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Merčun A, Drobnič M, Žlak N, Krajnc Z. Knee osteoarthritis in the former elite football players and the ordinary population: a comparative cross-sectional study. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:196-200. [PMID: 37352118 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2228279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional case-control study compared subjective knee function, quality of life and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) between 45 former elite football players and an age-matched general male population. Participants completed the Knee OA Outcome Score (KOOS), a quality-of-life assessment (EQ-5D-3 L) and standing knee radiographs. Among the players, 24 (53%) sustained at least one moderate or severe knee injury, while 21 (47%) did not recall any injury. Players with previous knee injuries reported significantly lower knee-specific and general quality-of-life scores (KOOS 69; EQ-5D-3 L 0.69 (0.2)) compared to the non-injured players (KOOS 92; EQ-5D-3 L 0.81 (0.2)) or the control population (KOOS 90; EQ-5D-3 L 0.83 (0.2)). The injured knees had higher radiographic OA Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale grades 1.7 (1.3) than the knees of the non-injured players 0.8 (1.0) or the control knees 0.8 (1.0)Former elite football players who had previously sustained a moderate or severe knee injury reported inferior knee function and lower quality of life. Injured knees had higher levels of radiographic OA. Non-injured players reported similar knee and general function and their knees had similar grades of OA to those in the control group. The defining moment for long-term knee preservation in football should be injury prevention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljaž Merčun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Drobnič
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nik Žlak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zmago Krajnc
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Mohammadi H, Ghaffari R, Kazemi A, Behm DG, Hosseinzadeh M. Evaluation of the lower extremity functional test to predict lower limb injuries in professional male footballers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2596. [PMID: 38297107 PMCID: PMC10831056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lower Extremity Functional Test (LEFT) is a reliable and valid test for the measurement of athletic fitness, fatigue resistance, and speed performance. Contradictory results exist regarding the screening value of the LEFT in predicting lower limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the screening value of the LEFT in predicting lower limb injuries in professional male footballers. One hundred and twenty-one professional male football players participated in the study. LEFT was recorded pre-season and the lower-limb injuries were recorded during a 9-month season. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the accuracy of the prognosis of LEFT. A total of twenty-five lower limb injuries were recorded. The model explained 53% of the variance in lower limb injury, showing that predictions by LEFT score is reliable, and correctly predicted 89.3% of cases, which is a large improvement. ROC analysis showed significant accuracy of the LEFT score (AUC 0.908, 95% CI 1.126-1.336, p = 0.001, OR = 1.227) in discriminating between injured and uninjured players. The optimum cut-off level of the LEFT score was 90.21 s; Our findings showed that the LEFT score was able to predict lower limb injuries in professional male footballers. The slower an athlete's LEFT scores, the more susceptible they are to future injury risk. Sports medicine specialists, football coaches and managers are suggested to use LEFT as a pre-season screening test to identify and prevent the weakness and functional imbalance of the athletes before the injury occurs by conducting this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Mohammadi
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shomal University, Amol, Iran
| | - Raheleh Ghaffari
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shomal University, Amol, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Kazemi
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Mahdi Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Sport Sciences Research Institute, No. 3, 5th Alley, Miremad Street, Motahhari Street, PO Box: 1587958711, Tehran, Iran.
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Sato VN, Moriwaki TL, Ikawa MH, Sugawara LM, da Rocha Correa Fernandes A, Skaf AY, Yamada AF. Apophyseal injuries in soccer players. Skeletal Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00256-023-04542-x. [PMID: 38224380 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide, and it is associated with high injury rates, with most of these injuries occurring in the lower extremities. Particularly, in youth soccer players with immature skeleton, the physeal plate is two to five times weaker than the surrounding fibrous structures, and therefore more vulnerable to injury. The physeal plate consists of epiphyses and apophyses, with the former serving as tendon attachment sites and being subject to traction forces. There are two types of apophyseal injury: (i) apophyseal avulsion, which consists of an acute separation across the physeal plate; and (ii) apophysitis, an injury caused by chronic and repetitive contraction of musculotendon unit, leading to inflammation of the growth plate cartilage. Apophyses of the hip and pelvis are the most commonly injured in youth soccer players, due to vigorous contractions during sports activities and the fact that they tend to fuse later compared to other epiphyseal centers, making them more susceptible to injury. In this review, we will discuss the anatomy of lower limb apophyses and clinical and imaging findings of apophyseal injuries in youth soccer players, as well as briefly review treatment options and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Neves Sato
- Department of Radiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Hospital do Coração (HCor) and Teleimagem, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Diagnóstico das Américas (DASA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Lumi Moriwaki
- Department of Radiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Diagnóstico das Américas (DASA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hiroyuki Ikawa
- Department of Radiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Hospital do Coração (HCor) and Teleimagem, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Diagnóstico das Américas (DASA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Massamaro Sugawara
- Department of Radiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Diagnóstico das Américas (DASA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur da Rocha Correa Fernandes
- Department of Radiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
- Radiology Department - Grupo de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem da Rede D'Or, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Abdalla Youssef Skaf
- Department of Radiology, Hospital do Coração (HCor) and Teleimagem, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Diagnóstico das Américas (DASA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Fukunishi Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Hospital do Coração (HCor) and Teleimagem, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Diagnóstico das Américas (DASA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Patel V, Barakat J, Fanney L, Gendler L, Brown NJ, Ganley TJ, Nguyen JC. Maturation-dependent patterns of knee injuries among symptomatic pediatric soccer players on MRI. Skeletal Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00256-023-04543-w. [PMID: 38153433 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the prevalence of knee MRI findings among symptomatic pediatric soccer players with respect to skeletal maturity and to identify predictors of surgery. METHODS This IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included soccer players (< 18 years of age) who underwent MRI examinations in the past 5 years (2018-2023). Two radiologists retrospectively and independently reviewed all examinations to categorize skeletal maturity and to identify osseous and soft tissue findings. Findings were compared between maturation groups, and logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of surgery. RESULTS Ninety-seven players (45 boys, 52 girls) included 39 skeletally immature, 21 maturing, and 37 mature knees. Kappa coefficient for interobserver reliability ranged between 0.65 and 1.00. Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) was more common among immature than maturing and mature knees (25% vs 14% and 5%, p = 0.04); anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was more common among maturing and mature than immature knees (59% and 48%, vs 15%, p < 0.01); and meniscal tears were more common among mature than immature and maturing knees (medial, 41% vs 18% and 14%, p = 0.03; lateral, 43% vs 21% and 19%, p = 0.04). Players in the mature group were more likely to undergo surgery (p = 0.01). The presence of an effusion (OR = 19.5, 95% CI 2.8-240.9, p = 0.01), ACL injury (OR = 170.0, 95% CI 1.3-6996.9, p < 0.01), and lateral meniscal tears (OR = 10.8, 95% CI 1.8-106.1, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of surgery. CONCLUSION Differential patterns of injury were found among symptomatic pediatric soccer players; the presence of an effusion, ACL injury, and lateral meniscal tears were independent predictors of surgery, likely contributing to the higher rates of surgery among skeletally mature players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandan Patel
- Department of Radiology, Section of MSK, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jude Barakat
- Department of Radiology, Section of MSK, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lewis Fanney
- Department of Radiology, Section of MSK, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Liya Gendler
- Department of Radiology, Section of MSK, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi J Brown
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore J Ganley
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jie C Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Section of MSK, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Liang L, Chuang SK. Trends in Soccer-Related Craniomaxillofacial Injuries, United States 2003-2022. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 81:1495-1503. [PMID: 37743045 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soccer is one of the most popular sports worldwide. However, it has risks of injury to craniomaxillofacial regions such as the head, neck, and mouth. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine which demographic and injury characteristics among soccer players with craniomaxillofacial injuries are associated with increased hospitalizations. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Subjects included in this study experienced an injury to a craniomaxillofacial area from soccer between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2022. PREDICTOR VARIABLE The predictor variables included demographics (age, sex, race) and injury characteristics (craniomaxillofacial region, diagnosis). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE The primary outcome variable was injury severity defined as hospitalization outcome after injury (yes/no). The secondary outcome variable was the trends in the incidence of soccer craniomaxillofacial injuries over time (2003-2022). COVARIATES The covariates were the heterogenous set of predictor variables in this study. ANALYSES Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were computed. Survey-weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to measure the association of demographic and injury variables with hospitalization outcome. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05. RESULTS The study sample included 26,642 subjects (national estimate, 799,393). The national incidence of craniomaxillofacial soccer injuries generally increased between 2003 and 2012 and decreased between 2016 and 2020. Subjects in the ≥30 age group had increased odds of hospitalization compared to those in the 10-19 age group (odds ratio [OR], 2.12; P < .001). Compared to females, males had significantly higher odds of hospitalization (OR, 1.53; P < .001). Head (OR, 8.42; P < .001) and neck (OR, 15.8; P < .001) injuries had increased odds of hospitalization compared to facial injuries. Relative to contusions/abrasions, subjects with fractures (OR, 94.7; P < .001), dental injuries (OR, 41.3; P < .001), and concussions (OR, 5.33; P = .017) were at significantly higher odds of hospitalization. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Age, sex, craniomaxillofacial region, and diagnosis were significant predictors of hospitalization outcome after craniomaxillofacial soccer injury. Safer playing styles, use of mouthguards, and proper medical management may reduce future risks of craniomaxillofacial injury from soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Liang
- Dental Student, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
| | - Sung-Kiang Chuang
