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Ahn JH, Kang MC, Youn J, Park KA, Han KD, Jung JH. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and incidence of Parkinson's disease based on a nationwide population based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2930. [PMID: 38316950 PMCID: PMC10844599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and Parkinson's disease (PD) using a retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort in South Korea. This study utilized data from the Korean National Health Insurance database, including 43,960 NAION patients and 219,800 age- and sex-matched controls. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the risk of developing PD in the NAION group compared to the control group after adjusting for various confounding factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex, age, and comorbidities. The incidence rate of PD was higher in the NAION group (1.326 per 1000 person-years) than in the control group (0.859 per 1000 person-years). After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of developing PD was significantly higher in the NAION group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.516, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.300-1.769). Subgroup analyses did not reveal a significant difference in the risk of PD development based on sex, age, or comorbidities. This retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study revealed a significant association between NAION and an increased risk of developing PD in a South Korean population. The incidence rate of PD was observed to be higher in individuals diagnosed with NAION than in age- and sex-matched controls even after adjusting for potential confounding variables, with the risk being approximately 51.6% higher in the NAION group. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking NAION to PD and to determine whether similar associations exist in other ethnic and geographical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chae Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Youn
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Chien JY, Ciou JW, Yen Y, Huang SP. Protective effects of compound M01 on retinal ganglion cells in experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy by inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115861. [PMID: 37972470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a common pathologic feature in different types of optic neuropathy, including ischemic optic neuropathy and glaucoma, ultimately leading to irreversible visual function loss. Potent and effective protection against RGC death is determinative in developing a successful treatment for these optic neuropathies. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of a HECT domain-E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor, M01, on retinal ganglion cells after ischemic injury. Experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) was induced by photothrombotic occlusion of microvessels supplying optic nerve in rats. M01 was administered (100 mg/Kg and 200 mg/Kg) subcutaneously for three consecutive days after AION induction. Administration of M01 (100 mg/Kg) significantly increased RGC survival and preserved visual function after AION induction. The number of TUNEL-positive cells and ED1-positive cells was significantly decreased, and optic disc edema was reduced considerably after ischemic infarction with M01 treatment. Moreover, M01 effectively ameliorated optic nerve demyelination and enhanced M2 microglial polarization after AION induction. M01 enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2); subsequently, downregulated Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation, and further decreased inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the retina after ischemic injury. These findings suggested that M01 has therapeutic potential by modulating Nrf2 and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in the retina and optic nerve ischemic damage-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Chien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Ciou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- The Translational Research Program of Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; College of Medical Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Sanz-Morello B, Ahmadi H, Vohra R, Saruhanian S, Freude KK, Hamann S, Kolko M. Oxidative Stress in Optic Neuropathies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1538. [PMID: 34679672 PMCID: PMC8532958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that changes in the redox system may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple optic neuropathies. Optic neuropathies are characterized by the neurodegeneration of the inner-most retinal neurons, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and their axons, which form the optic nerve. Often, optic neuropathies are asymptomatic until advanced stages, when visual impairment or blindness is unavoidable despite existing treatments. In this review, we describe systemic and, whenever possible, ocular redox dysregulations observed in patients with glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, hereditary optic neuropathies (i.e., Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and autosomal dominant optic atrophy), nutritional and toxic optic neuropathies, and optic disc drusen. We discuss aspects related to anti/oxidative stress biomarkers that need further investigation and features related to study design that should be optimized to generate more valuable and comparable results. Understanding the role of oxidative stress in optic neuropathies can serve to develop therapeutic strategies directed at the redox system to arrest the neurodegenerative processes in the retina and RGCs and ultimately prevent vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sanz-Morello
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Hamid Ahmadi
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.S.); (K.K.F.)
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.S.); (K.K.F.)
| | - Kristine Karla Freude
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.S.); (K.K.F.)
