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Smetana RM, Kaplan DT, Magill RT, Denton AH, Ahmed OH, Broshek DK. Sport-Related Concussion in Para Athletes: A Scoping Review of Concussion Incidence, Assessment, and Management. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 103:858-865. [PMID: 38363715 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although research on sport-related concussion has grown substantially in the last decade, research on concussion in para sports remains limited. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize and describe the current literature on the incidence, assessment, and management of sport-related concussion in para athletes. The literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases and identified 22 studies that addressed one of our research questions. A majority of studies addressed concussion in elite athletes; youth and collegiate para athletes were largely underrepresented. Fewer studies addressed concussion assessment and management, in part due to limitations in accessibility of current assessment tools for athletes with varying disabilities. Moving forward, there is a need to capture a larger range of incidence data, create modified assessment tools with para-specific normative data, and develop risk prevention strategies for para athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal M Smetana
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (RMS, DTK, RTM, DKB); Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (AHD); FA Centre for Para Football Research, The Football Association, Burton-upon-Trent, United Kingdom (OHA); University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom (OHA); and School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom (OHA)
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Ryan T, Ryan L, Daly E. Concussion in Parasport: A Narrative Review of Research Published since the Concussion in Para Sport (CIPS) Group Statement (2021). Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1562. [PMID: 39201122 PMCID: PMC11353575 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sports-related concussion (SRC) is an injury whereby impact to the face/head/neck impairs cognitive functioning. Parasport athletes have an increased risk for SRC. The Previous Concussion in Sport Group iterations lack guidance for parasport SRC assessment, management, and return-to-play. This article aims to investigate the research relating to parasport SRCs published since the 2021 Concussion in Para Sport (CIPS) position statement and highlights possible new recommendations. A literature review of parasport concussions was conducted. Articles citing the 2021 publication and/or published since then were reviewed. Relevant data were extracted and discussed in this article. Since 2021, twelve (n = 12) articles emerged investigating parasport SRC. Parasport athletes experience greater concussion symptoms and severity scores compared to able-bodied athletes. Visually impaired athletes account for >50% of parasport SRCs. Wheelchair basketball and rugby have the highest SRC incidence rates across parasports. Current SRC assessment methodologies are not designed with consideration of parasport athletes' unique experiences. Guidelines lack a return-to-learning protocol, making returning to education/work challenging for such athletes. Understanding these athletes' SRC experiences is paramount in supporting their recovery. Specific guidelines for SRC assessment, management, return-to-play, and return-to-learn for parasport athletes are necessary to enhance their rehabilitation and avoid the occurrence of long-term symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ed Daly
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland (L.R.)
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Dyer B, Ahmed OH, Dahlén S, Dalton K, Derman W, Donaldson A, Fagher K, Lexell J, Pinheiro L, Van de Vliet P, Weiler R, Webborn N. Evaluation of the SCAT 5 tool in the assessment of concussion in Para athletes: a Delphi study. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:655-664. [PMID: 38684327 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if the sport concussion assessment tool version 5 (SCAT5) could be suitable for application to Para athletes with a visual impairment, a spinal cord injury, or a limb deficiency. METHODS A 16-member expert panel performed a Delphi technique protocol. The first round encompassed an open-ended questionnaire, with round 2 onwards being composed of a series of closed-ended statements requiring each expert's opinion using a five-point Likert scale. A predetermined threshold of 66% was used to decide whether agreement had been reached by the panel. RESULTS The Delphi study resulted in a four-round process. After round 1, 92 initial statements were constructed with 91 statements obtaining the targeted level of agreement by round 4. The expert panellist completion rate of the full four-round process was 94%. In the case of athletes with a suspected concussion with either limb deficiencies or spinal cord injuries, the panel agreed that a baseline assessment would be needed on record is ideal before a modified SCAT5 assessment. With respect to visual impairments, it was conceded that some tests were either difficult, infeasible or should be omitted entirely depending on the type of visual impairment. CONCLUSION It is proposed that the SCAT5 could be conducted on athletes with limb deficiencies or spinal cord injuries with some minor modifications and by establishing a baseline assessment to form a comparison. However, it cannot be recommended for athletes with visual impairment in its current form. Further research is needed to determine how potential concussions could be more effectively evaluated in athletes with different impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Dyer
