancer cells. Excess production of reactive oxygen species and a defect in lipid metabolism characterizes metabolic conditions in SLE T cells. Owing to increased production of the glycosphingolipids lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside, SLE T cells change membrane raft formation and fail to phosphorylate pERK, yet hyperproliferate. Borrowing from cancer metabolomics, the metabolic modifications occurring in autoimmune disease are probably heterogeneous and context dependent. Variations of glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism in different disease states may provide opportunities to develop biomarkers and exploit metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Rm 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA.
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Rm 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA.
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Rm 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA.
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Balakrishnan L, Bhattacharjee M, Ahmad S, Nirujogi RS, Renuse S, Subbannayya Y, Marimuthu A, Srikanth SM, Raju R, Dhillon M, Kaur N, Jois R, Vasudev V, Ramachandra Y, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Prasad TK, Mohan S, Gowda H, Shankar S, Pandey A. Differential proteomic analysis of synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:1. [PMID: 24393543 PMCID: PMC3918105 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are two common musculoskeletal disorders that affect the joints. Despite high prevalence rates, etiological factors involved in these disorders remain largely unknown. Dissecting the molecular aspects of these disorders will significantly contribute to improving their diagnosis and clinical management. In order to identify proteins that are differentially expressed between these two conditions, a quantitative proteomic profiling of synovial fluid obtained from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients was carried out by using iTRAQ labeling followed by high resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Results We have identified 575 proteins out of which 135 proteins were found to be differentially expressed by ≥3-fold in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. Proteins not previously reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis including, coronin-1A (CORO1A), fibrinogen like-2 (FGL2), and macrophage capping protein (CAPG) were found to be upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis. Proteins such as CD5 molecule-like protein (CD5L), soluble scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain-containing protein (SSC5D), and TTK protein kinase (TTK) were found to be upregulated in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis patients. We confirmed the upregulation of CAPG in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid by multiple reaction monitoring assay as well as by Western blot. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed a significant enrichment of genes involved in glycolytic pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions We report here the largest identification of proteins from the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients using a quantitative proteomics approach. The novel proteins identified from our study needs to be explored further for their role in the disease pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Sartaj Ahmad and Raja Sekhar Nirujogi contributed equally to this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Subramanian Shankar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India.
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Privitera D, Corti V, Alessio M, Volontè MA, Volontè A, Lampasona V, Comi G, Martino G, Franciotta D, Furlan R, Fazio R. Proteomic identification of aldolase A as an autoantibody target in patients with atypical movement disorders. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:313-20. [PMID: 22391679 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-0996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We tried to identify the target/s of autoantibodies to basal ganglia neurons found in a patient with hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMD) characterized by rapid, rhythmic involuntary movements or spasms in both face and neck. Patient and control sera were used in Western blot to probe mouse brain homogenates. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) SDS-PAGE protein spots recognized by the patient's antibodies were excised and sequenced by mass spectrometry analysis, and the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A was identified as the antigen recognized by the patient's autoantibodies. To assess relevance and specificity of these antibodies to the identified targets as biomarkers of autoimmunity in movement disorders, autoantibody responses to the identified target were then measured by ELISA in various diseases of the central nervous system. Anti-aldolase A autoantibodies were associated mainly with HMD (7/17, 41%) and Parkinson's disease (4/30, 13%) patients, and undetectable in subjects with other inflammatory and non-inflammatory central nervous system diseases. We, thus, identified aldolase A as an autoantigen in a sub-group of patients with HMD, a clinically ill-defined syndrome. Anti-aldolase A antibodies may represent a useful biomarker of autoimmunity in HMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Privitera
