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Guo H, Li P, Zhao J, Xin Q, Miao Y, Li L, Li X, Wang S, Mo H, Zeng L, Ju Z, Liu Z, Shen X, Cong W. Sheng Mai Yin shows anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia and cardioprotective potential in an experimental joint model of fatigue and acute myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117338. [PMID: 37890804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and fatigue are two common diseases endangering human life and health that may interact and reinforce one another. Myocardial infarction survivors frequently experience fatigue, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases that cause fatigue-induced sudden death. Sheng Mai Yin (SMY), a Chinese medicine prescription, is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and has been demonstrated to reduce fatigue and safeguard cardiac function. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of SMY in treating fatigue and AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacological mechanisms of SMY in treating fatigue and AMI were predicted by bioinformatics and network pharmacology methods. After administering SMY at high, medium and low doses, the swimming time to exhaustion, hemoglobin level, serological parameters and hypoxia tolerance time were detected in C57BL/6N mice, and the left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), grasp strength, cardiac histopathology, serological parameters and the expression of PINK1 and Parkin proteins were examined in Wistar rats. RESULTS 371 core targets for SMY and 282 disease targets for fatigue and AMI were obtained using bioinformatics and network pharmacology methods. Enrichment analysis of target genes revealed that SMY might interfere with fatigue and AMI through biological processes such as mitochondrial autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. For in vivo experiments, SMY showed significant anti-fatigue and hypoxia tolerance effects in mice; It also improved the cardiac function and grasp strength, decreased their cardiac index, myocardial injury and fibrosis degree, and induced serological parameters levels and the expression of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin proteins in myocardium, suggesting that SMY may exert cardioprotective effects in a joint rat model of fatigue and AMI by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial autophagy. CONCLUSION This study revealed the anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia and cardioprotective effects of SMY in a joint model of fatigue-AMI, and the pharmacological mechanism may be related to the inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy in cardiomyocytes through the PINK1/Parkin pathway. The discoveries may provide new ideas for the mechanism study of traditional Chinese medicine, especially complex prescriptions, in treating fatigue and AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Pengqi Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Li Li
- Chenland Research Institute, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Chenland Research Institute, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | | | - Hui Mo
- Macao Health Bureau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zimin Liu
- Chenland Research Institute, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA.
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Sato S, Nakaji S, Sawada K, Akimoto N, Tateda T, Kaizuka M, Sasada T, Nomiya H, Igarashi G, Iino C, Chinda D, Mikami T, Sakuraba H, Fukuda S. Association between reactive oxygen species production in neutrophils and liver fibrosis in the general population. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:214-220. [PMID: 37970548 PMCID: PMC10636577 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils, has harmful effects on the liver and various other organs. However, little is known about the association between liver fibrosis and ROS levels in neutrophils in the general population. This large-scale epidemiological study aimed to determine the association between liver fibrosis and neutrophil-generated ROS levels according to age and sex in the general population. This cross-sectional study included 1,000 participants from a district health promotion project. Participants were grouped based on sex (male; female) and age (young, <65 years; old, ≥65 years). The four groups were as follows: male, young (n = 289); male, old (n = 100); female, young (n = 425); and female, old (n = 186). Liver fibrosis was assessed using the fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS). Basal and stimulated ROS were considered in the analysis. Multiple linear analyses showed (1) significant positive correlations between all liver fibrosis scores and basal ROS in the young groups, and (2) significant negative correlations between NFS and stimulated ROS in females. Preventing liver fibrosis through neutrophil-related immune system enhancement may avert the development of lifestyle-related diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Center of Healthy Aging Innovation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Center of Healthy Aging Innovation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Naoki Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Tateda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kaizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sasada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Go Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Chikara Iino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Center of Healthy Aging Innovation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Millet GP, Brocherie F, Burtscher J. Olympic Sports Science-Bibliometric Analysis of All Summer and Winter Olympic Sports Research. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:772140. [PMID: 34746779 PMCID: PMC8564375 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.772140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The body of scientific literature on sports and exercise continues to expand. The summer and winter Olympic games will be held over a 7-month period in 2021-2022. Objectives: We took this rare opportunity to quantify and analyze the main bibliometric parameters (i.e., the number of articles and citations) across all Olympic sports to weigh and compare their importance and to assess the structure of the "sport sciences" field. The present review aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of Olympic sports research. We quantified the following topics: (1) the most investigated sports; (2) the main journals in which the studies are published; (3) the main factors explaining sport-specific scientific attractiveness; (4) the influence of being in the Olympic programme, economic weight, and local influences on research output; and (5) which research topic is the most investigated across sports. Methods: We searched 116 sport/exercise journals on PubMed for the 40 summer and 10 winter Olympic sports. A total of 34,038 articles were filtered for a final selection of 25,003 articles (23,334 articles on summer sports and 1,669 on winter sports) and a total of 599,820 citations. Results and Discussion: Nine sports [football (soccer), cycling, athletics, swimming, distance & marathon running, basketball, baseball, tennis, and rowing] were involved in 69% of the articles and 75% of the citations. Football was the most cited sport, with 19.7 and 26.3% of the total number of articles and citations, respectively. All sports yielded some scientific output, but 11 sports (biathlon, mountain biking, archery, diving, trampoline, skateboarding, skeleton, modern pentathlon, luge, bobsleigh, and curling) accumulated a total of fewer than 50 publications. While ice hockey is the most prominently represented winter sport in the scientific literature, winter sports overall have produced minor scientific output. Further analyses show a large scientific literature on team sports, particularly American professional sports (i.e., baseball, basketball, and ice hockey) and the importance of inclusion in the Olympic programme to increasing scientific interest in "recent" sports (i.e., triathlon and rugby sevens). We also found local/cultural influence on the occurrence of a sport in a particular "sport sciences" journal. Finally, the relative distribution of six main research topics (i.e., physiology, performance, training and testing, injuries and medicine, biomechanics, and psychology) was large across sports and reflected the specific performance factors of each sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Muscle Markers in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents. Asian J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed was to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) levels and muscle markers in healthy children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among school students from Isfahan, Iran. Using cluster sampling, 159 students aged 7 to 18 years were selected. In addition to the physical examination, the PA level was assessed using a valid questionnaire. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test. Results: The samples included 79 girls and 80 boys with a mean age (standard deviation) of 12.72 (3.06) years and a mean body mass index of 18.30 (3.70) kg/m2. The mean AST and CPK were significantly higher in boys than in girls (P < 0.05). Participants with higher PA levels had significantly lower LDH and ALT than other participants (-0.20, P = 0.003, and 0.044 P = 0.295, respectively). There was no significant relationship between PA level and muscle enzyme levels. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that higher PA level was associated with lower serum muscle markers other than LDH. This suggests that the best types of PA for children and adolescents are those activities with rest sets to prevent muscle damage.