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
- The FA Centre for Para Football Research, The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
| | - Sara Dahlén
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Dalton
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne Derman
- Dept of Exercise, Sport & Lifestyle Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Amber Donaldson
- United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- US Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristina Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Larissa Pinheiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Weiler
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sport & Exercise Medicine Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Nick Webborn
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Ott S, Redell J, Cheema S, Schatz P, Becker E. Progesterone Levels in Adolescent Female Athletes May Contribute to Decreased Cognitive Performance During Acute Phase of Sports-Related Concussion. Dev Neuropsychol 2024; 49:86-97. [PMID: 38314752 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2024.2309556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Although many outcome studies pertaining to sports-related concussion exist, female athletes with concussion remain an understudied group. We examined whether neurocognitive performance in adolescent females with sports-related concussion (SRC) is related to menstrual cycle-related hormone levels measured at one-week post-concussion, one-month post-concussion, or both. Thirty-eight female athletes, ages 14-18, were matched into two groups: SRC or healthy control. Self-reported symptom scores were higher among concussed females in the luteal phase, when progesterone levels are highest. Results suggest that progesterone levels may contribute to a heightened experience of symptoms during the acute phase of SRC, providing further evidence of a possible link between progesterone and symptom scores following concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Ott
- Health Science Center at Houston John P and Katherine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas
| | - John Redell
- Health Science Center at Houston John P and Katherine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas
| | - Sukhnandan Cheema
- Health Science Center at Houston John P and Katherine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas
| | - Philip Schatz
- College of Arts & Sciences, Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Becker
- Department of Pyschology and Neuroscience, Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin, USA
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Thomas E, Chih H, Thorne J, Fitzgerald M, Cowen G. A retrospective analysis of concussion and post-concussional syndrome diagnoses in Western Australian emergency departments. Injury 2024; 55:111333. [PMID: 38280260 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To determine the rate of concussion diagnoses per capita recorded in hospital emergency departments in Western Australia (WA) from 2002-2018 for ICD-10-AM concussion diagnoses S06.00-S06.05, and post-concussional syndrome (PCS) (F07.2). DESIGN, SETTING AND ANALYSIS Retrospective analysis of hospital Emergency Department (ED) presentations and hospital admissions from all WA hospitals for all patients with an ICD-10-AM diagnosis code for concussion and post-concussional syndrome (PCS) over the period 2002-2018. Data pertaining to concussion and PCS presentations were extracted from the WA Department of Health Emergency Department Data Collection (EDDC). Total case numbers were aggregated by year (2002-2018) and regions of WA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rates of diagnoses were calculated based on the population in the specific region and expressed as incidence rate per 100,000 person-years. The overall trends of diagnoses across the regions were analysed using negative binomial regression models and expressed as incidence rate ratio (IRR) with the corresponding 95 % CI, whilst adjusting for region. Tests for linearity were also performed. RESULTS The rate of concussion diagnosis had significantly increased linearly over the years (p for trend: p < 0.001) whilst the rate of PCS diagnosis had significantly declined linearly over the same period (p for trend: p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There was significant increase in all-cause ICD-10-AM concussion diagnoses in WA emergency departments. To further clarify the incidence and prevalence of all-cause concussion in Australia, investigation must focus on truly reflective S06.0 codes and include data linkage to primary care data. Conversely PCS ED presentations reduced; whether this relates to a change in where presentations occur for management of such a diagnosis, improved early intervention or an alternative explanation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - HuiJun Chih
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Jacinta Thorne
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6012, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research, Institute Building, 8 Verdum Street, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6012, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6012, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research, Institute Building, 8 Verdum Street, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Gill Cowen
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6012, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6012, Australia.
