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Brodzka S, Baszyński J, Rektor K, Hołderna-Bona K, Stanek E, Kurhaluk N, Tkaczenko H, Malukiewicz G, Woźniak A, Kamiński P. Immunogenetic and Environmental Factors in Age-Related Macular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6567. [PMID: 38928273 PMCID: PMC11203563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease, which often develops in older people, but this is not the rule. AMD pathogenesis changes include the anatomical and functional complex. As a result of damage, it occurs, in the retina and macula, among other areas. These changes may lead to partial or total loss of vision. This disease can occur in two clinical forms, i.e., dry (progression is slowly and gradually) and exudative (wet, progression is acute and severe), which usually started as dry form. A coexistence of both forms is possible. AMD etiology is not fully understood. Extensive genetic studies have shown that this disease is multifactorial and that genetic determinants, along with environmental and metabolic-functional factors, are important risk factors. This article reviews the impact of heavy metals, macro- and microelements, and genetic factors on the development of AMD. We present the current state of knowledge about the influence of environmental factors and genetic determinants on the progression of AMD in the confrontation with our own research conducted on the Polish population from Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Regions. Our research is concentrated on showing how polluted environments of large agglomerations affects the development of AMD. In addition to confirming heavy metal accumulation, the growth of risk of acute phase factors and polymorphism in the genetic material in AMD development, it will also help in the detection of new markers of this disease. This will lead to a better understanding of the etiology of AMD and will help to establish prevention and early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Brodzka
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Jędrzej Baszyński
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Rektor
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Karolina Hołderna-Bona
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emilia Stanek
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Halina Tkaczenko
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Grażyna Malukiewicz
- Department of Eye Diseases, University Hospital No. 1, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Karłowicz St. 24, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
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Thomsen AK, Krogh Nielsen M, Liisborg C, Sørensen TL. Interleukin-8 Promoter Polymorphism -251 A/T and Treatment Response in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:537-543. [PMID: 38405106 PMCID: PMC10894597 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s448794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory chemokine, suggested to hold a role in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Our aim is to study the association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism -251 A/T (rs4073) in the IL-8 promoter region with the treatment response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections in nAMD. Patients and Methods This is a prospective study of treatment-naïve patients with nAMD. Treatment response after a loading dose of three intravitreal anti-VEGF injections was defined as functional response based on change in visual acuity, and morphological response based on change in central retinal thickness (CRT) and intraretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography. Morphological response was categorized in good, partial, and poor responders. Blood DNA was analyzed for -251 A/T genotype. Results The IL-8 promoter polymorphism -251 A/T was not significantly associated to functional treatment response (P=0.09). No significant association was found between genotype and morphological treatment response (P=0.799). Older age was significantly associated to good morphological responders compared to partial and poor responders (P=0.014). Conclusion The IL-8 polymorphism -251 A/T is not associated to morphological nor functional treatment response to intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in patients with nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kai Thomsen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Krogh Nielsen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Liisborg
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Biasella F, Plössl K, Baird PN, Weber BHF. The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147037. [PMID: 36936905 PMCID: PMC10014728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) as well as genetically complex retinal phenotypes represent a heterogenous group of ocular diseases, both on account of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Therefore, overlaps in clinical features often complicate or even impede their correct clinical diagnosis. Deciphering the molecular basis of retinal diseases has not only aided in their disease classification but also helped in our understanding of how different molecular pathologies may share common pathomechanisms. In particular, these relate to dysregulation of two key processes that contribute to cellular integrity, namely extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. Pathological changes in the ECM of Bruch's membrane have been described in both monogenic IRDs, such as Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), as well as in the genetically complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Additionally, complement system dysfunction and distorted immune regulation may also represent a common connection between some IRDs and complex retinal degenerations. Through highlighting such overlaps in molecular pathology, this review aims to illuminate how inflammatory processes and ECM homeostasis are linked in the healthy retina and how their interplay may be disturbed in aging as well as in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
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Wong JHC, Ma JYW, Jobling AI, Brandli A, Greferath U, Fletcher EL, Vessey KA. Exploring the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration: A review of the interplay between retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and the innate immune system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1009599. [PMID: 36408381 PMCID: PMC9670140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1009599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the older population. Classical hallmarks of early and intermediate AMD are accumulation of drusen, a waste deposit formed under the retina, and pigmentary abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). When the disease progresses into late AMD, vision is affected due to death of the RPE and the light-sensitive photoreceptors. The RPE is essential to the health of the retina as it forms the outer blood retinal barrier, which establishes ocular immune regulation, and provides support for the photoreceptors. Due to its unique anatomical position, the RPE can communicate with the retinal environment and the systemic immune environment. In AMD, RPE dysfunction and the accumulation of drusen drive the infiltration of retinal and systemic innate immune cells into the outer retina. While recruited endogenous or systemic mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) contribute to the removal of noxious debris, the accumulation of MPs can also result in chronic inflammation and contribute to AMD progression. In addition, direct communication and indirect molecular signaling between MPs and the RPE may promote RPE cell death, choroidal neovascularization and fibrotic scarring that occur in late AMD. In this review, we explore how the RPE and innate immune cells maintain retinal homeostasis, and detail how RPE dysfunction and aberrant immune cell recruitment contribute to AMD pathogenesis. Evidence from AMD patients will be discussed in conjunction with data from preclinical models, to shed light on future therapeutic targets for the treatment of AMD.
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Kaur G, Singh NK. The Role of Inflammation in Retinal Neurodegeneration and Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010386. [PMID: 35008812 PMCID: PMC8745623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration is predominantly reported as the apoptosis or impaired function of the photoreceptors. Retinal degeneration is a major causative factor of irreversible vision loss leading to blindness. In recent years, retinal degenerative diseases have been investigated and many genes and genetic defects have been elucidated by many of the causative factors. An enormous amount of research has been performed to determine the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative conditions and to formulate the treatment modalities that are the critical requirements in this current scenario. Encouraging results have been obtained using gene therapy. We provide a narrative review of the various studies performed to date on the role of inflammation in human retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal dystrophies, retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt macular dystrophy, and Leber congenital amaurosis. In addition, we have highlighted the pivotal role of various inflammatory mechanisms in the progress of retinal degeneration. This review also offers an assessment of various therapeutic approaches, including gene-therapies and stem-cell-based therapies, for degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ulhaq ZS, Soraya GV. Roles of IL-8 -251A/T and +781C/T polymorphisms, IL-8 level, and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2021; 96:476-487. [PMID: 34479704 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the association between IL-8 gene polymorphisms, IL-8 level, towards the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Meta-analysis was performed from available studies that investigated IL-8 -251A/T (rs4073) and +781C/T (rs2227306) polymorphisms and IL-8 levels in patients with AMD and controls. RESULTS Overall, the pooled result showed a significant association between AMD with allelic (T vs. C; OR 1.53; p = 0.005), dominant (TT + CT vs. CC; OR 1.95; p = 0.017), homozygous (TT vs. CC; OR 2.03; p = 0.039) and heterozygous (CT vs. CC; OR 1.92; p = 0.032) models of rs2227306; while subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between rs2227306 with wet AMD in allelic (T vs. C; OR 1.69; p = 0.016), recessive (TT vs. CT + CC; OR 1.81; p = 0.00007), and homozygous (TT vs. CC; OR 2.64; p = 0.003) models. No significant association was observed between rs4073 with AMD in all inheritance models. In parallel, patients with AMD, particularly wet AMD had an elevated level of IL-8 compared to control. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that patients with AMD or wet AMD have higher IL-8 levels compared to control, which is also supported by the evidence that carrier T allele of rs2227306 exhibited an increase in the risk of AMD or wet AMD. Thus, IL-8 +781C/T (rs2227306) polymorphism and the level of intraocular IL-8 may be useful as a biomarker for early detection and a therapeutic target of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Ulhaq
- Departamento de Ciencia Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Estatal Islámica Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Batu, Indonesia.
