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Yang X, Zhao Z, Wang C, Wang W, Zhang L. Four mutations identified in Chinese families with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts by next-generation sequencing. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:917-925. [PMID: 38869770 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cataracts, which can arise due to a combination of factors like environmental influences and genetic predisposition, significantly impact children's visual health globally. The occurrence rate of congenital cataracts varies from 0. 63 to 9.74 per 10,000 births. There are 7.4 instances per 10,000 children, with the highest occurrence seen in Asia. Symptoms of the disease include clouding of the lens and visual impairment. Timely identification of the condition plays a crucial role in the management and outlook of pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE This investigation aimed to discover causative mutations in four separate Chinese family lineages. METHODS The detailed clinical data and family history of four Chinese families with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts were carefully documented. Examination of the Whole Exome Sequencing was utilized to identify the genetic anomalies present in the familial cases. Subsequent validation of the identified mutations was carried out using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Following this, various computational predictive programs were utilized to evaluate how the mutations impact the structure and function of the protein. RESULTS The sequencing results reveal four potential disease-causing mutations: c.436G > A (p.V146M) of CRYBB2 Family 1, c.26G > T (p.R9I) of GJA3 in family 2, c.227G > A (p.R76H) of GJA8 in family 3, c.-168G > T of FTL in family 4. Among them, the causative mutation in Family GJA3 is novel, and Family FTL is a rare cataract syndrome. These familial mutations showed complete co-segregation with the affected individuals, with no presence in unaffected family members or the 100 controls. Several bioinformatic prediction tools also support the likely pathogenicity of these mutations. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of genes associated with congenital cataracts and provide clues to the pathogenesis of congenital cataracts. These data also demonstrate the importance of NGS technology for the molecular diagnosis of congenital cataract patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Albaqami FM, Alotaibi MA, Alrabie WK, Albaqami MM, Alfadli FM, Alobaylan HA, Althbaiti MA, Alosaimi AS, Alharthi F, Althomali TA. The Effects of Cataract Surgery on Children's Vision: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S67-S71. [PMID: 38595431 PMCID: PMC11000933 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_995_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Five-fifths of all incidents of blindness in Saudi Arabia may be attributed to cataracts. Cataracts are the second major cause of blindness, responsible for 35.5% of cases. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to measure the visual acuity improvement after cataract surgery in children. Materials and Methods This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. All procedures followed the recommendations of the Cochrane handbook. Studies of varying study designs, both published and unpublished, are included. Retrospective studies with outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery were identified from various databases. Result After an initial screening, 108 out of 167 items were deemed unsuitable for publication. There were 59 full-text papers assessed for inclusion, and only seven matched the criteria. All the articles included were of a very high standard. Both the duration of therapy and the target population varied widely between the studies. Conclusion The results indicated that the majority of childhood cataracts are hereditary. Primary posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy combined with cataract extraction and intra-ocular lens implantation is the treatment of choice for pediatric cataracts. It is recommended that surgery be performed in a properly equipped facility staffed by trained, cooperative personnel and that different procedures be used to enhance post-operative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad M. Albaqami
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath A. Alotaibi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed K. Alrabie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M. Albaqami
- General Physician, Critcal Care Department, Ministry of Defence, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M. Alfadli
- Department of Emergency, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamoud A. Alobaylan
- Department of Emergency, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed S. Alosaimi
- Department of Emergency, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alharthi
- General Physician, Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Defence, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal A. Althomali
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Rodríguez-Solana P, Arruti N, Nieves-Moreno M, Mena R, Rodríguez-Jiménez C, Guerrero-Carretero M, Acal JC, Blasco J, Peralta JM, Del Pozo Á, Montaño VEF, Dios-Blázquez LD, Fernández-Alcalde C, González-Atienza C, Sánchez-Cazorla E, Gómez-Cano MDLÁ, Delgado-Mora L, Noval S, Vallespín E. Whole Exome Sequencing of 20 Spanish Families: Candidate Genes for Non-Syndromic Pediatric Cataracts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11429. [PMID: 37511188 PMCID: PMC10380485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic pediatric cataracts are defined as opacification of the crystalline lens that occurs during the first years of life without affecting other organs. Given that this disease is one of the most frequent causes of reversible blindness in childhood, the main objective of this study was to propose new responsible gene candidates that would allow a more targeted genetic approach and expand our genetic knowledge about the disease. We present a whole exome sequencing (WES) study of 20 Spanish families with non-syndromic pediatric cataracts and a previous negative result on an ophthalmology next-generation sequencing panel. After ophthalmological evaluation and collection of peripheral blood samples from these families, WES was performed. We were able to reach a genetic diagnosis in 10% of the families analyzed and found genes that could cause pediatric cataracts in 35% of the cohort. Of the variants found, 18.2% were classified as pathogenic, 9% as likely pathogenic, and 72.8% as variants of uncertain significance. However, we did not find conclusive results in 55% of the families studied, which suggests further studies are needed. The results of this WES study allow us to propose LONP1, ACACA, TRPM1, CLIC5, HSPE1, ODF1, PIKFYVE, and CHMP4A as potential candidates to further investigate for their role in pediatric cataracts, and AQP5 and locus 2q37 as causal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Mena
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.D.P.); (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Marta Guerrero-Carretero
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
| | - Juan Carlos Acal
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
| | - Joana Blasco
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
| | - Jesús M. Peralta
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
| | - Ángela Del Pozo
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.D.P.); (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, CIBERER, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.D.P.); (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Lucía De Dios-Blázquez
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, CIBERER, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Celia Fernández-Alcalde
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
| | - Carmen González-Atienza
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Eloísa Sánchez-Cazorla
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - María de Los Ángeles Gómez-Cano
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.D.P.); (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
- Clinical Genetics Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, CIBERER, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luna Delgado-Mora
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.D.P.); (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
- Clinical Genetics Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, CIBERER, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-C.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (J.M.P.); (C.F.-A.); (S.N.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-S.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (V.E.F.M.); (C.G.-A.); (E.S.-C.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.D.P.); (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
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A novel missense variant c.71G > T (p.Gly24Val) of the CRYBA4 gene contributes to autosomal-dominant congenital cataract in a Chinese family. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:43-50. [PMID: 35840783 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential genetic defects in a five-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC). METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed to search the variants in the candidate genes associated with congenital cataract. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the variants and examine their co-segregation in the patients and their relatives. The potential effect of the variants was analyzed using several bioinformatic methods and further examined through Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS A missense variant c. 71 G > T (p. Gly24Val) in the CRYBA4 gene, a known ADCC candidate gene, was identified to be heterozygously present in the patients and co-segregate with cataract in the family. The mutation was absent in all of the searched databases, including our in-house exome sequences of 10,000 Chinese. The alignments of the amino acid sequences of CRYBA4 in a variety of species revealed that the amino acid residue Gly24 was evolutionarily highly conserved, and the in silico analysis predicted that the missense mutation of Gly24Val was damaging for the protein structure and function of CRYBA4. Then, the in vitro expression analysis further revealed that the Gly24Val mutation in CRYBA4 inhibited its binding with CRYBB1. The impaired interaction of β-crystallin proteins may affect their water-solubility and contribute to the formation of precipitates in lens fiber cells. CONCLUSION We identified a novel missense variant in the CRYBA4 gene as a pathogenic mutation of ADCC in a Chinese family. Our finding expanded the CRYBA4 variation spectrum associated with congenital cataracts.