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Teodoro JI, Irving EL, Blaine JD, Dalton KN. An Urgent Call for Concussion Incidence Measures in Para Sport for Athletes with Vision Impairment: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:525. [PMID: 38470636 PMCID: PMC10931318 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Concussion in para athletes with vision impairment (VI) is poorly understood. Recently published studies have suggested that athletes with VI may be more likely to sustain sport-related concussions compared to non-disabled athletes and athletes with other impairment types. There is a critical need for objective concussion incidence measures to determine concussion injury rates and risks more accurately. The aim of this review was to examine the limited available evidence of concussion incidence rates across six different para sports for athletes with VI and encourage the future collection of concussion incidence data and the adoption of injury prevention strategies in VI para sport. A literature search was conducted using four unique databases, which formed the basis of this narrative review. Injury prevention strategies such as modifying sport rules, introducing protective equipment, and incorporating additional safety measures into the field of play have been introduced sporadically, but the effectiveness of most strategies remains unknown. More prospective, sport-specific research examining mechanisms of injury and risk factors for concussion injuries in athletes with VI in both training and competition is needed. This research will help inform the development of targeted injury prevention strategies to reduce the likelihood of concussion for athletes with VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette I. Teodoro
- Vision and Motor Performance Lab, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Elizabeth L. Irving
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Jane D. Blaine
- British Columbia Blind Sports and Recreation Association, Burnaby, BC V5H 4K7, Canada;
| | - Kristine N. Dalton
- Vision and Motor Performance Lab, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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Purcell L, Ahmed OH, Blauwet C, Meeuwisse W, Schneider KJ. Jamie Kissick: a champion for concussion education and Para sport. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:235-236. [PMID: 38286572 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Purcell
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
- The FA Centre for Para Football Research, The Football Association, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Willem Meeuwisse
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Davis GA, Schneider KJ, Anderson V, Babl FE, Barlow KM, Blauwet CA, Bressan S, Broglio SP, Emery CA, Echemendia RJ, Gagnon I, Gioia GA, Giza CC, Leddy JJ, Master CL, McCrea M, McNamee MJ, Meehan WP, Purcell L, Putukian M, Moser RS, Takagi M, Yeates KO, Zemek R, Patricios JS. Pediatric Sport-Related Concussion: Recommendations From the Amsterdam Consensus Statement 2023. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063489. [PMID: 38044802 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 6th International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport, Amsterdam 2022, addressed sport-related concussion (SRC) in adults, adolescents, and children. We highlight the updated evidence-base and recommendations regarding SRC in children (5-12 years) and adolescents (13-18 years). Prevention strategies demonstrate lower SRC rates with mouthguard use, policy disallowing bodychecking in ice hockey, and neuromuscular training in adolescent rugby. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tools (SCAT) demonstrate robustness with the parent and child symptom scales, with the best diagnostic discrimination within the first 72 hours postinjury. Subacute evaluation (>72 hours) requires a multimodal tool incorporating symptom scales, balance measures, cognitive, oculomotor and vestibular, mental health, and sleep assessment, to which end the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tools (SCOAT6 [13+] and Child SCOAT6 [8-12]) were developed. Rather than strict rest, early return to light physical activity and reduced screen time facilitate recovery. Cervicovestibular rehabilitation is recommended for adolescents with dizziness, neck pain, and/or headaches for greater than 10 days. Active rehabilitation and collaborative care for adolescents with persisting symptoms for more than 30 days may decrease symptoms. No tests and measures other than standardized and validated symptom rating scales are valid for diagnosing persisting symptoms after concussion. Fluid and imaging biomarkers currently have limited clinical utility in diagnosing or assessing recovery from SRC. Improved paradigms for return to school were developed. The variable nature of disability and differences in evaluating para athletes and those of diverse ethnicity, sex, and gender are discussed, as are ethical considerations and future directions in pediatric SRC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neurosurgery, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Departments of Paediatrics and Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen M Barlow
- University of Queensland, Children's Hospital and Health Services,Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheri A Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute
| | - Ruben J Echemendia
- University Orthopedics Concussion Care Clinic, State College, Pennsylvania
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Isabelle Gagnon
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - John J Leddy
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Christina L Master
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Laura Purcell
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Takagi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Helmich I, Chang YY, Gemmerich R, Rodrigo L, Funken J, Arun KM, Van de Vliet P. Neurobehavioral consequences of repetitive head impacts in Para swimming: A case report. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:16-19. [PMID: 37923648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Para swimmers with limb deficiency are faced with the particular situation that they must use their head to finish each competition by a hit to the wall. Repetitive head impacts may impair behavioral and brain functions. We therefore investigated neurobehavioral functions of a Para swimmer with dysmelia before and after repetitive head impacts (T1) and without (T2). Average head impact at T1 constituted 13.6 g with a mean impact force of 6689.9 N. Behavioral and brain functions decreased from pre to post at T1 but not at T2. Para swimmers with limb deficiency are therefore affected from the same consequences onto brain health that are observed after repeated sport-related concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Helmich
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany.