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Association between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Neutrophils in the General Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113222. [PMID: 33105547 PMCID: PMC7690262 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the general population. Therefore this study aimed to describe the association of PUFAs with ROS according to age and sex in the general population and to determine whether PUFA levels are indicators of ROS. This cross-sectional study included 895 participants recruited from a 2015 community health project. Participants were divided into 6 groups based on sex and age (less than 45 years old (young), aged 45–64 years (middle-aged), and 65 years or older (old)) as follows: male, young (n = 136); middle-aged (n = 133); old (n = 82); female, young (n = 159); middle-aged (n = 228); and old (n = 157). The PUFAs measured were arachidonic acid (AA), dihomo gamma linolenic acid (DGLA), AA/DGLA ratio, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ROS considered in the analysis were basal ROS and stimulated ROS levels. Multiple linear analyses showed: (1) significant correlations between PUFA levels, especially DGLA and AA/DGLA ratio, and neutrophil function in the young and middle-aged groups; (2) no significant correlations in old age groups for either sex. Because PUFAs have associated with the ROS production, recommendation for controlled PUFA intake from a young age should be considered.
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Chinda D, Shimoyama T, Arai T, Sawada K, Akitaya K, Kudo S, Yasuda K, Miyazawa K, Akimoto N, Sato S, Hayamizu S, Tatsuta T, Kikuchi H, Hiraga H, Sawaya M, Sakuraba H, Mikami T, Nakaji S, Fukuda S. Usefulness of serum opsonic activity measured by chemiluminescence method to assess the invasiveness of colorectal endoscopic mucosal dissection. Free Radic Res 2019; 54:810-817. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1681590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Tetsu Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Akitaya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sae Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Miyazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shiro Hayamizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tatsuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hidezumi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Sawaya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Blood Biomarkers of Recovery Efficiency in Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183279. [PMID: 31500120 PMCID: PMC6765883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise strongly affects human metabolism and causes biochemical changes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between routine plasma biomarker levels and recovery efficiency in soccer players during an entire competitive match season. The players participating in the study were divided into a midfielder/defender group (seven midfielders and seven defenders) and a goalie/substitute group (six persons—goalkeepers and players with a short cumulative match-time). The fasting capillary blood samples were taken 17–24 h after each competitive match. The blood plasma was used to determine the creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, iron and magnesium levels of the athletes. The levels of (AST) (aspartate aminotransferase), (ALT) (alanine aminotransferase) and (Cr) creatinine were higher in the midfielder/defender group than in the control group, but only AST and Cr significantly varied over time (AST decreased, and Cr increased with time). The (LDH) (lactate dehydrogenase) activity and urea level were significantly lower in the midfielder/defender group than in the goalie/substitute group, and it significantly varied over time (LDH decreased, and urea increased with time). No differences in the (CK) creatine kinase and (ALP) alkaline phosphatase activities between the groups was found, although CK increased significantly with time in the midfielder/defender group (particularly midfielders in the spring round). In midfielders, the AST activity and the iron level were significantly lower in the spring than in the autumn round. On the contrary, ALT, CK, urea and magnesium levels were significantly higher in the spring than in autumn round. A long-term measurement of biochemical parameters in elite soccer players indicated that AST, CK, LDH and creatinine levels, when analyzed together, could constitute a useful set of markers for monitoring recovery periods.
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High Match Load’s Relation to Decreased Well-Being During an Elite Women’s Rugby Sevens Tournament. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:1036-1042. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During rugby sevens tournaments, it is crucial to balance match load and recovery to strive for optimal performance. Purpose: To determine changes in well-being, recovery, and neuromuscular performance during and after an elite women’s rugby sevens tournament and assess the influence of match-load indicators. Methods: Twelve elite women rugby sevens players (age = 25.3 [4.1]y, height = 169.0 [4.0] cm, weight = 63.9 [4.9] kg, and body fat = 18.6% [2.7%]) performed 5 matches during a 2-d tournament of the Women’s Rugby Sevens World Series. Perceived well-being (fatigue, sleep quality, general muscle soreness, stress levels, and mood), total quality of recovery, and countermovement-jump flight time were measured on match days 1 and 2, 1 d posttournament, and 2 d posttournament. Total distance; low-, moderate-, and high-intensity running; and physical contacts during matches were derived from global positioning system–based time–motion analysis and video-based notational analysis, respectively. Internal match load was calculated by session rating of perceived exertion and playing time (rating of perceived exertion × duration). Results: Well-being (P < .001), fatigue (P < .001), general muscle soreness (P < .001), stress levels (P < .001), mood (P = .005), and total quality of recovery (P < .001) were significantly impaired after match day 1 and did not return to baseline values until 2 d posttournament. More high-intensity running was related to more fatigue (r = −.60, P = .049) and a larger number of physical contacts with more general muscle soreness (r = −.69, P = .013). Conclusion: Perceived well-being and total quality of recovery were already impaired after match day 1, although performance was maintained. High-intensity running and physical contacts were predominantly related to fatigue and general muscle soreness, respectively.