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Jiao X, Viswanathan M, Bobrova NF, Romanova TV, Hejtmancik JF. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Ukrainian Families with Congenital Cataracts. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:51. [PMID: 36670602 PMCID: PMC9856374 DOI: 10.3390/children10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the pathogenic variants in five Ukrainian families with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. Cataracts can be defined broadly as any opacity of the crystalline lens. Lens development is orchestrated by transcription factors. Disease-causing variants in transcription factors and their developmental target genes, including the lens crystallins, are associated with congenital cataracts and other eye diseases. Whole-exome sequencing identified heterozygous disease-causing variants in five Ukrainian families with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts and cosegregation with cataracts was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Family 97001 showed a missense variant (c.341T>A: p.L114Q) in HSF4; family 97003 showed a missense variant (c.53A>T: p.N18I) in CRYGA; family 97004 showed a missense variant (c. 82G>A: p.V28M) in GJA3; family 97006 showed a missense variant (c.83C>T: p. P28L) in CRYGC; and family 97008 showed a single-base insertion resulting in a frameshift (c.443_444insA: p. Met148IfsTer51) in PAX6. All five families are associated with congenital cataracts. Overall, we report four novel mutations in HSF4, CRYGA, CRYGC and PAX6, and one previously reported mutation in GJA3 that cause autosomal dominant congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariia Viswanathan
- Vision Care Readiness Section, Vision Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency Research and Engineering, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Nadiia Fedorivna Bobrova
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmic Pathology, State Institution “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of The National Academy of Medical Sciences of Odessa, Ukraine”, 65000 Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana Viktorivna Romanova
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmic Pathology, State Institution “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of The National Academy of Medical Sciences of Odessa, Ukraine”, 65000 Odessa, Ukraine
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kabylbekova A, Meirmanov S, Aringazina A, Orazbekov L, Auyezova A. Clinical characteristics of congenital and developmental cataract in Kazakhstan. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:4325-4330. [PMID: 36453339 PMCID: PMC9940559 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_939_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study and describe clinical characteristics of congenital and developmental cataract at a tertiary eye care facility. Methods In this retrospective study, 942 children (1311 eyes) presenting with congenital/developmental cataract over a 10-year study period were included. Gender, age at surgery, main presenting complaint, morphologic type of cataract, laterality, family history, and associated findings were recorded. Results The overall proportion of boys and girls undergoing cataract surgery was approximately equal (P = 0.110). However, in the cases of bilateral cataract, the proportion of boys was larger than girls (P = 0.028). More than half (62.3%) of the patients underwent surgery at the age of >3 years. The main presenting complaint was white pupils, accounting for 48.1% of cases. Total cataract was the most common morphologic type in all age groups. In total, 133 children out of 942 (14.1%) had a positive family history of congenital/developmental cataract. Strabismus and nystagmus were seen in 27.2% and 19.3% of the eyes, respectively. Additional ocular dysmorphology was found in 97 (10.3%) of patients. Coexisting systemic disease was found in 149 (15.8%) cases. Among syndrome-associated cataracts, Down syndrome accounted for the majority of cases. Conclusion High prevalence of total cataracts as well as frequent association with strabismus and nystagmus are likely to be the consequences of delayed presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Kabylbekova
- Department of Population Health and Social Science, Kazakhstan’s Medical University, “KSPH”, Almaty, Kazakhstan,Correspondence to: Dr. Aliya Kabylbekova, Department of Population Health and Social Science, Kazakhstan’s Medical University “KSPH”, Almaty, Utepov St, 19 a, 050060, Kazakhstan. E-mail:
| | - Serik Meirmanov
- College of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu City, Japan
| | - Altyn Aringazina
- Office of Innovation Programs, Almaty Management University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Lukpan Orazbekov
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Kazakh Eye Research Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ardak Auyezova
- Department of Population Health and Social Science, Kazakhstan’s Medical University, “KSPH”, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Qin Y, Zhong X, Wen H, Zeng Q, Liao Y, Luo D, Liang M, Tang Y, Guo J, Cao H, Yang S, Tian X, Luo G, Li S. Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Cataract: Sonographic Features and Perinatal Outcome in 41 Cases. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2022; 43:e125-e134. [PMID: 33728625 DOI: 10.1055/a-1320-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prenatal ultrasonographic characteristics and perinatal outcomes of congenital cataract. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed congenital cataract diagnosed prenatally at four referral centers between August 2004 and February 2019. The diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal ophthalmologic evaluation of liveborn infants or autopsy for terminated cases. Maternal demographics, genetic testing results, prenatal ultrasound images, and perinatal outcomes were abstracted. RESULTS Total of 41 cases of congenital cataract diagnosed prenatally among 788 751 women undergoing anatomic survey. Based on the sonographic characteristics, 16/41 (39.0 %) had a dense echogenic structure, 15/41 (36.6 %) had a hyperechogenic spot and 10/41 (24.4 %) had the "double ring" sign. 17/41 (41.5 %) were isolated, and 24/41 (58.5 %) had associated intraocular and extraocular findings. Microphthalmia, cardiac abnormalities, and central nervous system abnormalities were the most common associated abnormalities. Regarding potential etiology, 6 cases had a known family history of congenital cataract, 4 cases had confirmed congenital rubella infection, and 2 cases had aneuploidy. 31/41 (75.6 %) elected termination and 10/41 (24.4 %) elected to continue their pregnancy. Among the 10 cases, one case died, one case was lost to follow-up, and the remaining 8 cases were referred for ophthalmologist follow-up and postnatal surgery. CONCLUSION Once fetal cataracts are detected, a detailed fetal anatomy survey to rule out associated abnormalities and a workup to identify the potential etiology are recommended. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cataracts provides vital information for counseling and subsequent management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xiamen Maternal&Child HealthCare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxuan Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yimei Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiling Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiaju Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Renai Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongrui Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Cangxian Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shuihua Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guoyang Luo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, United States
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Unilateral cataract and congenital stationary night blindness in a child with novel variants in TRPM1. J AAPOS 2022; 26:202-205. [PMID: 35872165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral cataract can cause pediatric vision impairment. Although the majority of unilateral cataracts are idiopathic in nature, genetic causes have been reported. We present the case of a 4-week-old child of nonconsanguineous parents who was affected with unilateral cataract. Whole-genome sequencing using DNA extracted from blood and the lens epithelial cells following cataract surgery revealed two presumed pathogenic variants in the TRPM1 gene, the founding member of the melanoma-related transient receptor potential (TRPM) subfamily. TRPM1 is responsible for regulating cation influx to hyperpolarized retinal ON bipolar cells, and mutations in this gene are a major cause of autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB). Electroretinography revealed findings consistent with CSNB, a phenotype that was not initially suspected, and which would likely have been missed without genome sequencing. It remains unclear whether the TRPM1 variants are associated with the cataract phenotype.
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Jones JL, McComish BJ, Staffieri SE, Souzeau E, Kearns LS, Elder JE, Charlesworth JC, Mackey DA, Ruddle JB, Taranath D, Pater J, Casey T, Craig JE, Burdon KP. Pathogenic genetic variants identified in Australian families with paediatric cataract. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:bmjophth-2022-001064. [PMID: 36161833 PMCID: PMC9422809 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Paediatric (childhood or congenital) cataract is an opacification of the normally clear lens of the eye and has a genetic basis in at least 18% of cases in Australia. This study aimed to replicate clinical gene screening to identify variants likely to be causative of disease in an Australian patient cohort. Methods and analysis Sixty-three reported isolated cataract genes were screened for rare coding variants in 37 Australian families using genome sequencing. Results Disease-causing variants were confirmed in eight families with variant classification as ‘likely pathogenic’. This included novel variants PITX3 p.(Ter303LeuextTer100), BFSP1 p.(Glu375GlyfsTer2), and GJA8 p.(Pro189Ser), as well as, previously described variants identified in genes GJA3, GJA8, CRYAA, BFSP1, PITX3, COL4A1 and HSF4. Additionally, eight variants of uncertain significance with evidence towards pathogenicity were identified in genes: GJA3, GJA8, LEMD2, PRX, CRYBB1, BFSP2, and MIP. Conclusion These findings expand the genotype–phenotype correlations of both pathogenic and benign variation in cataract-associated genes. They further emphasise the need to develop additional evidence such as functional assays and variant classification criteria specific to paediatric cataract genes to improve interpretation of variants and molecular diagnosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bennet J McComish
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa S Kearns
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jac C Charlesworth
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Ruddle
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deepa Taranath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Pater
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Theresa Casey
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Sand MK, Cholidis S, Kristianslund O, Drolsum L. Primary intraocular lens implantation in infants with unilateral congenital cataract operated before 12 weeks of age. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:526-533. [PMID: 35411695 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to report visual outcome and safety after cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens implantation before 12 weeks of age. METHODS Infants with visually significant unilateral congenital cataract having primary IOL implantation in the capsular bag before 12 weeks of age in 2007-2016 were enrolled for a prospective study examination in 2017. The medical records were also reviewed. RESULTS In total, 23 patients with a median age at cataract surgery of 32 days (range, 12-75 days) were included. Seventeen (74%) eyes had persistent foetal vasculature (PFV). After a median follow-up of 6.3 years (range, 1.4-10.9 years), the corrected distance visual acuity was 0.8 logMAR (range, 3.0-0.1 logMAR). All, except one eye, required surgery for visual axis opacification (VAO), with a median of two (range 0-5) additional surgical procedures. Four (17%) eyes developed secondary glaucoma. CONCLUSION Cataract surgery with primary IOL implantation before 12 weeks of age resulted in a high number of VAO operations, and the visual outcome varied considerably, showing the range in outcome for this challenging patient group. Co-existent PFV in these young patients was common. The incidence of secondary glaucoma was similar to other studies, despite the young age at surgery, high percentage of PFV and number of surgical procedures for VAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kathrine Sand
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Symira Cholidis
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Olav Kristianslund
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Liv Drolsum
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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11
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Nalbandyan M, Howley MM, Cunniff CM, Leckman-Westin E, Browne ML. Descriptive and risk factor analysis of infantile cataracts: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 2000-2011. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:509-521. [PMID: 34687277 PMCID: PMC9969683 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) data, we sought to estimate birth prevalence, describe clinical characteristics, and examine risk factors for infantile cataracts. We calculated birth prevalence using the numbers of NBDPS-eligible cataract cases and live births in the study area. We described case infants by the presence of associated ipsilateral eye defects (IEDs) and non-eye-related major birth defects. Using maternal exposure information collected via telephone interview, we conducted logistic regression analyses among the interviewed cases and controls. Birth prevalence of infantile cataracts was 1.07/10,000 live births. Unilateral cataracts were more often associated with IEDs, while infants with bilateral cataracts were more often preterm, full-term with low birth weight, or had non-eye-related major birth defects. Unilateral cataracts were positively associated with maternal nulliparity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18, 2.20; reference: multiparity), whereas bilateral cataracts were positively associated with maternal education <12 years (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.82; reference: education >12 years), and foreign-born nativity (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.04, 3.52; reference: U.S.-born nativity). The current analysis can inform future epidemiological studies aimed at identifying mechanisms underlying the associations between infantile cataracts and complex maternal exposures, such as lower levels of education and foreign-born nativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Nalbandyan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of
Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Meredith M. Howley
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of
Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Emily Leckman-Westin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of
Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA,New York State Office of Mental Health, Albany, New York,
USA
| | - Marilyn L. Browne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of
Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA,Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of
Health, Albany, New York, USA
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12
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Hassan AY, Yousaf S, Levin MR, Saeedi OJ, Riazuddin S, Alexander JL, Ahmed ZM. Novel Homozygous Missense Variant in GJA3 Connexin Domain Causing Congenital Nuclear and Cortical Cataracts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:240. [PMID: 35008666 PMCID: PMC8745576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataracts (CC) are responsible for approximately one-tenth of childhood blindness cases globally. Here, we report an African American family with a recessively inherited form of CC. The proband demonstrated decreased visual acuity and bilateral cataracts, with nuclear and cortical cataracts in the right and left eye, respectively. Exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant (c.563A > G; p.(Asn188Ser)) in GJA3, which was predicted to be pathogenic by structural analysis. Dominantly inherited variants in GJA3 are known to cause numerous types of cataracts in various populations. Our study represents the second case of recessive GJA3 allele, and the first report in African Americans. These results validate GJA3 as a bona fide gene for recessively inherited CC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Y. Hassan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.Y.H.); (S.Y.); (S.R.)