| | - G V Soraya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Hasanuddin, Macasar, Indonesia
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Roshanipour N, Shahriyari E, Ghaffari Laleh M, Vahedi L, Mirjand Gerami S, Khamaneh A. Associations of TLR4 and IL-8 genes polymorphisms with age-related macular degeneration (AMD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:641-649. [PMID: 34287094 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1955274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of different studies have indicated the possible associations of TLR4 and IL-8 genes polymorphisms with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). A meta-analysis study was designed to evaluate the possible associations of TLR4 (rs4986790/c.896A>G and rs4986791/ c.1196 C > T) and IL-8 (rs4073/c.251A>T and rs2227306/c.781 C > T) genes polymorphisms with AMD. METHOD A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify relevant publications. Pooled Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to evaluate the power of association. RESULTS A total of 12 case-control studies with 4804 AMD patients and 4422 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. The analysis of genotypic and allelic models demonstrated significant associations between IL-8 c.781 C > T (CC vs. TT+TC: OR = 0.62 [0.48-0.81], P < .01; CC vs. TC: OR = 0.65 [0.48-0.89], P < .01; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.64 [1.04-2.57], P = .03; and C vs. T: OR = 0.71 [0.65-0.79], P < .01) and risk of AMD, which all of them passed Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (P-value≤0.01), except for TT vs. CC model. In addition, we found associations under the genotypic model of TLR4 c.896A>G (AA vs. AG+GG: OR = 0.73 [0.55-0.97], P = .03; and AA vs. AG: OR = 0.71 [0.53-0.95], P = .02) although after Bonferroni correction (P'-value<0.02) none of these associations remained significant. However, the data from this meta-analysis declined the associations of TLR4 c.1196 C > T and IL-8 c.251A>T polymorphisms with AMD. CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis study suggested that IL-8 c.781 C > T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Roshanipour
- Department of Biology, School of Genetic, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.,Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Shahriyari
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaffari Laleh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Medical Faculty, Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Vahedi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sousan Mirjand Gerami
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Khamaneh
- Medical Faculty, Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Scholl HPN, Boyer D, Giani A, Chong V. The use of neuroprotective agents in treating geographic atrophy. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:888-902. [PMID: 34153966 DOI: 10.1159/000517794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik P N Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea Giani
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Victor Chong
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Hernandez M, Recalde S, González-Zamora J, Bilbao-Malavé V, Sáenz de Viteri M, Bezunartea J, Moreno-Orduña M, Belza I, Barrio-Barrio J, Fernandez-Robredo P, García-Layana A. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Synergistic Effect of Vitamin D and Nutritional Complex on Retinal Pigment Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Lines against Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051423. [PMID: 33922669 PMCID: PMC8170899 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease of the retina featured by dysfunction of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) and loss of photoreceptor cells under oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions. Vitamin D and antioxidants have beneficial effects against retinal degenerative diseases, such as AMD. We investigated the impact of associating vitamin D (ND) with a nutritional antioxidant complex (Nutrof Total®; N) on oxidative stress and inflammation-like induced conditions by H2O2 and LPS, respectively, in human retinal epithelial (ARPE-19) and human retinal endothelial (HREC) cells. Application of either N or ND treatments to H2O2-induced media in ARPE-19 cells counteracted late apoptosis, attenuated oxidative DNA damage, and increased cell proliferation. Significant reduction in the expression levels of MCP1, IL-8, and IL6 cytokines was observed following application of either N or ND treatments under LPS-induced conditions in ARPE-19 cells and in MCP-1 and IL12p70 cytokine levels in HREC cells. ND and not N revealed significant downregulation of IFNγ in ARPE-19 cells, and of IL-6 and IL-18 in HREC cells. In conclusion, adding vitamin D to Nutrof Total® protects in a synergistic way against oxidative and inflammatory stress-induced conditions in retinal epithelial and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Manuel Sáenz de Viteri
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Moreno-Orduña
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Belza
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Jesús Barrio-Barrio
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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10
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Associations of IL-8 gene polymorphisms and IL-8 levels with predisposition to age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2703. [PMID: 32157592 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Ulhaq ZS, Soraya GV, Budu, Wulandari LR. The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism and intraocular IL-6 levels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17453. [PMID: 33060644 PMCID: PMC7566646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the key regulators behind the inflammatory and pathological process associated with ophthalmic diseases. The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism as well as intraocular IL-6 levels among various eye disease patients differ across studies and has not been systematically reviewed. Thus, this study aims to provide a summary to understand the relationship between IL-6 and ophthalmic disease. In total, 8,252 and 11,014 subjects for IL-6-174 G/C and intraocular levels of IL-6, respectively, were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. No association was found between IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms with ocular diseases. Subgroup analyses revealed a suggestive association between the GC genotype of IL-6-174 G/C with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Further, the level of intraocular IL-6 among ocular disease patients in general was found to be higher than the control group [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-1.58, P < 0.00001]. Closer examination through subgroup analyses yielded similar results in several ocular diseases. This study thus indicates that the IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism does not predispose patients to ocular disease, although the GC genotype is likely to be a genetic biomarker for PDR. Moreover, intraocular IL-6 concentrations are related to the specific manifestations of the ophthalmic diseases. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Batu, East Java, 65151, Indonesia.