| | - Steffen Hamann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
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Loukovitis E, Sfakianakis K, Syrmakesi P, Tsotridou E, Orfanidou M, Bakaloudi DR, Stoila M, Kozei A, Koronis S, Zachariadis Z, Tranos P, Kozeis N, Balidis M, Gatzioufas Z, Fiska A, Anogeianakis G. Genetic Aspects of Keratoconus: A Literature Review Exploring Potential Genetic Contributions and Possible Genetic Relationships with Comorbidities. Ophthalmol Ther 2018; 7:263-292. [PMID: 30191404 PMCID: PMC6258591 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-018-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Keratoconus (KC) is a complex, genetically heterogeneous, multifactorial degenerative disorder that is accompanied by corneal ectasia which usually progresses asymmetrically. With an incidence of approximately 1 per 2000 and 2 cases per 100,000 population presenting annually, KC follows an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern of inheritance and is, apparently, associated with genes that interact with environmental, genetic, and/or other factors. This is an important consideration in refractive surgery in the case of familial KC, given the association of KC with other genetic disorders and the imbalance between dizygotic twins. The present review attempts to identify the genetic loci contributing to the different KC clinical presentations and relate them to the common genetically determined comorbidities associated with KC. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and GeneCards databases were screened for KC-related articles published in English between January 2006 and November 2017. Keyword combinations of “keratoconus,” “risk factor(s),” “genetics,” “genes,” “genetic association(s),” and “cornea” were used. In total, 217 articles were retrieved and analyzed, with greater weight placed on the more recent literature. Further bibliographic research based on the 217 articles revealed another 124 relevant articles that were included in this review. Using the reviewed literature, an attempt was made to correlate genes and genetic risk factors with KC characteristics and genetically related comorbidities associated with KC based on genome-wide association studies, family-based linkage analysis, and candidate-gene approaches. Results An association matrix between known KC-related genes and KC symptoms and/or clinical signs together with an association matrix between identified KC genes and genetically related KC comorbidities/syndromes were constructed. Conclusion Twenty-four genes were identified as potential contributors to KC and 49 KC-related comorbidities/syndromes were found. More than 85% of the known KC-related genes are involved in glaucoma, Down syndrome, connective tissue disorders, endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Sfakianakis
- Division of Surgical Anatomy, Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiota Syrmakesi
- AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsotridou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Myrsini Orfanidou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Maria Stoila
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Athina Kozei
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,School of Pharmacology, University of Nicosia, Makedonitissis, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aliki Fiska
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Pahor A, Pahor D, Gračner T. Nichtarteriitische anteriore ischämische Optikusneuropathie bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00717-018-0409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with β-thalassemia major. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017; 31:224-228. [PMID: 29234223 PMCID: PMC5717504 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in children with β-thalassemia major and to compare with healthy controls. Methods A total of 47 patients with β-thalassemia major and 51 healthy controls were included. Each subject underwent a standard ophthalmological examination. RNFLT measurements were performed using optical coherence tomography. Results Mean age of the patient group and healthy controls were 13.7 ± 2.1 and 14.3 ± 2.2 years, respectively. Mean peripapillary RNFL thickness was 94 µm in the patient group, and 100 µm in the control group (p < 0.01). In patients with β-thalassemia major, RNFL was thinner in all quadrants than control subjects. Within the β-thalassemia major group neither average RNFLT nor each four quadrant RNFLT were correlated with the age, serum ferritin or serum hemoglobin levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion In this study, we observed RNFL was thinner in patients with β-thalassemia major. Thinning of RNFL did not correlate with hemoglobin or ferritin levels.
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Pahor D, Pahor A. Gesichtsfelddefekte bei der Erstuntersuchung von Patienten mit nichtarteriitischer anterioren ischämischen Optikusneuropathie. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00717-015-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Abu-Amero KK, Kondkar AA, Azad TA, Sultan T, Kalantan H, Al-Muammar AM. Keratoconus is associated with increased copy number of mitochondrial DNA. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1203-8. [PMID: 25221426 PMCID: PMC4153421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible association of oxidative stress with keratoconus (KC), we estimated the changes in relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. METHODS The study included 119 patients with KC and 208 controls matched for gender, ethnicity, and systemic disease status. We selected controls who were older than the patients since the mtDNA copy number tends to increase with age. The age mean (standard deviation) was 26.4(7.6) and 54.5(14.4) years for the patients and controls, respectively. The relative mtDNA copy number was estimated with the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method using ND1 as the mtDNA gene and human globulin (HGB; also known as the cytoglobin gene, CYGB) as the reference single-copy nuclear gene. RESULTS The mean relative mtDNA content was significantly higher in patients with KC (1.20±0.45) than in the normal control subjects (1.04±0.36; p = 0.0004). Subjects with high mtDNA content (>1.259, i.e., greater than 75(th) percentile) were at an increased risk of the disease (odds ratio = 2.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.40 to 4.89; p =0.0025). CONCLUSIONS Increased mtDNA content in patients with KC may indicate mitochondrial respiratory chain defects and thus mitochondrial-abnormality involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled. K. Abu-Amero