| | - Sairah Yousaf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.Y.H.); (S.Y.); (S.R.)
| | - Moran R. Levin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.R.L.); (O.J.S.)
| | - Osamah J. Saeedi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.R.L.); (O.J.S.)
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.Y.H.); (S.Y.); (S.R.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Janet L. Alexander
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.R.L.); (O.J.S.)
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.Y.H.); (S.Y.); (S.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.R.L.); (O.J.S.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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13
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Takou Tsapmene V, Nanfack Ngoune C, Abdouramani O, Omgbwa Eballe A, Bella Assumpta L. [Pediatric cataract: Epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic features at the Yaounde gyneco-obstetrics and pediatric hospital]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1589-1595. [PMID: 34561092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of blind children in the world is approximately 1.5 million, a large proportion of which is attributable to congenital cataracts. Our goal is to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of childhood cataracts at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH). MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective, descriptive study of cataracts diagnosed in children under 16 years of age from January 2010 to December 2017. Variables analyzed were age, sex, reason for consultation, laterality and duration of symptoms, type of cataract and treatment administered. RESULTS We collected 82 patient records. The sex ratio was 1.56. The most frequent age group was 0-4 years at 42.5% (34), and the mean age was 6.6 years (1 day-15 years). The main reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity in 46.3% (37) and leukocoria in 37.5% (30). Cataracts were unilateral in 72% (59) of the cases. The most common onset of the cataracts was congenital (40.8%) (31), and traumatic cataracts accounted for 27.6% (21). Mature white cataracts accounted for 39% (32), predominantly congenital etiologies in 41.5% (34). Cataract surgery was performed in 33 eyes. Small incision cataract surgery was the most common technique at 51.5% (17). CONCLUSION Pediatric cataracts are relatively rare. Identification of risk factors may help decrease their incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Takou Tsapmene
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 337, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
| | - C Nanfack Ngoune
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, B.P.:4362, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - O Abdouramani
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, B.P.:4362, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - A Omgbwa Eballe
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 337, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de district de Biyem-assis, quartier Biyem-assi, Yaoundé 6, Cameroun
| | - L Bella Assumpta
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 337, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, B.P.:4362, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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14
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De Lima S, Kugelberg M, Jirwe M. Swedish Parents' Experiences and Their Need for Support When Having a Child with Congenital Cataract: A Qualitative Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60:109-115. [PMID: 33930621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore parents' experiences of living with a child with congenital cataract, with the intention of identifying how to improve the parental support. DESIGN AND METHOD A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. The parents were interviewed when the children were aged 12-24 months. All children were operated on for congenital cataract before three months of age. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Findings were reported following the Standard for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. RESULTS Three categories emerged from the data: trying to survive during a chaotic time; adapting to a different normal; being in need of support. When receiving the preliminary diagnosis, most of the parents were upset but managed well once the initial shock had subsided. However, some described feelings of despair, difficulties in accepting the situation and in connecting with the child. All parents stated that, to be valuable, a counsellor needed to have insights in how the eye works and the function of visual development. CONCLUSION The parents' need for psychosocial support in the early post-diagnostic stage varied greatly. Early identification of those in need of specialized counselling is therefore of importance, preferably at the maternity ward or by the regional ophthalmologist when the referral is made. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The study provides understanding of the importance to take the parents' well-being beyond the medical issues into consideration. This knowledge can be used to provide support at an earlier stage in the treatment programme than is currently the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Lima
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Maria Kugelberg
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Maria Jirwe
- Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, Sweden.
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15
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Prominent and Regressive Brain Developmental Disorders Associated with Nance-Horan Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091150. [PMID: 34573171 PMCID: PMC8465299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked developmental disorder caused mainly by loss of function variants in the NHS gene. NHS is characterized by congenital cataracts, dental anomalies, and distinctive facial features, and a proportion of the affected individuals also present intellectual disability and congenital cardiopathies. Despite identification of at least 40 distinct hemizygous variants leading to NHS, genotype-phenotype correlations remain largely elusive. In this study, we describe a Sicilian family affected with congenital cataracts and dental anomalies and diagnosed with NHS by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The affected boy from this family presented a late regression of cognitive, motor, language, and adaptive skills, as well as broad behavioral anomalies. Furthermore, brain imaging showed corpus callosum anomalies and periventricular leukoencephalopathy. We expand the phenotypic and mutational NHS spectrum and review potential disease mechanisms underlying the central neurological anomalies and the potential neurodevelopmental features associated with NHS.
