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Ye L, Guo YM, Cai YX, Wei J, Huang J, Bi J, Chen D, Li FF, Huang XF. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing reveals mutations in early-onset high myopia. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001720. [PMID: 38789272 PMCID: PMC11129018 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myopia, especially high myopia (HM), represents a widespread visual impairment with a globally escalating prevalence. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic foundations associated with early-onset HM (eoHM) while delineating the genetic landscape specific to Shaanxi province, China. METHODS A comprehensive analysis of whole-exome sequencing was conducted involving 26 familial trios displaying eoHM. An exacting filtration protocol identified potential candidate mutations within acknowledged myopia-related genes and susceptibility loci. Subsequently, computational methodologies were employed for functional annotations and pathogenicity assessments. RESULTS Our investigation identified 7 genes and 10 variants associated with HM across 7 families, including a novel mutation in the ARR3 gene (c.139C>T, p.Arg47*) and two mutations in the P3H2 gene (c.1865T>C, p.Phe622Ser and c.212T>C, p.Leu71Pro). Pathogenic mutations were found in syndromic myopia genes, notably encompassing VPS13B, TRPM1, RPGR, NYX and RP2. Additionally, a thorough comparison of previously reported causative genes of syndromic myopia and myopia risk genes with the negative sequencing results pinpointed various types of mutations within risk genes. CONCLUSIONS This investigation into eoHM within Shaanxi province adds to the current understanding of myopic genetic factors. Our results warrant further functional validation and ocular examinations, yet they provide foundational insights for future genetic research and therapeutic innovations in HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ye
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Ming Guo
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Xin Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhan Wei
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiejing Bi
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fen-Fen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Niu J, Zhu W, Jin X, Teng X, Zhang J. Novel Splicing Variants in the ARR3 Gene Cause the Female-Limited Early-Onset High Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:32. [PMID: 38517428 PMCID: PMC10981162 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variants in the ARR3 gene have been linked to early-onset high myopia (eoHM) with a unique X-linked female-limited inheritance. However, the clinical validity of this gene-disease association has not been systematically evaluated. Methods We identified two Chinese families with novel ARR3 splicing variants associated with eoHM. Minigene constructs were generated to assess the effects of the variants on splicing. We integrated previous evidence to curate the clinical validity of ARR3 and eoHM using the ClinGen framework. Results The variants c.39+1G>A and c.100+4A>G were identified in the two families. Minigene analysis showed both variants resulted in abnormal splicing and introduction of premature termination codons. Based on genetic and experimental evidence, the ARR3-eoHM relationship was classified as "definitive." Conclusions Our study identified two novel splicing variants of the ARR3 gene linked to eoHM and confirmed their functional validity via minigene assay. This research expanded the mutational spectrum of ARR3 and confirmed the minigene assay technique as an effective tool for understanding variant effects on splicing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Niu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weili Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ediae GU, Chisholm C, Lemire G, Campbell F, Boycott KM. Pathogenic variant in the X-linked ARR3 gene associated with variable early-onset myopia. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:397-399. [PMID: 37795829 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Uwaila Ediae
- Regional Genetics Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin Chisholm
- Regional Genetics Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Lemire
- Regional Genetics Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kym M Boycott
- Regional Genetics Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Jiang Y, Xiao X, Sun W, Wang Y, Li S, Jia X, Wang P, Hejtmancik JF, Zhang Q. Clinical and genetic risk factors underlying severe consequence identified in 75 families with unilateral high myopia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:75. [PMID: 38243264 PMCID: PMC10797748 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Unilateral high myopia (uHM), commonly observed in patients with retinal diseases or only with high myopia, is frequently associated with amblyopia with poor prognosis. This study aims to reveal the clinical and genetic spectrum of uHM in a large Chinese cohort. METHODS A total of 75 probands with simplex uHM were included in our Pediatric and Genetic Eye Clinic. Patients with significant posterior anomalies other than myopic fundus changes were excluded. Variants were detected by exome sequencing and then analyzed through multiple-step bioinformatic and co-segregation analysis and finally confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Genetic findings were correlated with associated clinical data for analysis. RESULTS Among the 75 probands with a mean age of 6.21 ± 4.70 years at the presentation, myopic fundus of C1 and C2 was observed in 73 (97.3%) probands. Surprisingly, specific peripheral changes were identified in 63 eyes involving 36 (48.0%) probands after extensive examination, including peripheral retinal avascular zone (74.6%, 47/63 eyes), neovascularization (54.0%), fluorescein leakage (31.7%), peripheral pigmentary changes (31.7%), and others. Exome sequencing identified 21 potential pathogenic variants of 13 genes in 20 of 75 (26.7%) probands, including genes for Stickler syndrome (COL11A1 and COL2A1; 6/20), FEVR (FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12; 5/20), and others (FBN1, GPR179, ZEB2, PAX6, GPR143, OPN1LW, FRMD7, and CACNA1F; 9/20). For the peripheral retinal changes in the 20 probands, variants in Stickler syndrome-related genes were predominantly associated with retinal pigmentary changes, lattice degeneration, and retinal avascular region, while variants in genes related to FEVR were mainly associated with the avascular zone, neovascularization, and fluorescein leakage. CONCLUSIONS Genetic defects were identified in about one-fourth of simplex uHM patients in which significant consequences may be hidden under a classic myopic fundus in up to half. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic genetic study on simplex uHM to date. In addition to routine care of strabismus and amblyopia, careful examination of the peripheral retina and genetic screening is warranted for patients with uHM in order to identify signs of risk for retinal detachment and other complications and provide meaningful genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Molecular Genetics Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Zi F, Li Z, Cheng W, Huang X, Sheng X, Rong W. Novel mutations of the X-linked genes associated with early-onset high myopia in five Chinese families. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:223. [PMID: 37749571 PMCID: PMC10521526 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report novel pathogenic variants of X-linked genes in five Chinese families with early-onset high myopia (eoHM) by using whole-exome sequencing and analyzing the phenotypic features. METHODS 5 probands with X-linked recessive related eoHM were collected in Ningxia Eye Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022. The probands and their family members received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations,and DNA was abstracted from patients and family members. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on probands to screen the causative variants, and all suspected pathogenic variants were determined by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis was performed on available family members. The pathogenicity of novel variants was predicted using silico analysis and evaluated according to ACMG guidelines. RT-qPCR was used to detect differences in the relative mRNAs expression of candidate gene in mRNAs available with the proband and family members in the pedigree 2. The relationship between genetic variants and clinical features was analyzed. RESULTS All probands were male, and all pedigrees conformed to an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. They were diagnosed with high myopia at their first visits between 4 and 7 years old. Spherical equivalent ranged between - 6.00D and - 11.00D.The five novel hemizygous variants were found in the probands, containing frameshift deletion variant c.797_801del (p.Val266Alafs*75) of OPN1LW gene in the pedigree 1, nonsense variant c.513G > A (p.Trp171Ter)of RP2 gene in the pedigree 2, missense variant c.98G > T (p.Cys33Phe) of GPR143 gene in the pedigree 3, frameshift deletion variant c.1876_1877del (p.Met626Valfs*22) of FRMD7 gene in the pedigree 4 and inframe deletion variant c.670_ 675del (p.Glu192_ Glu193del) of HMGB3 gene in the pedigree 5. All variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic by the interpretation principles of HGMD sequence variants and ACMG guidelines. In family 2, RT-qPCR showed that the mRNA expression of RP2 gene was lower in the proband than in other normal family members, indicating that such variant caused an effect on gene function at the mRNA expression level. Further clinical examination showed that pedigrees 1, 2, 3, and 4 were diagnosed as X-linked recessive hereditary eye disease with early-onset high myopia, including quiescent cone dysfunction, retinitis pigmentosa, ocular albinism, and idiopathic congenital nystagmus respectively. The pedigree 5 had eoHM in the right eye and ptosis in both eyes. CONCLUSION In this paper,we are the first to report five novel hemizygous variants in OPN1LW, RP2, GPR143, FRMD7, HMGB3 genes are associated with eoHM. Our study extends the genotypic spectrums for eoHM and better assists ophthalmologists in assessing, diagnosing, and conducting genetic screening for eoHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyin Zi
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, 936 Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Wanyu Cheng
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Xunlun Sheng
- Gansu Aier Ophthalmiology and Optometry Hospital, 1228 Guazhou Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Weining Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, 936 Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, 750001, China.
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Gu L, Cong P, Ning Q, Jiang B, Wang J, Cui H. The causal mutation in ARR3 gene for high myopia and progressive color vision defect. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8986. [PMID: 37268727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ARR3 gene, also known as cone arrestin, belongs to the arrestin family and is expressed in cone cells, inactivating phosphorylated-opsins and preventing cone signals. Variants of ARR3 reportedly cause X-linked dominant female-limited early-onset (age < 7 years old) high myopia (< - 6D). Here, we reveal a new mutation (c.228T>A, p.Tyr76*) in ARR3 gene that can cause early-onset high myopia (eoHM) limited to female carriers. Protan/deutan color vision defects were also found in family members, affecting both genders. Using ten years of clinical follow-up data, we identified gradually worsening cone dysfunction/color vision as a key feature among affected individuals. We present a hypothesis that higher visual contrast due to the mosaic of mutated ARR3 expression in cones contributes to the development of myopia in female carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peikuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyao Ning
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Variant Landscape of 15 Genes Involved in Corneal Dystrophies: Report of 30 Families and Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055012. [PMID: 36902444 PMCID: PMC10003302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal dystrophies (CDs) represent a group of inherited diseases characterized by the progressive deposit of abnormal materials in the cornea. This study aimed to describe the variant landscape of 15 genes responsible for CDs based on a cohort of Chinese families and a comparative analysis of literature reports. Families with CDs were recruited from our eye clinic. Their genomic DNA was analyzed using exome sequencing. The detected variants were filtered using multi-step bioinformatics and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Previously reported variants in the literature were summarized and evaluated based on the gnomAD database and in-house exome data. In 30 of 37 families with CDs, 17 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were detected in 4 of the 15 genes, including TGFBI, CHST6, SLC4A11, and ZEB1. A comparative analysis of large datasets revealed that 12 of the 586 reported variants are unlikely causative of CDs in monogenic mode, accounting for 61 of 2933 families in the literature. Of the 15 genes, the gene most frequently implicated in CDs was TGFBI (1823/2902, 62.82% of families), followed by CHST6 (483/2902, 16.64%) and SLC4A11 (201/2902, 6.93%). This study presents, for the first time, the landscape of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the 15 genes responsible for CDs. Awareness of frequently misinterpreted variants, such as c.1501C>A, p.(Pro501Thr) in TGFBI, is crucial in the era of genomic medicine.
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