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Budu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Lely Retno Wulandari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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12
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Klettner A, Brinkmann A, Winkelmann K, Käckenmeister T, Hildebrandt J, Roider J. Effect of long-term inflammation on viability and function of RPE cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108214. [PMID: 32898511 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Degenerative ocular disorders like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are associated with long-term pro-inflammatory signals on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of long term treatment of RPE cells with agonists of toll-like receptor (TLR) -3 (Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, Poly I:C), TLR-4 (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. METHODS All tests were conducted with primary porcine RPE. Cells were stimulated with Poly I:C (1, 10, 100 μg/ml), LPS (0.1, 1, 10 μg/ml) or TNFα (12.5, 25 or 50 ng/ml) for 1 day, 7 days or 4 weeks. Cell viability tests (MTT) were additionally tested in ARPE-19 cells. Cytokine secretion (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, TGF-β) was tested in ELISA, phagocytosis in a microscopic assay, and expression of RPE65 in Western blot. Barrier function was tested in transwell-cultured cells by measuring transepithelial resistance for up to 3 days. RESULTS LPS and TNFα significantly reduce cell viability after 1 day and 7 days, Poly I:C after 7 days and 4 weeks. LPS, Poly I:C and TNFα significantly induce the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 at all tested time points. IL-1β is increased by LPS and Poly I:C after 1 day, but not by TNFα. TNFα secretion is increased by Poly I:C and LPS after 1 day but not at later time points. TGF-β secretion is not influenced by any stimulus. Concerning RPE function, LPS decreased phagocytosis after 7 days, while Poly I:C and TNFα showed no effect. RPE65 expression was strongly reduced by TNFα and LPS after 4 weeks. Wound healing capacity was reduced by Poly I:C but induced by LPS after 7 d and 4 w. Barrier function was not affected by Poly I:C or LPS, while TNFα reduced barrier function after 1 h, 4 h and 3 days. CONCLUSION Long term pro-inflammatory stimuli reduce RPE viability, barrier properties and cellular function and induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and therefore may contribute directly to atrophic changes in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Klettner
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B2, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anna Brinkmann
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B2, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Winkelmann
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B2, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom Käckenmeister
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B2, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Hildebrandt
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B2, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann Roider
- University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B2, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Krilis M, Qi M, Madigan MC, Wong JWH, Abdelatti M, Guymer RH, Whitelock J, McCluskey P, Zhang P, Qi J, Hunyor AP, Krilis SA, Giannakopoulos B. Nitration of tyrosines in complement factor H domains alters its immunological activity and mediates a pathogenic role in age related macular degeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49016-49032. [PMID: 28159936 PMCID: PMC5564745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrosative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD). Tyrosine nitration is a unique type of post translational modification that occurs in the setting of inflammation and nitrosative stress. To date, the significance and functional implications of tyrosine nitration of complement factor H (CFH), a key complement regulator in the eye has not been explored, and is examined in this study in the context of AMD pathogenesis. Sections of eyes from deceased individuals with AMD (n = 5) demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive nitrotyrosine CFH. We purified nitrated CFH from retinae from 2 AMD patients. Mass spectrometry of CFH isolated from AMD eyes revealed nitrated residues in domains critical for binding to heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), lipid peroxidation by-products and complement (C) 3b. Functional studies revealed that nitrated CFH did not bind to lipid peroxidation products, nor to the GAG of perlecan nor to C3b. There was loss of cofactor activity for Factor I mediated cleavage of C3b with nitrated CFH compared to non-nitrated CFH. CFH inhibits, but nitrated CFH significantly potentiates, the secretion of the pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokine IL-8 from monocytes that have been stimulated with lipid peroxidation by-products. AMD patients (n = 30) and controls (n = 30) were used to measure plasma nitrated CFH using a novel ELISA. AMD patients had significantly elevated nitrated CFH levels compared to controls (p = 0.0117). These findings strongly suggest that nitrated CFH contributes to AMD progression, and is a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Krilis
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele C Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason W H Wong
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Abdelatti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter McCluskey
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex P Hunyor
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven A Krilis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bill Giannakopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Rheumatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Wang J, Feng Y, Han P, Wang F, Luo X, Liang J, Sun X, Ye J, Lu Y, Sun X. Photosensitization of A2E triggers telomere dysfunction and accelerates retinal pigment epithelium senescence. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:178. [PMID: 29415988 PMCID: PMC5833825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in elderly people. AMD is classified as early, intermediate, advanced non-neovascular, and advanced neovascular forms depending on the clinical features. However, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells degeneration is a hallmark of AMD. With aging, lipofuscin accumulates in RPE cells. N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (named A2E), a well-known fluorophore of lipofuscin, may contribute to RPE cells degeneration. In this study, we showed that photosensitization of A2E increased DNA damage, including telomere deprotection and deletion, and triggered cellular senescence. In addition, we found that the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) partially alleviated this DNA damage. Telomerase overexpression rescued A2E-mediated RPE cell senescence, indicating that telomere dysfunction plays an important role in A2E-based senescence. We further showed that the senescence induced by A2E photosensitization may affect the microenvironment of the retina by expressing several factors of the secretory phenotype (SASP) including IL1B, IL13RA2, and CXCR4 through the NF-κB pathway. We propose that expression of these factors create a pro-inflammatory environment that drives retina degeneration. Moreover, our findings suggest that protecting telomeres is a valuable strategy for treating retinal degeneration diseases, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.,International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiji Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peng Han
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ye
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiming Lu
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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15
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C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3 binding of factor H-like protein 1 differs from complement factor H: implications for retinal inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1643. [PMID: 29374201 PMCID: PMC5786067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation plays a key role in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition that leads to loss of central vision. The deposition of the acute phase pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP) in the macula activates the complement system, thereby contributing to dysregulated inflammation. The complement protein factor H (FH) can bind CRP and down-regulate an inflammatory response. However, it is not known whether a truncated form of FH, called factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1), which plays a significant regulatory role in the eye, also interacts with CRP. Here, we compare the binding properties of FHL-1 and FH to both CRP and the related protein pentraxin-3 (PTX3). We find that, unlike FH, FHL-1 can bind pro-inflammatory monomeric CRP (mCRP) as well as the circulating pentameric form. Furthermore, the four-amino acid C-terminal tail of FHL-1 (not present in FH) plays a role in mediating its binding to mCRP. PTX3 was found to be present in the macula of donor eyes and the AMD-associated Y402H polymorphism altered the binding of FHL-1 to PTX3. Our findings reveal that the binding characteristics of FHL-1 differ from those of FH, likely underpinning independent immune regulatory functions in the context of the human retina.
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16
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Garriga C, Pazianas M, Hawley S, Delmestri A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Cooper C, Judge A. Oral bisphosphonate use and age-related macular degeneration: retrospective cohort and nested case-control study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1415:34-46. [PMID: 29363763 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Our objective here was to determine whether oral bisphosphonate (BP) use is associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We performed a population-based study using electronic health records from UK primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink). A cohort of 13,974 hip fracture patients (1999-2013) was used to conduct (1) a propensity score-matched cohort analysis and (2) a nested case-control analysis. Hip fracture patients were aged ≥50 years without AMD diagnosis before hip fracture date or in the first year of follow-up. Among 6208 matched patients and during 22,142 person-years of follow-up, 57 (1.8%) and 42 (1.4%) AMD cases occurred in BP users and non-BP users, respectively. The survival analysis model did not provide significant evidence of a higher risk of AMD in BP users (subhazard ratio: 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-2.72; P = 0.08), although there was a significant increased risk among BP users with high medication possession ratio (MPR) (top quartile) relative to non-BP users (odds ratio: 5.08, 95% CI: 3.11-8.30; P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, oral BP use was not associated with an increased risk of AMD in this cohort of hip fracture patients, although the risk increased significantly with higher MPR. More data are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Garriga
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Theme, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Pazianas
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Theme, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Hawley
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Theme, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Theme, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Theme, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Theme, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Theme, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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17