| | - Y Y Chang
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany
| | - R Gemmerich
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany
| | - L Rodrigo
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany
| | - J Funken
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, GSU Cologne, Germany
| | - K M Arun
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA
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Moore S, Musgrave C, Sandler J, Bradley B, Jones JRA. Early intervention treatment in the first 2 weeks following concussion in adults: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 65:59-73. [PMID: 38065015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE International guidelines support a repertoire of therapeutic interventions that may assist recovery following concussion. We aimed to systematically review the efficacy of early pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions initiated within two weeks of injury on symptoms and functional recovery of adults with concussion. METHODS We conducted a Systematic Review (SR) of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) without meta-analysis utilising the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed of four databases. Study inclusion criteria were adult participants diagnosed with concussion and commencing active intervention within 14 days of injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Of 7531 studies identified, 11 were included in the final review. Six studies were rated as high-risk of bias, three with some concerns and two as low-risk of bias. We found no evidence to support specific pharmacotherapeutic management to hasten the natural recovery time-course. Two studies reported significant improvement in selected concussion symptoms following manual therapy (at 48-72 hours post-treatment) or telephone counselling interventions (at 6 months post-injury). No high quality RCTs demonstrate superior effects of early therapeutic interventions on concussion recovery in the first 2 weeks. We advocate future research to examine impacts of health-clinician contact points aligned with symptom-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Moore
- Physiotherapy Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Chris Musgrave
- Physiotherapy Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Sandler
- Physiotherapy Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Bradley
- Physiotherapy Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer R A Jones
- Physiotherapy Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Physiotherapy Department, Division of Allied Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Tsutsumi S, Sasadai J, Maeda N, Shimizu R, Suzuki A, Fukui K, Arima S, Tashiro T, Kaneda K, Yoshimi M, Mizuta R, Ishihara H, Esaki H, Tsuchida K, Terada T, Komiya M, Urabe Y. Head Impact in Blind Football During the Tokyo Paralympics: Video-Based Observational Study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:836-839. [PMID: 36757853 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Head impacts during blind football are common and have high injury rates; however, their characteristics and impact are still underreported. We compared head impact characteristics in blind football players with and without falls on all 18 official blind football match videos from the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic games. The rate of head impacts with falls was significantly higher in the preliminary phase, offense phase, and during dribbling. Significant differences in the region of the head impacted were also observed among the impact subjects/objects. The findings in this study would contribute to the development of injury prevention measures to minimize head injuries from head impact in blind football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsutsumi
- From the Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (ST, NM, KF, SA, T Tashiro, KK, MY, RM, HI, HE, KT, T Terada, MK, YU); and Sports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan (JS, RS, AS)
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12
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Barfield JP, Linens S, Mickle A. King-Devick Test in Wheelchair Sports: Identifying Normative Values and Effects of Exertion on Outcomes. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:552-556. [PMID: 36853901 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish normative baseline values on the King-Devick (KD) Test for contact wheelchair sport participants. The secondary purpose was to examine the effect of physical exertion on test score. DESIGN Quasiexperimental. SETTING Competitive disability sport venues before practices or games. PARTICIPANTS One-hundred 43 wheelchair rugby or wheelchair basketball (WBB) players completed the study. Participants were predominantly men (87.5%) and played WBB (84%). INTERVENTION 30-m wheelchair sprint test to fatigue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE King-Devick Baseline Score. RESULTS Mean KD baseline score was 59.16 ± 15.56 seconds with significant differences ( P < 0.05) identified by sport and impairment type, but not sex. Athletes with spina bifida and cerebral palsy had significantly higher mean baseline KD times than athletes with spinal cord injury. KD scores improved by 3.5% in athletes who reported "light" to "somewhat hard" exertion (RPE = 13). In a subset of athletes who performed sprints until an RPE of 18 was reached, 8 of 12 players (66.7%) demonstrated an improvement in KD score; however, large increases by a few participants caused the noticeable change. CONCLUSIONS Normative values for wheelchair contact sport athletes are meaningfully slower than able-bodied sports participants. KD score improved with exertion with the greater improvement after moderate-intensity compared with vigorous-intensity exercise. These findings can be applied clinically to monitor athlete safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Barfield
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC; and
| | - Shelley Linens
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC; and
| | - Angela Mickle
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Radford University, Radford, VA
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13
