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Zager Kocjan G, Avsec A, Kavčič T. Feeling too low to be active: Physical inactivity mediates the relationship between mental and physical health. Soc Sci Med 2024; 341:116546. [PMID: 38169178 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is one of the most influential and pervasive risk factors for health problems. Therefore, public health experts call for interventions to promote physical activity across the lifespan. This study aimed to examine the role of mental health in physical inactivity and the subsequent role of physical activity in various aspects of physical health. METHODS Data were collected in the third wave of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) in Slovenia. A nationally representative sample of 9,900 people (49.6% male) aged 15 years or more (M = 49.2; SD = 18.9 years) provided self-reports on depression (PHQ-8), subjective well-being (MHC-SF), physical (in)activity, bodily pain, long-standing activity limitations, their general health status, and possible chronic diseases. RESULTS The results of a path analysis showed that depression had a positive effect and well-being had a negative effect on physical inactivity, which in turn contributed to the likelihood of severe bodily pain, activity limitations, poor self-rated health, and multimorbidity. Depression and well-being contributed to health-related outcomes directly and indirectly through physical inactivity. LIMITATIONS Because of the cross-sectional design, this study is limited in its ability to draw causal conclusions. All health data were self-reported. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that high levels of depression and low levels of subjective well-being may be an early warning sign of physical health problems. Interventions aimed at preventing or reducing mental health problems and promoting positive mental health may benefit not only mental health per se, but also prevent physical inactivity and, consequently, physical health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tina Kavčič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Bucciarelli V, Mattioli AV, Sciomer S, Moscucci F, Renda G, Gallina S. The Impact of Physical Activity and Inactivity on Cardiovascular Risk across Women's Lifespan: An Updated Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4347. [PMID: 37445383 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PI) represents a significant, modifiable risk factor that is more frequent and severe in the female population worldwide for all age groups. The physical activity (PA) gender gap begins early in life and leads to considerable short-term and long-term adverse effects on health outcomes, especially cardiovascular (CV) health. Our review aims to highlight the prevalence and mechanisms of PI across women's lifespan, describing the beneficial effects of PA in many physiological and pathological clinical scenarios and underlining the need for more awareness and global commitment to promote strategies to bridge the PA gender gap and limit PI in current and future female generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bucciarelli
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Policlinico Umberto I, 49971 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moscucci
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Policlinico Umberto I, 49971 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Renda
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados à ansiedade em mulheres hipertensas: estudo transversal. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2023. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2023ao02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally The past few decades have shown that especially low- and middle-income countries have undergone rapid industrialization, urbanization, economic development and market globalization. Although these developments led to many positive changes in health outcomes and increased life expectancies, they all also caused inappropriate dietary patterns, physical inactivity and obesity. Evidence shows that a large proportion of the cardiovascular disease burden can be explained by behavioural factors such as low physical activity, unhealthy diet and smoking. Controlling these risk factors from early ages is important for maintaining cardiovascular health. Even in patients with genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, risk factor modification is beneficial.Despite the tremendous advances in the medical treatment of cardiovascular risk factors to reduce overall cardiovascular risk, the modern lifestyle which has led to greater sedentary time, lower participation in active transport and time spent in leisure or purposeful physical activity, unhealthy diets and increased exposure to stress, noise and pollution have diminished the beneficial effects of contemporary medical cardiovascular prevention strategies. Therefore attenuating or eliminating these health risk behaviours and risk factors is imperative in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Hekimsoy
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Age as a determining variable in the practice or abandonment of physical exercise among young people. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253750. [PMID: 34166459 PMCID: PMC8224873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have reported a gradual decline in the practice of physical exercise with age, confirming high dropout rates in the adolescent period. The aim of this study was to investigate the motivation or barriers that lead to greater or lesser adherence to physical exercise among children and adolescents. Methods In this study, 1,081 individuals volunteered to participate [239 children (age: 10.89 ± .66 years) and 842 adolescents (age: 14.9 ± 1.75 years)]. For this purpose, we used the Self-Report on Motivation for Exercising (AMPEF) and Self-Report on Barriers to Exercising (ABPEF) questionnaires. Results The most significant motivational factors in the practice of physical exercise (in both children and adolescents) are competition, social recognition and challenge (t = -16.02, p < .001), prevention and positive health (t = 5.24, p < .001) and affiliation, fun and well-being (t = -19.54, p < .001), while the barriers focus on fatigue and laziness (t = -13.20, p < .001) and body image and physical-social anxiety (t = -5.71, p < .001). It is also observed that adolescents showed significantly higher motivation than children and greater presence of barriers in the practice of physical exercise. Conclusions The age is a determining variable to include in preventive and intervention programs for the practice of physical exercise.