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Maciejewska-Rodrigues H, Al-Shamisi M, Hemmatazad H, Ospelt C, Bouton MC, Jäger D, Cope AP, Charles P, Plant D, Distler JHW, Gay RE, Michel BA, Knuth A, Neidhart M, Gay S, Jüngel A. Functional autoantibodies against serpin E2 in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:93-104. [DOI: 10.1002/art.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lu Y, Jia L, He S, Hurley MC, Leys MJ, Jayasundera T, Heckenlively JR. Melanoma-associated retinopathy: a paraneoplastic autoimmune complication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 127:1572-80. [PMID: 20008709 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study 11 patients with melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) to clarify the reliability of various methods of diagnostic testing, to determine the underlying antigenic retinal proteins, and to study the clinical histories and types of associated melanomas. METHODS Clinical data were obtained from patients with melanoma who developed marked visual problems. Testing included electroretinography, kinetic visual fields, comparative studies of Western blots, and indirect immunohistologic examination to detect antiretinal antibodies, as well as proteomic studies to identify underlying antigenic retinal proteins. RESULTS Patients with MAR typically have rapid onset of photopsias, scotomata, and loss of central or paracentral vision. Ophthalmoscopy seldom shows significant changes early, but electroretinograms are abnormal. Results of Western blots and immunohistologic examination can show antiretinal antibodies but not always. Most patients (9 of 11) had a strong family history of autoimmune disorders. Any type of melanoma (cutaneous, choroidal, ciliary body, or choroidal nevi) may be associated with this paraneoplastic autoimmune reactivity. MAR may precede or follow the diagnosis of melanoma. Patients with MAR have the same antigenic retinal proteins that have been associated with cancer-associated retinopathy. In addition, 2 new antigenic retinal proteins, aldolase A and aldolase C, were found. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of positive family histories of autoimmune disease in patients with MAR. To confirm the disorder, multiple clinical and serum diagnostic techniques (Western blot or indirect immunohistologic examination) are needed. Two newly observed antigenic retinal proteins, aldolase A and aldolase C, are associated with MAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Low JM, Chauhan AK, Gibson DS, Zhu M, Chen S, Rooney ME, Ombrello MJ, Moore TL. Proteomic analysis of circulating immune complexes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis reveals disease-associated proteins. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:829-40. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Cauwe B, Martens E, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Multidimensional degradomics identifies systemic autoantigens and intracellular matrix proteins as novel gelatinase B/MMP-9 substrates. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:404-26. [PMID: 20023747 DOI: 10.1039/b904701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The action radius of matrix metalloproteinases or MMPs is not restricted to massive extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, it extends to the proteolysis of numerous secreted and membrane-bound proteins. Although many instances exist in which cells disintegrate, often in conjunction with induction of MMPs, the intracellular MMP substrate repertoire or degradome remains relatively unexplored. We started an unbiased exploration of the proteolytic modification of intracellular proteins by MMPs, using gelatinase B/MMP-9 as a model enzyme. To this end, multidimensional degradomics technology was developed by the integration of broadly available biotechniques. In this way, 100-200 MMP-9 candidate substrates were isolated, of which 69 were identified. Integration of these results with the known biological functions of the substrates revealed many novel MMP-9 substrates from the intracellular matrix (ICM), such as actin, tubulin, gelsolin, moesin, ezrin, Arp2/3 complex subunits, filamin B and stathmin. About 2/3 of the identified candidates were autoantigens described in multiple autoimmune conditions and in cancer (e.g. annexin I, nucleolin, citrate synthase, HMGB1, alpha-enolase, histidyl-tRNA synthetase, HSP27, HSC70, HSP90, snRNP D3). These findings led to the insight that MMPs and other proteases may have novel (immuno)regulatory properties by the clearance of toxic and immunogenic burdens of abundant ICM proteins released after extensive necrosis. In line with the extracellular processing of organ-specific autoantigens, proteolysis might also assist in the generation of immunodominant 'neo-epitopes' from systemic autoantigens. The study of proteolysis of ICM molecules, autoantigens, alarmins and other crucial intracellular molecules may result in the discovery of novel roles for proteolytic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Cauwe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Goëb V, Thomas-L'Otellier M, Daveau R, Charlionet R, Fardellone P, Le Loët X, Tron F, Gilbert D, Vittecoq O. Candidate autoantigens identified by mass spectrometry in early rheumatoid arthritis are chaperones and citrullinated glycolytic enzymes. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R38. [PMID: 19284558 PMCID: PMC2688184 DOI: 10.1186/ar2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of our study was to identify new early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoantibodies. Methods Sera obtained from 110 early untreated RA patients (<6 months) were analyzed by western blot using HL-60 cell extract, separated on one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-DE, 2-DE). Sera from 50 healthy blood donors and 20 patients with non-RA rheumatisms were used as controls for 1-DE and 2-DE, respectively. The immunoreactive proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis and the presence of potential sites of citrullination in each of these proteins was evaluated. FT-ICR mass spectrometry was used to verify experimentally the effect of citrullination upon the mass profile observed by MALDI-TOF analysis. Results The 110 1-DE patterns allowed detection of 10 recurrent immunoreactive bands of 33, 39, 43, 46, 51, 54, 58, 62, 67 and 70 kDa, which were further characterized by 2-DE and proteomic analysis. Six proteins were already described RA antigens: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, aldolase, α-enolase, calreticulin, 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) and BiP. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 and the far upstream element-binding proteins (FUSE-BP) 1 and 2 were identified as new antigens. Post-translational protein modifications were analyzed and potentially deiminated peptides were found on aldolase, α-enolase, PGK1, calreticulin, HSP60 and the FUSE-BPs. We compared the reactivity of RA sera with citrullinated and noncitrullinated α-enolase and FUSE-BP linear peptides, and showed that antigenicity of the FUSE-BP peptide was highly dependent on citrullination. Interestingly, the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP2) status in RA serum at inclusion was not correlated to the reactivity directed against FUSE-BP citrullinated peptide. Conclusions Two categories of antigens, enzymes of the glycolytic family and molecular chaperones are also targeted by the early untreated RA autoantibody response. For some of them, and notably the FUSE-BPs, citrullination is involved in the immunological tolerance breakdown observed earlier in RA patients. Autoantibodies recognizing a citrullinated peptide from FUSE-BP may enhance the sensibility for RA of the currently available anti-CCP2 test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Goëb
- Department of Rheumatology and Inserm Unit 905, IFRMP 23, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Rouen, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen 76031 cedex, France.
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23
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Jang B, Kim E, Choi JK, Jin JK, Kim JI, Ishigami A, Maruyama N, Carp RI, Kim YS, Choi EK. Accumulation of citrullinated proteins by up-regulated peptidylarginine deiminase 2 in brains of scrapie-infected mice: a possible role in pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:1129-42. [PMID: 18787103 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), which are a group of posttranslational modification enzymes, are involved in protein citrullination (deimination) by the conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline in a calcium concentration-dependent manner. Among the PADs, PAD2 is widely distributed in various tissues and is the only type that is expressed in brain. To elucidate the involvement of protein citrullination by PAD2 in the pathogenesis of brain-specific prion diseases, we examined the profiles of citrullinated proteins using the brains of scrapie-infected mice as a prion disease model. We found that, compared with controls, increased levels of citrullinated proteins of various molecular weights were detected in different brain sections of scrapie-infected mice. In support of this data, expression levels of PAD2 protein as well as its enzyme activity were significantly increased in brain sections of scrapie-infected mice, including hippocampus, brain stem, and striatum. Additionally, the expression levels of PAD2 mRNA were increased during scrapie infection. Moreover, PAD2 immunoreactivity was increased in scrapie-infected brains, with staining detected primarily in reactive astrocytes. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, various citrullinated proteins were identified in the brains of scrapie-infected mice, including glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, enolases, and aldolases. This study suggests that accumulated citrullinated proteins and abnormal activation of PAD2 may function in the pathogenesis of prion diseases and serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lambrecht S, Tilleman K, Elewaut D, Deforce D. Proteomics in rheumatology: The beginning of a fairy tale? Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:411-9. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Schaub A, Wymann S, Heller M, Ghielmetti M, Beleznay Z, Stadler BM, Bolli R, Miescher S. Self-Reactivity in the Dimeric Intravenous Immunoglobulin Fraction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1110:681-93. [PMID: 17911483 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1423.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations contain antibodies reflecting the cumulative antigen experience of the donor population. IVIg contains variable amounts of monomeric and dimeric IgG, but there is little information available on their comparative antibody specificities. We have isolated highly purified fractions of monomeric and dimeric IgG by size-exclusion chromatography. Following treatment of all fractions at pH4, analyses by immunodot and immunocytology on human cell lines showed a preferential recognition of autoantigens in the dimeric IgG fraction. Investigation of the HEp-2 cytoplasmic proteome by 2D-PAGE, Western blot, and subsequent identification of IVIg reactive spots by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that IVIg recognized only a restricted set of the total proteins. Similar experiments showed that more antigens were recognized by the dimeric IgG fraction, especially when the dissociated dimer fraction was used, as compared to its monomeric counterpart. These observations are consistent with idiotype-anti-idiotype masking of auto-specific Abs in the dimeric fraction of IVIg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schaub