- Clinical Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Attending, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Good Samaritan Medical Center, Brockton, MA
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Gashi F, Kovačič T, Shalaj I, Haxhiu B, Boshnjaku A. Injuries in professional women's elite soccer players in Kosovo: epidemiological injury study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:131. [PMID: 37828567 PMCID: PMC10571249 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emphasis has been given lately towards women's engagement together with their potential in soccer. As this sport develops with athletes becoming more physically fit and skilled, it is unclear what the consequences in terms of injuries are. Having this in mind, this study aimed to investigate the major injuries that occur in women's soccer players. METHODS This descriptive epidemiological study invited all 286 women's soccer players from the 12 participating women clubs in the Kosovo 1st Soccer League (elite football level) during the 2021/2022 season, out of which 142 from 12 clubs participated. Exposure time for 1000 h of playing and training were recorded in addition to the anthropometric data, playing position, and prior injury history during the end of the season, practice, and match. The exact type of injury, severity, and post-injury recovery time, as well as the circumstances surrounding the injuries, were recorded. RESULTS In total 84 injuries were registered with an overall injury ratio (IR) being 3.21 (CI: 2.56, 3.98) injuries/1000 exposure hours. During the competitive season, each player sustained 1.4 injuries on average. IRs were significantly higher during competition (n = 50; IR = 1.57; CI: 1.52, 1.62) compared to training (n = 34; IR = 0.26, CI: 0.25, 0.27). Out of a total of 142 women players, 84 (59.2%) injuries occurred, and no record of injuries was made in 58 (40.8%) players. The overall IR was observed to be 3.21 (CI: 1.24, 3.27), with moderate and severe injuries accounting for 38.1% of total injuries (each), followed by mild (16.7%) and minimal (7.1%) injuries. CONCLUSION The women IR in Kosovo women's soccer players is low while being circa 11% below the international average. Almost 2 out of every 4 injuries were categorized as traumatic, with the IRs being more than 5-fold larger during games than during training. Additionally, these findings emphasize the higher rate of injuries amongst younger athletes, suggesting caution to be taken by the coaches when planning for the match. The collected data may help coaches and trainers create more targeted women's soccer injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feim Gashi
- Physiotherapy Program, Faculty of Medicine, Alma Mater Europaea -ECM, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea Campus College Rezonanca, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Tine Kovačič
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty for Health Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ismet Shalaj
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea Campus College Rezonanca, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Bekim Haxhiu
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea Campus College Rezonanca, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Arben Boshnjaku
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea Campus College Rezonanca, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Physiotherapy Program, Faculty of Medicine, University "Fehmi Agani" in Gjakova, 50000, Gjakova, Kosovo
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Gurau TV, Gurau G, Voinescu DC, Anghel L, Onose G, Iordan DA, Munteanu C, Onu I, Musat CL. Epidemiology of Injuries in Men's Professional and Amateur Football (Part I). J Clin Med 2023; 12:5569. [PMID: 37685638 PMCID: PMC10488230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background (1): Football is the most popular sport among men, associated with a certain risk of injury, which leads to short- and long-term health consequences. While the injury profile of professional footballers is known, little is known about the injury profile of amateur footballers; amateur football is a major and diverse area, the development of which should be a priority for football associations around the world and UEFA. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of epidemiological literature data on injuries in professional and amateur football players belonging to certain leagues. Methods (2): A systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines was performed until June 2023 in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Academic, Google Scholar, and Diva portal. Forty-six studies reporting injury incidence in professional and amateur men's football were selected and analyzed. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using an adapted version of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess risk of bias for the quality of external validity. Results (3): The overall incidence of injuries in professional male football players was 7.75 ± 2.28, 95% confidence interval, injuries/1000 h of exposure and that of amateur football players was 7.98 ± 2.95, 95% confidence interval, injuries/1000 h of exposure. The incidence of match injuries (30.64 ± 10.28, 95% confidence interval, injuries/1000 exposure hours) was 7.71 times higher than the training injury incidence rate (3.97 ± 1.35, 95% confidence interval, injuries/1000 h) in professional football players and 5.45 times higher in amateurs (17.56 ± 6.15 vs. 3.22 ± 1.4, 95% confidence interval, injuries/1000 h). Aggregate lower extremity injuries had the highest prevalence in both categories of footballers, being 83.32 ± 4.85% in professional footballers and 80.4 ± 7.04% in amateur footballers: thigh, ankle, and knee injuries predominated. Conclusions (4): Professional and amateur football players are at substantial risk of injury, especially during matches that require the highest level of performance. Injury rates have implications for players, coaches, and sports medicine practitioners. Therefore, information on football injuries can help develop personalized injury risk mitigation strategies that could make football safer for both categories of football players. The current findings have implications for the management, monitoring, and design of training, competition, injury prevention, especially severe injury, and education programs for amateur football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Vladimir Gurau
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Gurau
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (G.G.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Doina Carina Voinescu
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galați, Romania; (D.C.V.); (L.A.)
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Lucretia Anghel
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galați, Romania; (D.C.V.); (L.A.)
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Ar-Seni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Andrei Iordan
- Department of Individual Sports and Kinetotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Center of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iaşi, 700454 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Ilie Onu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iaşi, 700454 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Carmina Liana Musat
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (G.G.); (C.L.M.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galați, Romania; (D.C.V.); (L.A.)
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Weaver KJ, Relph N. Lower Limb Anthropometric Profiling in Professional Female Soccer Players: A Proof of Concept for Asymmetry Assessment Using Video Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6124. [PMID: 37372711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the clinical joint and limb measures in professional female soccer players. The study was a cross-sectional observational design. It was a preseason clinical setting. The inclusion criteria were outfield professional female soccer players, based in the UK, competing in the highest English league. The exclusion criteria included players who had had surgery in the last six months or had missed a single training session or match due to injury in the previous three months. In terms of the outcome measures, the dependent variables were the true limb length, ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion and extension, hip flexion, extension, internal rotation and external rotation, and straight leg raise measured using video analysis software. Additionally, passive clinical knee and ankle stability tests were conducted. The independent variables were leg dominance and playing position (defender, midfielder, and attacker). For the results, all the ROM measurements demonstrated limb symmetry (p = 0.621). However, there were significant main effects of the playing position on the ankle dorsiflexion and hip internal rotation, with defenders demonstrating a significantly reduced range of motion in comparison to midfielders and attackers. A notable finding from the bilateral passive stability measures was that 38.3% of players exhibited ankle talar inversion instability when using a talar tilt. In conclusion, bilateral differences do not appear to be apparent in this population; however, positional differences may occur in the ankle and hip range of motion measures. A high proportion of this population may present with passive ankle inversion instability. Future research should consider whether this leads to a higher risk of injury in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian J Weaver
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Nicola Relph
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
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Espada MC, Jardim M, Assunção R, Estaca A, Ferreira CC, Pessôa Filho DM, Verardi CEL, Gamonales JM, Santos FJ. Lower Limb Unilateral and Bilateral Strength Asymmetry in High-Level Male Senior and Professional Football Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111579. [PMID: 37297719 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to assess the relationship between different jumping asymmetries and associated performance variables in high-level male senior and professional football players. Nineteen football players with at least 12 years of training experience (23.2 ± 3.1 years of age; 75.2 ± 4.8 kg of body mass and 181 ± 0.06 cm of height) participated in this study performing countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), single-leg CMJ and drop jump (DJ), associated performance variable eccentric utilization ratio (EUR), stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), bilateral deficit (BLD), and limb symmetry index (LSI) were determined. High correlations were observed between different methodologies of jump tests and associated performance indicators (SSC, BLD, EUR), except LSI. Moreover, CMJ and SJ results were different (p < 0.05), but no differences were found between interlimb in CMJ (p = 0.19) and DJ (p = 0.14). Between the same limbs and different jumps differences were detected in CMJ and DJ (p < 0.01), and it has also been found that the laterality effect size on strength was small in CMJ (ES = 0.30) and DJ (ES = 0.35). LSI between CMJ and DJ was not different despite higher mean values in CMJ, and although mean BLD was positive (>100%), the results highlight the need for individual evaluation since eight players scored negatively. An in-depth and accurate analysis of performance in preseason screening jump tests should be considered, aiming to detect injury risk, specifically evaluating different jumping test methodologies, and determining jumping associated performance variables for each test, namely EUR, SSC, BLD, and LSI. Specific muscle-strengthening exercises could be implemented based on this study results and outcomes, aiming to reduce injury risks and lower extremity asymmetries and to enhance individual football performance in high-level male senior and professional football players. Sports institutions should pay special attention regarding potential health problems in athletes exposed to daily high training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário C Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Jardim
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, 2914-503 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Rafael Assunção
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, 2914-503 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Estaca
- Casa Pia Atlético Clube, Estádio Pina Manique, Parque de Monsanto, 1500-462 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia C Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E L Verardi
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Developmental Psychology and Learning, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - José M Gamonales
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J Santos
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