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Parmar VM, Parmar T, Arai E, Perusek L, Maeda A. A2E-associated cell death and inflammation in retinal pigmented epithelial cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 27:95-104. [PMID: 29358124 PMCID: PMC5877810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is observed in retinal degenerative diseases including Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration. Bis-retinoid N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E) is a major component of lipofuscin. A2E has been implicated in RPE atrophy and retinal inflammation; however, mice with A2E accumulation display only a mild retinal phenotype. In the current study, human iPSC-RPE (hiPSC-RPE) cells were generated from healthy individuals to examine effects of A2E in human RPE cells. hiPSC-RPE cells displayed RPE-specific features, which include expression of RPE-specific genes, tight junction formation and ability to carry out phagocytosis. hiPSC-RPE cells demonstrated cell death and increased VEGF-A production in a time-dependent manner when they were cocultured with 10 μM of A2E. PCR array analyses revealed upregulation of 26 and 12 pro-inflammatory cytokines upon A2E and H2O2 exposure respectively, indicating that A2E and H2O2 can cause inflammation in human retinas. Notably, identified gene profiles were different between A2E- and H2O2-treated hiPSC-RPE cells. A2E caused inflammatory changes observed in retinal degenerative diseases more closely as compared to H2O2. Collectively, these data obtained with hiPSC-RPE cells provide evidence that A2E plays an important role in pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul M Parmar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Tanu Parmar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Eisuke Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Lindsay Perusek
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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18
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Dakal TC, Kala D, Dhiman G, Yadav V, Krokhotin A, Dokholyan NV. Predicting the functional consequences of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL8 gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6525. [PMID: 28747718 PMCID: PMC5529537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report an in-silico approach for identification, characterization and validation of deleterious non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in the interleukin-8 gene using three steps. In first step, sequence homology-based genetic analysis of a set of 50 coding SNPs associated with 41 rsIDs using SIFT (Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant) and PROVEAN (Protein Variation Effect Analyzer) identified 23 nsSNPs to be putatively damaging/deleterious in at least one of the two tools used. Subsequently, structure-homology based PolyPhen-2 (Polymorphism Phenotyping) analysis predicted 9 of 23 nsSNPs (K4T, E31A, E31K, S41Y, I55N, P59L, P59S, L70P and V88D) to be damaging. According to the conditional hypothesis for the study, only nsSNPs that score damaging/deleterious prediction in both sequence and structural homology-based approach will be considered as 'high-confidence' nsSNPs. In step 2, based on conservation of amino acid residues, stability analysis, structural superimposition, RSMD and docking analysis, the possible structural-functional relationship was ascertained for high-confidence nsSNPs. Finally, in a separate analysis (step 3), the IL-8 deregulation has also appeared to be an important prognostic marker for detection of patients with gastric and lung cancer. This study, for the first time, provided in-depth insights on the effects of amino acid substitutions on IL-8 protein structure, function and disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Deepak Kala
- University Institute of Biopharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Gourav Dhiman
- University Institute of Biopharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123029, Haryana, India
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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19
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Tian B, Al-Moujahed A, Bouzika P, Hu Y, Notomi S, Tsoka P, Miller JW, Lin H, Vavvas DG. Atorvastatin Promotes Phagocytosis and Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Response in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2329. [PMID: 28539592 PMCID: PMC5443823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of daily shed photoreceptor outer segments is an important function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and it is essential for retinal homeostasis. RPE dysfunction, especially impairment of its phagocytic ability, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Statins, or HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors, are drugs with multiple properties that have been extensively used to treat hyperlipidemia. However, their effect on RPE cells has not been fully elucidated. Here we report that high dose atorvastatin increased the phagocytic function of ARPE-19 cells, as well as rescue the cells from the phagocytic dysfunction induced by cholesterol crystals and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), potentially by increasing the cellular membrane fluidity. Similar effects were observed when evaluating two other hydrophobic statins, lovastatin and simvastatin. Furthermore, atorvastatin was able to block the induction of interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 triggered by pathologic stimuli relevant to AMD, such as cholesterol crystals and ox-LDL. Our study shows that statins, a well-tolerated class of drugs with rare serious adverse effects, help preserve the phagocytic function of the RPE while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Both characteristics make statins a potential effective medication for the prevention and treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Ahmad Al-Moujahed
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Peggy Bouzika
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Yijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shoji Notomi
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Pavlina Tsoka
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Joan W Miller
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Haijiang Lin
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States.
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
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Lechner J, Chen M, Hogg RE, Toth L, Silvestri G, Chakravarthy U, Xu H. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients produce higher levels of chemokines CCL2 (MCP-1) and CXCL8 (IL-8). J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:42. [PMID: 28231837 PMCID: PMC5324243 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infiltrating immune cells including monocytes/macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine and chemokine expression and secretion profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from nAMD patients and the relationship between the cytokine/chemokine expression profile and clinical phenotype of nAMD, including macular fibrosis, macular atrophy or the responsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy. Methods One hundred sixty-one nAMD patients and 43 controls were enrolled in this study. nAMD patients were divided into subgroups based on the presence/absence of (1) macular atrophy, (2) macular fibrosis and (3) responsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy; 25–30 ml of peripheral blood were obtained from all participants and 5 ml were used for serum collection, and the remaining were used for PBMC isolation using density gradient centrifugation. Intracellular cytokine expressions by PBMCs following phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin stimulation were examined using flow cytometry. Cytokine productions in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-or 1% oxygen -treated PBMC were measured using cytometric bead array (CBA) assay. In addition, cytokine and chemokine levels in the serum were also measured by CBA assay. Results PBMCs from nAMD patients secreted higher levels of IL-8, CCL2 and VEGF, especially following LPS and 1% oxygen stimulation, than those from controls. 60~80% of IL-8 producing cells were CD11b+CD3− monocytes. The percentage of CD11b+CD3− IL-8+ was significantly increased in nAMD patients compared to controls. PBMCs from nAMD patients without macular fibrosis produced the highest levels of IL-8 and CCL2, whilst PBMCs from nAMD patients with macular atrophy produced highest levels of VEGF. In addition, PBMCs from patients who partially responded to anti-VEGF produced higher levels of IL-8 compared to the cells from complete responders. Interestingly, serum level of CCL2 was not increased in nAMD patients although there was a trend of increased IL-8 in nAMD patients. Conclusions PBMCs, in particular monocytes, may contribute to CNV development in nAMD through secreting elevated levels of IL-8, CCL2 and VEGF after they are recruited to the macula. Apart from VEGF, IL-8 and CCL2 may be additional targets for nAMD management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0820-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lechner
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ruth E Hogg
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Levente Toth
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Giuliana Silvestri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Usha Chakravarthy
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. .,The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, Belfast, UK.
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Marazita MC, Dugour A, Marquioni-Ramella MD, Figueroa JM, Suburo AM. Oxidative stress-induced premature senescence dysregulates VEGF and CFH expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Implications for Age-related Macular Degeneration. Redox Biol 2016; 7:78-87. [PMID: 26654980 PMCID: PMC4683426 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a critical role in the pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial disease that includes age, gene variants of complement regulatory proteins and smoking as the main risk factors. Stress-induced premature cellular senescence (SIPS) is postulated to contribute to this condition. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative damage, promoted by endogenous or exogenous sources, could elicit a senescence response in RPE cells, which would in turn dysregulate the expression of major players in AMD pathogenic mechanisms. We showed that exposure of a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) to a cigarette smoke concentrate (CSC), not only enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, but also induced 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine-immunoreactive (8-OHdG) DNA lesions and phosphorylated-Histone 2AX-immunoreactive (p-H2AX) nuclear foci. CSC-nuclear damage was followed by premature senescence as shown by positive senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, and p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf-Cip1) protein upregulation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment, a ROS scavenger, decreased senescence markers, thus supporting the role of oxidative damage in CSC-induced senescence activation. ARPE-19 senescent cultures were also established by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is an endogenous stress source produced in the retina under photo-oxidation conditions. Senescent cells upregulated the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, the main markers of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Most important, we show for the first time that senescent ARPE-19 cells upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and simultaneously downregulated complement factor H (CFH) expression. Since both phenomena are involved in AMD pathogenesis, our results support the hypothesis that SIPS could be a principal player in the induction and progression of AMD. Moreover, they would also explain the striking association of this disease with cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela C Marazita
- Cell and Molecular Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Andrea Dugour
- Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires C1440 FFX, Argentina
| | - Melisa D Marquioni-Ramella
- Cell and Molecular Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | | | - Angela M Suburo
- Cell and Molecular Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina.