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Arai T, Chinda D, Shimoyama T, Sawada K, Akitaya K, Miyazawa K, Akimoto N, Sato S, Hayamizu S, Tatsuta T, Kikuchi H, Hiraga H, Sawaya M, Sakuraba H, Mikami T, Nakaji S, Fukuda S. Influence of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection on serum opsonic activity measured by chemiluminescence. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 64:180-185. [PMID: 30936632 PMCID: PMC6436044 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate whether changes in serum opsonic activity measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence are useful for estimating physical stress during the perioperative period of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. Serum opsonic activity in the peripheral blood of 87 patients was examined in the morning of the day of endoscopic submucosal dissection, the next day, and at 4 days after endoscopic submucosal dissection. Peak height and area under the curve for lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence were 106.1 ± 22.7% and 102.0 ± 24.7% on the day of endoscopic submucosal dissection, which increased significantly to 113.6 ± 29.4% and 111.0 ± 29.1% on the next day (both p<0.01), and 112.4 ± 27.0% and 110.0 ± 28.1% at 4 days after endoscopic submucosal dissection (both p<0.01), respectively. In contrast, significant changes were not observed in peak height and area under the curve for luminol-dependent chemiluminescence during the perioperative period of endoscopic submucosal dissection. This difference suggests that serum opsonic activity during the perioperative period of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection is associated with the production of substances with lower oxidizing potential. (The study of changes in neutrophil function and physical stress during the perioperative period of endoscopic operation: UMIN000034514)
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Aomori General Health Examination Center, 2-19-12 Tsukuda, Aomori, Aomori 030-0962, Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuki Akitaya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Miyazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Naoki Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shiro Hayamizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tatsuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hidezumi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Manabu Sawaya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, 52 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8563, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Pereira LA, Nakamura FY, Moraes JE, Kitamura K, Ramos SP, Loturco I. Movement Patterns and Muscle Damage During Simulated Rugby Sevens Matches in National Team Players. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:3456-3465. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Flatt AA, Howells D, Williams S. Effects of consecutive domestic and international tournaments on heart rate variability in an elite rugby sevens team. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:616-621. [PMID: 30527686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate heart rate variability and athlete self-report measures of recovery status (ASRM) in response to consecutive domestic and international tournaments among an elite rugby sevens team. DESIGN Retrospective. METHODS Olympic-level rugby sevens players (n=10) recorded post-waking natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and ASRM (sleep quality, energy, soreness, recovery and mood) throughout a 1-week baseline period and daily thereafter throughout a domestic and subsequent international tournament, separated by five days. Linear mixed models and Hedge's effect sizes ±95% confidence interval (ES±95% CI) were used to evaluate variation in LnRMSSD and ASRM relative to baseline. RESULTS Decrements in various ASRM were observed in response to both tournaments (ES=-0.80±0.91 to -1.73±1.03, p<0.05) and international travel (ES=-1.03±0.93 to -1.70±1.02, p<0.05) whereas decrements in LnRMSSD were only observed in response to the international tournament (ES=-0.89±0.92 to -1.21±0.96, p=0.02-0.07). No clear differences in internal or external match-load parameters were observed between tournaments (ES=-0.35±0.88 to 0.13±0.88, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Greater decrements in cardiac-autonomic activity were observed in response to an international tournament relative to a domestic tournament, despite no difference in match-physical demands. Thus, factors separate from competition alone may impact players' cardiac-autonomic response to an international tournament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Flatt
- Georgia Southern University, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, USA.
| | | | - Sean Williams
- Department for Health, University of Bath, United Kingdom
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Mitchell JA, Pumpa KL, Pyne DB. Responses of Lower-Body Power and Match Running Demands Following Long-Haul Travel in International Rugby Sevens Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:686-695. [PMID: 27359207 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitchell, JA, Pumpa, KL, and Pyne, DB. Responses of lowerbody power and match running demands after long-haul travel in international rugby sevens players. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 686-695, 2017-This study determined the effect of long-haul (>5 hours) travel on lower-body power and match running demands in international rugby sevens players. Lower-body power was assessed in 22 male international rugby sevens players (age 21.7 ± 2.7 years, mass 89.0 ± 6.7 kg, stature 180.5 ± 6.2 cm; mean ± SD) monitored over 17 rugby sevens tournaments. A countermovement jump was used to monitor lower-body power (peak and mean power) over repeated three week travel and competition periods (pretravel, posttravel, and posttournament). Small decreases were evident in peak power after both short and long-haul travel (-4.0%, ±3.2%; mean, ±90% confidence limits) with further reductions in peak and mean power posttournament (-4.5%, ±2.3% and -3.8%, ±1.5%) culminating in a moderate decrease in peak power overall (-7.4%, ±4.0%). A subset of 12 players (completing a minimum of 8 tournaments) had the effects of match running demands assessed with lower-body power. In this subset, long-haul travel elicited a large decrease in lower-body peak (-9.4%, ±3.5%) and mean power (-5.6%, ±2.9%) over the monitoring period, with a small decrease (-4.3%, ±3.0% and -2.2%, ±1.7%) posttravel and moderate decrease (-5.4%, ±2.5% and -3.5%, ±1.9%) posttournament, respectively. Match running demands were monitored through global positioning system. In long-haul tournaments, the 12 players covered ∼13%, ±13% greater total distance (meter) and ∼11%, ±10% higher average game meters >5 m·s when compared with short-haul (<5 hours) travel. Effective pretravel and posttravel player management strategies are indicated to reduce neuromuscular fatigue and running load demands in rugby sevens tournaments after long-haul travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Mitchell
- 1Australian Rugby Union, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia; 2University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and 3Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Bouaziz T, Makni E, Passelergue P, Tabka Z, Lac G, Moalla W, Chamari K, Elloumi M. Multifactorial monitoring of training load in elite rugby sevens players: cortisol/cortisone ratio as a valid tool of training load monitoring. Biol Sport 2016; 33:231-9. [PMID: 27601777 PMCID: PMC4993138 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1201812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of selected physiological and perceptual measures for monitoring training load and fatigue was studied in 16 male elite rugby sevens players during a 6-week intense training block (IT) and 2-week tapering (TAP). Daily training load (TL) and strain (TS) as well as weekly total score of fatigue (TSF) were quantified respectively by the session-rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method and an 8-item questionnaire. Also, testing was performed and 24 h urinary cortisol (C), cortisone (Cn), adrenaline (A) and noradrenalin (NA) excretion was measured before (T0) and after the IT (T1) and after the TAP (T2). The TL, TS and TSF increased during the IT and decreased during the TAP, in conjunction with a significant drop and improvement, respectively, of performance standards during the two periods. At T1, C and Cn levels increased while A and NA levels decreased, resulting in a higher C/Cn ratio and lower A/NA ratio, respectively. At T2, both C/Cn and A/NA returned to baseline values. The changes in C/Cn ratio, after the 6-week IT, were more closely related to mean TL, TS and TSF (r=0.75-0.76 vs. r=0.48-0.58, p<0.01) and to changes in the majority of performance measures than to A/NA ratio. Only the changes in C/Cn ratio after the 2-week TAP were related to mean TL, TS and TSF (r=0.61-0.68, p<0.01). The changes in hormone levels, training strain and performance standards reflected the physical and mental stressors of training, with complete recovery, as indicated by physiological homeostasis, achieved after an appropriate tapering period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bouaziz
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - E Makni
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - P Passelergue
- University of Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, LAPPS - E 4445, Tarbes, France
| | - Z Tabka
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - G Lac
- Blaise Pascal Clermont University, Laboratory AME2P, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - W Moalla
- University of Sfax, Research Unit EM2S, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, Tunisia
| | - K Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar
| | - M Elloumi
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, Sousse, Tunisia; Blaise Pascal Clermont University, Laboratory AME2P, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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14
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Magnesium Supplementation Diminishes Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte DNA Oxidative Damage in Athletes and Sedentary Young Man. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2019643. [PMID: 27042258 PMCID: PMC4799816 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2019643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle is highly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. It is known that regular physical activity has positive effects on health; however several studies have shown that acute and strenuous exercise can induce oxidative stress and lead to DNA damage. As magnesium is essential in maintaining DNA integrity, the aim of this study was to determine whether four-week-long magnesium supplementation in students with sedentary lifestyle and rugby players could prevent or diminish impairment of DNA. By using the comet assay, our study demonstrated that the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with basal endogenous DNA damage is significantly higher in rugby players compared to students with sedentary lifestyle. On the other hand, magnesium supplementation significantly decreased the number of cells with high DNA damage, in the presence of exogenous H2O2, in PBL from both students and rugby players, and markedly reduced the number of cells with medium DNA damage in rugby players compared to corresponding control nonsupplemented group. Accordingly, the results of our study suggest that four-week-long magnesium supplementation has marked effects in protecting the DNA from oxidative damage in both rugby players and in young men with sedentary lifestyle. Clinical trial is registered at ANZCTR Trial Id: ACTRN12615001237572.