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Echemendia RJ, Burma JS, Bruce JM, Davis GA, Giza CC, Guskiewicz KM, Naidu D, Black AM, Broglio S, Kemp S, Patricios JS, Putukian M, Zemek R, Arango-Lasprilla JC, Bailey CM, Brett BL, Didehbani N, Gioia G, Herring SA, Howell D, Master CL, Valovich McLeod TC, Meehan WP, Premji Z, Salmon D, van Ierssel J, Bhathela N, Makdissi M, Walton SR, Kissick J, Pardini J, Schneider KJ. Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:722-735. [PMID: 37316213 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the scientific literature regarding the acute assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC) and provide recommendations for improving the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6). DATA SOURCES Systematic searches of seven databases from 2001 to 2022 using key words and controlled vocabulary relevant to concussion, sports, SCAT, and acute evaluation. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (1) Original research articles, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series with a sample of >10; (2) ≥80% SRC; and (3) studies using a screening tool/technology to assess SRC acutely (<7 days), and/or studies containing psychometric/normative data for common tools used to assess SRC. DATA EXTRACTION Separate reviews were conducted involving six subdomains: Cognition, Balance/Postural Stability, Oculomotor/Cervical/Vestibular, Emerging Technologies, and Neurological Examination/Autonomic Dysfunction. Paediatric/Child studies were included in each subdomain. Risk of Bias and study quality were rated by coauthors using a modified SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) tool. RESULTS Out of 12 192 articles screened, 612 were included (189 normative data and 423 SRC assessment studies). Of these, 183 focused on cognition, 126 balance/postural stability, 76 oculomotor/cervical/vestibular, 142 emerging technologies, 13 neurological examination/autonomic dysfunction, and 23 paediatric/child SCAT. The SCAT discriminates between concussed and non-concussed athletes within 72 hours of injury with diminishing utility up to 7 days post injury. Ceiling effects were apparent on the 5-word list learning and concentration subtests. More challenging tests, including the 10-word list, were recommended. Test-retest data revealed limitations in temporal stability. Studies primarily originated in North America with scant data on children. CONCLUSION Support exists for using the SCAT within the acute phase of injury. Maximal utility occurs within the first 72 hours and then diminishes up to 7 days after injury. The SCAT has limited utility as a return to play tool beyond 7 days. Empirical data are limited in pre-adolescents, women, sport type, geographical and culturally diverse populations and para athletes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020154787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Echemendia
- Concussion Care Clinic, University Orthopedics, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Joel S Burma
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jared M Bruce
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Neurosurgery, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Pediatrics/Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Matthew Gfeller Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dhiren Naidu
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Steven Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Simon Kemp
- Sports Medicine, Rugby Football Union, London, UK
| | - Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher M Bailey
- Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin L Brett
- Neurosurgery/ Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Gerry Gioia
- Depts of Pediatrics and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Stanley A Herring
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Howell
- Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Tamara C Valovich McLeod
- Department of Athletic Training and School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zahra Premji
- Libraries, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Neil Bhathela
- UCLA Health Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel R Walton
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - James Kissick
- Dept of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie Pardini
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Patricios JS, Schneider GM, van Ierssel J, Purcell LK, Davis GA, Echemendia RJ, Fremont P, Fuller GW, Herring SA, Harmon KG, Holte K, Loosemore M, Makdissi M, McCrea M, Meehan WP, O'Halloran P, Premji Z, Putukian M, Shill IJ, Turner M, Vaandering K, Webborn N, Yeates KO, Schneider KJ. Beyond acute concussion assessment to office management: a systematic review informing the development of a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6) for adults and children. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:737-748. [PMID: 37316204 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the scientific literature regarding the assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC) in the subacute phase (3-30 days) and provide recommendations for developing a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6). DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science searched from 2001 to 2022. Data extracted included study design, population, definition of SRC diagnosis, outcome measure(s) and results. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (1) Original research, cohort studies, case-control studies, diagnostic accuracy and case series with samples >10; (2) SRC; (3) screening/technology that assessed SRC in the subacute period and (4) low risk of bias (ROB). ROB was performed using adapted Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy classification. RESULTS Of 9913 studies screened, 127 met inclusion, assessing 12 overlapping domains. Results were summarised narratively. Studies of acceptable (81) or high (2) quality were used to inform the SCOAT6, finding sufficient evidence for including the assessment of autonomic function, dual gait, vestibular ocular motor screening (VOMS) and mental health screening. CONCLUSION Current SRC tools have limited utility beyond 72 hours. Incorporation of a multimodal clinical assessment in the subacute phase of SRC may include symptom evaluation, orthostatic hypotension screen, verbal neurocognitive tests, cervical spine evaluation, neurological screen, Modified Balance Error Scoring System, single/dual task tandem gait, modified VOMS and provocative exercise tests. Screens for sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression are recommended. Studies to evaluate the psychometric properties, clinical feasibility in different environments and time frames are needed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020154787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - Geoff M Schneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Laura K Purcell