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22
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Molins B, Fuentes-Prior P, Adán A, Antón R, Arostegui JI, Yagüe J, Dick AD. Complement factor H binding of monomeric C-reactive protein downregulates proinflammatory activity and is impaired with at risk polymorphic CFH variants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22889. [PMID: 26961257 PMCID: PMC4785391 DOI: 10.1038/srep22889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune-mediated processes are pivotal to the pathogenic progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been shown to be associated with an increased risk for AMD, the pathophysiological importance of the prototypical acute-phase reactant in the etiology of the disease is unknown, and data regarding the exact role of CRP in ocular inflammation are limited. In this study, we provide mechanistic insight into how CRP contributes to the development of AMD. In particular, we show that monomeric CRP (mCRP) but not the pentameric form (pCRP) upregulates IL-8 and CCL2 levels in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Further, we show that complement factor H (FH) binds mCRP to dampen its proinflammatory activity. FH from AMD patients carrying the “risk” His402 polymorphism displays impaired binding to mCRP, and therefore proinflammatory effects of mCRP remain unrestrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Molins
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Fuentes-Prior
- Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Alfredo Adán
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Antón
- Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan I Arostegui
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Yagüe
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
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23
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Hautamäki A, Seitsonen S, Holopainen JM, Moilanen JA, Kivioja J, Onkamo P, Järvelä I, Immonen I. The genetic variant rs4073 A→T of the Interleukin-8 promoter region is associated with the earlier onset of exudative age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:726-33. [PMID: 26154559 PMCID: PMC4758390 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To study the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4073 in the interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) promoter region with the diagnosis and age of onset of exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in association with the known genetic risk factors for AMD and tobacco smoking. Methods Medical records, smoking history and angiograms or fundus photographs of 301 patients with exudative AMD, 72 patients with dry AMD and 119 control subjects were analysed retrospectively. The associations of IL‐8 rs4073 A→T, CFH rs1061170 T→C, ARMS2 rs10490924 G→T and C3 rs2230199 C→G SNPs with the presence of AMD and with the age of onset of exudative AMD were analysed. Results Younger age of exudative AMD onset was associated with the homozygous AA genotype of IL‐8 rs4073 (p = 0.009, Mann–Whitney U‐test), CC genotype of CFH rs1061170 (p = 0.016), TT genotype of ARMS2 rs10490924 (p = 0.001) and with current smoking (p = 0.002). The risk alleles C in CFH rs1061170 (p < 0.0001, Pearson chi‐square) and T in ARMS2 rs10490924 (p < 0.0001), as well as smoking (p < 0.0001), were more prevalent in AMD patients compared with controls. No association was found between the IL‐8 rs4073 genotype and the presence of AMD. Conclusion Out of the factors associated with the earlier onset of exudative AMD, only the genotype of IL‐8 rs4073 did not appear as a risk factor for AMD in general. IL‐8 may have a role in accelerating the development of the choroidal neovascularization in exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Hautamäki
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Sanna Seitsonen
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha M. Holopainen
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jukka A. Moilanen
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jarno Kivioja
- Department of Medical Genetics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Onkamo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Immonen
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
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24
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Dib B, Lin H, Maidana DE, Tian B, Miller JB, Bouzika P, Miller JW, Vavvas DG. Mitochondrial DNA has a pro-inflammatory role in AMD. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:2897-906. [PMID: 26305120 PMCID: PMC5330253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly of industrialized nations, and there is increasing evidence to support a role for chronic inflammation in its pathogenesis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been recently reported to be pro-inflammatory in various diseases such as Alzheimer's and heart failure. Here, we report that intracellular mtDNA induces ARPE-19 cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, which have been consistently associated with AMD onset and progression. The induction was dependent on the size of mtDNA, but not on specific sequence. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of AMD, and our findings indicate that mtDNA induces IL-6 and IL-8 more potently when oxidized. Cytokine induction was mediated by STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) and NF-κB as evidenced by abrogation of the cytokine response with the use of specific inhibitors (siRNA and BAY 11-7082, respectively). Finally, mtDNA primed the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study contributes to our understanding of the potential pro-inflammatory role of mtDNA in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Dib
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haijiang Lin
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel E Maidana
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bo Tian
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John B Miller
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peggy Bouzika
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joan W Miller
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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25
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Jian K, Wang Q, Jiang L, Guo Z, Jiang N, Wang L, Liu J. WITHDRAWN: Association between interleukin 8 -251 A/T and +781 C/T polymorphisms and coronary artery disease risk. Hum Immunol 2015:S0198-8859(15)00489-9. [PMID: 26429308 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KaiTao Jian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - ZhiGang Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lianqun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - JianShi Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
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26
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Fontes FL, de Araújo LF, Coutinho LG, Leib SL, Agnez-Lima LF. Genetic polymorphisms associated with the inflammatory response in bacterial meningitis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:70. [PMID: 26316174 PMCID: PMC4593216 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis (BM) is an infectious disease that results in high mortality and morbidity. Despite efficacious antibiotic therapy, neurological sequelae are often observed in patients after disease. Currently, the main challenge in BM treatment is to develop adjuvant therapies that reduce the occurrence of sequelae. In recent papers published by our group, we described the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) AADAT +401C > T, APEX1 Asn148Glu, OGG1 Ser326Cys and PARP1 Val762Ala and BM. In this study, we analyzed the associations between the SNPs TNF -308G > A, TNF -857C > T, IL-8 -251A > T and BM and investigated gene-gene interactions, including the SNPs that we published previously. Methods The study was conducted with 54 BM patients and 110 healthy volunteers (as the control group). The genotypes were investigated via primer-introduced restriction analysis-polymerase chain reaction (PIRA-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were also associated with cytokine and chemokine levels, as measured with the x-MAP method, and cell counts. We analyzed gene-gene interactions among SNPs using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. Results We did not find significant association between the SNPs TNF -857C > T and IL-8 -251A > T and the disease. However, a higher frequency of the variant allele TNF -308A was observed in the control group, associated with changes in cytokine levels compared to individuals with wild type genotypes, suggesting a possible protective role. In addition, combined inter-gene interaction analysis indicated a significant association between certain genotypes and BM, mainly involving the alleles APEX1 148Glu, IL8 -251 T and AADAT +401 T. These genotypic combinations were shown to affect cyto/chemokine levels and cell counts in CSF samples from BM patients. Conclusions In conclusion, this study revealed a significant association between genetic variability and altered inflammatory responses, involving important pathways that are activated during BM. This knowledge may be useful for a better understanding of BM pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0218-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia Lima Fontes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Luíza Ferreira de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbuehlstrasse 51, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências - UFRN, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
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27
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Janelidze S, Suchankova P, Ekman A, Erhardt S, Sellgren C, Samuelsson M, Westrin A, Minthon L, Hansson O, Träskman-Bendz L, Brundin L. Low IL-8 is associated with anxiety in suicidal patients: genetic variation and decreased protein levels. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:269-78. [PMID: 25251027 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies indicate that inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of suicidality. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that in addition to its function in the immune system also exert neuroprotective properties. The involvement of this chemokine in neuropsychiatric conditions is incompletely known. METHOD We measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-8, as well as the genotype frequency of a single nucleotide polymorphism (-251A/T, rs4073) in the promoter region of the IL8 gene, in suicide attempters (n=206) and healthy controls (n=578). RESULTS Plasma and CSF levels of IL-8 were significantly lower in suicide attempters with anxiety than in healthy controls. IL-8 in both plasma and CSF correlated negatively with symptoms of anxiety. Compared with the population-based cohort, the IL-8-251T allele was more prevalent among female suicide attempters. Furthermore, suicide attempters carrying this allele showed more severe anxiety. This correlative study warrants further mechanistic studies on the effects of IL-8 in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION We suggest that IL-8 might be involved in the biological mechanisms mediating resilience to anxiety. Thus, our findings highlight the chemokine IL-8 as a potential target for future development of anti-anxiety treatments and suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janelidze
- Section for Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Knickelbein JE, Chan CC, Sen HN, Ferris FL, Nussenblatt RB. Inflammatory Mechanisms of Age-related Macular Degeneration. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2015; 55:63-78. [PMID: 26035762 PMCID: PMC4472429 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly in the western world. To date, no cure is available and the current anti-VEGF therapy has only shown limited efficacy in improving visual acuity in neovascular AMD. The etiology of AMD remains elusive but research over the past decade has uncovered characteristic features of the disease. These features include: oxidative stress and retinal pigment epithelial cell cytotoxicity; loss of macromolecular permeability and hydraulic conductivity in Bruch's membrane; inflammation; choroidal neovascularization and vascular leakage; and loss of neuroprotection. Recent breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of AMD have spawned an array of novel therapeutic agents designed to address these hallmarks. Here we review the features of AMD and highlight the most promising therapeutic and diagnostic approaches based on the patents published from 2008 to 2011.