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Altaf A. Kondkar
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif Anwar Azad
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Kalantan
- Anterior Segment Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Al-Muammar
- Anterior Segment Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Odaib AN, Al-Sedairy ST. An overview of the Prince Salman Center for Disability Research scientific outcomes. Saudi Med J 2014; 35 Suppl 1:S75-90. [PMID: 25551118 PMCID: PMC4362095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali N. Al-Odaib
- From the Prince Salman Center for Disability Research, and the Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Ali N. Al-Odaib, Deputy Executive Director for Research Affairs, Prince Salman Center for Disability Research, PO Box 94682, Riyadh 11614, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (11) 4884401. E-mail:
| | - Sultan T. Al-Sedairy
- From the Prince Salman Center for Disability Research, and the Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Korsten A, de Coo IFM, Spruijt L, de Wit LEA, Smeets HJM, Sluiter W. Patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy fail to compensate impaired oxidative phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1797:197-203. [PMID: 19836344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-five percent of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients carry a mutation in one out of three mtDNA-encoded ND subunits of complex I. Penetrance is reduced and more male than female carriers are affected. To assess if a consistent biochemical phenotype is associated with LHON expression, complex I- and complex II-dependent adenosine triphosphate synthesis rates (CI-ATP, CII-ATP) were determined in digitonin-permeabilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of thirteen healthy controls and for each primary mutation of a minimum of three unrelated patients and of three unrelated carriers with normal vision and were normalized per mitochondrion (citrate synthase activity) or per cell (protein content). We found that in mitochondria, CI-ATP and CII-ATP were impaired irrespective of the primary LHON mutation and clinical expression. An increase in mitochondrial density per cell compensated for the dysfunctional mitochondria in LHON carriers but was insufficient to result in a normal biochemical phenotype in early-onset LHON patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Korsten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Tsikas D, Rossi R. Oxidative stress and human diseases: Origin, link, measurement, mechanisms, and biomarkers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009; 46:241-81. [DOI: 10.3109/10408360903142326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fingert JH, Grassi MA, Janutka JC, East JS, Howard JG, Sheffield VC, Jacobson DM, Hayreh SS, Stone EM. Mitochondrial Variant G4132A is Associated with Familial Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in One Large Pedigree. Ophthalmic Genet 2009; 28:1-7. [PMID: 17454741 DOI: 10.1080/13816810701199399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic factors associated with familial non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) in a large pedigree. METHODS Eleven family members of a single pedigree, including six affected with NA-AION, underwent detailed clinical examinations. The mitochondrial DNA of the proband was sequenced in its entirety in search of disease-causing mutations associated with NA-AION in the pedigree. A control panel comprising 1488 patients suspected of having Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and 97 general-population control subjects was screened for the mitochondrial sequence variant identified in the family. RESULTS Affected family members were all male and exhibited classic features of NA-AION. Their mean age was 50.2 +/- 5.0 years. A total of 23 sequence variations were detected in the mitochondrial genome of the proband, including one novel sequence variation (G4132A, Ala276Thr) in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene (ND1). The G4132A mitochondrial variant was detected in six members of a single pedigree with NA-AION. The G4132A variation was not observed in any of the 1585 subjects in the control panel. Moreover, this variant was not identified in over 2469 ethnically diverse individuals previously evaluated through the Human Mitochondrial Genome Database. None of the three major mutations associated with LHON (G3460A, G11778A, T14484C) were identified in the family. CONCLUSION The G4132A mitochondrial variation is associated with familial NA-AION in our pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Fingert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Loh A, Hadziahmetovic M, Dunaief JL. Iron homeostasis and eye disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1790:637-49. [PMID: 19059309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is necessary for life, but excess iron can be toxic to tissues. Iron is thought to damage tissues primarily by generating oxygen free radicals through the Fenton reaction. METHODS We present an overview of the evidence supporting iron's potential contribution to a broad range of eye disease using an anatomical approach. RESULTS Iron can be visualized in the cornea as iron lines in the normal aging cornea as well as in diseases like keratoconus and pterygium. In the lens, we present the evidence for the role of oxidative damage in cataractogenesis. Also, we review the evidence that iron may play a role in the pathogenesis of the retinal disease age-related macular degeneration. Although currently there is no direct link between excess iron and development of optic neuropathies, ferrous iron's ability to form highly reactive oxygen species may play a role in optic nerve pathology. Lastly, we discuss recent advances in prevention and therapeutics for eye disease with antioxidants and iron chelators. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Iron homeostasis is important for ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Loh
