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Quinn J, Singh M, Bennetto J, Duong E, Tudor F, Platt S. The Epidemiology of Skateboarding Injuries: A 10-Year Review at a Major Australian Centre. Cureus 2024; 16:e55624. [PMID: 38586808 PMCID: PMC10995764 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The purpose of this study was to attempt to quantify the impact of skateboarding-related injuries on our local orthopaedic service. Method Every presentation to the emergency departments of Gold Coast health public hospitals was retrospectively reviewed to determine whether these were skateboarding-related injuries. Between 2008 and 2018, 5,026 injuries were identified. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, anatomic location of the injury, treatment, and medical specialty providing treatment were collected and analysed. Results Our investigation demonstrated that skateboarding injuries are common and cause significant trauma in a large percentage of cases. These injuries place a high demand on orthopaedic and emergency departments. This cohort demonstrated a male-to-female ratio of over 4:1. The most common injury type was fracture (44%), of which the upper limb (56%) was the most commonly affected anatomical region. Injuries to the wrist and hand account for 57% of all upper limb injuries, and ankle injuries account for 45% of lower limb injuries. Traumatic brain injuries and concussions account for 62% of all head injuries in this cohort. The mean age was 19 years, with a predominance of 18-25 years old. Only 14% of injuries occurred in those 30 and older. Definitive orthopaedic care, involving inpatient admissions and/or outpatient clinic follow-up, was required in at least 48% of cases, whilst 50% were able to be treated in the emergency department. Additionally, 86% of head injuries were able to be managed in the emergency department, and 11% required specialist neurosurgical management. Conclusion Skateboard-related injuries represent a significant burden of trauma to the local community, predominantly musculoskeletal injuries within the adolescent and young male adult population. This research may direct future strategies for harm minimization, specifically targeted at this demographic of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinn
- Orthopaedics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, AUS
| | - Michael Singh
- Orthopaedics, Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital, Brisbane, AUS
| | - Jake Bennetto
- Orthopaedics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, AUS
| | - Elliot Duong
- Orthopaedics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, AUS
| | - Francios Tudor
- Orthopaedics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, AUS
| | - Simon Platt
- Orthopaedics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, AUS
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Baus J, Nguyen E, Harry JR, Yang J. Relevant Biomechanical Variables in Skateboarding: A Literature Review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 52:29-39. [PMID: 38780104 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2024052903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Skateboarding, once regarded primarily as a means of transportation and entertainment for youth, has become a recognized professional sport, gaining global popularity. With its recent inclusion in the Olympics, a growing imperative exists to comprehensively understand biomechanics explaining skateboarding performance. This literature review seeks to consolidate knowledge within this domain, focusing on experimental and modeling studies about skateboard riding and tricks. The criteria for study selection encompassed content relevance and publication year, spanning from the last two decades and extending further back to 1980 following cross-referencing of seminal works. Peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and books were considered, with comprehensive searches conducted on electronic databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed, Scielo, and Taylor & Francis. Comprehending the biomechanical facets of skateboarding is essential in promoting its use and ensuring safety among all practitioners. Insights into factors such as body kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activation represent a foundational step toward understanding the nuances of this sport with implications for both clinical and biomechanical research. Modern data collection systems such as inertial measurement units (IMU) and electromyography (EMG) offer unprecedented insights into human performance during skateboarding, such as joint range of motion, coordination, and muscle activation, whether in casual riding or executing complex tricks and maneuvers. Developing robust modeling approaches also holds promise for enhancing skateboarding training and performance. Crucially, these models can serve as the initial framework for understanding injury mechanisms and implementing strategies to improve performance and mitigate injury risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Baus
- Human-Centric Design Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Ethan Nguyen
- Human-Centric Design Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - John R Harry
- Human Performance & Biomechanics Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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Waltzman D, Sarmiento K, Zhang X, Miller GF. Estimated prevalence of helmet use while bicycling, rollerblading, and skateboarding among middle school students in selected U.S. States- Youth Behavior Risk Survey, 2013-2019. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 87:367-374. [PMID: 38081708 PMCID: PMC10714050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helmet use helps prevent severe and fatal head and brain injuries from bicycle, rollerblade, and skateboard crashes. This study explores the prevalence of self-reported helmet use among middle school students while bicycling, skateboarding, and rollerblading. METHODS Data from the Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) for selected states were analyzed. Self-reported prevalence (frequency) of helmet use while bicycling, rollerblading, or skateboarding and other variables (sex, grade level, and race/ethnicity) are reported. RESULTS The overall prevalence of rarely or never wearing a helmet while bicycling among middle school students in selected states was 68.6%; decreasing from 71.7% in 2013 to 67.1% in 2019. The overall prevalence of rarely or never wearing a helmet while rollerblading or skateboarding in middle school students in selected states was 74.6%; decreasing from 76.4% in 2013 to 73.5% in 2019. Students in 7th and 8th grade and students of non-Hispanic race/ethnicity had significantly higher odds of rarely or never wearing a helmet while bicycling or while rollerblading and skateboarding than students in 6th grade and non-Hispanic White students. CONCLUSIONS While helmet use among middle school students improved over time, overall helmet use during bicycling, rollerblading, and skateboarding remained low. These estimates illustrate the continued call for universal implementation of helmet use efforts among kids using established strategies. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Future research on helmet use among youth who rollerblade and skateboard, as well as multi-pronged efforts to promote helmet use among middle schoolers who bicycle, skateboard, and rollerblade (inclusive of education, helmet distribution, and social marketing techniques, as well as the provision of helmets at no-cost) may be beneficial for addressing perceived risks for injury and other barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Waltzman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, United States.
| | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, United States
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, United States
| | - Gabrielle F Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, United States
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Sorenson TJ, Rich MD, Deitermann A, Gotlieb R, Garcia N, Barta RJ, Schubert W. Likelihood of Craniofacial Injury and Hospitalization with Alcohol Use While Skateboarding and Scootering. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2023; 16:34-38. [PMID: 36824181 PMCID: PMC9941291 DOI: 10.1177/19433875211069219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design: We designed a cross-sectional epidemiologic study to evaluate the influence of substance use on craniofacial injuries in a population of skateboard and scooter users. Objective: The primary outcome of our study was craniofacial injury. The secondary outcome was hospitalization. Methods: We report a cross-sectional study of patients reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, in the United States. Patients were included in our study if they were evaluated in the emergency department (ED) for a skateboard- or scooter-related injury. Results: There were over 5396 total patients who presented to a NEISS-participating ED after skateboard- or scooter- related trauma during the study period. There were 1136 patients with a craniofacial injury (primary endpoint), and patients under the influence of alcohol or drugs had greater odds of experiencing a craniofacial injury than those not under the influence (odds ratio [OR]: 4.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.24-5.32, P < .0001). Four hundred-thirty patients were hospitalized (secondary endpoint), and patients under the influence had greater odds of being hospitalized than those not under the influence (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.04-3.91, P < .0001). Conclusions: Alcohol and drug use while skateboarding or scootering drastically increases the likelihood of craniofacial injury and subsequent hospitalization and should be avoided whenever possible. The importance of wearing a helmet while operating these devices cannot be overstated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Rich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Rachael Gotlieb
- Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas Garcia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ruth J. Barta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Warren Schubert
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Yoon JH, Armstrong W, Philippopolous E, Dilworth N, Cheng I. Head Injuries in Rock Climbing: A Scoping Review. Wilderness Environ Med 2022; 33:479-487. [PMID: 36202720 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rock climbing was recognized as a sport at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Despite its increasing participation, there is no knowledge synthesis of head injuries (HIs), defined as any injury to the head, associated with climbing, making it challenging for clinicians to provide evidence-based care. Our aim was to synthesize HI literature within rock climbing and identify knowledge gaps. Six databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Medicine & Education Index, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane) were searched. Two reviewers screened 345 studies and 31 studies were selected for data abstraction. We found the quality of individual studies mainly "fair" to "good." Both HI and traumatic brain injury (TBI) had inconsistent definitions and categorization. The HIs represented between 0 to 36% of reported climbing injuries. Between 11 to 100% of HIs were TBIs, defined as an HI with permanent or temporary neurological sequelae. The most common causes of HIs were outdoor falls and falling objects. Climbing-specific factors associated with the causes were infrequently examined in the literature. Data sources of safety practices were incomplete. Overall, there was a lack of literature examining HIs, mechanisms of injury, and safety practices associated with climbing. To improve the tracking of HIs in climbing, we suggest the use of consistent reporting standards and the creation of a climbing injury surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyung Yoon
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Wes Armstrong
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Neil Dilworth
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Cleveland Clinic Midtown, Toronto, Canada; Halton Healthcare, Georgetown, Canada
| | - Ivy Cheng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Cleveland Clinic Midtown, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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