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Akbari H, Shimokochi Y, Sheikhi B. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and landing postures during a soccer-specific task. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283150. [PMID: 36928236 PMCID: PMC10019731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM) has been shown to be associated with poor landing posture. However, previously used tasks have been controlled, and it is unclear whether clinical measurements of the ankle DF-ROM, are associated with landing positions during sport-specific task. This study sought to determine the relationship between ankle DF-ROM and landing positions. METHODS Thirty male soccer players participated in this study. The ankle DF-ROM was measured by the weight bearing lunge test in degrees using a cell phone app (TiltMeter). Landing patterns were assessed during a soccer-specific task using landing error scoring system items using Kinovea software. Simple correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between ankle DF-ROM and landing error scores. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between ankle DF-ROM and landing errors (r = -0.450, P = 0.006). A decreased ankle DF-ROM was associated with greater landing errors in a soccer specific situation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ankle DF-ROM may serve a useful clinical measure for identifying poor landing posture in the real-world environment. Therefore, assessment of ankle DF-ROM could be included in the screening process, which could help identify the cause of the faulty motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Akbari
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohei Shimokochi
- Department of Health and Sport Management, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bahram Sheikhi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Castillo-Domínguez A, Torrontegui-Duarte M, Páez-Moguer J, Gómez-del-Pino Á, Cervera-Garvi P, Mainer-Pardos E, Lozano D, García-Romero J. The Influence of Stud Characteristics of Football Boots Regarding Player Injuries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010720. [PMID: 36613041 PMCID: PMC9819624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sole pattern parameters of football boots with the frequency of injuries that occur in semiprofessional and amateur footballers. METHODS The study sample was composed of 77 male football players. All were at least 18 years old, played at least 10 h per week, gave signed informed consent to take part and properly completed the Visual Analogue Scale. This study analysed data from each player's medical history, including age, injuries, years of practice, field type and surface condition information. RESULTS The visual analogic score in semiprofessional players was higher (2.05 ± 2.43) than in amateur players (1.00 ± 1.1). A total of 141 lesions were collected, equivalent to 1.81 injuries for each football player studied (n = 77). The result of the ROC curve indicated that the player's years of practice could predict significantly (p < 0.05) the presence of lower limb injuries, with an area under the curve of 0.714. CONCLUSIONS This study described the predictive capacity of sole pattern characteristics concerning lower limb injuries in amateur and semiprofessional footballers. Football boot variables associated with the number of studs were associated with foot and ankle overload injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joaquín Páez-Moguer
- Department of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gómez-del-Pino
- Department of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Cervera-Garvi
- Department of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Mainer-Pardos
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A23 km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Demetrio Lozano
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A23 km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jerónimo García-Romero
- Department of Human Physiology, Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Sports Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Noriega DC, Cristo Á, León A, García-Medrano B, Caballero-García A, Córdova-Martinez A. Plantar Fasciitis in Soccer Players-A Systemic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14426. [PMID: 36361304 PMCID: PMC9653655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world. Players often suffer a variety of injuries, the most common being injuries to muscles and tendons. It is striking that with soccer, being the most practiced sport, and considering that most injuries occur in the lower extremities, plantar fasciitis (PF) is not one of the most frequent injuries (at least in terms of clinical data collected). The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive update of the topic "plantar fasciitis" focusing on soccer players. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reportiog ltems for Systmiatic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus were researched. PICO (Patient, Population or Problem; Intervention; Comparison; and Outcome) components were identified. The keywords used were "plantar fasciitis", "plantar fasciitis and sport", "plantar fasciitis risk factors", "plantar fasciitis soccer" and "plantar fasciitis football players". With respect to the objective proposed for the research, we found eight specific articles focused on soccer. Of these, five were general reviews discussing the different methods of treatment of this pathology, and we have only found three studies that focused on PF in soccer, with two of them referring to a clinical case whereby the report and discussion only dealt with the specific treatment followed by the soccer player. After reviewing the manuscripts included in this work, we were surprised that there is no data in which the Silfverskiöld test was performed, as this test explores the passive mobility of the ankle and the degree of dorsiflexion in the supine position. We concluded that soccer players suffer pain in the sole of the foot compatible with plantar fasciitis; however, as indicated by Suzue et al., it is often not diagnosed because the athlete does not consider performing the clinical examinations necessary for its diagnosis. The shortage of reported publications in soccer may mask other PF-associated injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Noriega
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ángel Cristo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro León
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Medrano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging University of Valladolid, University Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Córdova-Martinez
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
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Warneke K, Lohmann LH, Keiner M, Wagner CM, Schmidt T, Wirth K, Zech A, Schiemann S, Behm D. Using Long-Duration Static Stretch Training to Counteract Strength and Flexibility Deficits in Moderately Trained Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13254. [PMID: 36293831 PMCID: PMC9603712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many sports injuries result in surgery and prolonged periods of immobilization, which may lead to significant atrophy accompanied by loss of maximal strength and range of motion and, therefore, a weak-leg/strong-leg ratio (as an imbalance index ∆ ) lower than 1. Consequently, there are common rehabilitation programs that aim to enhance maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility; however, the literature demonstrates existing strength imbalances after weeks of rehabilitation. Since no study has previously been conducted to investigate the effects of long-duration static stretch training to treat muscular imbalances, the present research aims to determine the possibility of counteracting imbalances in maximal strength and range of motion. Thirty-nine athletic participants with significant calf muscle imbalances in maximal strength and range of motion were divided into an intervention group (one-hour daily plantar flexors static stretching of the weaker leg for six weeks) and a control group to evaluate the effects on maximal strength and range of motion with extended and bent knee joint. Results show significant increases in maximal strength (d = 0.84-1.61, p < 0.001-0.005) and range of motion (d = 0.92-1.49, p < 0.001-0.002) following six weeks of static stretching. Group * time effects (p < 0.001-0.004, η² = 0.22-0.55) revealed ∆ changes in the intervention group from 0.87 to 1.03 for maximal strength and from 0.92 to 1.11 in range of motion. The results provide evidence for the use of six weeks of daily, one hour stretching to counteract muscular imbalances. Related research in clinical settings after surgery is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Department for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Lars H. Lohmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Training Science, German University of Health & Sport, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
| | - Carl-M. Wagner
- Department of Training Science, German University of Health & Sport, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department Training and Testing Science, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Wirth
- Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Motion Science and Exercise Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Department for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - David Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Reliability of wearable sensors-based parameters for the assessment of knee stability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274817. [PMID: 36137143 PMCID: PMC9499276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture represents one of the most recurrent knee injuries in soccer players. To allow a safe return to sport after ACL reconstruction, standardised and reliable procedures/criteria are needed. In this context, wearable sensors are gaining momentum as they allow obtaining objective information during sport-specific and in-the-field tasks. This paper aims at proposing a sensor-based protocol for the assessment of knee stability and at quantifying its reliability. Seventeen soccer players performed a single leg squat and a cross over hop test. Each participant was equipped with two magnetic-inertial measurement units located on the tibia and foot. Parameters related to the knee stability were obtained from linear acceleration and angular velocity signals. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated to evaluate each parameter reliability. The ICC ranged from 0.29 to 0.84 according to the considered parameter. Specifically, angular velocity-based parameters proved to be more reliable than acceleration-based counterparts, particularly in the cross over hop test (average ICC values of 0.46 and 0.63 for acceleration- and angular velocity-based parameters, respectively). An exception was represented, in the single leg squat, by parameters extracted from the acceleration trajectory on the tibial transverse plane (0.60≤ICC≤0.76), which can be considered as promising candidates for ACL injury risk assessment. Overall, greater ICC values were found for the dominant limb, with respect to the non-dominant one (average ICC: 0.64 and 0.53, respectively). Interestingly, this between-limb difference in variability was not always mirrored by LSI results. MDC values provide useful information in the perspective of applying the proposed protocol on athletes with ACL reconstruction. Thus, The outcome of this study sets the basis for the definition of reliable and objective criteria for return to sport clearance after ACL injury.
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15
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Mancini S, Dickin DC, Hankemeier D, Ashton C, Welch J, Wang H. Effects of a soccer-specific vertical jump on lower extremity landing kinematics. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:209-214. [PMID: 36090922 PMCID: PMC9453686 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury frequently occurs in female soccer athletes during deceleration movements such as landings. In soccer, landings mostly occur following jumping headers. Little research has been done to determine the mechanics that follow and how they compare to standard drop vertical jumps (DVJ). The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in kinematics between the DVJ and the soccer-specific vertical jump (SSVJ) in female soccer athletes to better assess the sport-specific risk for ACL injury. A secondary aim was to compare second landings (L2) to first landings (L1). Eight female recreational soccer athletes performed DVJs and SSVJs initiated from a 31 cm height. Motion capture was performed during landings and data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. SSVJs produced less peak hip flexion (p = 0.03) and less peak knee flexion (p = 0.002) than DVJs. SSVJs also demonstrated increased ankle plantarflexion at initial contact (IC) than DVJs (p = 0.005). L2s produced less peak hip (p = 0.007) and knee flexion (p = 0.002) than L1s. SSVJs and L2s displayed a more erect landing posture than the DVJs and L1s at the hip and knee, a known ACL risk factor. The significant results between jump styles show that the SSVJ displays mechanics that are different from the DVJ. The SSVJ may be a better sport-specific screening tool for ACL injury mechanisms than the DVJ in soccer athletes as it has a more direct translation to the sport.