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Serada S, Fujimoto M, Takahashi T, He P, Hayashi A, Tanaka T, Hagihara K, Yamadori T, Mochizuki M, Norioka N, Norioka S, Kawase I, Naka T. Proteomic analysis of autoantigens associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: Anti-aldolase A antibody as a potential marker of lupus nephritis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:185-91. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200600497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Mewar D, Wilson AG. Autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 2006; 60:648-55. [PMID: 17064873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging insights into the importance of B cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as highlighted by the efficacy of B cell depletion is one factor that has contributed to the upsurge of interest in the potential role of autoantibodies both as disease markers and with respect to a pathogenic role. Since the initial description of rheumatoid factor (RF), a large number of both disease-specific and non-specific autoantibodies have been described in patients with RA including antibodies to type II collagen (CII), immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) and antibodies directed at citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) and other citrullinated proteins such as vimentin (anti-Sa) . Despite some overlap the serological profile of RA does appear to be distinct from other diseases such as SLE . Although the precise mechanisms responsible for the formation of these antibodies have not been well defined their presence must reflect the interaction between T and B cells believed to be relevant to the pathogenesis of RA. The specificity of the association of such factors as anti-CCP and anti-BiP with RA may reflect unique pathogenic events leading to the processing and presentation of the "cryptic self" . Ease of measurement and stability make autoantibodies attractive diagnostic and prognostic markers particularly in early disease when it may be difficult to distinguish self-limiting synovitis from persistent disease . The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the spectrum of autoantibodies thus far characterised in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, and discuss their diagnostic, prognostic and pathogenetic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mewar
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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28
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Lambrecht S, Deforce D, Elewaut D. Entering the era of proteomics in rheumatology. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2006; 1:539-48. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.6.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University Hospital, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Ahn BY, Song ES, Cho YJ, Kwon OW, Kim JK, Lee NG. Identification of an anti-aldolase autoantibody as a diagnostic marker for diabetic retinopathy by immunoproteomic analysis. Proteomics 2006; 6:1200-9. [PMID: 16421937 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies specific for retinal proteins are associated with retinal destruction in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we screened diabetic sera for the presence of anti-retinal autoantibodies with an aim of developing diagnostic markers for DR. Immunoblot analysis of DR patients' sera with human retinal cytosolic proteins revealed a higher incidence of anti-retinal autoantibodies, compared to normal blood donors or diabetic patients without DR. Anti-retinal protein autoantibody profiles of DR patient sera were obtained by 2-DE immunoblot analysis. Specifically, 20 protein spots reactive with DR patient sera were identified by ESI-MS/MS. Of these spots, 14 were specific for DR patients, and 4 reacted with both non-proliferative DR (non-PDR) and PDR sera. The anti-aldolase autoantibody was selected as a DR marker candidate, and specific reactivity of DR patient sera was confirmed by immunoblot analysis with rabbit aldolase. The serum anti-aldolase autoantibody level was measured by ELISA. DR patients showed significantly higher autoantibody levels than normal donors or diabetic patients without retinopathy. However, no significant differences were observed between non-PDR and PDR patients, suggesting that the level of anti-aldolase autoantibody is not determined by the severity of retinopathy in diabetic patients. Our data collectively demonstrate that the anti-aldolase autoantibody serves as a useful marker for DR diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Ahn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Sejong University, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Rantapää-Dahlqvist S. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of autoantibodies in early rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2005; 34:83-96. [PMID: 16095003 DOI: 10.1080/03009740510017689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A positive rheumatoid factor (RF) test has been included as one of the criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the 1987 classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). During the past 20-30 years many different autoantibodies have been described in patients with RA. The presence of some of the autoantibodies in RA directed against various autoantigens, such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, antibodies against interleukin-1 (IL-1), anti-cardiolipin antibodies, and antibodies against oxidized low density lipoprotein, is not specific for RA and these are not discussed here. This review summarizes the most relevant autoantibodies, and discusses their sensitivity, specificity, and possible diagnostic and prognostic significance in early RA. The antibodies are presented with the two clinically most relevant antibody tests first, followed by others in alphabetic order.