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Lindsay A, Healy J, Mills W, Lewis J, Gill N, Draper N, Gieseg SP. Impact-induced muscle damage and urinary pterins in professional rugby: 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation by myoglobin. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 26:329-37. [PMID: 25772829 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle damage caused through impacts in rugby union is known to increase oxidative stress and inflammation. Pterins have been used clinically as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter synthesis. This study investigates the release of myoglobin from muscle tissue due to force-related impacts and how it is related to the subsequent oxidation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin to specific pterins. Effects of iron and myoglobin on 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation were examined in vitro via strong cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (SCX-HPLC) analysis of neopterin, xanthopterin, and 7,8-dihydroxanthopterin. Urine samples were collected from 25 professional rugby players pre and post four games and analyzed for myoglobin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation products by HPLC. Iron and myoglobin oxidized 7,8-dihydroneopterin to neopterin, xanthopterin, and 7,8-dihydroxanthopterin at concentrations at or above 10 μM and 50 μg/mL, respectively. All four games showed significant increases in myoglobin, neopterin, total neopterin, biopterin, and total biopterin, which correlated between each variable (P < 0.05). Myoglobin and iron facilitate 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation to neopterin and xanthopterin. In vivo delocalization of myoglobin due to muscle damage may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation after rugby. Increased concentrations of biopterin and total biopterin may indicate production of nitric oxide and monoamine neurotransmitters in response to the physical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lindsay
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Healy
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - W Mills
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Lewis
- Steroid and Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - N Gill
- New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N Draper
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - S P Gieseg
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Lee N, Kim J, Hyung GA, Park JH, Kim SJ, Kim HB, Jung HS. Training Effects on Immune Function in Judoists. Asian J Sports Med 2015; 6:e24050. [PMID: 26448852 PMCID: PMC4594140 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that high intensity long term training in elite athletes may increase risk of immune function. OBJECTIVES This study is to examine training effects on immunoglobulin and changes of physiological stress and physical fitness level induced by increased cold stress during 12-week winter off-season training in elite Judoists. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine male participants (20 ± 1 years) were assigned to only Judo training (CG, n = 9), resistance training combined with Judo training (RJ, n = 10), and interval training combined with Judo training (IJ, n = 10). Blood samples collected at rest, immediately after all-out exercise, and 30-minute recovery period were analyzed for testing IgA, IgG, and IgM, albumin and catecholamine levels. RESULTS VO2max and anaerobic mean power in IJ (P < 0.05) and anaerobic power in RJ (P < 0.05) were significantly increased after 12-week training compared to CG. There was no significant interaction effect (group × period) in albumin after 12-week training; however, there was a significant interaction effect (group × period) in epinephrine after 12-week training (F (4, 52) = 3.216, P = 0.002) and immediately after all-out exercise and at 30-minute recovery (F (2, 26) = 14.564, P = 0.008). There was significantly higher changes in epinephrine of RJ compared to IJ at 30-minute recovery (P = 0.045). There was a significant interaction effect (group × period) in norepinephrine after 12-week training (F (4, 52) = 8.141, P < 0.0001), at rest and immediately after all-out exercise (F (2, 26) = 9.570, P = 0.001), and immediately after all-out exercise and at 30-minute recovery (F (2, 26) = 8.862, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Winter off-season training of IJ increased physical fitness level as well as physical stress induced by overtraining. Along with increased physical stress, all groups showed reduced trend of IgA; however, there was no group difference based on different training methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namju Lee
- Department of Sports Health Medicine, College of Health Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Yongin University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author: Jongkyu Kim, Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Yongin University, P. O. Box: 449714, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
| | - Gu Am Hyung
- Department of Living Sports, Jangan University, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Park
- Division of Sports Science, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Law, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- Sports Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Jung
- College of Sports Science, Kangnam University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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17
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Granatelli G, Gabbett TJ, Briotti G, Padulo J, Buglione A, D'Ottavio S, Ruscello BM. Match analysis and temporal patterns of fatigue in rugby sevens. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:728-34. [PMID: 23722109 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31829d23c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rugby sevens is a rapidly growing sport. Match analysis is increasingly being used by sport scientists and coaches to improve the understanding of the physical demands of this sport. This study investigated the physical and physiological demands of elite men's rugby sevens, with special reference to the temporal patterns of fatigue during match play. Nine players, 4 backs and 5 forwards (age 25.1 ± 3.1 years) participated during 2 "Roma 7" international tournaments (2010 and 2011). All the players were at the professional level in the highest Italian rugby union, and 5 of these players also competed at the international level. During the matches (n = 15), the players were filmed to assess game performance. Global positioning system, heart rate (HR), and blood lactate (BLa) concentration data were measured and analyzed. The mean total distance covered throughout matches was 1,221 ± 118 m (first half = 643 ± 70 m and second half = 578 ± 77 m; with a decrease of 11.2%, p > 0.05, Effect Size [ES] = 0.29). The players achieved 88.3 ± 4.2 and 87.7 ± 3.4% of the HRmax during the first and second halves, respectively. The BLa for the first and second halves was 3.9 ± 0.9 and 11.2 ± 1.4 mmol·L, respectively. The decreases in performance occurred consistently in the final 3 minutes of the matches (-40.5% in the distance covered per minute). The difference found in relation to the playing position, although not statistically significant (p = 0.11), showed a large ES (η = 0.20), suggesting possible practical implications. These results demonstrate that rugby sevens is a demanding sport that places stress on both the anaerobic glycolytic and aerobic oxidative energy systems. Strength and conditioning programs designed to train these energy pathways may prevent fatigue-induced reductions in physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampietro Granatelli