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16
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Fujisaki K, Akasaka K, Otsudo T, Hattori H, Hasebe Y, Hall T. Effects of a Groin Pain Prevention Program in Male High School Soccer Players: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:841-850. [PMID: 35949380 PMCID: PMC9340824 DOI: 10.26603/001c.36631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Groin pain is frequently reported by soccer players. A prevention program incorporating the Copenhagen adduction exercise (CAE) has been shown effective in decreasing adductor muscle injury in semi-professional soccer players. However, the effect of such programs on groin pain in high school soccer players is unknown. No reports have examined the effects of combining the CAE with other targeted exercises such as the Nordic hamstrings exercise (NHE). Purpose To evaluate the preventative effects of exercise on groin pain in high school soccer players in three groups comprising NHE alone, combined NHE and CAE, and a control group. Design Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial spanning 16 weeks was conducted on 202 high school soccer players from seven high schools in a Japanese under 18 Soccer League. Players were allocated to either group A (three schools, 66 players) receiving the CAE alone, or group B (two schools, 73 players) receiving the CAE and NHE, or control group C (two schools, 63 players) who performed their usual training. This study compared the number of injuries, injury rate, and severity of the injury of groin pain in these three groups. Results The number of players injured was less in group B (4 players) compared to C (18 players), and time-lost to soccer was less in groups A (6 players) and B (3 players) compared to group C (16 players). Injury rates were significantly lower in groups A and B, with the relative risk of injury compared to group C of 0.42 (95% CI 0.19% to 0.90%) in group A and 0.19 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.54) in group B. Conclusion A 16-week program incorporating the CAE in training sessions in high school soccer players reduced the incidence of groin pain and which may be related to injury severity according to time -lost to soccer, however the combination of both the CAE and NHE may be more effective than the CAE alone. Level of Evidence 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fujisaki
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Physical Therapy, Ota College of Medical Technology
| | - Kiyokazu Akasaka
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; School of Physical therapy, Saitama Medical University
| | - Takahiro Otsudo
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; School of Physical therapy, Saitama Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Hattori
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; School of Physical therapy, Saitama Medical University
| | - Yuki Hasebe
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Toby Hall
- Curtin School Allied Health, Curtin University; Manual Concepts, Perth
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17
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Hertel G, Hochrein A, Suren C, Minzlaff P, Banke IJ, Willers J, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Prodinger PM. Injury incidence and specific injury patterns in app-based bodyweight training (Freeletics): results of an international survey with 3668 participants. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:145. [PMID: 35883184 PMCID: PMC9321304 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyze incidences and sport-specific injury patterns among users of a bodyweight-based training method instructed by a smartphone app (Freeletics Bodyweight App).
Methods An online questionnaire based on current validated epidemiological observation methods was designed using the statistic website Surveymonkey. Subscribers of the Freeletics Bodyweight App were contacted via an online link. Injury incidence, defined as an event leading to a training pause of at least 1 day, was recorded. The type of injury was reported and classified. Furthermore, all participants were asked whether they recognized any positive or negative effects on their subjective health status. The collected data were analyzed using Surveymonkey statistic services. Results A total of 4365 Freeletics users responded to the questionnaire, 3668 completed forms were subject of further investigation. The injury period prevalence reported by users of the Freeletics App was 24% in men and 21% in women. The most frequently reported site of injury was the shoulder (29%) and the knee joint (28%), with strains (28.5%) and other muscle injuries (14.4%) being the most frequently reported types of injuries. An injury incidence rate of 4.57 per 1000 h was calculated, with injuries occurring less frequently in experienced users. Most participants reported a distinct positive effect of the app-based training on their health status. Conclusion In comparison to other sports activities app-based bodyweight training is associated with a comparably low injury period prevalence. The vast majority of injuries were reported to have resolved within one week. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-022-00525-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hertel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - A Hochrein
- OCM Orthopädische Chirurgie München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Suren
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - P Minzlaff
- Krankenhaus Agatharied, Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Hausham, Germany
| | - I J Banke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - J Willers
- Städtisches Krankenhaus München-Bogenhausen, Orthopädie, Munich, Germany
| | - R von Eisenhart-Rothe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - P M Prodinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Krankenhaus Agatharied, Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Hausham, Germany
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Knee and hip agonist-antagonist relationship in male under-19 soccer players. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266881. [PMID: 35427407 PMCID: PMC9012372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength of the knee flexors and extensors and hip abductor and adductor muscles in young soccer players. Twenty-three male under-19 soccer players participated in this study (age: 17.7 ± 0.2 years; height: 173.0 ± 1.1 cm; body mass: 66.1 ± 1.3 kg). Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance (InBody770), and the dynamometry was performed by an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3) for knee flexion and extension, and by an isometric dynamometer (Smart Groin Trainer), for hip adduction and abduction. Comparisons were made between dominant members (D) vs. non-dominant members (ND) and adductors vs. abductors (ADD:ABD) using the Wilcoxon test. There were statistically significant differences in the peak torques between the dominant and non-dominant members in the flexion function (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) and in the extension function (Z = −4.197, p < 0.01) of the knee in concentric muscular action, and the flexion (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) and in the extension (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) of the knee in eccentric muscular action. No statistically significant differences were obtained in the conventional ratio (Z = −0.456, p = 0.648) nor the functional ratio (Z = −0.335, p = 0.738) between D and ND members. There were no statistically significant differences between adductors and abductors at the moment of strength for absolute values (N). The reference absolute and normalized to the weight values and the ADD:ABD can be used as a guideline for classifying players in screening and comparison in return tests to sports practice after an injury.
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Forsythe B, Knapik DM, Crawford MD, Diaz CC, Hardin D, Gallucci J, Silvers-Granelli HJ, Mandelbaum BR, Lemak L, Putukian M, Giza E. Incidence of Injury for Professional Soccer Players in the United States: A 6-Year Prospective Study of Major League Soccer. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671211055136. [PMID: 35360881 PMCID: PMC8961375 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211055136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite an abundance of injury research focusing on European professional
soccer athletes, there are limited injury data on professional soccer
players in the United States. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of injury across multiple years in Major League
Soccer (MLS) players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A web-based health management platform was used to prospectively collect
injury data from all MLS teams between 2014 and 2019. An injury was defined
as an incident that required medical attention and was recorded into the
health management platform anytime over the course of the 2014-2019 seasons.
Injuries and exposure data were recorded in training and match settings to
calculate injury incidence. Results: A total of 9713 injuries were recorded between 2014 and 2019. A mean 1.1
injuries per year per player were identified, with midfielders sustaining
the largest number of injuries. The most common injuries were hamstring
strains (12.3%), ankle sprains (8.5%), and adductor strains (7.6%). The mean
time missed per injury was 15.8 days, with 44.2% of injuries resulting in no
days missed. Overall injury incidence was 8.7 per 1000 hours of exposure,
declining over the course of the investigation, with a 4.1-times greater
mean incidence during matches (14.0/1000 h) than training (3.4/1000 h). Conclusion: Between 2014 and 2019, the most commonly reported injuries in MLS players
were hamstring strains, ankle sprains, and adductor strains. Injury
incidence during matches was 4.1 times greater when compared with training,
while overall injury incidence was found to decline during the course of the
study period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Holly Jacinda Silvers-Granelli
- Major League Soccer, New York, New York, USA
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric Giza
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, USA
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20
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Joo CH. Epidemiology of soccer injuries in Korea women national team for 5 years. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:68-73. [PMID: 35356138 PMCID: PMC8934616 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142698.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of injuries in female national soccer players. The injuries data were recorded by Korea Football Association medical staff using the Daily Medical Report provided by the Asian Football Confederation during a total 21 training camps and friendly and official matches from January 2014 to December 2018. A total of 483 players in the national team training camps and matches participated in the study, of which 377 players experienced more than one injury. Sports injuries accounted for 89% of the total 1,019 injuries; general diseases accounted for the remaining 11%. The number of injuries per 1,000 exposure hours was higher in matches than in training sessions. Most injuries that occurred during training and matches involved the lower extremities (79%). The most common injury diagnosed during training and matches was muscle rigidity (45%), followed by contusions/hematomas/bruises (22%) and sprain (15%). The largest proportions of injuries in terms of absence from soccer play were minimal injury (67%), followed by mild (29%), moderate (3.5%), and severe (1%). As conclusion, the characteristics of injuries during training sessions and matches were different. Rehabilitation and injury prevention programs need to developed for female soccer players to improve the players’ performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hwa Joo
- Corresponding author: Chang-Hwa Joo, Department of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Korea,
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21
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TEKYOL D, Akman G, Doğruyol S, Akbaş İ. Injuries in Recreational Footballers and the Severe Consequences of Player-to-Player Contact: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e21758. [PMID: 35251829 PMCID: PMC8889579 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Football is the most popular sport in the world with its wide audience and important economic effects. This game is mainly played by professional football players, it is also an activity that is frequently played by non-professionals. Although members of the public mostly engage in this sport as a hobby and to develop a healthy lifestyle, vital injuries, such as head and thorax trauma can also occur during these recreational activities. In this study, our aim was to identify these severe traumas, investigate their causes and mechanisms, and make suggestions to reduce trauma among recreational football players. Methods This prospectively designed study included players aged over 14 years who presented to the emergency department with an injury incurred during a recreational football match activity. The demographic characteristics of the patients, warm-up status, match conditions, field conditions, and injury mechanisms, as well as post-injury outcomes, were recorded and analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. Results There were 167 patients included in the study and 140 of these patients were eligible for the study. We identified 45 cases with poor outcomes such as pneumocephalus, rib fractures, pneumothorax, Achilles tendon rupture, and bone fractures. (32.1%). Factors that could have an effect on poor outcomes were determined as a pre-match warm-up, pre-match sleep duration, and suitability of equipment. Player-to-player contact was determined as a mechanism of head and thorax trauma. Conclusions It may be beneficial to inform recreational football players about how player-to-player contact can cause head and thoracic trauma and establish a database of sports injuries in hospitals.