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31
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Abstract
Proteomics is a fast-growing discipline in biomedicine that can be defined as the large-scale characterization of the entire protein complement of a cell, tissue or organism. Because protein levels and function may be critically dependent upon post-transcriptional mechanisms (e.g. post-translational modifications), there has been significant interest in directly examining protein structure and function. It is now clear that proteomics studies may unmask previously unknown functions of proteins or protein interactions. However, proteomics in the field of rheumatology is still in its infancy. This review guides the reader through the consecutive steps of a proteomics study and provides an outline of the applications in the field of rheumatology, which may range from proteome analyses of biological fluids of rheumatic diseases to identify possible new diagnostic tools, towards more pathophysiological studies on target tissues, such as synovial tissue or articular cartilage. Proteomics has great potential in the field of rheumatology and will no doubt have a great impact on our molecular understanding of these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tilleman
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Tilleman K, Van Beneden K, Dhondt A, Hoffman I, De Keyser F, Veys E, Elewaut D, Deforce D. Chronically inflamed synovium from spondyloarthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis investigated by protein expression profiling followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2005; 5:2247-57. [PMID: 15846842 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cytosolic proteome of inflamed synovial tissue by hierarchical clustering analysis and validated the feasibility of this proteome analysis by identifying proteins that were differentially expressed between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathy (SpA), and osteoarthritis (OA). Synovial biopsy samples were obtained from 18 patients undergoing needle arthroscopy for knee synovitis associated with RA (n = 6) and SpA (n = 6), and for joint effusion of the knee associated with OA (n = 6). Cytosolic proteins were extracted from the tissue and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein expression patterns were statistically analyzed and used for hierarchical cluster analysis. Proteins of interest were independently identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the complete match set, containing 640 spots, remarkably segregated SpA from RA and OA. Next, we used a subset of spots that was statistically, differentially expressed (P < 0.01), between RA and SpA, SpA and OA, or RA and OA, in both Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. The dendrograms revealed distinct clustering of RA versus SpA and RA versus OA. Spots that were differentially expressed between the groups were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Fructose bisphosphate aldolase A and alpha-enolase showed higher expression levels in SpA than in OA (P < 0.01). Calgranulin A myeloid related protein-8 (MRP-8) was markedly up-regulated in RA and SpA patients in comparison to OA patients where this spot was below detection limit. The analysis of the cytosolic proteome of synovial tissue is a useful approach to identify disease-associated proteins in chronic inflammatory arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Biopsy, Needle
- Calgranulin A/metabolism
- Cytosol/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Feasibility Studies
- Female
- Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis/genetics
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism
- Proteins/chemistry
- Proteins/isolation & purification
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proteomics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Spondylarthropathies/genetics
- Spondylarthropathies/pathology
- Synovectomy
- Synovial Membrane/chemistry
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- Synovitis/pathology
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Belgium
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33
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Nakagawa T, Hirano Y, Inomata A, Yokota S, Miyachi K, Kaneda M, Umeda M, Furukawa K, Omata S, Horigome T. Participation of a fusogenic protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, in nuclear membrane assembly. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:20395-404. [PMID: 12651855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m210824200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We found an autoimmune serum, K199, that strongly suppresses nuclear membrane assembly in a cell-free system involving a Xenopus egg extract. Four different antibodies that suppress nuclear assembly were affinity-purified from the serum using Xenopus egg cytosol proteins. Three proteins recognized by these antibodies were identified by partial amino acid sequencing to be glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, and the regulator of chromatin condensation 1. GAPDH is known to be a fusogenic protein. To verify the participation of GAPDH in nuclear membrane fusion, authentic antibodies against human and rat GAPDH were applied, and strong suppression of nuclear assembly at the nuclear membrane fusion step was observed. The nuclear assembly activity suppressed by antibodies was recovered on the addition of purified chicken GAPDH. A peptide with the sequence of amino acid residues 70-94 of GAPDH, which inhibits GAPDH-induced phospholipid vesicle fusion, inhibited nuclear assembly at the nuclear membrane fusion step. We propose that GAPDH plays a crucial role in the membrane fusion step in nuclear assembly in a Xenopus egg extract cell-free system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Nakagawa