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; 2School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia; and 3School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Effects of physical activity upon the liver. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:1-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Lippi G. Physical activity - an important preanalytical variable. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014; 24:68-79. [PMID: 24627716 PMCID: PMC3936967 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2014.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of several biochemical and hematological biomarkers is strongly influenced by a number of preanalytical variables. Several lines of evidence attest that short, middle, and long-term exercise, as well as the relative intensity of physical effort (from mild to strenuous), may influence a broad array of laboratory variables. The amount of extracellular release and clearance from blood of most of these biomarkers is markedly influenced by the biological characteristics of the molecule(s), level of training, type, intensity and duration of exercise, and time of recovery after training. It is hence noteworthy that test results that fall outside the conventional reference ranges in athletes not only may reflect the presence of a given disease, but may frequently mirror an adaptation to regular training or changes that have occurred during and/or following strenuous exercise, and which should be clearly acknowledged to prevent misinterpretation of laboratory data. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update about the most significant changes of some biochemical and hematological biomarkers in response to physical exercise, for appropriate interpretation of these changes in the context of physically active subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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20
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Romagnoli M, Alis R, Aloe R, Salvagno GL, Basterra J, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Lippi G. Influence of training and a maximal exercise test in analytical variability of muscular, hepatic, and cardiovascular biochemical variables. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:192-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.873948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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West DJ, Cook CJ, Stokes KA, Atkinson P, Drawer S, Bracken RM, Kilduff LP. Profiling the time-course changes in neuromuscular function and muscle damage over two consecutive tournament stages in elite rugby sevens players. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 17:688-92. [PMID: 24332752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many International Rugby Board (IRB) sevens competitions require that two tournament stages are played over consecutive weekends, but the impact this has on player physical performance and recovery is lacking. We examined the influence of two consecutive tournaments on neuromuscular function (NMF) and muscle damage in rugby sevens players. DESIGN Ten elite international rugby sevens players completed this observational study over 2 tournaments, separated by 5 days, during the IRB sevens series. METHODS On the morning of day 1 and 2, of both tournament 1 (T1) and 2 (T2), players performed countermovement jumps (CMJ; jump height [JH]) and capillary blood samples (creatine kinase [CK]) were collected. After the last match of each day, further capillary samples were collected. Additional, CMJ were performed 12 and 60 h post-T1. RESULTS Player JH decreased from day 1 to day 2 during T1 (mean ± SD; -6.0 ± 5.4%; P=0.016), was reduced at 12 (-26.1 ± 5.0%; P<0.001) and 60 h post-T1 (-7.1 ± 4.8%; P=0.003) and remained lower, at am day 1 of T2 (-8.0 ± 6.0%; P=0.007), when compared with day 1 of T1. Player JH was lower on day 1 and 2 of T2, compared with T1 (P<0.05). CK concentrations were greater than baseline at all time points during each tournament (P<0.001); no between tournament differences in CK responses existed (P=0.302). CONCLUSIONS A single sevens tournament reduces NMF such that players are not fully recovered by the start of the second competition stage, however CK returns to baseline in-between and shows the same pattern across two consecutive tournaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J West
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumberland Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | | | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | | | - Richard M Bracken
- Health and Sport Portfolio, Talbot Building, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Liam P Kilduff
- Health and Sport Portfolio, Talbot Building, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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22
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Ross A, Gill N, Cronin J. Match Analysis and Player Characteristics in Rugby Sevens. Sports Med 2013; 44:357-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Cywinska A, Szarska E, Degorski A, Guzera M, Gorecka R, Strzelec K, Kowalik S, Schollenberger A, Winnicka A. Blood phagocyte activity after race training sessions in Thoroughbred and Arabian horses. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:459-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ueno Y, Umeda T, Takahashi I, Iwane K, Okubo N, Kuroiwa J, Miyazawa M, Osato R, Yoneda K, Nakaji S. Changes in immune functions during a peaking period in male university soccer players. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 28:574-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Umeda
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Japan
| | - Kaori Iwane
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Japan
| | - Noriyuki Okubo
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Japan
| | | | - Maki Miyazawa
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health; Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Japan
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Hammouda O, Chtourou H, Chaouachi A, Chahed H, Ferchichi S, Kallel C, Chamari K, Souissi N. Effect of short-term maximal exercise on biochemical markers of muscle damage, total antioxidant status, and homocysteine levels in football players. Asian J Sports Med 2013; 3:239-46. [PMID: 23342222 PMCID: PMC3525820 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prolonged physical exercise results in transient elevations of biochemical markers of muscular damage. This study examined the effect of short-term maximal exercise on these markers, homocysteine levels (Hcy), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in trained subjects. Methods Eighteen male football players participated in this study. Blood samples were collected 5-min before and 3-min after a 30-s Wingate test. Results The results indicated that plasma biochemical markers of muscle injury increased significantly after the Wingate test (P<0.05). Moreover, significant increase of white blood Cells and their main subpopulations (i.e. monocytes, neutrophiles, and lymphocytes) (P<0.001) has been observed. Likewise, uric acid, total bilirubin, and TAS increased significantly after exercise (P<0.05). However, Hcy levels were unaffected by the Wingate test (for 3-min post-exercise measurement). Conclusions Short-term maximal exercise (e.g. 30-s Wingate test) is of sufficient intensity and duration to increase markers of muscle damage, and TAS; but not Hcy levels. Increases in the selected enzymes probably come primarily from muscle damage, rather than liver damage. Moreover, increase of TAS confirms the Wingate test induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
- Address: National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Bp263, Ave Med Ali Akid, 1004 El Menzah, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
| | - Henda Chahed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Choumous Kallel
- Laboratory of hematology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
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Sasaki E, Umeda T, Takahashi I, Arata K, Yamamoto Y, Tanabe M, Oyamada K, Hashizume E, Nakaji S. Effect of glutamine supplementation on neutrophil function in male judoists. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 28:442-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sasaki
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki; Aomori; Japan
| | - Takashi Umeda