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Sessa F, Messina G, Russo R, Salerno M, Castruccio Castracani C, Distefano A, Li Volti G, Calogero AE, Cannarella R, Mongioi' LM, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S. Consequences on aging process and human wellness of generation of nitrogen and oxygen species during strenuous exercise. Aging Male 2020; 23:14-22. [PMID: 29950140 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1482866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of antioxidant defense system and increase in metabolic rate and production of reactive oxygen species have been demonstrated in strenuous exercise. Both at rest and during contractile activity, skeletal muscle generates a very complex set of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species; the main generated are superoxide and nitric oxide. The nature of the contractile activity influences the pattern and the magnitude of this reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) generation. The intracellular pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis undergoes alteration owing to strenuous exercise and the major identified sources of intracellular free radical generation during physical activity are the mitochondrial electron transport chain, polymorphoneutrophil, and xanthine oxidase. Reactive oxygen species increased tissue susceptibility to oxidative damage and pose a serious threat to the cellular antioxidant defense system. The possible dangerous consequences of the aging process and human wellness are emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Russo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Pellegrini Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioi'
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Khosravi A, Nielsen RO, Mansournia MA. Methods matter: population attributable fraction (PAF) in sport and exercise medicine. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1049-1054. [PMID: 32051120 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khosravi
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .,Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Colangelo AM, Weissbrod CS. The Role of Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation in the Exercise Behavior of Women. EXERCISE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.26644/em.2019.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Oftedal S, Holliday EG, Attia J, Brown WJ, Collins CE, Ewald B, Glozier N, McEvoy M, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Stamatakis E, Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ. Daily steps and diet, but not sleep, are related to mortality in older Australians. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:276-282. [PMID: 31615727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Supporting healthy ageing is a key priority worldwide. Physical activity, diet quality and sleep are all associated with health outcomes, but few studies have explored their independent associations with all-cause mortality in an older population in the same model. The study aim was to examine associations between step-count, self-reported diet quality, restless sleep, and all-cause mortality in adults aged 55-85 years. DESIGN A prospective cohort study of adults in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. METHOD Data were from 1697 participants (49.3% women; baseline mean age 65.4 ± 7.1 years). Daily steps (measured by pedometer), diet quality (from a modified Australian Recommended Food Score), and frequency of restless sleep (by self-report) were assessed in relation to all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for sex, age, household income and smoking. Baseline data were collected between January 2005 and April 2008, and last follow-up was in March 2017 (median follow-up 9.6 years). RESULTS Higher step count (HR: 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88-0.98 per 1000-step increment) and higher diet quality (HR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.74-0.99 per 8-point increment in diet quality score) were associated with reduced mortality risk. Restless sleep for ≥3 nights/week was not associated with mortality risk (HR: 1.03, 95%CI: 0.78-1.39). Sensitivity analyses, adjusting for chronic disease and excluding deaths <1 year after baseline, did not change these estimates. CONCLUSIONS Increased daily steps and consumption of a greater variety of nutrient-dense foods every week would result in substantial health benefits for older people. Future research should include a greater variety of sleep measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Oftedal
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | | | - John Attia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Benjamin Ewald
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nicholas Glozier
- Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia; School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia
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Pate A, Emsley R, Ashcroft DM, Brown B, van Staa T. The uncertainty with using risk prediction models for individual decision making: an exemplar cohort study examining the prediction of cardiovascular disease in English primary care. BMC Med 2019; 17:134. [PMID: 31311543 PMCID: PMC6636064 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk prediction models are commonly used in practice to inform decisions on patients' treatment. Uncertainty around risk scores beyond the confidence interval is rarely explored. We conducted an uncertainty analysis of the QRISK prediction tool to evaluate the robustness of individual risk predictions with varying modelling decisions. METHODS We derived a cohort of patients eligible for cardiovascular risk prediction from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) with linked hospitalisation and mortality records (N = 3,792,474). Risk prediction models were developed using the methods reported for QRISK2 and 3, before adjusting for additional risk factors, a secular trend, geographical variation in risk and the method for imputing missing data when generating a risk score (model A-model F). Ten-year risk scores were compared across the different models alongside model performance metrics. RESULTS We found substantial variation in risk on the individual level across the models. The 95 percentile range of risks in model F for patients with risks between 9 and 10% according to model A was 4.4-16.3% and 4.6-15.8% for females and males