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruben J Echemendia
- Psychology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University Orthopedics Concussion Care Clinic, State College Area School District, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pierre Fremont
- Rehabilitation, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gordon Ward Fuller
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stanley A Herring
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Mike Loosemore
- Institute for Sport Exercise and Health, University Collage Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCrea
- Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick O'Halloran
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Health Education England West Midlands, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Zahra Premji
- Libraries, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Isla Jordan Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Turner
- International Concussion and Head Injury Research Foundation, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenzie Vaandering
- University of Calgary Faculty of Kinesiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nick Webborn
- Medical Committee, International Paralympic Committee, Bonn, Germany
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Echemendia RJ, Brett BL, Broglio S, Davis GA, Giza CC, Guskiewicz KM, Harmon KG, Herring S, Howell DR, Master CL, Valovich McLeod TC, McCrea M, Naidu D, Patricios J, Putukian M, Walton SR, Schneider KJ, Burma JS, Bruce JM. Introducing the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6). Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:619-621. [PMID: 37316207 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Echemendia
- Psychology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Psychological and Neurobehavioral Associates, Inc
| | - Benjamin L Brett
- Neurosurgery/Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Steven Broglio
- Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Neurosurgery, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Pediatrics/Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Stanley Herring
- Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David R Howell
- Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina L Master
- Division of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The Children's Hosputal of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Michael McCrea
- Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dhiren Naidu
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WISH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwaterstrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Margot Putukian
- Athletic Medicine, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Samuel R Walton
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel S Burma
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jared M Bruce
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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16
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Patricios JS, Schneider KJ, Dvorak J, Ahmed OH, Blauwet C, Cantu RC, Davis GA, Echemendia RJ, Makdissi M, McNamee M, Broglio S, Emery CA, Feddermann-Demont N, Fuller GW, Giza CC, Guskiewicz KM, Hainline B, Iverson GL, Kutcher JS, Leddy JJ, Maddocks D, Manley G, McCrea M, Purcell LK, Putukian M, Sato H, Tuominen MP, Turner M, Yeates KO, Herring SA, Meeuwisse W. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport-Amsterdam, October 2022. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:695-711. [PMID: 37316210 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, the Concussion in Sport Group has held meetings and developed five international statements on concussion in sport. This 6th statement summarises the processes and outcomes of the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Amsterdam on 27-30 October 2022 and should be read in conjunction with the (1) methodology paper that outlines the consensus process in detail and (2) 10 systematic reviews that informed the conference outcomes. Over 3½ years, author groups conducted systematic reviews of predetermined priority topics relevant to concussion in sport. The format of the conference, expert panel meetings and workshops to revise or develop new clinical assessment tools, as described in the methodology paper, evolved from previous consensus meetings with several new components. Apart from this consensus statement, the conference process yielded revised tools including the Concussion Recognition Tool-6 (CRT6) and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-6 (SCAT6, Child SCAT6), as well as a new tool, the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool-6 (SCOAT6, Child SCOAT6). This consensus process also integrated new features including a focus on the para athlete, the athlete's perspective, concussion-specific medical ethics and matters related to both athlete retirement and the potential long-term effects of SRC, including neurodegenerative disease. This statement summarises evidence-informed principles of concussion prevention, assessment and management, and emphasises those areas requiring more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Schulthess Clinic Human Performance Lab, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
- The FA Centre for Para Football Research, The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Kelley Adaptive Sports Research Institute, Spaulding Rehabilitation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruben J Echemendia
- Psychology, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Psychological and Neurobehavioral Associates, Inc, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health-Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McNamee
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- School of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Steven Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nina Feddermann-Demont
- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Sports Neuroscience, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gordon Ward Fuller
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Neurosurgery, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Pediatrics/Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Matthew Gfeller Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Hainline
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sports Concussion Program, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - John J Leddy
- UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicne, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - David Maddocks