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki; Aomori; Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki; Aomori; Japan
| | - Kojima Arata
- Department of Physical Education; Nippon Sport Science University; Setagaya; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yousuke Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Education; Nippon Sport Science University; Setagaya; Tokyo; Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Oyamada
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki; Aomori; Japan
| | - Erika Hashizume
- Healthcare Products Development Center; Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd.; Tsukuba; Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki; Aomori; Japan
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Elloumi M, Makni E, Moalla W, Bouaziz T, Tabka Z, Lac G, Chamari K. Monitoring training load and fatigue in rugby sevens players. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 3:175-84. [PMID: 23012637 PMCID: PMC3445645 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Trainers and physical fitness coaches’ need a useful tool to assess training loads to avoid overtraining. However, perceived scales or questionnaires were required. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether a short 8-item questionnaire of fatigue could be a useful tool for monitoring changes in perceived training load and strain among elite rugby Sevens (7s) players during preparation for a major competition. Methods Sixteen elite rugby 7s players completed an 8-week training program composed of 6-week intense training (IT) and 2-week reduced training (RT). They were tested before (T0), after the IT (T1) and after the RT (T2). The quantification of the perceived training load and strain were performed by the session-RPE (rating of perceived exertion) method and concomitantly the 8-item questionnaire of fatigue was administered. Results Training load (TL) and strain (TS) and total score of fatigue (TSF from the 8-item questionnaire) increased during IT and decreased during RT. Simultaneously, physical performances decreased during IT and were improved after LT. The changes in TL, TS and TSF correlated significantly over the training period (r=0.63-0.83). Conclusions These findings suggest that the short questionnaire of fatigue could be a practical and a sensitive tool for monitoring changes in training load and strain in team-sport athletes. Accordingly, the simultaneous use of the short questionnaire of fatigue along with the session-RPE method for perceived changes in training load and strain during training could provide additional information on the athletes’ status, allowing coaches to prevent eventual states of overreaching or overtraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elloumi
- Clermont University Blaise Pascal, Laboratory AME2P, France
- Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Sousse, Tunisia
- ISSEP-High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Corresponding Author:Address: Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, Sousse, Tunisia. E-mail:
| | - Emna Makni
- Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Sousse, Tunisia
- UR EM2S, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Taieb Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty de Medicine Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lac
- Clermont University Blaise Pascal, Laboratory AME2P, France
| | - Karim Chamari
- ISSEP-High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of ‘‘Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sports, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Trabelsi K, Rebai H, el-Abed K, Stannard SR, Khannous H, Masmoudi L, Sahnoun Z, Hakim A, Fellman N, Tabka Z. Effect of ramadan fasting on body water status markers after a rugby sevens match. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 2:186-94. [PMID: 22375238 PMCID: PMC3289207 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on body water status markers of rugby players at basal condition and following a simulation of rugby sevens match. Methods Twelve recreational rugby sevens players played three matches: one day before Ramadan (before Ramadan), at the end of the first week of Ramadan (Beg-R) and at the end of Ramadan (End-R). Before and immediately after each match, body weight was determined and blood samples were taken for the measurement of body water status markers. Total body water was measured with an impedancemeter only before matches. Results At rest, an increase in hematocrit (+4.4%, P=0.03), hemoglobin (+3.4%, P=0.01) and plasma osmolarity (+2.8%, P<0.001) was noticed at End-R compared to before Ramadan. Total body water measured before Ramadan did not differ significantly from that of Ramadan. After the match, values of hematocrit and plasma osmolarity increased significantly at End-R (+1.4%, P=0.02; +3.1%, P<0.001 respectively) compared to before Ramadan. Although, hemoglobin measured after matches occurring during Ramadan did not differ from those of before Ramadan. In response to matches, the change of percentage of body water status markers did not differ during each period of the investigation. Conclusions The present results show that Ramadan fasting induces dehydration at basal conditions. Also, rugby sevens match played during Ramadan did not exacerbate the magnitude of responses to matches of blood and body water status markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
- Corresponding Author: Address: 169, avenue Farhat Hached, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia. E-mail:
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Kais el-Abed
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Stephen R. Stannard
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Hamdi Khannous
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hakim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Nicole Fellman
- Laboratory of Sports Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Sports Medicine, CHU of Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to the Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
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Physiological, anthropometric, and performance characteristics of rugby sevens players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2012; 8:19-27. [PMID: 22868376 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.8.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the characteristics of 15-a-side rugby union players have been well defined, there is little information on rugby sevens players. PURPOSE The authors profiled the anthropometric, physiological, and performance qualities of elite-level rugby sevens players and quantified relationships between these characteristics. METHODS Eighteen male international rugby sevens players undertook anthropometric (body mass, height, sum of 7 skinfolds, lean-mass index), acceleration and speed (40-m sprint), muscle-power (vertical jump), repeated-sprint-ability (6 × 30-m sprint), and endurance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test and treadmill VO2max) testing. Associations between measurements were assessed by correlation analysis. RESULTS Rugby sevens players had anthropometric characteristics (body mass 89.7 ± 7.6 kg, height 1.83 ± 0.06 m, sum of 7 skinfolds 52.2 ± 11.5 mm; mean ± SD) similar to those of backs in international 15-player rugby union. Acceleration and speed (40-m sprint 5.11 ± 0.15 s), muscle-power (vertical jump 66 ± 7 cm), and endurance (VO2max 53.8 ± 3.4 mL · kg-1 · min-1) qualities were similar to, or better than, those of professional 15-a-side players. Coefficients of variation ranged from 2.5% to 22%. Relative VO2max was largely correlated with Yo-Yo distance (r = .60, .21-.82; 90% confidence interval) and moderately correlated with 40-m sprint time (r = -.46, -.75 to -.02) and repeated-sprint ability (r = -.38, -.72 to .09). CONCLUSIONS International rugby sevens players require highly developed speed, power, and endurance to tolerate the demands of competition. The small between-athletes variability of characteristics in rugby sevens players highlights the need for relatively uniform physical and performance standards in contrast with 15-a-side players.