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16
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Jones JL, Corbett MA, Yeaman E, Zhao D, Gecz J, Gasperini RJ, Charlesworth JC, Mackey DA, Elder JE, Craig JE, Burdon KP. A 127 kb truncating deletion of PGRMC1 is a novel cause of X-linked isolated paediatric cataract. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1206-1215. [PMID: 33867527 PMCID: PMC8385038 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited paediatric cataract is a rare Mendelian disease that results in visual impairment or blindness due to a clouding of the eye's crystalline lens. Here we report an Australian family with isolated paediatric cataract, which we had previously mapped to Xq24. Linkage at Xq24-25 (LOD = 2.53) was confirmed, and the region refined with a denser marker map. In addition, two autosomal regions with suggestive evidence of linkage were observed. A segregating 127 kb deletion (chrX:g.118373226_118500408del) in the Xq24-25 linkage region was identified from whole-genome sequencing data. This deletion completely removed a commonly deleted long non-coding RNA gene LOC101928336 and truncated the protein coding progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) gene following exon 1. A literature search revealed a report of two unrelated males with non-syndromic intellectual disability, as well as congenital cataract, who had contiguous gene deletions that accounted for their intellectual disability but also disrupted the PGRMC1 gene. A morpholino-induced pgrmc1 knockdown in a zebrafish model produced significant cataract formation, supporting a role for PGRMC1 in lens development and cataract formation. We hypothesise that the loss of PGRMC1 causes cataract through disrupted PGRMC1-CYP51A1 protein-protein interactions and altered cholesterol biosynthesis. The cause of paediatric cataract in this family is the truncating deletion of PGRMC1, which we report as a novel cataract gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Jones
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Mark A. Corbett
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Elise Yeaman
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Duran Zhao
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Robert J. Gasperini
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XSchool of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Jac C. Charlesworth
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- grid.1489.40000 0000 8737 8161Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA Australia
| | - James E. Elder
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA Australia
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA Australia
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17
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Aprahamian R, Yammine T, Salem N, Souaid M, Mansour H, Farra C. Identification of a novel nonsense variant in FYCO1 gene associated with infantile cataract and cortical atrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:744-746. [PMID: 34282983 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1955277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cataract is a major condition characterized by ocular lens opacification, resulting from alteration in the lens architecture, lens proteins or both. It is responsible for about one-third of infants' blindness worldwide. Variants in the FYCO1 gene have been associated with autosomal recessive infantile cataract. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) in a nine months old male patient who was referred for genetic investigation because of infantile cataract. WES analysis revealed the presence of a homozygous pathogenic variant (c.2365C>T) in exon 8 of the FYCO1 gene. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This is the first report on a Lebanese infant with infantile cataract and cortical atrophy which was not previously reported, resulting from a novel homozygous FYCO1 variant; thus expanding the clinical phenotypic spectrum of FYCO1 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Yammine
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - N Salem
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M Souaid
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Mansour
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Farra
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Medical Genetics Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
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18
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Li X, Si N, Song Z, Ren Y, Xiao W. Clinical and genetic findings in patients with congenital cataract and heart diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:242. [PMID: 34059112 PMCID: PMC8165991 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital cataract (CC) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are significant birth defects. In clinical practice, the concurrence of CC and CHD is frequently observed in patients. Additionally, some monogenic diseases, copy number variation (CNV) syndromes, and diseases associated with intrauterine infection involve both cataract and heart defects. However, little is known about the association between CC and CHD. Here, we characterised the demographic, clinical, and genetic features of patients with CC and heart defects. Methods Medical records for 334 hospitalised patients diagnosed with CC were reviewed. Demographic and clinical features of patients with CC with and without CHD were compared. Clinical and genomic information for patients with ‘cataract’ and ‘cardiac defects’ were reviewed from Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER). Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation and whole-exome sequencing were performed in 10 trio families with CC and CHD to detect de novo genomic alterations, including copy number variants and single nucleotide changes. Results In a retrospective analysis of 334 patients with CC over the past 10 years at our hospital, we observed a high proportion of patients (41.13%) with CHD (including innocent CHD, which reported as left-to-right shunt in echocardiography test). The CC with CHD group had higher incidences of preterm birth and Down’s syndrome than the CC without CHD group. Atrial septal defect was the most frequent heart defect. A total of 44 cases with cataracts and heart diseases were retrieved from Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER). In total, 52 genomic alterations were reported, 44% of which were de novo germline variants. In the 10 trio families with CC and CHD, we found de novo CNVs responsible for two well-known chromosomal disorders and identified a novel pathogenic mutation in GJA8 responsible for CC. Conclusions We observed significant associations between CHD and CC in our 10-year patient cohort. Based on the cohort and data from DECIPHER, developmental syndromes in some patients were due to genetic defects, thus explaining the concurrence of CC and CHD. Additionally, we detected de novo mutations as an independent cause of cataracts. Our findings suggest that developmental syndromes in patients with CC deserve more attention in clinical practice by ophthalmologists. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01873-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Nuo Si
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixun Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaqiong Ren
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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19
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Singh VM, Badakere A, Patil-Chhablani P, Kekunnaya R. Profile of congenital cataract in the first year of life from a tertiary care center in South India - A modern series. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:932-936. [PMID: 33727462 PMCID: PMC8012959 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1558_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To report the etiology, clinical presentation, and morphology of congenital cataract in a tertiary care center. Methods: It is a prospective cohort study conducted at L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad. All children with congenital cataract ≤ 12 months of age that required surgical intervention between August 2015 and July 2016 were included in the study. 109 such patients were subjected to meticulous history taking, pedigree charting, ocular, and systemic examination, B-scan, TORCH testing, clinical photographs, pediatrician consult and blood tests, which included serum calcium, serum phosphorous and urine for reducing sugars. Results: The mean age of presentation was 4.1 months (±2.6 months) and both the genders were equally affected (P = 0.49). Eighty-five patients (77.9%) presented with bilateral cataracts while 24 patients had a unilateral presentation (22.1%). The common morphological presentation was either a total or a nuclear cataract, both variants noticed in 47 patients (43.1%). TORCH infections were responsible for a maximum (37 patients, 33.4%) number of cases followed by familial (20 patients, 18%) and developmental anomalies (11 patients, 10.1%) while the total number of idiopathic cases were 24% (27 patients). Eighteen patients (16.5%) had congenital heart defects and the majority (16 patients, 88.9%) of these had positive TORCH titres. Conclusion: Familial cataract and those possibly due to TORCH are still the predominant cause of congenital cataract in this series-highlighting the role of vaccination and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshay Badakere
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Services, LVPEI, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kekunnaya
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Services, LVPEI, Hyderabad, India
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20
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Kumar D, Lim JC, Donaldson PJ. A link between maternal malnutrition and depletion of glutathione in the developing lens: a possible explanation for idiopathic childhood cataract? Clin Exp Optom 2021; 96:523-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kumar
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Julie C Lim
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Paul J Donaldson
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
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21
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22
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Pon JAMC, Bevin TH, Herbison P, Taylor BJ, Sanderson G. A novel instrument for assessing the retinal red reflex for non‐ophthalmic health professionals. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 88:160-4. [PMID: 15926879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The direct ophthalmoscope is the standard instrument for assessing retinal red reflexes when screening for cataract, however, it is expensive and often not available to non-ophthalmic health professionals. The pen torch ophthalmoscope is a new economic alternative for this purpose. This study aimed to determine its accuracy in assessing retinal red reflexes and to compare it to the direct ophthalmoscope. It is anticipated that this instrument will be useful in detecting both congenital and adult type cataracts. METHODS Eighteen health professionals evaluated the retinal red reflexes of 68 subjects at the Dunedin Hospital Eye Clinic with both the direct ophthalmoscope and the pen torch ophthalmoscope. Three groups of seven, six and five observers assessed both eyes of 24, 21 and 23 subjects, respectively, resulting in 1,574 examinations. RESULTS Compared to the direct ophthalmoscope, the pen torch ophthalmoscope exhibited lower sensitivity (68 per cent versus 75 per cent), but higher specificity (72 per cent versus 63 per cent) and lower over-referral (false positive) rates by nine per cent. The positive predictive value in respect to identifying for cataract was better for the pen torch ophthalmoscope (71 per cent) than for the direct ophthalmoscope (66 per cent), while the negative predictive value was slightly worse (70 per cent and 73 per cent, respectively). When compared to the direct ophthalmoscope, 15/18 observers felt the pen torch ophthalmoscope was accurate enough, one felt it was just as good and two did not respond. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates that the pen torch ophthalmoscope is comparable to the direct ophthalmoscope in detecting abnormal retinal red reflexes in adults with cataracts. At six per cent of the cost of a direct ophthalmoscope, it may appeal to non-ophthalmic health professionals in developed and developing countries. It may also increase the frequency of screening for cataract in children and adults. Further development and study of this pen torch ophthalmoscope prototype is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne M C Pon
- Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Bremond-Gignac D, Daruich A, Robert MP, Valleix S. Recent developments in the management of congenital cataract. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1545. [PMID: 33313290 PMCID: PMC7729375 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cataract is a rare eye disease, one of the leading treatable causes of low vision in children worldwide. Hereditary cataracts can be divided in syndromic and non-syndromic cataracts. Early diagnosis in congenital cataracts is key to reach good visual function. Current surgical techniques, that combine microincision cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, have improved childhood cataract outcome. Complications include posterior capsule opacification (PCO), aphakic or pseudophakic glaucoma, uveitis, pupil displacement and IOL decentration. A recent study using a modified Delphi approach identified areas of consensus and disagreement in the management of pediatric cataract. A consensus or near consensus was achieved for 79% of the questions, however 21% of the questions remained controversial, as for IOL implantation strategy. Congenital cataracts show a highly variable phenotype and genotype, and can be related to different mutations, genetic variance, and other risk factors. Congenital cataracts can be associated with other ocular developmental abnormalities, including microphthalmia, microcornea, or aniridia and with systemic findings. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and forthcoming new ultra-high-throughput sequencing represent excellent tools to investigate the genetic causes of congenital cataracts. A better recognition of different clinical presentations and underlying etiologies of congenital cataracts may lead to the development of new approaches to improve visual outcome after cataract surgery and promote early detection of systemic associated syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Alejandra Daruich
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu P Robert
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.,Borelli Centre, UMR 9010 CNRS-SSA-ENS Paris Saclay-Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Valleix
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, OPHTARA Center, Paris, France
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Wang J, Zhu X, Ying P, Zhu Y. PIF1 Affects the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells by Influencing TERT. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7827-7835. [PMID: 32943924 PMCID: PMC7468502 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s265336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in female and it is a serious disease threatening women’s lives. We aimed to explore whether PIF1 helicase expression could affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, and whether its mechanisms were related to the expression and activity of TERT. Methods Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of PIF1 and TERT in End1/E6E7, Hela, SiHa, Ca-Ski and C-33A cells and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3). RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis determined the expressions of PIF1 and TERT after transfection. After transfection or cycloastragenol (CAG) treatment, the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and telomerase TERT activity were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analysis and ELISA assay. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to verify the interactions between PIF1 and TERT. Results The expressions of PIF1 and TERT in End1/E6E7, Hela, SiHa, Ca-Ski and C-33A cells were increased. As PIF1 and TERT expressions in C-33A cells showed the minimum increase, C-33A cells were chosen for the next study. PIF1 interference inhibited the proliferation, decreased the ratio of G2/M phase and promoted apoptosis of transfected cells, and PIF1 interference promoted the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 and suppressed the Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, PIF1 interference down-regulated the telomerase activity. The effect of PIF1 overexpression was opposite to that of PIF1 interference. Co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that PIF1 could combine with TERT. CAG treatment effectively reversed the effect of PIF1 interference on proliferation, cycle and apoptosis of C-33A cells transfected with shRNA-PIF1. Moreover, CAG treatment increased the expressions of PIF1 and TERT. Discussion PIF1 helicase could promote the proliferation and suppress the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by down-regulating the activity of telomerase TERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jianhu Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jianhu Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224700, People's Republic of China
| | - Pian Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
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25
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Fan F, Luo Y, Wu J, Gao C, Liu X, Mei H, Zhou X. The mutation spectrum in familial versus sporadic congenital cataract based on next-generation sequencing. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:361. [PMID: 32883240 PMCID: PMC7469093 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cataract (CC) is a significant cause of lifelong visual loss, and its genetic diagnosis is challenging due to marked genetic heterogeneity. The purpose of this article is to report the genetic findings in sporadic and familial CC patients. METHODS Patients (n = 53) who were clinically diagnosed with CC and their parents were recruited. Blood samples were collected in our hospital. Mutations were detected by panel-based next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) targeting 792 genes frequently involved in common inherited eye diseases. RESULTS We identified variants in 10/37 cases (27.02%) of sporadic CC and 14/16 cases (87.5%) of familial CC, which indicated a significant difference (P = 0.000). Of the 13 variants identified in sporadic cases, nine were previously reported mutations, and three were novel mutations, including one de novo mutation (CRYBB2 c.487C > T). The most frequent variants in our cohort were in crystallins and cytoskeletal genes (5/27, 18.52%), followed by proteins associated with X-linked syndromic conditions (14.81%) and transcriptional factors (11.11%). Additional information on the possibility of complications with inherited ocular or systemic diseases other than CC was provided in 17/27 (62.96%) variants. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to expanding the mutation spectrum and frequency of genes responsible for CC. Targeted NGS in CC provided significant diagnostic information and enabled more accurate genetic counselling. This study reports the different distributions of mutation genes in familial and sporadic CC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengjun Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyue Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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26
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Farvardin M, Bolkheir A. Unilateral Duane Retraction Syndrome Associated with Unilateral Congenital Cataract. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:95-98. [PMID: 32095213 PMCID: PMC7001023 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i1.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report unilateral congenital cataract in a case of ipsilateral Duane retraction syndrome. Case Report In this case, we present a six year old girl who was referred with ocular deviation. She had a history of congenital cataract surgery in the left eye at the age of two years. The subject had no associated systemic disease, developmental delay, or positive family history. She was finally diagnosed as having Duane retraction syndrome in the same eye. Conclusion Duane retraction syndrome can be associated with congenital cataract due to the matching time of gestational development of the lens to that of ocular and non-ocular anomalies associated with Duane syndrome. As both of these disorders are rare, coincidence of both in the same person and the same eye by chance is a very remote possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Farvardin
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Bolkheir
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Thayalan K, Kothari A, Khanna Y, Kothari A. Congenital cataracts - Clinical considerations in ultrasound diagnosis and management. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2020; 23:74-79. [PMID: 34760586 DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric cataracts are one of the more common ocular abnormalities that occur in approximately 6 in 10,000 infants and are a major cause of childhood blindness. A suggested pathological mechanism for congenital cataract formation is the abnormal arrangement of lens fibres during embryogenesis. While toxins, chromosomal abnormalities, infections and metabolic disorders account for the majority of the cases, up to 87% of unilateral cataracts remain idiopathic, making disease prevention an ongoing challenge. Early diagnosis and timely referral to ensure effective genetic counselling and postnatal follow-up is paramount to prevent long-term visual consequences. We describe three cases of congenital cataracts with incongruence in antenatal ultrasound findings and postnatal results. Improvement over time in the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound allows for early diagnosis of congenital cataracts, yet there is little published evidence regarding the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound as a diagnostic modality. As congenital cataracts have significant long-term implications if left untreated, such as loss of visual capacity and amblyopia, a targeted ultrasound survey should be performed at morphology scans, with a special focus on the orbital region. This should be extended to those with a significant family history of fetal eye abnormalities and severe malformations. Given the high proportion of idiopathic congenital cataracts, the scope of developing other preventative strategies is limited. Early and accurate diagnosis in the antenatal period may be feasible, by thorough examination of the eyes to detect ocular anomalies, especially in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanthy Thayalan
- Redlands Hospital Weippin Street Cleveland Queensland 4163 Australia.,Redcliffe Hospital Anzac Avenue Redcliffe Queensland 4020 Australia.,James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Douglas Queensland 4814 Australia
| | - Anoushka Kothari
- James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Douglas Queensland 4814 Australia
| | - Yash Khanna
- Monash University Wellington Road Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Alka Kothari
- Redcliffe Hospital Anzac Avenue Redcliffe Queensland 4020 Australia.,University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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28
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Li L, Fan DB, Zhao YT, Li Y, Yang ZB, Zheng GY. GJA8 missense mutation disrupts hemichannels and induces cell apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19157. [PMID: 31844091 PMCID: PMC6915756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC), the most common hereditary disease, is a major cause of eye disease in children. Due to its high genetic and clinical heterogeneity, the identification of ADCC-associated gene mutations is essential for the development of molecular therapies. In this study, we examined a four-generation Chinese pedigree with ADCC and identified putative mutations in ADCC candidate genes via next-generation sequencing (NGS) followed by Sanger sequencing. A novel missense mutation in GJA8 (c.T217C) in ADCC patients causes a serine-to-proline substitution at residue 73 of connexin 50 (Cx50); no mutation was found in unaffected family members and unrelated healthy individuals. Functional analysis revealed that this missense mutation disrupts protein function in human lens epithelial cells (HLEpiCs), which fails to form calcium-sensitive hemichannels. Furthermore, mutant Cx50 leads to decreased ROS scavenging by inhibiting G6PD expression and thus induces cell apoptosis via aberrant activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In conclusion, we report a novel GJA8 heterozygous mutation in a Chinese family with a vital role in ADCC, broadening the genetic spectrum of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Ophthalmologic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Da-Bei Fan
- Endocrine Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ya-Ting Zhao
- Ophthalmologic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yun Li
- Ophthalmologic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zi-Bing Yang
- Ophthalmologic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guang-Ying Zheng
- Ophthalmologic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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29
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Volkmann M, Richter R, Herrmann T, Hentze S, Hör M, Hasche H, Selle B, Stremmel W, Gehrke SG. Hereditary hyperferritinaemia-cataract syndrome (HHCS) – an underestimated condition: ferritin light chain variant spectrum in German families. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:1837-1845. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In hereditary hyperferritinaemia-cataract syndrome (HHCS), single nucleic acid alterations in the ferritin light chain (L-ferritin) iron response element (IRE) constitutively derepress ferritin synthesis, resulting in hyperferritinaemia, L-ferritin deposits in the lens of the eye and early bilateral cataract onset.
Methods
In this study, six German families with putative HHCS were analysed. Clinical diagnosis of HHCS was based on medical history, evaluation of ferritin serum levels, transferrin saturation and clinical ophthalmological examination. Diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA sequencing of the L-ferritin IRE.
Results
Genetic analysis of the L-ferritin IRE revealed relevant single nucleic acid alterations in each of the affected families. Variants c.-168G > A, c.-168G > U and c.-167C > U were located in the C-bulge region; and variants c.-161C > U and c.-157G > A were located in the hexanucleotide loop of the L-ferritin IRE.