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22
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Injuries and risk factors in professional football players during four consecutive seasons. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Ménard A, Begon M, Barrette J, Green B, Ballaz L, Nault M. Plantar pressure analysis: Identifying risk of foot and ankle injury in soccer players. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Laure Ménard
- Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
- CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal QC Canada
| | - Mickaël Begon
- Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
- CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal QC Canada
| | | | | | - Laurent Ballaz
- CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal QC Canada
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences UQAM Montréal QC Canada
| | - Marie‐Lyne Nault
- Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
- CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal QC Canada
- Hopital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montreal Montreal QC Canada
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24
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Domzalski ME, Pieta F, Przybylak K. The knee function of the soccer players after ACLR is comparable with non-injured controls: A case-control study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 29:23094990211036101. [PMID: 34590928 DOI: 10.1177/23094990211036101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many studies report a high primary success rate of ACL reconstruction (ACLR), with an increased risk of decline in knee performance correlating with the time passed since surgery. Only one study has compared male soccer players after ACLR to a matched control group of uninjured players in terms of their return to sport and performance. The purpose of this cross-sectional case-control study was to determine the knee performance between soccer players after ACLR and control group matched by age, sex, and professional experience. METHODS All the male professional soccer players aged 18-36 years at the time of injury, who sustained an ACL tear while playing league soccer in Poland between January 2008 and December 2011 were contacted and compared with age and experience-matched healthy control group selected from professional football players. KOOS, IKDC-2000, Lysholm and SF-36 scales were used for comparison. RESULTS The average follow-up was 7.9 years (range 6-9 years). The ACL-injured soccer players scored significantly lower in IKDC and Lysholm scores compared with the reference group but still were classified as normal knee function in both scales. In all five dimensions of the KOOS and subscales of SF-36 no apparent differences were noted. In all scales in the study group, no correlation was observed between the player's age and follow-up time after ACLR. CONCLUSION After ACL reconstruction and successful return to professional sport, knee function is as good as uninjured team members in the midterm follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin E Domzalski
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Medical University of Lodz, Veteran's Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland.,SPORTO Clinic, Lodz, Poland
| | - Filip Pieta
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Medical University of Lodz, Veteran's Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland.,Fizjomed Medical Centre, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przybylak
- SPORTO Clinic, Lodz, Poland.,Interventional Cardiology Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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25
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Belli E, Filipas L, LA Torre A, Vitale JA. Incidence of injuries in semi-professional soccer: a six-month retrospective study in the Italian fourth division. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:938-943. [PMID: 34651609 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world involving about 200 million athletes. Injury management in soccer is crucial for performance and for the costs related to rehabilitation and absence from official matches. While there is quite an exhaustive literature regarding injuries in professional soccer, for amateur soccer the incidence of injuries remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of injuries in the fourth Italian soccer division during the competitive season. METHODS Medical staff completed an injury report every two months during the competitive season of the fourth Italian soccer division (14 teams, n = 278). The specific description of the problem, player field-position, number of training losses and number of match losses were collected for each player. The time periods were September/October (T1) November/December (T2), January/February (T3). RESULTS A significant association between injury type and the period of the season was observed: muscle and tendon injuries were the most prevalent injury type (48.9 %) in all three periods (χ2 (10) = 33.86, p < 0.001). Overall, 108 (39.7 %) injuries occurred at T1, 90 (33.1 %) at T2 and 74 (27.2 %) at T3 (χ2 (12) = 20.32, p = 0.071). CONCLUSIONS Coaches and athletic trainers should be aware of this greater injury risk when preparing a training program for the season, to implement injury prevention protocols for the most prevalent injury types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Belli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy - .,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio LA Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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26
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Martín-López Á, Mendes RS, Castillo-Rodríguez A. Internal and External Loads in Training Week Before the Competition in U19 High-Level Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1766-1772. [PMID: 30557176 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Martín-López, Á, Mendes, RS, and Castillo-Rodríguez, A. Internal and external loads in training week before the competition in U19 high-level soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1766-1772, 2021-Nowadays, the information about the load in training sessions (TRs) and the relationship of these TRs with official competition are necessary to gain the sport success in soccer. The aim of this study was to quantify the different loads in TRs according to days before the competition (P-4, P-2, and P-1) on soccer players U19 based on their playing position and their sport success. Twenty-four male Spanish high-level players (age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years; height: 1.69 ± 0.04 m; and body mass: 63.0 ± 6.3 kg) participated in the study. They were grouped according to their playing position: external defenders, internal defenders (ID), external midfielders, internal midfielders (IM), and forwards (FO). To conduct the study, global positioning system technology was used, and a 1-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were performed. The main results revealed that the highest physical and physiological responses in the TRs were shown by ID, IM, and players without sport success (p < 0.05), and during P-2. In addition, sport success is predicted by the mean heart rate (R2 = 0.33; p < 0.001). As conclusion, players covering central positions in the playing field performed higher physical and physiological demands than players covering exterior or forward positions. Furthermore, physical and physiological responses during the TRs P-2 may be similar to the responses produced in competition match and are notably different depending on the sport success of the soccer player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martín-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ; and
| | - Rui Sousa Mendes
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, School of Education of Coimbra, Department of Education, IIA, Robocorp, ASSERT, Portugal
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27
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Comparison of Knee and Hip Kinematics during Landing and Cutting between Elite Male Football and Futsal Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050606. [PMID: 34070221 PMCID: PMC8158683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To design an accurate sport injury prevention program, alterations in the knee and hip kinematic variables involved in injury mechanisms should be known. The main purpose of the current study was to compare knee and hip kinematic variables during landing and cutting among male football and futsal players, and to discuss them within an injury description frame. Twenty football (20.5 ± 2.1 years., 74.5 ± 6.9 kg and 1.79 ± 0.07 m) and twenty futsal players (20.3 ± 2.0 years., 73.5 ± 7.1 kg and 1.78 ± 0.07 m), with at least three years’ experience of playing in the Kerman Province League, participated in this study. Hip flexion, knee flexion and knee valgus angle during two main movements with risk of injury, such as landing and cutting, were measured using a motion capture system with passive markers at 120-Hz sampling frequency. Landing and cutting maneuvers were administered in as natural way as possible. Results showed significant differences in landing and cutting maneuvers between groups in hip flexion, knee flexion and knee valgus angle. Results indicated that footballers have less extension of hip and knee joints than futsal players in landing maneuvers, which may be due to the higher requirement of jumping−landing maneuvers when playing football. In cutting maneuvers, footballers showed less hip and knee flexion than futsal players, whereas the knee valgus angle in cutting maneuvers was lower in futsal players. More information on the injury mechanisms of landing and cutting in football and futsal are needed to improve the design of injury prevention programs.