- Melbourne Neuropsychology Services & Perry Maddocks Trollope Lawyers, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoff Manley
- Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael McCrea
- Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura K Purcell
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Haruhiko Sato
- Neurosurgery, Seirei Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Michael Turner
- International Concussion and Head Injury Research Foundation, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stanley A Herring
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Heron N, Jones N, Cardwell C, Gomes C. 'If in Doubt, Sit Them Out': How Long to Return to Elite Cycling Competition following a Sports-Related Concussion (SRC)? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085449. [PMID: 37107731 PMCID: PMC10138273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A concussion or sports-related concussion (SRC) is a traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces. After a SRC diagnosis is made, a concussed individual must undergo a period away from competition while they return to their baseline level of functioning. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) currently recommend a minimum of 6 days restriction from competitive cycling following a SRC but there is a growing feeling amongst those involved in brain injury research that this period is too short. Therefore, how much time should cyclists be removed from competitive sporting action following a SRC? AIMS To review the time out of competition following the diagnosis of a SRC for elite cyclists within British Cycling (BC). METHODS All medical records for elite cyclists within BC were audited for diagnoses of "concussion" or "sports-related concussions" from January 2017 until September 2022. The days out of competition following the concussion until ready to compete again (that is, returned to full training) was then calculated. All diagnoses and management of SRC were undertaken by the medical team at BC and in-keeping with current international guidelines. RESULTS Between January 2017 and September 2022, there were 88 concussions diagnosed, 54 being males and 8 in para-athletes. The median duration for time out of competition for all concussions was 16 days. There was no statistical difference between males (median 15.5 days) and females (median 17.5 days) for time out of competition (p-value 0.25). The median duration out of competition following a concussion for able-bodied athletes was 16 (80 athletes) compared to 51 days (8 athletes) in para-cyclists, which was not statistically different (p-value 0.39). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report SRC concussion recovery times in elite cycling, including para-athletes. Between January 2017 and September 2022, there were 88 concussions diagnosed at BC and the median duration for time out of competition for all concussions was 16 days. There was no statistically significant difference in recovery times between male and females and para- and able-bodied athletes. This data should be used to help establish minimum withdrawal times post-SRC for elite cycling participation and we call on the UCI to review this data when establishing SRC protocols for cycling, with further research required in para-cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Medical Department, British Cycling, Manchester M11 4DQ, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Nigel Jones
- Medical Department, British Cycling, Manchester M11 4DQ, UK
| | | | - Clint Gomes
- Medical Department, British Cycling, Manchester M11 4DQ, UK
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18
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Weiler R, Ahmed OH, Mechelen WV, Verhagen E, Bolling C. Concussion through my eyes: a qualitative study exploring concussion experiences and perceptions of male English blind footballers. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:578-589. [PMID: 36792363 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Athletes with impairments play sports with a risk of sustaining head injuries and concussions. However, the scientific knowledge needed to improve care is lacking. This qualitative study explores English blind 5-a-side footballers' perceptions of concussion, concussion risks and prevention to improve para concussion care. METHODS Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with male English blind footballers (six current and three retired). Data were analysed by thematic analysis using a six-stage approach. RESULTS Blind footballers were not sure about the number of concussions they had sustained. They lacked an understanding of what to experience when concussed, and they perceived the diagnosis and experience of a concussion to be different for a person without vision. Perceived concussion severity and previous concussion experiences were key concepts affecting their concussion reporting behaviours. Participants mentioned spatial orientation and sleep are important to function in daily life and were affected by concussions. However, these factors are not adequately included in current assessment tools or clinical guidance for sports-related concussions. CONCLUSION Blind footballers suggested the quality and accuracy of reported concussions were impacted by lack of concussion experience, knowledge and concomitant impairment. A better understanding of concussion symptoms and injury mechanisms will improve concussion reporting for athletes with visual impairments. These athlete insights should guide future studies and para sports governing body initiatives to improve concussion reporting, diagnosis and management in para athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weiler
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Para Football Foundation, Arnhem, The Netherlands.,Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,The Football Association, Burton-upon-Trent, UK
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Weiler R, Ahmed OH, Mechelen WV, Verhagen E, Virgile A, Bolling C. Infographic. Concussion through my eyes: a qualitative study exploring concussion experiences and perceptions of male English blind footballers. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:611-612. [PMID: 36717215 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weiler
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Para Football Foundation, Arnhem, The Netherlands.,Sport & Exercise Medicine, Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,The Football Association, Burton-upon-Trent, UK
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Virgile