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Age-related macular degeneration: insights into inflammatory genes. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:582842. [PMID: 25478207 PMCID: PMC4247975 DOI: 10.1155/2014/582842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 8.7% of elderly people worldwide (>55 years old). AMD is characterized by a multifactorial aetiology that involves several genetic and environmental risk factors (genes, ageing, smoking, family history, dietary habits, oxidative stress, and hypertension). In particular, ageing and cigarette smoking (including oxidative compounds and reactive oxygen species) have been shown to significantly increase susceptibility to the disease. Furthermore, different genes (CFH, CFI, C2, C3, IL-6, IL-8, and ARMS2) that play a crucial role in the inflammatory pathway have been associated with AMD risk. Several genetic and molecular studies have indicated the participation of inflammatory molecules (cytokines and chemokines), immune cells (macrophages), and complement proteins in the development and progression of the disease. Taking into consideration the genetic and molecular background, this review highlights the genetic role of inflammatory genes involved in AMD pathogenesis and progression.
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Association between interleukin 8 -251 A/T and +781 C/T polymorphisms and osteoarthritis risk. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:207-11. [PMID: 25194757 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin 8 (IL-8), as a member of the CXC chemokine family, has a regulatory role in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation, and contribute to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of the IL-8 gene polymorphisms at positions -251 (rs4073) and +781 (rs2227306) on the risk of osteoarthritis. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study comprised 150 patients with osteoarthritis and 150 age- and gender-matched controls. IL-8 251 A/T and +781 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Patients with osteoarthritis had a significantly higher frequency of IL-8 -251 TT genotype [odds ratio (OR)=2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09, 4.26; P=0.03], IL-8 -251 T allele (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.02, 1.94; P=0.04), IL-8 +781 TT genotype (OR=2.79, 95% CI=1.10, 7.08; P=0.03) and IL-8 +781 T allele (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.02, 2.14; P=0.04) than controls. But the findings are less emphatic by the Bonferroni correction. When stratifying by body mass index, type, articular involvement, and Kellgren-Lawrence grade, no significant differences were found in any groups. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the current data suggested that the TT genotype and T allele of the IL-8 gene polymorphisms at positions -251 and +781 might confer a high risk of osteoarthritis. In the future, additional well-designed large studies were required for the validation of our results.
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Interleukin 8 promoter polymorphism predicts the initial response to bevacizumab treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2014; 33:1815-27. [PMID: 23584701 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e318285cf92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 8, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, complement factor H, complement component C3, and LOC387715 genes with the response to bevacizumab treatment in exudative age-related macular degeneration. METHODS Clinical records, smoking history, optical coherence tomography, and angiographies of 96 bevacizumab-treated exudative age-related macular degeneration patients were analyzed retrospectively. Blood DNA was collected. Based on the disappearance of intra- or subretinal fluid in optical coherence tomography, patients were graded as responders, partial responders, or nonresponders after 3 initial treatment visits and a median time of 3.5 months. RESULTS Interleukin 8 promoter polymorphism -251A/T was significantly associated with persisting fluid in optical coherence tomography. The A allele was more frequent in nonresponders than in responders (P = 0.033). In multivariate modeling, the AA genotype of -251A/T (P = 0.043) and occult (P = 0.042) or predominantly classic (P = 0.040) lesions predicted poorer outcome. Visual acuity change was better in responders than in nonresponders (P = 0.006). Baseline lesion size (P = 0.006) and retinal cysts after the treatment (P < 0.001) correlated with less visual acuity gain. CONCLUSION The A allele and the homozygous AA genotype of interleukin 8 -251A/T were associated with anatomical nonresponse to bevacizumab treatment.
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Sippert EÂ, de Oliveira e Silva C, Visentainer JEL, Sell AM. Association of duffy blood group gene polymorphisms with IL8 gene in chronic periodontitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83286. [PMID: 24386171 PMCID: PMC3873279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigens of the Duffy blood group system (DARC) act as a receptor for the interleukin IL-8. IL-8 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis due to its chemotactic properties on neutrophils. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association of Duffy blood group gene polymorphisms with the -353T>A, -845T>C and -738T>A SNPs of the IL8 gene in chronic periodontitis. One hundred and twenty-four individuals with chronic periodontitis and 187 controls were enrolled. DNA was extracted using the salting-out method. The Duffy genotypes and IL8 gene promoter polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-RFLP. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Chi square test with Yates correction or Fisher's Exact Test, and the possibility of associations were evaluated by odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. When analyzed separately, for the Duffy blood group system, differences in the genotype and allele frequencies were not observed between all the groups analyzed; and, in nonsmokers, the -845C allele (3.6% vs. 0.4%), -845TC genotype (7.3% vs. 0.7%) and the CTA haplotype (3.6% vs. 0.4%) were positively associated with chronic periodontitis. For the first time to our knowledge, the polymorphisms of erythroid DARC plus IL8 -353T>A SNPs were associated with chronic periodontitis in Brazilian individuals. In Afro-Brazilians patients, the FY*02N.01 with IL8 -353A SNP was associated with protection to chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Ângela Sippert
- Post Graduation Program of Biosciences Applied to Pharmacy, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maringa State University, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Sell
- Basic Health Sciences Department, Maringa State University, Parana, Brazil
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Qin S, Lu Y, Rodrigues GA. Resveratrol protects RPE cells from sodium iodate by modulating PPARα and PPARδ. Exp Eye Res 2013; 118:100-8. [PMID: 24309288 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective killing of RPE cells in vivo by sodium iodate develops cardinal phenotypes of atrophic age-related macular degeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms are elusive. We tried to search for small cyto-protective molecules against sodium iodate and explore their mechanisms of action. Sodium iodate-mediated RPE cell death was associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-8. Resveratrol, a natural occurring polyphenol compound, was found to strongly protect RPE cells from sodium iodate with inhibition of production of ROS and IL-8. Resveratrol activated all isoforms of PPARs. Treatment with PPARα and PPARδ agonists inhibited sodium iodate-induced ROS production and protected RPE cells from sodium iodate. A PPARα antagonist significantly reduced resveratrol's protection of RPE cells from sodium iodate. Paradoxically, knocking down PPARδ also rendered RPE cells resistant to sodium iodate. Moreover, PPAR agonists reversed sodium iodate-induced production of IL-8. However, neutralizing extracellular IL-8 failed to protect RPE cells from sodium iodate. Taken together, these observations show that resveratrol protects RPE cells from sodium iodate injury through the activation of PPARα and alteration of PPARδ conformation. PPARα and δ modulators might ameliorate stress-induced RPE degeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suofu Qin
- Retinal Disease Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
| | - Yimin Lu
- Retinal Disease Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Gerard A Rodrigues
- Retinal Disease Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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Nussenblatt RB, Liu B, Wei L, Sen HN. The immunological basis of degenerative diseases of the eye. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:97-112. [PMID: 23360161 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.740536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has become clear that disorders that were once considered "degenerative" have complex mechanisms, with many having been shown to have immune mediation as part of the disease process. These include arteriosclerotic heart disease and Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, several ocular disorders that once fell into the "degenerative" category meet this criterion as well. Immune mediation has been shown to be a part of many of the most common ocular disorders, and not just that of uveitis, or ocular inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Nussenblatt
