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Weeks DE, Conley YP, Tsai HJ, Mah TS, Schmidt S, Postel EA, Agarwal A, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Rosenfeld PJ, Paul TO, Eller AW, Morse LS, Dailey JP, Ferrell RE, Gorin MB. Age-related maculopathy: a genomewide scan with continued evidence of susceptibility loci within the 1q31, 10q26, and 17q25 regions. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:174-89. [PMID: 15168325 PMCID: PMC1216053 DOI: 10.1086/422476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related maculopathy (ARM), or age-related macular degeneration, is one of the most common causes of visual impairment in the elderly population of developed nations. In a combined analysis of two previous genomewide scans that included 391 families, containing up to 452 affected sib pairs, we found linkage evidence in four regions: 1q31, 9p13, 10q26, and 17q25. We now have added a third set of families and have performed an integrated analysis incorporating 530 families and up to 736 affected sib pairs. Under three diagnostic models, we have conducted linkage analyses using parametric (heterogeneity LOD [HLOD] scores under an autosomal dominant model) and nonparametric (Sall statistic) methods. There is ongoing evidence of susceptibility loci within the 1q31, 10q26, and 17q25 regions. If we treat the third set of families as a replication set, then two regions (10q26 and 17q25) are replicated, with LOD scores >1.0. If we pool all our data together, then four regions (1q31, 2q14.3, 10q26, and 17q25) show HLOD or Sall scores > or =2.0. Within the 1q31 region, we observed an HLOD of 2.72 (genomewide P=.061) under our least stringent diagnostic model, whereas the 17q25 region contained a maximal HLOD of 3.53 (genomewide P=.007) under our intermediate diagnostic model. We have evaluated our results with respect to the findings from several new independent genomewide linkage studies and also have completed ordered subset analyses (OSAs) with apolipoprotein E alleles, smoking history, and age at onset as stratifying covariates. The OSAs generate the interesting hypothesis that the effect of smoking on the risk of ARM is accentuated by a gene in the 10q26 region--a region implicated by four other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Weeks
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Tammy S. Mah
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Eric A. Postel
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Anita Agarwal
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Philip J. Rosenfeld
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - T. Otis Paul
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Andrew W. Eller
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Lawrence S. Morse
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - J. P. Dailey
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Robert E. Ferrell
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Michael B. Gorin
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA; and Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
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