Conclusions
Family history of hyperferritinaemia and juvenile cataracts are strong indicators of HHCS. Genetic analysis of the L-ferritin IRE is a straightforward procedure to confirm the diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis of hyperferritinaemia can avoid unnecessary treatment by venesection, and focus attention on early cataract detection in offspring at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolf Richter
- MVZ Labor PD Dr. Volkmann & Kollegen , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Medizinische Klinik 1 , Westküstenklinikum Heide , Heide , Germany
| | | | - Michaela Hör
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe gGmbH, Augenklinik , Karlsruhe , Germany
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30
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Wernecke L, Keckeis S, Reichhart N, Strauß O, Salchow DJ. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation in Pediatric Lens Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5785-5794. [PMID: 30521667 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a complication after cataract surgery, particularly in children. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells, mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), contributes to PCO. However, its pathogenesis in children is poorly understood. We correlated cell growth in culture with patient characteristics, studied gene expression of pediatric lens epithelial cells (pLEC), and examined the effects of TGFβ-2 on these cells in vitro. Methods Clinical characteristics of children with cataracts correlated with growth behavior of pLEC in vitro. mRNA expression of epithelial (αB-crystallin, connexin-43) and mesenchymal (αV-integrin, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen-Iα2, fibronectin-1) markers was quantified in pLEC and in cell line HLE-B3 in the presence and absence of TGFβ-2. Results Fifty-four anterior lens capsules from 40 children aged 1 to 180 months were obtained. Cell outgrowth occurred in 44% of the capsules from patients ≤ 12 months and in 33% of capsules from children aged 13 to 60 months, but in only 6% of capsules from children over 60 months. TGFβ-2 significantly upregulated expression of αB-crystallin (HLE-B3), αV-integrin (HLE-B3), collagen-Iα2, and fibronectin-1 (in pLEC and HLE-B3 cells). Conclusions Patient characteristics correlated with growth behavior of pLEC in vitro, paralleling a higher clinical incidence of PCO in younger children. Gene expression profiles of pLEC and HLE-B3 suggest that upregulation of αV-integrin, collagen-Iα2, and fibronectin-1 are involved in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wernecke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Keckeis
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Reichhart
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauß
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel J Salchow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Louison S, Blanc J, Pallot C, Alassane S, Praudel A, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher C. Visual outcomes and complications of congenital cataract surgery. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:368-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Philip SS, Braganza AD, Rebekah GJ. Comparison of a single intraoperative posterior sub-Tenon's capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection versus topical steroids for treatment of postcataract surgery inflammation in children. Oman J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:25-30. [PMID: 30787531 PMCID: PMC6380151 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_147_2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of a single intraoperative posterior sub-Tenon's capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection with postoperative topical steroids in controlling intraocular inflammation in uncomplicated pediatric cataract surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective comparative study of children (<13 years of age) undergoing cataract surgery in a tertiary care eye center in South India. Preoperative evaluation was similar in both groups. The surgical procedure was the same for both groups except at the end of surgery only Group 1 (right eye of bilateral cataracts and all unilateral cataracts) received intraoperative 0.5 ml (40 mg/ml) posterior sub-Tenon's injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Postoperatively, Group 1 was administered only topical antibiotic and Group 2 was put on topical antibiotic, mydriatic, and steroids. Intraocular inflammation and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed clinically on day 1, 1st week, 1st month, and 3 months, postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 30 eyes were included in the study. Age ranged between 1 month and 132 months, with 18 eyes included in Group 1 and 12 eyes in Group 2. The mean postoperative IOP at the 3 months follow-up was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.4). The presence of intraocular lens had no role in postoperative inflammation (P = 1). Group 2 showed more anterior segment inflammation with six eyes (50%) developing posterior synechiae and distortion of the pupil 3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: In pediatric cataracts, a single intraoperative sub-Tenon's capsule injection of triamcinolone acetonide appears to be safe and effective in controlling postcataract surgery inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Sara Philip
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andrew David Braganza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Grace J Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li J, Leng Y, Han S, Yan L, Lu C, Luo Y, Zhang X, Cao L. Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with familial or sporadic pediatric cataract. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:94. [PMID: 29914532 PMCID: PMC6006596 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric cataract is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease which is a significant cause of lifelong visual impairment and treatable blindness. Our study aims to investigate the genotype spectrum in a group of Chinese patients with pediatric cataract. Methods We enrolled 39 families with pediatric cataract from October 2015 to April 2016. DNA samples of the probands were analyzed by target next-generation sequencing. Variants were validated using Sanger sequencing in the probands and available family members. Results In our cohort of 39 cases with different types of pediatric cataract, 23 cases were found to harbor putative pathogenic variants in 15 genes: CRYAA, CRYBA1, CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYGC, CRYGD, MIP, GCNT2, IARS2, NHS, BCOR, BFSP2, FYCO1, MAF, and PAX6. The mutation detection rates in the familial and sporadic cases were 75 and 47.8%, respectively. Of the 23 causative variants, over half were novel. Conclusions This is a rare report of systematic mutation screening analysis of pediatric cataract in a comparably large cohort of Chinese patients. Our observations enrich the mutation spectrum of pediatric cataract. Next-generation sequencing provides significant diagnostic information for pediatric cataract cases, especially when considering sporadic and subtle syndromal cases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0828-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yunji Leng
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shirui Han
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China. .,McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Lihua Cao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Prognostic importance of congenital cataract morphology: A case report. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.350928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the anatomic sites and the etiology of childhood blindness and to discern treatable and preventable causes. METHODS The records of 998 patients seen in the authors' pediatric ophthalmology unit between June 1998 and May 2002 were examined retrospectively. A total of 148 patients who had visual impairment and blindness according to World Health Organization criteria were included in the study. They are classified according to the etiology based on time of insult and the anatomic site of visual loss. RESULTS The most common anatomic site of visual loss was retina, with a rate of 25.0%. The etiology according to the time of insult was unknown in 45.2% of the patients, of whom 20.2% had cataract. Genetic disorders were responsible in 25.0% of the patients. In 69.6% of the patients, the causes of visual impairment were considered either preventable or treatable, including cataract, retinopathy of prematurity, genetic disorders, and refractive errors. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of our patients had avoidable causes of childhood blindness. Genetic counseling services, as well as national screening programs for amblyopia, red fundus reflex, and retinopathy of prematurity, should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cetin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir - Turkey
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Javadiyan S, Craig JE, Souzeau E, Sharma S, Lower KM, Mackey DA, Staffieri SE, Elder JE, Taranath D, Straga T, Black J, Pater J, Casey T, Hewitt AW, Burdon KP. High-Throughput Genetic Screening of 51 Pediatric Cataract Genes Identifies Causative Mutations in Inherited Pediatric Cataract in South Eastern Australia. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:3257-3268. [PMID: 28839118 PMCID: PMC5633377 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric cataract is a leading cause of childhood blindness. This study aimed to determine the genetic cause of pediatric cataract in Australian families by screening known disease-associated genes using massively parallel sequencing technology. We sequenced 51 previously reported pediatric cataract genes in 33 affected individuals with a family history (cases with previously known or published mutations were excluded) using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Variants were prioritized for validation if they were predicted to alter the protein sequence and were absent or rare with minor allele frequency <1% in public databases. Confirmed mutations were assessed for segregation with the phenotype in all available family members. All identified novel or previously reported cataract-causing mutations were screened in 326 unrelated Australian controls. We detected 11 novel mutations in GJA3, GJA8, CRYAA, CRYBB2, CRYGS, CRYGA, GCNT2, CRYGA, and MIP; and three previously reported cataract-causing mutations in GJA8, CRYAA, and CRYBB2 The most commonly mutated genes were those coding for gap junctions and crystallin proteins. Including previous reports of pediatric cataract-associated mutations in our Australian cohort, known genes account for >60% of familial pediatric cataract in Australia, indicating that still more causative genes remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Karen M Lower
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Deepa Taranath
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Tania Straga
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Joanna Black
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - John Pater
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Theresa Casey