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28
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Xiao M, Lemos JL, Hwang CE, Sherman SL, Safran MR, Abrams GD. High Specialization among Female Youth Soccer Players Is Associated with an Increased Likelihood of Serious Injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2086-2092. [PMID: 33927169 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the associations between serious injury (≥3-month time loss) and level of specialization among high-level female soccer players and to compare the specialization and college commitment ages of female youth soccer players to Division I college and professional soccer athletes. METHODS Youth, college, and professional female soccer players in the United States playing in the top league at each level were recruited to complete an anonymous online survey. The survey collected information about player demographics, soccer specialization and training patterns, history of serious injuries from soccer, and perceptions surrounding soccer specialization. Comparisons between groups were performed using two-sample t-tests, χ2 analyses, and multiple logistic regression models controlling for differences in age. A P value of less than 0.05 was set as significant. RESULTS A total of 1,018 (767 youth, 251 college/professional) athletes completed the survey. Serious injuries affected 23.6% of youth and 51.4% of college/professional athletes. Anterior cruciate ligament tears were more prevalent in college/professional players compared with youth athletes (18.3% vs 4.0%; P < 0.001). Highly specialized youth athletes (66.5%) were more likely to have sustained a serious injury from soccer compared with athletes with low specialization (odds ratio, 2.28 (1.38-3.92); P = 0.008) but not moderate specialization (odds ratio, 1.37 (0.83-2.27); P = 0.43). A higher proportion of youth athletes specialized at a young age (≤10 yr) compared with college/professional players (44.2% vs 25.9%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High specialization in female youth soccer players is associated with an increased likelihood of sustaining a serious injury. Current youth soccer players are specializing earlier and committing to play college soccer at a younger age compared with when current college and professional players did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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29
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Hawrylak A, Brzeźna A, Chromik K. Distribution of Plantar Pressure in Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084173. [PMID: 33920849 PMCID: PMC8071114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the static and dynamic distribution of foot pressure on the ground and to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and mean variables of plantar pressure between soccer players and their non-athlete peers. (2) Methods: The study involved 18 first-division Polish soccer players and 30 non-athlete physiotherapy students. The research experiment was conducted using the FreeMed platform. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the variables. Additionally, in the static and dynamic tests, Spearman’s rank correlations between body mass index (BMI) and plantar load were calculated. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences between groups were observed in the loading of the dominant limb. A statistically significant correlation between BMI and loading of both limbs was found in the static test and between BMI and loading of the dominant limb in the dynamic test. (4) Conclusions: The baropodometric mat used in our study helped determine the plantar pressure distribution of soccer players and their non-athlete peers. Correlation analysis revealed that BMI was only associated with the mean plantar pressure of the dominant limb in the control group. Further research on a larger group of athletes is needed to determine how much sporting activity may affect the development to modifications within feet in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arletta Hawrylak
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, al. Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Brzeźna
- Physiotherapist, Private Practice, 2 rue Jacques Rodallec, 56110 Gourin, France;
| | - Krystyna Chromik
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, al. Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
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30
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Chandran A, Elmi A, Young H, DiPietro L. Determinants of lower-extremity injury severity and recovery in U.S. High School Soccer Players. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:272-282. [PMID: 33678082 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1895782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lower-extremity injuries are common among soccer players, yet few studies have attempted to identify determinants of lower-extremity injury severity and recovery within this group. We aim to identify determinants of lower-extremity injury severity and recovery among high school (HS) soccer players in the US. We used soccer-related injury observations recorded within the NATION-SP during 2011/12-2013/14. Odds of a season-ending game-related injury were higher than a season-ending practice-related injury (Adj. OR = 2.64, 95% CI = [1.39, 5.01]). Gender, setting, and playing surface emerged as significant determinants of any time loss following lower-extremity injuries in multivariable logistic regression models, and multivariable random effects Poisson regression models also revealed significant differences in recovery durations across levels of these variables for "similarly severe" injuries. Findings suggest that gender, injury setting, playing surface contribute to injury corollaries differently. Similar multi-method approaches are needed to identify determinants of injury severity and recovery in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Angelo Elmi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Heather Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Loretta DiPietro
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
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Implementing Strength Training Strategies for Injury Prevention in Soccer: Scientific Rationale and Methodological Recommendations. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:456-461. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the negative effects that injuries have on performance, club finances, and long-term player health (permanent disability after a severe injury), prevention strategies are an essential part of both sports medicine and performance. Purpose: To summarize the current evidence regarding strength training for injury prevention in soccer and to inform its evidence-based implementation in research and applied settings. Conclusions: The contemporary literature suggests that strength training, proposed as traditional resistance, eccentric, and flywheel training, may be a valid method to reduce injury risk in soccer players. Training strategies involving multiple components (eg, a combination of strength, balance, plyometrics) that include strength exercises are effective at reducing noncontact injuries in female soccer players. In addition, the body of research currently published supports the use of eccentric training in sports, which offers unique physiological responses compared with other resistance exercise modalities. It seems that the Nordic hamstring exercise, in particular, is a viable option for the reduction of hamstring injuries in soccer players. Moreover, flywheel training has specific training peculiarities and advantages that are related to the combination of both concentric and eccentric contraction, which may play an important role in injury prevention. It is the authors’ opinion that strength and conditioning coaches should integrate the strength training methods proposed here in their weekly training routine to reduce the likelihood of injuries in their players; however, further research is needed to verify the advantages and disadvantages of these training methods to injury prevention using specific cohorts of soccer players.
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32
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Mota GR, Santos IA, Marocolo M. Change in Soccer Substitutions Rule Due to COVID-19: Why Only Five Substitutions? Front Sports Act Living 2021; 2:588369. [PMID: 33521632 PMCID: PMC7844060 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.588369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Mota
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Izabela Aparecida Santos
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.,Exercise Physiology in Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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33
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Madić D, Obradović B, Golik-Perić D, Marinković D, Trajković N, Gojković Z. The isokinetic strength profile of semi-professional soccer players according to low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2020; 33:501-506. [PMID: 31524139 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-171109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soccer as a sport has a very high injury rate and low back pain (LBP) is considered to be the most common overuse injury typically occurring in the back and spine in elite soccer players. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate differences in knee muscle strength and muscle imbalances in soccer players according to lower back pain. METHODS One hundred and thirty-six male professional soccer players (20.49 ± 3.73 years, 76.57 ± 8.24 kg, 182.63 ± 6.73 cm) volunteered for the study. The isokinetic dynamometer PrimaDOC (EASYTECH, Italy) was used to assess the hamstring and quadriceps strength at the selected speeds of 60∘/s, whereas the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) was used as a health status measure to assess physical disability caused by low back pain. RESULTS A univariate analysis of variance has shown that there is a statistically significant difference among the groups divided into Absolute peak torque right knee flexors, Absolute peak torque left knee flexors, Ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps strength right leg, and Ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps strength left leg based on the RDQ scores. On the other hand, no other significant differences among the groups were found in other parametersCONCLUSION: The current study indicates that knee muscle strength variables, resulting from an isokinetic testing, have the potential to discriminate between soccer players with and without a history of low back pain. However, low back pain is a multidimensional phenomenon and knee muscle strength or imbalance alone cannot be expected to explain low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Madić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Borislav Obradović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Golik-Perić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragan Marinković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gojković
- Government of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Provincial Secretariat for Health Care, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Mota GR, dos Santos IA, Arriel RA, Marocolo M. Is It High Time to Increase Elite Soccer Substitutions Permanently? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197008. [PMID: 32992687 PMCID: PMC7579365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rules determine how team sport matches occur. Match-induced fatigue is specific to each sport, and may be associated with injury incidence. For example, the injury rate in soccer is distinctly higher during matches than in training sessions. Understanding the differences between team sports rules might be useful for enhancing rules (e.g., safer sport). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the rule-induced physical demands between soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball, focusing on substitution rules. Data from the elite team sports' rules (e.g., absolute and relative court dimensions; the number of players, substitutions allowed, total game time, time-outs) were collected, including the changes due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in soccer substitutions, and comparisons were performed. The data showed that soccer has higher rule-induced physical demands: e.g., substantially lower substitution rate, higher dimensions in absolute (eight to fifteen times), and relative (four to eight times) values. Simulations also showed that soccer has extremely large differences, even considering COVID-19 substitution changes (from three to up to five). We conclude that elite soccer has remarkably higher overall rule-induced physical demands than elite futsal, basketball and handball, and increasing soccer substitutions permanently (e.g., unlimited) might mitigate overall soccer demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R. Mota
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-350, Brazil; (G.R.M.); (I.A.d.S.)
| | - Izabela Aparecida dos Santos
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-350, Brazil; (G.R.M.); (I.A.d.S.)
- Exercise Physiology in Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba 38055-500, Brazil
| | - Rhaí André Arriel
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 360360-900, Brazil;
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 360360-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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Clark D, Goodwin PC. Rehabilitation of Watson-Jones proximal tibial avulsion injury in elite academy level football: A report of two separate cases in one season. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 46:23-29. [PMID: 32871361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Watson-Jones proximal tibial avulsion injuries occur more frequently in athletic and muscular adolescent males. However, they are rare and therefore infrequently described in the medical literature. Two of these injuries occurred in a Category 1 football academy in the same season within a six-month period. We have described the cases with the hope of better informing other clinicians should they encounter this injury. METHODS This case report describes the injury mechanism, surgical management and rehabilitation for the two cases [Players A and B]. Outcomes measures including player speed, agility and power were compared with scores from players of the same age group at the time of injury in the Premier League academies. Risk factors are also discussed. RESULTS Both players were managed surgically, initially. Player B had the surgical fixation removed during rehabilitation. Player A still has the fixation in situ. Post-surgery, player A returned to full play at thirty-two weeks and thirty-eight weeks for player B. No critical incidents occurred during rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Watson-Jones avulsion fractures, although rare, can be managed successfully. Athletes can achieve a successful return to play at their previous level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Clark
- Manchester City Football Club, 400 Ashton New Road, Manchester, M11 4TQ, UK.
| | - P C Goodwin
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, 53 Bonsall St Manchester, M15 6GX, UK.
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Using Behavioral Skills Training With Video Feedback to Prevent Risk of Injury in Youth Female Soccer Athletes. Behav Anal Pract 2020; 13:811-819. [PMID: 33269191 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Female athletes are at a greater risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than males. Current training programs for ACL injury reduction focus on muscle strengthening, appropriate movement patterns, and balance training. However, there is limited research on effective strategies to teach youth female soccer athletes how to properly perform desired movements associated with a decreased risk of ACL injuries. Behavioral skills training (BST) programs have been shown to be effective in teaching a wide variety of skills, but research on applications to sports is limited. This study evaluated a BST package for teaching a stepwise agility program to 3 youth female soccer athletes that consisted of verbal instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, which included video replay. Results showed a significant improvement in the number of steps the participants performed correctly relative to baseline, as well as maintenance of skills at follow-up. Implications for coaches and athletes, as well as limitations and directions for future research, are discussed.