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abu-Amero KK, Larruga JM, González AM, Bosley TM. The role of mitochondrial haplogroups in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmic Genet 2008; 29:111-6. [PMID: 18766989 DOI: 10.1080/13816810802183748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate a possible association between mitochondrial haplogroups and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS We compared the prevalence of various mitochondrial haplogroups in 24 NAION patients and 552 maternally unrelated ethnic controls. All patients and controls were Saudi Arabs. RESULTS NAION patients had substantially more potentially pathologic mtDNA nucleotide changes (10/24) than Controls (0/159) and a significantly elevated mean relative mtDNA content (2.62 +/- 1.21) than controls (1.33 +/- 0.34; p < or = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls for any of the mitochondrial haplogroups tested. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial haplogroups do not appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of NAION in this cohort; however, mitochondrial abnormalities still seem likely to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled K Abu-Amero
- Mitochondrial Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Kohler JJ, Hosseini SH, Green E, Hoying-Brandt A, Cucoranu I, Haase CP, Russ R, Srivastava J, Ivey K, Ludaway T, Kapoor V, Abuin A, Shapoval A, Santoianni R, Saada A, Elpeleg O, Lewis W. Cardiac-targeted transgenic mutant mitochondrial enzymes: mtDNA defects, antiretroviral toxicity and cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2008; 8:57-69. [PMID: 18446447 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-008-9015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA biogenesis is critical to cardiac contractility. DNA polymerase gamma (Pol gamma) replicates mtDNA, whereas thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) monophosphorylates pyrimidines intramitochondrially. Point mutations in POLG and TK2 result in clinical diseases associated with mtDNA depletion and organ dysfunction. Pyrimidine analogs (NRTIs) inhibit Pol gamma and mtDNA replication. Cardiac "dominant negative" murine transgenes (TGs; Pol gamma Y955C, and TK2 H121N or I212N) defined the role of each in the heart. mtDNA abundance, histopathological features, histochemistry, mitochondrial protein abundance, morphometry, and echocardiography were determined for TGs in "2 x 2" studies with or without pyrimidine analogs. Cardiac mtDNA abundance decreased in Y955C TGs ( approximately 50%) but increased in H121N and I212N TGs (20-70%). Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) increased in hearts of all mutants. Ultrastructural changes occurred in Y955C and H121N TGs. Histopathology demonstrated hypertrophy in H121N, LV dilation in I212N, and both hypertrophy and dilation in Y955C TGs. Antiretrovirals increased LV mass ( approximately 50%) for all three TGs which combined with dilation indicates cardiomyopathy. Taken together, these studies demonstrate three manifestations of cardiac dysfunction that depend on the nature of the specific mutation and antiretroviral treatment. Mutations in genes for mtDNA biogenesis increase risk for defective mtDNA replication, leading to LV hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Kohler
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, 7126 Woodruff Memorial Building, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Mol Vis 2008; 14:29-36. [PMID: 18246027 PMCID: PMC2263010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) is the most prevalent secondary open angle glaucoma occurring worldwide. The search for a genetic cause in PEG has been largely unsuccessful despite evidence of hereditary transmission. METHODS The nuclear genes MYOC, OPTN, WDR36, CYP1B1, OPA1, and OPA3 were sequenced in patients with PEG. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding region was also sequenced, relative mtDNA content was investigated, and mitochondrial respiration was assessed. RESULTS No novel or previously reported mutations were present in the nuclear genes MYOC, OPTN, CYP1B1, WDR36, OPA1, or OPA3 in 29 PEG patients. Twenty-six patients (89.7%) had no pathological or potentially pathological mtDNA mutation(s); however, three patients (10.3%) had potentially pathologic mtDNA nucleotide changes not found in controls. PEG patients did not differ significantly from controls in relative mitochondrial content (p=0.98) or in mitochondrial respiratory activity (p=0.18). CONCLUSIONS These PEG patients had no mutations in nuclear genes associated with other types of glaucoma or other inherited optic neuropathies, and there was little evidence of mitochondrial abnormalities. These results imply that the nuclear genes and mitochondrial parameters evaluated here are less important determinants of PEG than other factors related to the presence of pseudoexfoliation material.
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Sadun AA, Carelli V. The role of mitochondria in health, ageing, and diseases affecting vision. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:809-10. [PMID: 16782943 PMCID: PMC1857143 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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