respectively. Despite this, the models were difficult to distinguish using common performance metrics (Harrell's C ranged from 0.86 to 0.87). The largest contributing factor to variation in risk was adjusting for a secular trend (HR per calendar year, 0.96 [0.95-0.96] and 0.96 [0.96-0.96]). When extrapolating to the UK population, we found that 3.8 million patients may be reclassified as eligible for statin prescription depending on the model used. A key limitation of this study was that we could not assess the variation in risk that may be caused by risk factors missing from the database (such as diet or physical activity). CONCLUSIONS Risk prediction models that use routinely collected data provide estimates strongly dependent on modelling decisions. Despite this large variability in patient risk, the models appear to perform similarly according to standard performance metrics. Decision-making should be supplemented with clinical judgement and evidence of additional risk factors. The largest source of variability, a secular trend in CVD incidence, can be accounted for and should be explored in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pate
- Centre of Health eResearch, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Richard Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crispigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Darren M Ashcroft
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population of Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Benjamin Brown
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population of Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Public Health England North West, 3 Piccadilly Place, London Road, Manchester, M1 3BN, UK
| | - Tjeerd van Staa
- Centre of Health eResearch, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Intermittent living; the use of ancient challenges as a vaccine against the deleterious effects of modern life - A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:28-42. [PMID: 30220336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) are the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. They ensue from the sum of modern anthropogenic risk factors, including high calorie nutrition, malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, social stress, environmental toxins, politics and economic factors. Many of these factors are beyond the span of control of individuals, suggesting that CNCD are inevitable. However, various studies, ours included, show that the use of intermittent challenges with hormetic effects improve subjective and objective wellbeing of individuals with CNCD, while having favourable effects on immunological, metabolic and behavioural indices. Intermittent cold, heat, fasting and hypoxia, together with phytochemicals in multiple food products, have widespread influence on many pathways related with overall health. Until recently, most of the employed challenges with hormetic effects belonged to the usual transient live experiences of our ancestors. Our hypothesis; we conclude that, whereas the total inflammatory load of multi-metabolic and psychological risk factors causes low grade inflammation and aging, the use of intermittent challenges, united in a 7-10 days lasting hormetic intervention, might serve as a vaccine against the deleterious effects of chronic low grade inflammation and it's metabolic and (premature) aging consequences.
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Rhodes RE, Janssen I, Bredin SSD, Warburton DER, Bauman A. Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychol Health 2017; 32:942-975. [PMID: 28554222 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1325486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a broad overview of the state of physical activity (PA) research in the form of (1) definitions of PA, (2) health benefits, (3) prevalence, (4) correlates and (5) interventions. DESIGN A high-level overview of published reviews of the literature. RESULTS Regular PA is an effective primary and secondary preventative strategy against at least 25 chronic medical conditions with risk reduction typically in the 20-30% range. While approximately 75% of adults meet recommended PA guidelines, the prevalence is slightly lower for women compared to men, and considerably lower for youth, older adults and those in higher income countries. Motivation, self-efficacy and self-regulation remain consistent correlates of PA. Interventions show PA changes in the small effect size range for adults and youth but the heterogeneity is considerable across studies. Only a few (aggregate of behavioural regulation strategies, supervision, high frequency of contact) reliable moderators of intervention success were identified across study quality, sample characteristics, theory/behaviour change techniques and delivery modes/settings. CONCLUSION PA research should continue to examine the mechanisms causing health outcomes, the dose that can lead to clinically relevant changes in health status, the scope and validity of PA surveillance and innovative behaviour change techniques, while improving the reach and duration of PA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- a Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- c School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - Adrian Bauman
- d School of Public Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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Huynh-Hohnbaum ALT, Marshall L, Villa VM, Lee G. Self-Management of Heart Disease in Older Adults. Home Health Care Serv Q 2017; 34:159-72. [PMID: 26566582 DOI: 10.1080/01621424.2015.1092909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The American Heart Association estimates that 81% of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 years old or older. The leading risk health behaviors include physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking, and binge drinking. Using the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), this study looked at how self-management, which includes a plan developed by a medical professional and the confidence to manage one's disease, may decrease negative risk behaviors in older adults. The presence of a plan and increased self-efficacy decreased engagement in negative dietary behaviors and low physical activity. Implications for strategies that address heart disease and self-management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Luu T Huynh-Hohnbaum