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Koga T, Umeda T, Kojima A, Tanabe M, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi I, Iwasaki H, Iwane K, Matsuzaka M, Nakaji S. Influence of a 3-month training program on muscular damage and neutrophil function in male university freshman judoists. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:136-42. [PMID: 22407581 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of a high intensity and high frequency 3-month training program on muscle damage and neutrophil function in male judoists. The study included 15 male judoists who started intensive judo training program after a 6-month break. Creatine kinase (CK), neutrophil counts and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability as well as phagocytic activity (PA) of neutrophils were measured at 2 stages; entering university (pre-training) and after 3-month training (post-training). At both points, we investigated parameters three times: just before, immediately after and 24 h after a 2-h practice session. Practice-mediated change in CK was lower at post-training than at pre-training. Neutrophil count significantly increased after 2-h practice but recovered 24 h later whereas it showed no subsequent and further increased at 24 h post-practice. Although neutrophil ROS production capability and PA both decreased (breakdown) after practice session, ROS production capability increased and PA decreased (well-adapted) at the post-training. Long-term training strengthened muscular function and improved neutrophil reaction against practice-mediated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Koga
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Tsubakihara T, Umeda T, Takahashi I, Matsuzaka M, Iwane K, Tanaka M, Matsuda M, Oyamada K, Aruga R, Nakaji S. Effects of soccer matches on neutrophil and lymphocyte functions in female university soccer players. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:129-35. [PMID: 22371387 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, changes in physical fatigue and biological functions of Japanese female soccer players were investigated by determining changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte functions. Study subjects included 18 female soccer players. Body composition, serum myogenic enzymes, neutrophil function, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activity (PA) and serum opsonic activity, as well as lymphocyte subpopulation were measured before and after a soccer match. Levels of myogenic enzymes (AST, ALT, CK and LDH) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) and complements (C3) increased significantly after the match. In addition, leukocyte, neutrophils and lymphocyte counts increased whereas total PA decreased significantly. The number of T and Th1 cells (subsets of T helper cells) decreased whereas Th2 increased significantly. In addition, the number of B cells increased and NK cells decreased significantly after the match. The match was found to result in degenerative changes in and damage to athlete muscle tissues together with damage- and change-mediated stress. These data also suggest a post-match accelerated inflammatory reaction and potential immunosuppression as indicated by reductions in neutrophil PA and lymphocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tsubakihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Japan
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Suda Y, Umeda T, Watanebe K, Kuroiwa J, Sasaki E, Tsukamoto T, Takahashi I, Matsuzaka M, Iwane K, Nakaji S. Changes in neutrophil functions during a 10-month soccer season and their effects on the physical condition of professional Japanese soccer players. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:121-8. [PMID: 22362645 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We examined changes in neutrophil function of soccer players over a 10-month period and determined its effectiveness as an index for athlete physical condition. Subjects included 21 male professional Japanese soccer players. Data on body composition, myogenic enzymes and neutrophil function were obtained before and after 2 h of training at 3 investigation points: one week before opening season, at season mid-point, and one week before the last game of the season. As a result, change ratios of myogenic enzyme levels before and after the 2-hr training session at the third investigation point were significantly higher compared to the two other points. Reactive oxygen species production and phagocytic activity significantly increased after 2-hr training session at point 1, although the extent of the increase became smaller over time and ROS production capability decreased significantly by point 3 assessment. Fatigue, especially muscle fatigue, chronically accumulated along with a gradual decrease in neutrophil immune function over the 10-month season. Therefore, determination of neutrophil function can be used as a useful index to assess and understand an athlete's physical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Suda
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Sato J, Takahashi I, Umeda T, Matsuzaka M, Danjyo K, Tsuya R, Kida K, Takami H, Nakaji S. Effect of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on neutrophil functions in adults. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:557-64. [PMID: 21433278 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the effects of smoking and excessive alcohol consumption on immune function have been studied, due to a high prevalence of infection or cancer in heavy drinkers, and the combination of smoking and drinking was considered to be a carcinogenic risk. However, the effect of smoking and drinking on systemic immune function has yet to be clearly understood. In this study, we investigated neutrophil functions (reactive oxygen species (ROS) productive activity, phagocytic ability and serum opsonic activity) and their relationship with alcohol consumption or amount of smoking. In total there were 731 male and female adult subjects who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2005. Multiple regression analysis showed a trend of increased ROS production in male subjects and a statistically significant decrease was observed in phagocytic activity caused by smoking in female subjects. In other words, oxidative stress caused by smoking in male subjects may be involved in ROS production from neutrophils. Decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils caused by smoking suggests that host defense functions were impaired in female subjects. A relationship between neutrophil functions and the amount of alcohol consumption was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Sato
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho 5, Hirosaki, 036-8562 Aomori, Japan
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Umeda T, Takahashi I, Danjo K, Matsuzaka M, Nakaji S. [Changes in neutrophil immune functions under different exercise stresses]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2011; 66:533-542. [PMID: 21701084 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.66.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the known effects of exercise on neutrophil immune functions of athletes. We measured three neutrophil immune functions (i.e., phagocytic activity (PA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and serum opsonic activity (SOA)) in various types of exercise. The following is our recent findings. (1) A regular exercise increases ROS production and decreases PA. We call this change a normal pattern, and an abnormal pattern except this change. (2) A prolonged, strenuous activity (e.g., rugby match and marathon) decreases both ROS production and PA. This is one of the abnormal pattern. (3) The exercise loading performed after a camp training decreases ROS production whereas PA does not change. This is another abnormal pattern. (4) When judoists who had stopped judo training for 6 months restarted their training, the exercise loading at the beginning of their training decreases PA whereas ROS production does not change. This is another abnormal pattern. (5) A regular exercise 2 months after the beginning of their training increases ROS production and decreases PA. This change is a normal pattern. SOA showed a similar pattern of changes to ROS under all conditions. The changes in neutrophil immune functions after performing various exercises might result from the balance between external factors (intensity and style of exercise) and internal factors (e.g., fatigue and physical pain). Therefore, the changes in three neutrophil immune functions after exercise might be an index of athletes' condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Umeda
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess incidence, nature, and causes of injuries sustained in international Rugby Sevens. DESIGN Prospective cohort: definitions and procedures were compliant with the consensus statement for epidemiological studies in rugby union. SETTING 2008/2009 International Rugby Board Sevens World Series (8 tournaments) and Rugby World Cup Sevens 2009. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred ninety players, representing 12 countries. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Injuries sustained as function of playing position and nature, cause, and time of onset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number, location, diagnosis, severity, and cause of injuries: incidence (injuries/1000 player-hours) and severity (days absence from training/competition) of injuries. RESULTS One hundred four injuries were recorded during 578 team games (979.1 player-match hours), which equates to 0.18 injuries per team match, 0.96 injuries per team per tournament, or 106.2 injuries per 1000 player-hours (95% confidence interval, 87.8-128.9). These injuries had a mean severity of 45 days and a median severity of 24 days. The lower limb (70%) and joint (non-bone)/ligament (52%) were the most common site and type of injury. Most match injuries were acute (93%) and resulted from contact (78%) events; being tackled (34%) and running (22%) were the most common causes of injury. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the risk of injury from international Rugby Sevens was higher than that reported for international 15-a-side rugby; in particular, the severity of injury was significantly higher. A need for further research into the reasons for the high average severity of injury and the development of injury prevention strategies for ankle and knee ligament injuries in Rugby Sevens were indicated.