- Course of Functional Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Igarashi-2, Japan
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Saulot V, Vittecoq O, Charlionet R, Fardellone P, Lange C, Marvin L, Machour N, Le Loët X, Gilbert D, Tron F. Presence of autoantibodies to the glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase in sera from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:1196-201. [PMID: 12115223 DOI: 10.1002/art.10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a new autoantigen/autoantibody population in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera. METHODS Following a population-based recruitment effort, 255 patients with very early arthritis (median disease duration 4 months) were studied using different clinical, biologic, and radiologic assessments. After a followup period of 1 year, patients were classified as having RA (n = 145), non-RA rheumatic diseases (n = 70), and undifferentiated arthritis (n = 40). Patients' sera were analyzed by one-dimensional (1D) and 2D Western blotting. The recognized 50-kd protein was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). RA serum reactivities were evaluated against the recombinant protein synthesized by an in vitro coupled transcription-translation system. RESULTS On 1D Western blots, 36 of the 145 RA sera bound to a 50-kd polypeptide. On 2D Western blots, anti-50-kd+ RA sera recognized a triplet of isoelectric point 6.5-7.0 and a molecular mass of 50 kd. The 3 spots of the triplet were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and were shown to correspond to human alpha-enolase. A goat anti-enolase antiserum, which recognized a band comigrating with the 50-kd antigen on 1D Western blots, gave a labeling pattern on 2D Western blots similar to that observed with anti-50-kd+ RA sera. Among the 36 RA sera that identified alpha-enolase in protein maps, only 8 recognized the recombinant (unmodified) alpha-enolase. The specificity of anti-alpha -enolase antibodies for RA was 97.1%. Half of the anti-alpha -enolase-positive RA patients were negative for both rheumatoid factor and antifilaggrin antibodies. The presence of anti-alpha-enolase antibodies was the greatest predictive factor of radiologic progression in the first 66 RA patients included. CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to alpha-enolase, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, are present in the sera of patients with very early RA and have potential diagnostic and prognostic value for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Saulot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rouen, France
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35
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McCarthy JS, Wieseman M, Tropea J, Kaslow D, Abraham D, Lustigman S, Tuan R, Guderian RH, Nutman TB. Onchocerca volvulus glycolytic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a target for a protective immune response in humans. Infect Immun 2002; 70:851-8. [PMID: 11796620 PMCID: PMC127653 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.2.851-858.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of infection with the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, we screened an O. volvulus L3 stage cDNA library with sera from putatively immune (PI) subjects, and a prominent immunogenic clone of 1,184 nucleotides was identified. It contained an open reading frame of 363 amino acids encoding the glycolytic enzyme fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase (Ov-fba-1). Immunolocalization experiments demonstrated that the protein was most abundantly expressed in metabolically active tissues, including body wall muscle and the reproductive tract of adult female worms. Immunoelectron microscopy of L3 demonstrated binding in the region where the cuticle separates during molting, in the channels connecting the esophagus to the cuticle, and in the basal lamina surrounding the esophagus and the body cavity. Among subjects from areas where this organism is endemic specific humoral and cellular immune responses to recombinant protein were observed in both PI and infected subjects, whereas responses were not observed among subjects who had not been exposed to O. volvulus. Despite the absence of differential responsiveness in parasite-exposed human populations, when the recombinant was tested for protective efficacy in a mouse chamber model, a reduction in survival of larvae by ca. 50% was seen. This observation provides support for the further study of this parasite enzyme as a vaccine candidate in larger animal models.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/blood
- Antigens, Helminth/chemistry
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern/methods
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Helminth
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/chemistry
- Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/genetics
- Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/immunology
- Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Onchocerca volvulus/enzymology
- Onchocerca volvulus/genetics
- Onchocerciasis/blood
- Onchocerciasis/immunology
- Onchocerciasis/parasitology
- Onchocerciasis/prevention & control
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- James S McCarthy
- University of Western Australia, Department of Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
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