- a School of Social Work , California State University , Los Angeles, Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Lia Marshall
- b Luskin School of Public Affairs , University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Valentine M Villa
- c School of Social Work, and Applied Gerontology Institute , California State University , Los Angeles, Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Gi Lee
- a School of Social Work , California State University , Los Angeles, Los Angeles , California , USA
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15
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Alspach JG. Revisiting a familiar but lethal cardiovascular risk factor: sedentary lifestyle. Crit Care Nurse 2016; 35:14-7. [PMID: 25834004 DOI: 10.4037/ccn2015797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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16
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The Effect of the More Active MuMs in Stirling Trial on Body Composition and Psychological Well-Being among Postnatal Women. J Pregnancy 2016; 2016:4183648. [PMID: 27610245 PMCID: PMC5004019 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4183648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Physical activity is important for health and well-being; however, rates of postnatal physical activity can be low. This paper reports the secondary outcomes of a trial aimed at increasing physical activity among postnatal women. Methods. More Active MuMs in Stirling (MAMMiS) was a randomised controlled trial testing the effect of physical activity consultation and pram walking group intervention among inactive postnatal women. Data were collected on postnatal weight, body composition, general well-being, and fatigue. Participants were also interviewed regarding motivations and perceived benefits of participating in the trial. Results. There was no significant effect of the intervention on any weight/body composition outcome or on general well-being at three or six months of follow-up. There was a significant but inconsistent difference in fatigue between groups. Qualitative data highlighted a number of perceived benefits to weight, body composition, and particularly well-being (including improved fatigue) which were not borne out by objective data. Discussion. The MAMMiS study found no impact of the physical activity intervention on body composition and psychological well-being and indicates that further research is required to identify successful approaches to increase physical activity and improve health and well-being among postnatal women.
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Sanghavi M, Gulati M. Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2016; 43:265-85. [PMID: 27212092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease requires involvement of an extended health care team. Obstetricians and gynecologists are uniquely positioned within the health care system because they are often the primary or only contact women have with the system. This review article discusses initial assessment, treatment recommendations, and practical tips regarding primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with a focus on coronary heart disease; discussion includes peripheral and cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sanghavi
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9047, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona-Phoenix, 1300 North 12th Street, Suite 407, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.
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Warburton DER, Bredin SSD. Reflections on Physical Activity and Health: What Should We Recommend? Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:495-504. [PMID: 26995692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of regular physical activity are irrefutable; virtually everyone can benefit from being active. The evidence is overwhelming with risk reductions of at least 20%-30% for more than 25 chronic medical conditions and premature mortality. Even higher risk reductions (ie, ≥ 50%) are observed when objective measures of physical fitness are taken. International physical activity guidelines generally recommend 150 minutes per week of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. A critical review of the literature indicates that half of this volume of physical activity might lead to marked health benefits. There is compelling evidence to support health promotion strategies that emphasize that health benefits can be accrued at a lower volume and/or intensity of physical activity. Public health policies are needed that reduce the barriers to physical activity participation such that everyone can reap the benefits of physical activity. It is also important to highlight that sedentary time (particularly sitting time) carries independent health risks. The simple message of "move more and sit less" likely is more understandable by contemporary society and is formed on the basis of a strong body of evidence. For practitioners who work directly with clients, it is recommended that an individualized prescription (dosage) that takes into consideration the unique characteristics and needs of the client is provided. Physical activity or exercise promotion should not be done in isolation; it should be part of an integrated approach to enhance healthy lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren E R Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zapata-Diomedi B, Barendregt JJ, Veerman JL. Population attributable fraction: names, types and issues with incorrect interpretation of relative risks. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:212-213. [PMID: 26964147 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jan J Barendregt