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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Li J, Xia CH, Wang E, Yao K, Gong X. Screening, genetics, risk factors, and treatment of neonatal cataracts. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:734-743. [PMID: 28544770 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal cataracts remain the most common cause of visual loss in children worldwide and have diverse, often unknown, etiologies. This review summarizes current knowledge about the detection, treatment, genetics, risk factors, and molecular mechanisms of congenital cataracts. We emphasize significant progress and topics requiring further study in both clinical cataract therapy and basic lens research. Advances in genetic screening and surgical technologies have improved the diagnosis, management, and visual outcomes of affected children. For example, mutations in lens crystallins and membrane/cytoskeletal components that commonly underlie genetically inherited cataracts are now known. However, many questions still remain regarding the causes, progression, and pathology of neonatal cataracts. Further investigations are also required to improve diagnostic criteria for determining the timing of appropriate interventions, such as the implantation of intraocular lenses and postoperative management strategies, to ensure safety and predictable visual outcomes for children. Birth Defects Research 109:734-743, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Hong Xia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Eddie Wang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Javadiyan S, Craig JE, Sharma S, Lower KM, Casey T, Haan E, Souzeau E, Burdon KP. Novel missense mutation in the bZIP transcription factor, MAF, associated with congenital cataract, developmental delay, seizures and hearing loss (Aymé-Gripp syndrome). BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:52. [PMID: 28482824 PMCID: PMC5422868 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Cataract is a major cause of severe visual impairment in childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic cause of syndromic congenital cataract in an Australian mother and son. Method Fifty-one genes associated with congenital cataract were sequenced in the proband using a custom Ampliseq library on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). Reads were aligned against the human genome (hg19) and variants were annotated. Variants were prioritised for validation by Sanger sequencing if they were novel, rare or previously reported to be associated with paediatric cataract and were predicted to be protein changing. Variants were assessed for segregation with the phenotype in the affected mother. Result A novel likely pathogenic variant was identified in the transactivation domain of the MAF gene (c.176C > G, p.(Pro59Arg)) in the proband and his affected mother., but was absent in 326 unrelated controls and absent from public variant databases. Conclusion The MAF variant is the likely cause of the congenital cataract, Asperger syndrome, seizures, hearing loss and facial characteristics in the proband, providinga diagnosis of Aymé-Gripp syndrome for the family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0414-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karen M Lower
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Theresa Casey
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women's and Children's Hospital), Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Chen J, Wang Q, Cabrera PE, Zhong Z, Sun W, Jiao X, Chen Y, Govindarajan G, Naeem MA, Khan SN, Ali MH, Assir MZ, Rahman FU, Qazi ZA, Riazuddin S, Akram J, Riazuddin SA, Hejtmancik JF. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Pakistani Families With Autosomal Recessive Congenital Cataracts by Homozygosity Screening. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2207-2217. [PMID: 28418495 PMCID: PMC5397132 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify the genetic origins of autosomal recessive congenital cataracts (arCC) in the Pakistani population. Methods Based on the hypothesis that most arCC patients in consanguineous families in the Punjab areas of Pakistan should be homozygous for causative mutations, affected individuals were screened for homozygosity of nearby highly informative microsatellite markers and then screened for pathogenic mutations by DNA sequencing. A total of 83 unmapped consanguineous families were screened for mutations in 33 known candidate genes. Results Patients in 32 arCC families were homozygous for markers near at least 1 of the 33 known CC genes. Sequencing the included genes revealed homozygous cosegregating sequence changes in 10 families, 2 of which had the same variation. These included five missense, one nonsense, two frame shift, and one splice site mutations, eight of which were novel, in EPHA2, FOXE3, FYCO1, TDRD7, MIP, GALK1, and CRYBA4. Conclusions The above results confirm the usefulness of homozygosity mapping for identifying genetic defects underlying autosomal recessive disorders in consanguineous families. In our ongoing study of arCC in Pakistan, including 83 arCC families that underwent homozygosity mapping, 3 mapped using genome-wide linkage analysis in unpublished data, and 30 previously reported families, mutations were detected in approximately 37.1% (43/116) of all families studied, suggesting that additional genes might be responsible in the remaining families. The most commonly mutated gene was FYCO1 (14%), followed by CRYBB3 (5.2%), GALK1 (3.5%), and EPHA2 (2.6%). This provides the first comprehensive description of the genetic architecture of arCC in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 3State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Patricia E Cabrera
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 3State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Yabin Chen
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Gowthaman Govindarajan
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen N Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Fawad Ur Rahman
- Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 5Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan 7National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan 7National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States 9McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Interocular suppression in children with deprivation amblyopia. Vision Res 2017; 133:112-120. [PMID: 28214552 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In patients with anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia, interocular suppression can be minimized by presenting high contrast stimulus elements to the amblyopic eye and lower contrast elements to the fellow eye. This suggests a structurally intact binocular visual system that is functionally suppressed. We investigated whether suppression can also be overcome by contrast balancing in children with deprivation amblyopia due to childhood cataracts. To quantify interocular contrast balance, contrast interference thresholds were measured using an established dichoptic global motion technique for 21 children with deprivation amblyopia, 14 with anisometropic or mixed strabismic/anisometropic amblyopia and 10 visually normal children (mean age mean=9.9years, range 5-16years). We found that interocular suppression could be overcome by contrast balancing in most children with deprivation amblyopia, at least intermittently, and all children with anisometropic or mixed anisometropic/strabismic amblyopia. However, children with deprivation amblyopia due to early unilateral or bilateral cataracts could tolerate only very low contrast levels to the stronger eye indicating strong suppression. Our results suggest that treatment options reliant on contrast balanced dichoptic presentation could be attempted in a subset of children with deprivation amblyopia.
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Wu MH, Yu YH, Hao QL, Gong XH, Yao K. A novel splice site mutation of CRYBA3/A1 gene associated with congenital cataract in a Chinese family. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1-5. [PMID: 28149769 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the disease-causing mutation responsible for the presence of congenital cataract in a Chinese family. METHODS The study recruited a four-generation Chinese pedigree affected by autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC). Family history and the history of cataract extraction were recorded. Blood samples were collected from individuals for DNA extraction. Direct sequencing of congenital cataract-associated genes was performed. Single-strand conformational polymorphism and bioinformatic analysis were conducted to further study the mutation. RESULTS Direct sequencing revealed a novel splice site mutation of c.30-2 A>G in the CRYBA3/A1 gene. The mutation co-segregated within all affected individuals in the family and was not found in unaffected members or 100 unrelated normal controls. These results were further confirmed by single-strand conformational polymorphism and bioinformatic analysis using the Human Splicing Finder and MaxEnt online software and Annovar computer software. CONCLUSION c.30-2 A>G mutation of CRYBA3/A1 gene is a novel mutation and broadens the genetic spectrum of ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Wu
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yin-Hui Yu
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qin-Long Hao
- Institute of Translational, Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Gong
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley 94710, California, USA
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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Vasavada AR, Vasavada V. Current Status of IOL implantation in pediatric eyes: an update. Expert Rev Med Devices 2017; 14:1-9. [PMID: 28042714 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1271706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric cataracts are a huge problem worldwide, and with improving techniques and technology, the surgical treatment and postoperative visual rehabilitation are improving. Despite intraocular lenses(IOLs) being the standard of care for adult cataract surgery, this issue is still somewhat controversial, particularly in young children and infants due to lack of unequivocal evidence. This review therefore summarises the findings from recent studies on the aspect of IOL implantation in pediatric eyes. Areas covered: An extensive literature search was undertaken for published articles on congenital/developmental pediatric cataracts, and IOL implantation, where literature pertinent to traumatic and subluxated cataracts was not included in the review. Pubmed was used for literature search, and keywords entered were : pediatric, cataract surgery, intraocular lens, persistent fetal vasculature, outcomes, complications, visual performance with intraocular lenses. Expert commentary: Recent literature supports IOL implantation in most cases of congenital / developmental pediatric cataracts, and it seems like the way forward. However, the jury is still out on IOL implantation in infants, particularly in bilateral cataracts. Thus, surgeons must be extremely cautious in planning primary IOL implantation in infant eyes, and if they do perform IOL implantation, rigorous followup is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay R Vasavada
- a Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Raghudeep Eye Hospital , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Vaishali Vasavada
- a Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Raghudeep Eye Hospital , Ahmedabad , India
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Musleh M, Ashworth J, Black G, Hall G. Improving diagnosis for congenital cataract by introducing NGS genetic testing. BMJ QUALITY IMPROVEMENT REPORTS 2016; 5:bmjqir.u211094.w4602. [PMID: 27933154 PMCID: PMC5128776 DOI: 10.1136/bmjquality.u211094.w4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Childhood cataract (CC) has an incidence of 3.5 per 10,000 by age 15 years. Diagnosis of any underlying cause is important to ensure effective and prompt management of multisystem complications, to facilitate accurate genetic counselling and to streamline multidisciplinary care. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been shown to be effective in providing an underlying diagnosis in 70% of patients with CC in a research setting. This project aimed to integrate NGS testing in CC within six months of presentation and increase the rate of diagnosis. A retrospective case note review was undertaken to define the baseline efficacy of current care in providing a precise diagnosis. Quality improvement methods were used to integrate and optimize NGS testing in clinical care and measure the improvements made. The percentage of children receiving an NGS result within six months increased from 26% to 71% during the project period. The mean time to NGS testing and receiving a report decreased and there was a reduction in variation over the study period. Several patients and families had a change in management or genetic counselling as a direct result of the diagnosis given by the NGS test. The current recommended investigation of patients with bilateral CC is ineffective in identifying a diagnosis. Quality Improvement methods have facilitated successful integration of NGS testing into clinical care, improving time to diagnosis and leading to development of a new care pathway.