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Ricci F, Staurenghi G, Lepre T, Missiroli F, Zampatti S, Cascella R, Borgiani P, Marsella LT, Eandi CM, Cusumano A, Novelli G, Giardina E. Haplotypes in IL-8 Gene Are Associated to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66978. [PMID: 23840568 PMCID: PMC3686762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of blindness in the developed world. The etiology of AMD is multifactorial due to the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. IL-8 has a role in inflammation and angiogenesis; we report the genetic characterization of IL-8 allele architecture and evaluate the role of SNPs or haplotypes in the susceptibility to wet AMD, case-control study. Methods Case-control study including 721 AMD patients and 660 controls becoming from Italian population. Genotyping was carried out by Real Time-PCR. Differences in the frequencies were estimated by the chi-square test. Direct sequencing was carried out by capillary electrophoresis trough ABI3130xl. Results rs2227306 showed a p–value of 4.15*10−5 and an Odds Ratio (OR) for T allele of 1.39 [1.19–1.62]. After these positive results, we sequenced the entire IL-8 regulatory and coding regions of 60 patients and 30 controls stratified for their genotype at rs2227306. We defined two different haplotypes involving rs4073 (A/T), rs2227306 (C/T), rs2227346 (C/T) and rs1126647 (A/T): A-T-T-T (p-value: 2.08*10−9; OR: 1.68 [1.43–1.97]) and T-C-C-A (p-value: 7.07*10−11; OR: 0.60 [0.51–0.70]). To further investigate a potential functional role of associated haplotypes, we performed an expression study on RNA extracted from whole blood of 75 donors to verify a possible direct correlation between haplotype and gene expression, failing to reveal significant differences. Conclusions These results suggest a possible secondary role of IL-8 gene in the development of the disease. This paper outlines the importance of association between inflammation and AMD. Moreover IL-8 is a new susceptibility genomic biomarker of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ricci
- UOSD Patologia retinica Fondazione PTV “Policlinico Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Staurenghi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Clinical Science “Luigi Sacco”, Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lepre
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Centre of Excellence for Genomic Risk Assessment in Multifactorial and Complex Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Missiroli
- UOSD Patologia retinica Fondazione PTV “Policlinico Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Zampatti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Centre of Excellence for Genomic Risk Assessment in Multifactorial and Complex Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Centre of Excellence for Genomic Risk Assessment in Multifactorial and Complex Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Centre of Excellence for Genomic Risk Assessment in Multifactorial and Complex Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tonino Marsella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Centre of Excellence for Genomic Risk Assessment in Multifactorial and Complex Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Eandi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Eye Clinic, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Cusumano
- UOSD Patologia retinica Fondazione PTV “Policlinico Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- National Agency of Evaluation of Universities and Research (ANVUR), Rome, Italy
- S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Centre of Excellence for Genomic Risk Assessment in Multifactorial and Complex Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Veritti D, Sarao V, Lanzetta P. Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone Acetonide for Choroidal Neovascularization Due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Unresponsive to Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factors. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 29:437-41. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Veritti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Sarao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Chan CC, Smith WM. Inflammatory Response and Mediators in Retinal Injury. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Miller JW. Age-related macular degeneration revisited--piecing the puzzle: the LXIX Edward Jackson memorial lecture. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 155:1-35.e13. [PMID: 23245386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the current understanding of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis, based on clinical evidence, epidemiologic data, histopathologic examination, and genetic data; to provide an update on current and emerging therapies; and to propose an integrated model of the pathogenesis of AMD. DESIGN Review of published clinical and experimental studies. METHODS Analysis and synthesis of clinical and experimental data. RESULTS We are closer to a complete understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD, having progressed from clinical observations to epidemiologic observations and clinical pathologic correlation. More recently, modern genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the exploration of molecular pathways. It seems that AMD is a complex disease that results from the interaction of genetic susceptibility with aging and environmental factors. Disease progression also seems to be driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Therapies based on pathophysiologic features have changed the paradigm for treating neovascular AMD. With improved understanding of the underlying genetic susceptibility, we can identify targets to halt early disease and to prevent progression and vision loss.
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Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2013; 2:269-74. [DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e31829e2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Andia DC, Letra A, Casarin RCV, Casati MZ, Line SRP, de Souza AP. Genetic analysis of the IL8 gene polymorphism (rs4073) in generalized aggressive periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 58:211-7. [PMID: 22727395 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL)-8 is an important chemokine for regulation of the inflammatory response. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reference sequence (rs) 4073 in the IL8 gene has been shown to regulate IL-8 levels after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. This study investigates the transmission pattern of the IL8 rs4073 risk allele A and its association with susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in families and in a case-control cohort of unrelated individuals from a Brazilian population. DESIGN Genotyping was performed by standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP) in 13 nuclear families and 184 unrelated subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) for the family dataset and Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression modelling for the case-control dataset. RESULTS TDT analyses did not detect evidence of over transmission of IL8 rs4073 alleles in affected and unaffected family members (allele T: 52%; allele A: 48%; p=0.2252). How expected, analyses of cases and unrelated controls showed a significant and inverse association of age with AgP; however, a lack of association between genotypes, ethnic groups and generalized AgP was observed. CONCLUSIONS The SNP (rs4073) was not associated with AgP in unrelated individuals and there is no evidence of over transmission of the alleles in families with AgP, from Brazilian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Carleto Andia
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Zaffalon Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Roberto Peres Line
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Catarino S, Bento CF, Brito A, Murteira E, Fernandes AF, Pereira P. Regulation of the expression of interleukin-8 induced by 25-hydroxycholesterol in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:e255-63. [PMID: 22313893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of IL-8 production by several oxysterols in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. METHODS A human cell line from RPE (ARPE-19) was used to test the role of cholesterol and several oxysterols (25-OH, 7-KC and 7β-OH) in the expression and secretion of IL-8. Expression of IL-8 was assessed by real-time PCR, while IL-8 secretion was evaluated by ELISA. PI3K-, MEK1/2-, ERK1/2- and NF-κB-specific inhibitors were used to assess the specific role of the several players on the regulation of IL-8 production by oxysterols. A gene-reporter assay for AP-1 activity was also conducted to evaluate the putative role of this transcription factor on IL-8 expression induced by oxysterols. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that 25-OH specifically increases transcription and secretion of the cytokine IL-8 in ARPE-19 cells. Indeed, treatment of ARPE-19 with 25-OH, but not with 7-KC, 7β-OH or cholesterol, induced the secretion of IL-8 from cells. 25-OH also induced the activation/phosphorylation of ERK1/2 through a mechanism dependent on MEK, ERK1/2 and PI3K kinase activity. Real-time PCR and ELISA experiments demonstrated that 25-OH increased transcription and secretion of IL-8 through a mechanism that is dependent on ERK1/2 and PI3K activity. Furthermore, 25-OH triggered the activation/phosphorylation of the AP-1 component c-Jun and, consistently, increased the transcriptional activity of AP-1. Additionally, we also found that 25-OH decreases the levels of IκB and increases the nuclear levels of NF-κB p65 subunit and that inhibition of NF-κB activity partially prevents the increased secretion of IL-8 induced by 25-OH. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this study suggest a role for 25-OH in inducing IL-8 production through pathways that are likely to involve AP-1 and NF-κB in ARPE-19 cells. Our data may also provide new molecular targets for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Catarino