- Epigear International, Sunrise Beach, Queensland, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Lennert Veerman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Paradigms of Lifestyle Medicine and Wellness. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pavey TG, Gartner CE, Coombes JS, Brown WJ. Assessing the effectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for smoking cessation in women: HIIT to quit study protocol. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1309. [PMID: 26714460 PMCID: PMC4696187 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking and physical inactivity are major risk factors for heart disease. Linking strategies that promote improvements in fitness and assist quitting smoking has potential to address both these risk factors simultaneously. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of two exercise interventions (high intensity interval training (HIIT) and lifestyle physical activity) on smoking cessation in female smokers. Method/design This study will use a randomised controlled trial design. Participants: Women aged 18–55 years who smoke ≥ 5 cigarettes/day, and want to quit smoking. Intervention: all participants will receive usual care for quitting smoking. Group 1 - will complete two gym-based supervised HIIT sessions/week and one home-based HIIT session/week. At each training session participants will be asked to complete four 4-min (4 × 4 min) intervals at approximately 90 % of maximum heart rate interspersed with 3- min recovery periods. Group 2 - participants will receive a resource pack and pedometer, and will be asked to use the 10,000 steps log book to record steps and other physical activities. The aim will be to increase daily steps to 10,000 steps/day. Analysis will be intention to treat and measures will include smoking cessation, withdrawal and cravings, fitness, physical activity, and well-being. Discussion The study builds on previous research suggesting that exercise intensity may influence the efficacy of exercise as a smoking cessation intervention. The hypothesis is that HIIT will improve fitness and assist women to quit smoking. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614001255673 (Registration date 02/12/2014)
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby G Pavey
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Coral E Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Campus, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Wendy J Brown
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Abstract
Heart disease is the number one killer of women. Although there are many similarities between men and women, the evolving understanding of ischemic heart disease in women allow us to emphasize the important differences that need to be recognized. These differences, including symptoms at presentation, importance of particular risk factors, pathophysiology of disease, and treatments/outcomes, will be discussed in this review.
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Gilinsky AS, Kirk AF, Hughes AR, Lindsay RS. Lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in women with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioural, anthropometric and metabolic outcomes. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:448-61. [PMID: 26844102 PMCID: PMC4721374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To systematically review lifestyle interventions for women with prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) to report study characteristics, intervention design and study quality and explore changes in 1) diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour; 2) anthropometric outcomes and; 3) glycaemic control and diabetes risk. Methods Databases (Web of Science, CCRCT, EMBASE and Science DIRECT) were searched (1980 to April 2014) using keywords for controlled or pre–post design trials of lifestyle intervention targeting women with previous GDM reporting at least one behavioural, anthropometric or diabetes outcome. Selected studies were narratively synthesized with anthropometric and glycaemic outcomes synthesized using meta-analysis. Results Three of 13 included studies were rated as low bias risk. Recruitment rates were poor but study retention good. Six of 11 studies reporting on physical activity reported favourable intervention effects. All six studies reporting on diet reported favourable intervention effects. In meta-analysis, significant weight-loss was attributable to one Chinese population study (WMD = − 1.06 kg (95% CI = − 1.68, − 0.44)). Lifestyle interventions did not change fasting blood glucose (WMD = − 0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI = − 0.21, 0.11) or type 2 diabetes risk. Conclusions Lack of methodologically robust trials gives limited evidence for the success of lifestyle interventions in women with prior GDM. Recruitment into trials is challenging. There is good evidence for diet change after lifestyle intervention in GDM. Limited evidence of PA, anthropometric or glycaemic change with lifestyle in GDM More methodologically robust trials of lifestyle intervention in GDM are required. Recruitment to lifestyle intervention trials for women with GDM is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Gilinsky
- School of Psychological & Health Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - A F Kirk
- School of Psychological & Health Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - A R Hughes
- School of Psychological & Health Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - R S Lindsay
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G11 8TA, United Kingdom
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Mehta PK, Wei J, Wenger NK. Ischemic heart disease in women: a focus on risk factors. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 25:140-51. [PMID: 25453985 PMCID: PMC4336825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in women in the United States and worldwide. This review highlights known and emerging risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women. Traditional Framingham risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, as well as lifestyle habits such as unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle are all modifiable. Health care providers should be aware of emerging cardiac risk factors in women such as adverse pregnancy outcomes, systemic autoimmune disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and radiation-induced heart disease; psychosocial factors such as mental stress, depression, anxiety, low socioeconomic status, and work and marital stress play an important role in IHD in women. Appropriate recognition and management of an array of risk factors is imperative given the growing burden of IHD and need to deliver cost-effective, quality care for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja K Mehta
- Barbra Streisand Women׳s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127S San Vicente Boulevard, A 3212, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
| | - Janet Wei
- Barbra Streisand Women׳s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127S San Vicente Boulevard, A 3212, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Nanette K Wenger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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