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Sheeladevi S, Lawrenson JG, Fielder AR, Suttle CM. Global prevalence of childhood cataract: a systematic review. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1160-9. [PMID: 27518543 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood cataract is an avoidable cause of visual disability worldwide and is a priority for VISION 2020: The Right to Sight. There is a paucity of information about the burden of cataract in children and the aim of this review is to assess the global prevalence of childhood cataract. The methodology for the review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a literature search for studies reporting estimates of prevalence or incidence of cataract among children (aged<18 years) at any global location using the Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase up to January 2015. No restrictions were imposed based on language or year of publication. Study quality was assessed using a critical appraisal tool designed for systematic reviews of prevalence. Twenty prevalence and four incidence studies of childhood cataract from five different geographical regions were included. The overall prevalence of childhood cataract and congenital cataract was in the range from 0.32 to 22.9/10000 children (median=1.03) and 0.63 to 9.74/10000 (median=1.71), respectively. The incidence ranged from 1.8 to 3.6/10000 per year. The prevalence of childhood cataract in low-income economies was found to be 0.42 to 2.05 compared with 0.63 to 13.6/10000 in high-income economies. There was no difference in the prevalence based on laterality or gender. This review highlights substantial gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of childhood cataract worldwide, particularly from low and lower middle-income economies. More studies are needed using standard definitions and case ascertainment methods with large enough sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sheeladevi
- Centre for Public Health Research, Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK
| | - J G Lawrenson
- Centre for Public Health Research, Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK
| | - A R Fielder
- Centre for Public Health Research, Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK
| | - C M Suttle
- Centre for Public Health Research, Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK
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Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of congenital cataract: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28564. [PMID: 27334676 PMCID: PMC4917826 DOI: 10.1038/srep28564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC) is the primary cause of treatable childhood blindness worldwide. The establishment of reliable, epidemiological estimates is an essential first step towards management strategies. We undertook an initial systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and other epidemiological characteristics of CC. PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched before January 2015. A meta-analysis with random-effects model based on a proportions approach was performed to determine the population-based prevalence of CC and to describe the data regarding the laterality, morphology, associated comorbidities and etiology. Heterogeneity was analyzed using the meta-regression method, and subgroup analyses were performed. 27 studies were selected from 2,610 references. The pooled prevalence estimate was 4.24 per 10,000 people, making it a rare disease based on WHO standards. Subgroup analyses revealed the highest CC prevalence in Asia, and an increasing prevalence trend through 2000. Other epidemiological characteristics showed CC tended to be bilateral, isolated, hereditary and in total/nuclear morphology. Huge heterogeneity was identified across most estimates (I2 > 75%). Most of the variations could be explained by sample size, research period and age at diagnosis. The findings provide suggestions for etiology of CC, improvements in screening techniques and development of public health strategies.
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Musleh M, Hall G, Lloyd IC, Gillespie RL, Waller S, Douzgou S, Clayton-Smith J, Kehdi E, Black GCM, Ashworth J. Diagnosing the cause of bilateral paediatric cataracts: comparison of standard testing with a next-generation sequencing approach. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1175-81. [PMID: 27315345 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeIn addition to environmental causes such as TORCH infection, trauma and drug or chemical exposure, childhood cataracts (CC) frequently have a genetic basis. They may be isolated or syndromic and have been associated with mutations in over 110 genes. We have recently demonstrated that next-generation sequencing (NGS), a high throughput sequencing technique that enables the parallel sequencing of multiple genes, is ideally suited to the investigation of bilateral CC. This study assesses the diagnostic outcomes of traditional routine investigations and compares this with outcomes of NGS testing.MethodsA retrospective review of the medical records of 27 consecutive patients with bilateral CC presenting in 2010-2012 was undertaken. The outcomes of routine investigations in these patients, including TORCH screen, urinalysis, karyotyping, and urinary and plasma organic amino acids, were collated. The success of routine genetic investigations undertaken over 10 years (2000-2010) was also assessed.ResultsBy April 2014, the underlying cause of bilateral CC had been identified in just one of 27 patients despite 44% (n=12) receiving a full 'standard' investigative work-up and 22% (n=6) investigations in addition to the standard work-up. Fifteen of these patients underwent NGS testing and nine (60%) of these received a diagnosis for their CC.ConclusionThe frequency of patients receiving a diagnosis for their CC after standard care and the time taken to diagnosis was disappointing. NGS testing improved diagnostic rates and time to diagnosis, as well as changing clinical management. These data serve as a baseline for future evaluation of novel diagnostic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Musleh
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - G Hall
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - I C Lloyd
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R L Gillespie
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - S Waller
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - S Douzgou
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - E Kehdi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G C M Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Ashworth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Gilbert CE, Lepvrier-Chomette N. Gender Inequalities in Surgery for Bilateral Cataract among Children in Low-Income Countries. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ma AS, Grigg JR, Ho G, Prokudin I, Farnsworth E, Holman K, Cheng A, Billson FA, Martin F, Fraser C, Mowat D, Smith J, Christodoulou J, Flaherty M, Bennetts B, Jamieson RV. Sporadic and Familial Congenital Cataracts: Mutational Spectrum and New Diagnoses Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:371-84. [PMID: 26694549 PMCID: PMC4787201 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cataracts are a significant cause of lifelong visual loss. They may be isolated or associated with microcornea, microphthalmia, anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and glaucoma, and there can be syndromic associations. Genetic diagnosis is challenging due to marked genetic heterogeneity. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 32 cataract-associated genes was undertaken in 46 apparently nonsyndromic congenital cataract probands, around half sporadic and half familial cases. We identified pathogenic variants in 70% of cases, and over 68% of these were novel. In almost two-thirds (20/33) of these cases, this resulted in new information about the diagnosis and/or inheritance pattern. This included identification of: new syndromic diagnoses due to NHS or BCOR mutations; complex ocular phenotypes due to PAX6 mutations; de novo autosomal-dominant or X-linked mutations in sporadic cases; and mutations in two separate cataract genes in one family. Variants were found in the crystallin and gap junction genes, including the first report of severe microphthalmia and sclerocornea associated with a novel GJA8 mutation. Mutations were also found in rarely reported genes including MAF, VIM, MIP, and BFSP1. Targeted NGS in presumed nonsyndromic congenital cataract patients provided significant diagnostic information in both familial and sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Ma
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Clinical GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John R. Grigg
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gladys Ho
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ivan Prokudin
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elizabeth Farnsworth
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Katherine Holman
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anson Cheng
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Frank A. Billson
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Frank Martin
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Clare Fraser
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Mowat
- Department of Medical GeneticsSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James Smith
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maree Flaherty
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Clinical GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Yang G, Chen Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhao J. Novel mutations in CRYGD are associated with congenital cataracts in Chinese families. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18912. [PMID: 26732753 PMCID: PMC4702117 DOI: 10.1038/srep18912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract disease is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous lens disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic defects and to investigate the relationships between disease-causing genes and lens morphology in congenital cataracts. Patients were given a physical examination, and their blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. Mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing of the following candidate genes: CRYGC, CRYGD, CRYGS, GJA8, GJA3 and CRYAA. Mutational analysis of CRYGD identified a recurrent (p.P24T) mutation in two unrelated families with congenital coralliform cataracts and three novel (p.Q101X, p.E104fsX4 and p.E135X) mutations in three families with congenital nuclear cataracts. The p.E135X mutation is a de novo mutation. Haplotype analysis showed patients inherited the same CRYGD allele originated from father. The p.E135X mutation seen in two siblings suggests a mechanism of gonadal mosaicism in the father.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Yang
- Department of Opthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China.,Hebei Provincial Key laboratory of ophthalmology, Hebei, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Wulin Zhang
- Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- Department of Opthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Boone PM, Yuan B, Gu S, Ma Z, Gambin T, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Jain M, Murdock TJ, White JJ, Jhangiani SN, Walker K, Wang Q, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Hejtmancik JF, Lupski JR, Posey JE, Lewis RA. Hutterite-type cataract maps to chromosome 6p21.32-p21.31, cosegregates with a homozygous mutation in LEMD2, and is associated with sudden cardiac death. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 4:77-94. [PMID: 26788539 PMCID: PMC4707028 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset cataracts are known among the Hutterites of North America. Despite being identified over 30 years ago, this autosomal recessive condition has not been mapped, and the disease gene is unknown. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing of three Hutterite-type cataract trios and follow-up genotyping and mapping in four extended kindreds. RESULTS Trio exomes enabled genome-wide autozygosity mapping, which localized the disease gene to a 9.5-Mb region on chromosome 6p. This region contained two candidate variants, LEMD2 c.T38G and MUC21 c.665delC. Extended pedigrees recruited for variant genotyping revealed multiple additional relatives with juvenile-onset cataract, as well as six deceased relatives with both cataracts and sudden cardiac death. The candidate variants were genotyped in 84 family members, including 17 with cataracts; only the variant in LEMD2 cosegregated with cataracts (LOD = 9.62). SNP-based fine mapping within the 9.5 Mb linked region supported this finding by refining the cataract locus to a 0.5- to 2.9-Mb subregion (6p21.32-p21.31) containing LEMD2 but not MUC21. LEMD2 is expressed in mouse and human lenses and encodes a LEM domain-containing protein; the c.T38G missense mutation is predicted to mutate a highly conserved residue within this domain (p.Leu13Arg). CONCLUSION We performed a genetic and genomic study of Hutterite-type cataract and found evidence for an association of this phenotype with sudden cardiac death. Using combined genetic and genomic approaches, we mapped cataracts to a small portion of chromosome 6 and propose that they result from a homozygous missense mutation in LEMD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Boone
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Shen Gu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch National Eye Institute Rockville Maryland
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | | | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | | | - Janson J White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | | | - Kimberly Walker
- Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Qiaoyan Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas; Human Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch National Eye Institute Rockville Maryland
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas; Human Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas; Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas; Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexas
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas; Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas; Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexas; Department of OphthalmologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas; Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
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