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Time course of changes in immuneoendocrine markers following an international rugby game. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:113-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kojima A, Umeda T, Saito K, Ookubo Y, Sato J, Nakaji S, Matsuzaka M, Yaegaki M, Ohnishi M, Miyazawa M, Takahashi I. Effects of 2.5-hour sumo training on serum opsonic activity. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 24:224-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Umeda T, Suzukawa K, Takahashi I, Yamamoto Y, Tanabe M, Kojima A, Katagiri T, Matsuzaka M, Totsuka M, Nakaji S, Sugawara N. Effects of intense exercise on the physiological and mental condition of female university judoists during a training camp. J Sports Sci 2008; 26:897-904. [PMID: 18569555 DOI: 10.1080/02640410801885917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the physical and mental fatigue caused by intense exercise and the relationship between the two types of fatigue, we examined changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables, neutrophil function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire in 13 female university judoists attending a one-week training camp. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, haemoglobin, leukocyte count, IgG, and phagocytic activity all decreased after the training camp compared with baseline (P < or = 0.046). Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and neutrophil oxidative burst activity increased after the training camp (P < or = 0.007). Of the POMS scores, that for Fatigue increased after the training camp (P = 0.041) and that for Vigour decreased (P = 0.042). The changes in several POMS scores correlated with the changes in blood biochemical variables. In particular, the change in Total mood disturbance was negatively associated with changes in myogenic enzymes (P < or = 0.032). Our results suggest that intense exercise during training camps for female judoists leads to the appearance and accumulation of mental and physical fatigue, which are related to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Umeda
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Yaegaki M, Umeda T, Takahashi I, Yamamoto Y, Kojima A, Tanabe M, Yamai K, Matsuzaka M, Sugawara N, Nakaji S. Measuring neutrophil functions might be a good predictive marker of overtraining in athletes. LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:281-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yamamoto Y, Nakaji S, Umeda T, Matsuzaka M, Takahashi I, Tanabe M, Danjo K, Kojima A, Oyama T. Effects of long-term training on neutrophil function in male university judoists. Br J Sports Med 2008; 42:255-9. [PMID: 18390768 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.032011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the effects of high-intensity and high-frequency long-term/chronic training on neutrophil function and serum levels of myogenic enzymes in male university judoists. METHODS The subjects were 24 male judoists who had stopped judo training for 6 months and then restarted their training. The following parameters were examined before and after a 2 h unified exercise loading (UEL) at the beginning of the restarted quotidian training (pre-training) and at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months thereafter: myogenic enzymes, neutrophil and leucocyte counts, and neutrophil phagocytic activity (PA) and oxidative burst activity as a measure of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability. RESULTS Myogenic enzymes that were measured after UEL at all four points significantly increased except for creatine kinase at the 2-month point (p<0.01 in each) and neutrophil counts significantly increased after UEL at the pre-training, 2-month and 4-month points (p<0.01 in each), but these changes became smaller from the 2-month point. PA significantly decreased after UEL at the pre-training and 2-month points (p<0.01 in each), but no change was seen at the 4-month and 6-month points. On the other hand, no change in ROS production per cell after UEL was seen at the pre-training point, but it significantly increased after UEL at the 2-month, 4-month and 6-month points (p<0.01 in each). CONCLUSION The changing rate of the levels of UEL-mediated myogenic enzymes, neutrophil mobilisation and neutrophil function was seen to decrease at the 2-month, 4-month and 6-month assessments, compared with the pre-training point: these may comprise at least some of the long-term training effects.
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Umeda T, Yamai K, Takahashi I, Kojima A, Yamamoto Y, Tanabe M, Totsuka M, Nakaji S, Sugawara N, Matsuzaka M. The effects of a two-hour judo training session on the neutrophil immune functions in university judoists. LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:49-53. [PMID: 18175295 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of judo training on neutrophil and related functions. We measured and studied changes in the neutrophil and its related functions in 22 male university judoists immediately before (Pre values) and immediately after (Post values) a 2 h training session: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activities (PA) and serum opsonic activity (SOA). Neutrophil count in whole blood, myogenic enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and complements (C3 and C4) in serum were also measured. The Post values of the neutrophil count, myogenic enzymes and IgG increased significantly compared with the Pre values. ROS production capability and SOA also significantly increased following training, although PA showed a slight decrease (but not statistically significant). Taking the findings of our previous studies into consideration, three major neutrophil or related functions, namely ROS production capability, PA and SOA, might compensate for each other to maintain the overall integrity of the neutrophil immune function, in that ROS and SOA increased to compensate for the slight decrease in PA, or PA slightly decreased to compensate for the increase in ROA and SOA after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Umeda
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562 Aomori, Japan
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Umeda T, Saito K, Matsuzaka M, Nakaji S, Totsuka M, Okumura T, Tsukamoto T, Yaegaki M, Kudoh U, Takahashi I. Effects of a bout of traditional and original sumo training on neutrophil immune function in amateur university sumo wrestlers. LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:115-20. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsuzaka M, Fukuda S, Yamai K, Tsuya R, Fukuoka Y, Takahashi I, Yaegaki M, Shimoyama T, Sakamoto J, Umeda T, Nakaji S. Are individuals with lower neutrophil oxidative burst activity more prone toHelicobacter pyloriinfection? LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:132-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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