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (COCV), IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Association of IL-4 gene polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration in Taiwanese adults. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjo.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Liu S, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ma X. Lack of association of -251T/A polymorphism in interleukin 8 gene with susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder in Chinese Han population. Cytokine 2012; 59:209-10. [PMID: 22609211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Miao H, Tao Y, Li XX. Inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with choroidal neovascularization. Mol Vis 2012; 18:574-80. [PMID: 22419849 PMCID: PMC3298419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations between aqueous concentrations of interleukin 1β, 6, 8, 10, 12p (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the parameters of macular edema acquired by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with choroidal neovascularization. METHODS IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p, and TNF-α in the aqueous humor samples of 17 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ten patients with pathological myopia (PM), seven patients with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and 14 patients with cataract and idiopathic epiretinal membrane or macular hole in the control group were measured with cytometric bead array. The maximum macular thickness and macular volume within 1 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm were measured with OCT. RESULTS In the CNV groups, the aqueous levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly associated with macular volume within 6 mm (p=0.011, p=0.008, respectively), while IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12p, and TNF-α showed no significant correlation with either the maximum macular thickness or the macular volume. By further selecting patients with CNV who had accepted their last intravitreal injection of bevacizumab within 3 months, the level of IL-6 still significantly correlated with the maximum macular thickness (p=0.019) and macular volume within 1 mm (p=0.018), 3 mm (p=0.018), and 6 mm (p=0.022). In patients with exudative AMD, the level of IL-6 was significantly associated with the maximum macular thickness (p=0.025) and macular volume within 1 mm (p=0.025), 3 mm (p=0.006), and 6 mm (p=0.002). The aqueous level of all cytokines did not vary significantly between the CNV patients who had accepted their last intravitreal injection of bevacizumab within 3 months and the other patients, nor was a difference found among patients with exudative AMD, PM, and idiopathic CNV, and the control group. CONCLUSIONS Intraocular concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 (particularly IL-6) are significantly associated with the volume of macular edema in patients with CNV. However, intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs did not change the intraocular level of these inflammation cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-xin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Newman AM, Gallo NB, Hancox LS, Miller NJ, Radeke CM, Maloney MA, Cooper JB, Hageman GS, Anderson DH, Johnson LV, Radeke MJ. Systems-level analysis of age-related macular degeneration reveals global biomarkers and phenotype-specific functional networks. Genome Med 2012; 4:16. [PMID: 22364233 PMCID: PMC3372225 DOI: 10.1186/gm315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Please see related commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/10/21/abstract BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness that affects the central region of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), choroid, and neural retina. Initially characterized by an accumulation of sub-RPE deposits, AMD leads to progressive retinal degeneration, and in advanced cases, irreversible vision loss. Although genetic analysis, animal models, and cell culture systems have yielded important insights into AMD, the molecular pathways underlying AMD's onset and progression remain poorly delineated. We sought to better understand the molecular underpinnings of this devastating disease by performing the first comparative transcriptome analysis of AMD and normal human donor eyes. METHODS RPE-choroid and retina tissue samples were obtained from a common cohort of 31 normal, 26 AMD, and 11 potential pre-AMD human donor eyes. Transcriptome profiles were generated for macular and extramacular regions, and statistical and bioinformatic methods were employed to identify disease-associated gene signatures and functionally enriched protein association networks. Selected genes of high significance were validated using an independent donor cohort. RESULTS We identified over 50 annotated genes enriched in cell-mediated immune responses that are globally over-expressed in RPE-choroid AMD phenotypes. Using a machine learning model and a second donor cohort, we show that the top 20 global genes are predictive of AMD clinical diagnosis. We also discovered functionally enriched gene sets in the RPE-choroid that delineate the advanced AMD phenotypes, neovascular AMD and geographic atrophy. Moreover, we identified a graded increase of transcript levels in the retina related to wound response, complement cascade, and neurogenesis that strongly correlates with decreased levels of phototransduction transcripts and increased AMD severity. Based on our findings, we assembled protein-protein interactomes that highlight functional networks likely to be involved in AMD pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We discovered new global biomarkers and gene expression signatures of AMD. These results are consistent with a model whereby cell-based inflammatory responses represent a central feature of AMD etiology, and depending on genetics, environment, or stochastic factors, may give rise to the advanced AMD phenotypes characterized by angiogenesis and/or cell death. Genes regulating these immunological activities, along with numerous other genes identified here, represent promising new targets for AMD-directed therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Newman
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute,
Biological Sciences 2 Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-5060, USA
- Current address: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305,
USA
| | - Natasha B Gallo
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute,
Biological Sciences 2 Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-5060, USA
| | - Lisa S Hancox
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins
Drive Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
| | - Norma J Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center,
University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-5230,
USA
| | - Carolyn M Radeke
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute,
Biological Sciences 2 Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-5060, USA
| | - Michelle A Maloney
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute,
Biological Sciences 2 Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-5060, USA
| | - James B Cooper
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Life Sciences Building,
University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610, USA
| | - Gregory S Hageman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center,
University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-5230,
USA
| | - Don H Anderson
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute,
Biological Sciences 2 Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-5060, USA
| | - Lincoln V Johnson
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute,
Biological Sciences 2 Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-5060, USA
| | - Monte J Radeke
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute,
Biological Sciences 2 Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-5060, USA
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Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, Faghihzadeh S, Hassan ZM. Roles of IL-8 in Ocular Inflammations: A Review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2011; 19:401-12. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2011.618902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Qin S, Ni M, Wang X, Maurier-Mahé F, Shurland DL, Rodrigues GA. Inhibition of RPE cell sterile inflammatory responses and endotoxin-induced uveitis by a cell-impermeable HSP90 inhibitor. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:889-97. [PMID: 22019372 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dying cells release pro-inflammatory molecules, functioning as cytokines to trigger cell/tissue inflammation that is relevant to disease pathology. Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is believed to act as a danger signal for tissue damage once released extracellularly. Potential roles of HSP90 were explored in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) inflammatory responses to necrosis. Cellular extracts can trigger ARPE-19 cell inflammatory responses, producing cytokines that lead to an increase in ARPE-19 cell monolayer permeability. Addition of recombinant HSP90β mimics the induction of chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 in cultured RPE cells, suggesting that released HSP90 can incite RPE cell sterile inflammatory responses. Consistent with this, classical HSP90 inhibitors were shown to substantially reduce necrosis-induced cytokine production and permeability increases in ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, a cell-impermeable inhibitor, 17-N,N-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin-N-oxide, also efficiently inhibited necrosis-induced cytokine production and TNF-α/IL-1β-induced increase in ARPE-19 cell permeability in vitro and endotoxin-induced development of uveitis in vivo, suggesting that HSP90 can contribute to necrosis-induced RPE inflammatory responses. Collectively, our data identify HSP90 as a pro-inflammatory molecule in RPE cell sterile inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suofu Qin
- Retinal Disease Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
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Weismann D, Hartvigsen K, Lauer N, Bennett KL, Scholl HPN, Charbel Issa P, Cano M, Brandstätter H, Tsimikas S, Skerka C, Superti-Furga G, Handa JT, Zipfel PF, Witztum JL, Binder CJ. Complement factor H binds malondialdehyde epitopes and protects from oxidative stress. Nature 2011; 478:76-81. [PMID: 21979047 DOI: 10.1038/nature10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation are linked to many chronic inflammatory diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of blindness in Western societies, but its aetiology remains largely unknown. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a common lipid peroxidation product that accumulates in many pathophysiological processes, including AMD. Here we identify complement factor H (CFH) as a major MDA-binding protein that can block both the uptake of MDA-modified proteins by macrophages and MDA-induced proinflammatory effects in vivo in mice. The CFH polymorphism H402, which is strongly associated with AMD, markedly reduces the ability of CFH to bind MDA, indicating a causal link to disease aetiology. Our findings provide important mechanistic insights into innate immune responses to oxidative stress, which may be exploited in the prevention of and therapy for AMD and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weismann
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, Pourfarzam S, Soroush MR, Faghihzadeh S, Babaei M, Naghizadeh MM, Mohammad Hassan Z. Evaluation of the tear and serum levels of IL-8 in sulfur mustard intoxicated patients 20 years after exposure. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2011; 31:132-7. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2011.618940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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