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Increased visual distraction can impair landing biomechanics. Biol Sport 2020; 38:123-127. [PMID: 33795921 PMCID: PMC7996376 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.97070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Failed jump landings represent a key mechanism of musculoskeletal trauma. It has been speculated that cognitive dual-task loading during the flight phase may moderate the injury risk. This study aimed to explore whether increased visual distraction can compromise landing biomechanics. Twenty-one healthy, physically active participants (15 females, 25.8 ± 0.4 years) completed a series of 30 counter-movement jumps (CMJ) onto a capacitive pressure platform. In addition to safely landing on one leg, they were required to memorize either one, two or three jersey numbers shown during the flight phase (randomly selected and equally balanced over all jumps). Outcomes included the number of recall errors as well as landing errors and three variables of landing kinetics (time to stabilization/TTS, peak ground reaction force/pGRF, length of the centre of pressure trace/COPT). Differences between the conditions were calculated using the Friedman test and the post hoc Bonferroni-Holm corrected Wilcoxon test. Regardless of the condition, landing errors remained unchanged (p = .46). In contrast, increased visual distraction resulted in a higher number of recall errors (chi2 = 13.3, p = .001). Higher cognitive loading, furthermore, appeared to negatively impact mediolateral COPT (p < .05). Time to stabilization (p = .84) and pGRF (p = .78) were unaffected. A simple visual distraction in a controlled experimental setting is sufficient to adversely affect landing stability and task-related short-term memory during CMJ. The ability to precisely perceive the environment during movement under time constraints may, hence, represent a new injury risk factor and should be investigated in a prospective trial.
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Mandroukas A, Metaxas TI, Michailidis Y, Christoulas K, Heller J. The effects of soccer training in aerobic capacity between trained and untrained adolescent boys of the same biological age. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:252-260. [PMID: 32674539 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of soccer training on maximal oxygen uptake and anthropometric characteristics in different ages of soccer players and untrained adolescents of the same biological age. METHODS A total of one hundred and twenty-six (N.=126) young soccer players and untrained boys throughout the developmental ages of 12 (soccer players N.=22; untrained boys = 22) 14 (soccer players N.=20; untrained boys = 18) and 16 (soccer players N.=22; untrained boys = 22) volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation was classified according to Tanner's stages. Soccer players participated both in their school's physical education program and in a soccer training program, while the untrained participated only in their school's physical education program. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements and performed a maximal exercise test on a motor driven treadmill to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2<inf>max</inf>) and cardiorespiratory indices. Blood lactate (BL) concentration was determined in the 5th minute of recovery using a lactate photometer. RESULTS The trained group showed significantly higher V̇O2<inf>max</inf>, in absolute and relative values (P<0.001), BL<inf>max</inf> (P<0.05) and maximal respiratory exchange ratio (RER<inf>max</inf>) (P<0.05) compared to the untrained group. Resting heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower (P<0.05) for the trained compared to untrained. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that systematic soccer training has a positive effect in the central cardiovascular system expressed as V̇O2<inf>max</inf>, HR and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas I Metaxas
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yiannis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece -
| | - Kosmas Christoulas
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jan Heller
- Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lee I, Jeong HS, Lee SY. Injury Profiles in Korean Youth Soccer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5125. [PMID: 32708572 PMCID: PMC7400017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze injury profiles and injury severity in Korean youth soccer players. Data on all injuries that occurred in U-15 youth soccer players during the 2019 season were collected from 681 players of 22 teams through a medical questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on injury surveillance procedures of the Federation International de Football Association Medical and Research Centre and International Olympic Committee, and it comprised questions on demographic characteristics, training conditions, and injury information. Among all players, defenders accounted for 33.0%, followed by attackers (30.7%), midfielders (26.8%), and goalkeepers (7.9%). Most players played soccer on artificial grounds (97.4%). Injuries occurred more frequently during training (56.3%) than during matches (43.7%). Recurrent injury rate was 4.4% and average days to return to full activities were 22.58. The ankle (26.6%) and knee joints (14.1%) were the most common injury locations, and ligament sprains (21.0%), contusions (15.6%), and fractures (13.9%) were the most frequent injury types. In conclusion, Korean youth soccer players have a high injury risk. Therefore, researchers and coaching staff need to consider these results as a key to prevent injuries in youth soccer players and injury prevention programs may help decrease injury rate by providing injury management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inje Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre KOREA, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hee Seong Jeong
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre KOREA, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sae Yong Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre KOREA, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Effects of Taping and Balance Exercises on Knee and Lower-Extremity Function in Amateur Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:626-632. [PMID: 31094640 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Knee injury prevention is a critical aspect in sport rehabilitation sciences, and taping is a widely used technique in this field. Nevertheless, the role and effectiveness of a long-term application of Kinesio Taping (KT) on knee function, disability, and injury prevention remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of KT, alone or in combination with balance exercises (BE), on dynamic and static knee balance and flexibility. DESIGN Randomized trial design. SETTING University of Valencia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS Forty-eight male amateur soccer players. INTERVENTION Participants were assigned to 3 groups: Sham KT (sKT) + BE, KT + BE, and KT in isolation. The intervention period lasted 4 weeks. Three evaluations were performed: at baseline (pre), at 2 weeks (mid), and at 4 weeks posttreatment (post). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Y Balance Test, unipedal stance test, the toe touch test, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. RESULTS Both sKT + BE and KT + BE groups achieved significant pre-post improvements in SEBT, unipedal stance test, and toe touch test. The KT group only showed significant intragroup differences in the left and right unipedal stance test variable (P < .05, d = 0.76, d = 0.62, respectively). The sham KT group obtained the strongest results in all physical variables. Regarding the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, pre-post significant changes were found in the sham group (P < .05, d = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS Both sham and real KT in combination with BE achieved significant improvements on all physical variables, and these differences were significantly greater compared with those found in the KT in the isolation group, suggesting that benefits in knee function are due to the BE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapy level 1b.
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López-Valenciano A, Ruiz-Pérez I, Garcia-Gómez A, Vera-Garcia FJ, De Ste Croix M, Myer GD, Ayala F. Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:711-718. [PMID: 31171515 PMCID: PMC9929604 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in professional male football. METHOD Forty-four studies have reported the incidence of injuries in football. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Studies were combined in a pooled analysis using a Poisson random effects regression model. RESULTS The overall incidence of injuries in professional male football players was 8.1 injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Match injury incidence (36 injuries/1000 hours of exposure) was almost 10 times higher than training injury incidence rate (3.7 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). Lower extremity injuries had the highest incidence rates (6.8 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). The most common types of injuries were muscle/tendon (4.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure), which were frequently associated with traumatic incidents. Minor injuries (1-3 days of time loss) were the most common. The incidence rate of injuries in the top 5 European professional leagues was not different to that of the professional leagues in other countries (6.8 vs 7.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Professional male football players have a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, especially during matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Valenciano
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Isabel I de Castilla, Burgos, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Pérez
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - Mark De Ste Croix
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Gregory D Myer
- Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Francisco Ayala
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
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Effects of maturation on knee biomechanics during cutting and landing in young female soccer players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233701. [PMID: 32453805 PMCID: PMC7250454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Young female soccer players are at high risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury due to the fast-paced nature of the sport and surplus of unplanned movements during play. Neuromuscular training programs that aim to reduce this injury by targeting the associated biomechanical movements are a potential solution. While previous studies have examined the lack of dynamic knee control during landing, there are few that outline the role that maturation can play during unanticipated cutting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if young female soccer players across multiple phases of maturation exhibited the before seen differences in knee control during a drop landing as well as an unanticipated cutting task. 139 female soccer players volunteered to participate in this study and were classified in three maturational groups based on percent adult stature: prepubertal (PRE), pubertal (PUB), and post-pubertal (POST). Each group performed a drop vertical jump (DVJ) and an unanticipated cutting task (CUT). Standard 3D motion capture techniques were used to determine peak knee flexion/abduction angles and moments during each task. Within tasks, POST exhibited significantly greater peak abduction angles and moments compared to PUB/PRE. While each maturational group exhibited greater peak knee abduction angles during the DVJ compared to the CUT, peak knee abduction moments during the CUT were greater compared to the DVJ. Participants within each maturational group exhibited greater knee flexion during the DVJ compared to the CUT, however there were no differences identified between groups. During both tasks, POST/PUB exhibited greater peak knee flexion moments compared to PRE, as well as POST compared to PUB. Overall, each group exhibited significantly greater peak knee flexion moments during the CUT compared to the DVJ. These observed differences indicate the need for neuromuscular training programs that target both jumping and cutting techniques to reduce ACL injuries.
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Zaki P, Khakimov S, Hess J, Hennrikus W. Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Fractures Secondary to Youth Soccer: A Descriptive Study and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2020; 12:e8185. [PMID: 32566426 PMCID: PMC7301417 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Soccer is the most popular sport in the world and is one of the top sports with increased participation. Despite the vast and increasing numbers of soccer players, limited data are available on pediatric lower extremity injuries. In particular, the purpose of the study is to describe the epidemiology of femur, tibia, and fibula fractures secondary to youth soccer. Methods A retrospective review concerning soccer-related femur, tibia, and fibula fractures was conducted in children under the age of 18 years from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2015 with statewide data from the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation (PTSF), Mechanicsburg, PA. Results A total of 258 youth soccer players were admitted for femur, tibia, and fibula fractures from 2000 to 2015. These fractures constituted 33% of soccer-related injuries in youth admitted at trauma centers. Sixty-five percent of the fractures involved the tibia and 34% involved the femur. Body contact injury resulted in 54% of the fractures and non-body contact injury resulted in 46% of the fractures. Athletes the age of 13 and older sustained 67% of the fractures and were more likely to incur contact injuries (p-value=0.000041) than those less than 13. Males sustained 67% of the fractures, and gender was not associated with the mechanism of injury (p-value=0.43). Open fractures included 10% of tibia fractures and did not occur in femur fractures. The growth plate was involved in 24% of the femur fractures and 17% of the tibia fractures. Conclusion Youth soccer has the potential for serious femur, tibia, and fibula fractures. Intervention programs should aim at reducing non-body contact mechanism in children < 13 years of age and body contact mechanism in children ≥ 13 years of age. Further research should investigate injury prevention methods such as potentially reducing body contact mechanism by improving the effectiveness of shin guards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zaki
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA.,Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sayyar Khakimov
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Joseph Hess
- Pediatric Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - William Hennrikus
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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Onofrei RR, Amaricai E, Petroman R, Surducan D, Suciu O. Preseason Dynamic Balance Performance in Healthy Elite Male Soccer Players. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319831920. [PMID: 30776956 PMCID: PMC6775551 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319831920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in sports are linked with balance abnormalities and altered postural control. Dynamic balance screening should be performed in order to identify athletes at risk. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the preseason dynamic balance performance and side-to-side asymmetry of healthy elite male soccer players, using modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT). Seventy-three elite soccer players (23.8 ± 5.4 years) were evaluated using the mSEBT. Normalized reach distances, side-to-side asymmetries, and composite scores were determined. The composite scores were 93.33% ± 8.99% for dominant leg and 93.36% ± 9.23% for nondominant leg. No significant differences were found between dominant and nondominant limb in any direction. The mSEBT is an easy-to-use tool to measure the dynamic balance performance in elite athletes. It can be applied successfully during preseason physical examinations. Future studies are needed to establish predictive cutoff points in order to increase mSEBT use in screening soccer players for dynamic balance abnormalities and identify those at risk for noncontact lower limb injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Ramona Onofrei
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania.,2 "Pius Brinzeu" Emergency County Hospital Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Amaricai
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania.,3 "Luis Turcanu" Emergency Children's Hospital Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Petroman
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania.,2 "Pius Brinzeu" Emergency County Hospital Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dan Surducan
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Suciu
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
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Taş S, Özkan Ö, Karaçoban L, Dönmez G, Çetin A, Korkusuz F. Knee muscle and tendon stiffness in professional soccer players: a shear-wave elastography study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:276-281. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lucasti CJ, Dworkin M, Warrender WJ, Winters B, Cohen S, Ciccotti M, Pedowitz D. Ankle and Lower Leg Injuries in Professional Baseball Players. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:908-915. [PMID: 32167841 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520902135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle and lower leg injuries are very common in sports, and numerous studies have discussed their diagnosis and management. Our study differs in that we report lower leg injuries in professional baseball players spanning the 2011-2016 seasons by utilizing a comprehensive injury surveillance system developed by Major League Baseball (MLB). PURPOSE To determine the injury characteristics of ankle and lower leg injuries in professional baseball players during the 2011-2016 seasons by utilizing the MLB injury surveillance system. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Our study is a descriptive epidemiological evaluation through a retrospective review of injury data from the MLB Health and Injury Tracking System (HITS) since its implementation in 2010. We included any professional baseball player (MLB and Minor League Baseball [MiLB]) who was identified as having an ankle or lower leg injury between January 1, 2011, and February 28, 2017. RESULTS Over the study period, there were a total of 4756 injuries, of which 763 (16%) occurred in MLB players and 3993 (84%) occurred in MiLB players. The mean number of days missed for all players was 27.8 ± 141.4 days, with a median of 3 days. From 2011 through 2016, it was estimated that there were 414,912 athlete exposures (AEs) in MLB and 1,796,607 AEs in MiLB. Of the 4756 injuries recorded, 550 (12%) took place during the MLB regular season, and 3320 (70%) took place during the MiLB regular season. Injuries in MLB players, however, were 1.7 times more likely to require surgery (P < .001). Additionally, rates of injury to the lower leg were stratified by position, with infield players experiencing injuries at a 1.6 times greater rate than any other position (P < .001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this is the only epidemiological study to focus primarily on ankle and lower leg injuries in professional baseball players, utilizing an injury surveillance system developed by MLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lucasti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Myles Dworkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William J Warrender
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Winters
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Ciccotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Pedowitz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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The effect of low back pain and lower limb injury on lumbar multifidus muscle morphology and function in university soccer players. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:96. [PMID: 32050966 PMCID: PMC7017535 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-3119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) plays a critical role to stabilize the spine. While low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in soccer players, few studies have examined LMM characteristics in this athletic population and their possible associations with LBP and lower limb injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) investigate LMM characteristics in university soccer players and their potential association with LBP and lower limb injury; 2) examine the relationship between LMM characteristics and body composition measurements; and 3) examine seasonal changes in LMM characteristics. Methods LMM ultrasound assessments were acquired in 27 soccer players (12 females, 15 males) from Concordia University during the preseason and assessments were repeated in 18 players at the end of the season. LMM cross-sectional area (CSA), echo-intensity and thickness at rest and during contraction (e.g. function) were assessed bilaterally in prone and standing positions, at the L5-S1 spinal level. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the history of LBP and lower limb injury. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to acquire body composition measurements. Results Side-to-side asymmetry of the LMM was significantly greater in males (p = 0.02). LMM thickness when contracted in the prone position (p = 0.04) and LMM CSA in standing (p = 0.02) were also significantly greater on the left side in male players. The LMM % thickness change during contraction in the prone position was significantly greater in players who reported having LBP in the previous 3-months (p < 0.001). LMM CSA (r = − 0.41, p = 0.01) and echo-intensity (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) were positively correlated to total % body fat. There was a small decrease in LMM thickness at rest in the prone position over the course of the season (p = 0.03). Conclusions The greater LMM contraction in players with LBP may be a maladaptive strategy to splint and project the spine. LMM morphology measurements were correlated to body composition. The results provide new insights with regards to LMM morphology and activation in soccer players and their associations with injury and body composition measurements.
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Editorial Commentary: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction in Soccer Players: The Major Challenge Is Always Going for Our Goals! Arthroscopy 2020; 36:196-198. [PMID: 31864576 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury affects a large number of athletes worldwide, and long-term rate of return to soccer is approximately 50% or less. ACL injury, which is noncontact in approximately 90% of cases, has a complex multifactorial etiology. Younger and higher-level players do better, and 10-year outcomes are superior to baseline. The role of genomics, hormonal status, neuromuscular deficiencies, anatomy, and the environment are all potential contributory risk factors that vary with respect to the individual, especially the female athlete. Furthermore, ACL injury results in a local and regional catabolic cascade and cytokine release, creating an intra-articular environment that is a homeostatic perfect storm and spectrum of scalable articular cartilage and meniscal injury. Once these complexities in the knee organ are defined and understood, the surgeon's early objectives are stabilization, repair, and restoration with full harmonization of biomechanics, neuromuscular control, and homeostasis. The goal is optimizing long-term outcomes, decreasing the rate of subsequent ACL injury, and preventing osteoarthritis.
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The Association of Emotional Intelligence with Sport Injuries and Receiving Penalty Cards Among Iranian Professional Soccer Players. Asian J Sports Med 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.97321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Glassbrook DJ, Fuller JT, Alderson JA, Doyle TLA. Foot accelerations are larger than tibia accelerations during sprinting when measured with inertial measurement units. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:248-255. [PMID: 31726955 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1692997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Accelerometers are often placed on the tibia to measure segmental accelerations, and external mechanical load during running. However, in applied sport settings it is sometimes preferable to place accelerometers on the dorsal foot to avoid tibial impact injuries. This study aimed to quantify the differences in accelerations measured at the dorsal foot compared with the distal tibia during running. Sixteen recreationally active participants performed a sprint protocol on a non-motorised treadmill. Accelerometers were positioned bilaterally on the medial tibia (TIBLeft and TIBRight), and bilateral dorsal foot surfaces (DORLeft and DORRight). Continuous acceleration signal waveform analysis was performed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (1DSPM). Resultant accelerations were greater for DORLeft than TIBLeft for 60% of the gait cycle (p < 0.001) and greater for DORRight than TIBRight for 50% of the gait cycle (p < 0.003). The larger accelerations at the dorsal foot than the tibia can be explained by movement at the ankle joint, and the placement location relative to the hip. The dorsal foot location can be used to effectively measure accelerations and external mechanical load when it is not feasible to place the accelerometer on the tibia, however results between the two locations should not be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel T Fuller
- Department of Health Professions, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Tim L A Doyle
- Department of Health Professions, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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