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Runciman P, Blauwet C, Kissick J, Lexell J, Schwellnus M, Webborn N, Derman W. 'Heading' in the right direction: concussions reported at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2022; 57:bjsports-2022-106550. [PMID: 36588429 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Runciman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Kissick
- Deptartment of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Lexell
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa
- IOC Research Centre, South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nick Webborn
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- IOC Research Centre, South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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21
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Olive LS, Rice SM, Gao C, Pilkington V, Walton CC, Butterworth M, Abbott L, Cross G, Clements M, Purcell R. Risk and protective factors for mental ill-health in elite para- and non-para athletes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:939087. [PMID: 36118450 PMCID: PMC9480503 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.939087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To apply a socioecological approach to identify risk and protective factors across levels of the “sports-ecosystem,” which are associated with mental health outcomes among athletes in para-sports and non-para sports. A further aim is to determine whether para athletes have unique risks and protective factor profiles compared to non-para athletes. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous online-survey was provided to all categorized (e.g., highest level) athletes aged 16 years and older, registered with the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Mental health outcomes included mental health symptoms (GHQ-28), general psychological distress (K-10), risky alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and eating disorder risk (BEDA-Q). Risk and protective factors across multiple levels of the socioecological model, including individual, microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem level factors were assessed via self-report. Results A total of 427 elite athletes (71 para and 356 non-para athletes) participated in the study. No significant differences in the rates of mental health problems were observed between para and non-para athletes. Both differences and similarities in risk and protective factor profiles were found across the multiple levels of the sports-ecosystem. Weak evidence was also found to support the hypothesis that certain risk factors, including experiencing two or more adverse life events in the past year, sports related concussion, high self-stigma, inadequate social support and low psychological safety conferred a greater risk for poorer mental health outcomes for para athletes in particular. Conclusion Risk factors occurring across various levels of the sports ecosystem, including individual, interpersonal and organizational level risk factors were found to be associated with a range of poorer mental health outcomes. The association between mental ill-health and certain risk factors, particularly those at the individual and microsystem level, appear to be greater for para athletes. These findings have important implications for policy and mental health service provision in elite sports settings, highlighting the need for more nuanced approaches to subpopulations, and the delivery of mental health interventions across all levels of the sports ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Olive
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lisa S. Olive,
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline Gao
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vita Pilkington
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney C. Walton
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matt Butterworth
- Athlete Wellbeing and Engagement, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Gemma Cross
- Athlete Wellbeing and Engagement, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matti Clements
- Athlete Wellbeing and Engagement, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Fukui K, Maeda N, Sasadai J, Shimizu R, Tsutsumi S, Arima S, Tashiro T, Kaneda K, Yoshimi M, Mizuta R, Abekura T, Esaki H, Terada T, Komiya M, Suzuki A, Urabe Y. Analysis of wheelchair falls in team sports at the Paralympic Games: video-based descriptive comparison between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 games. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060937. [PMID: 36041763 PMCID: PMC9438005 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the fall characteristics of athletes in wheelchair rugby and wheelchair basketball during the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games and descriptively compare these with those of the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We obtained video footage from the International Paralympic Committee of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games that included 8 teams from each of the 18 wheelchair rugby and 10 wheelchair basketball games (men and women). The data were analysed to evaluate the number of falls, class difference (low or high pointer), time of play during the fall, phase of play, contact with other athletes, fall direction, fall location and the body part that first contacted the floor during the fall. These data from the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 games were compared. RESULTS Overall, 430 falls (rugby, 104; men's basketball, 230 and women's basketball, 96) occurred (average per game ±SD: 5.8±3.1, 23.0±5.4 and 9.6±5.0, respectively). Significant differences in class, direction, fall location and body part point of contact between the three sports were observed. In wheelchair rugby, falls occurred mainly in high pointers and tended to be more lateral due to contact. In wheelchair basketball, falls occurred more in female high-pointers and in male low pointers, with more forward falls due to forward contact. Unlike in the Rio 2016 games, no difference between the events based on the presence or absence of contact was observed in the Tokyo 2020 games. CONCLUSIONS The number of falls increased in Tokyo 2020 compared with Rio 2016, with no significant difference in the characteristics of falls between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 games. Only in men's wheelchair basketball, the number of falls in low pointers significantly increased in the Tokyo 2020 games when compared with that in the Rio 2016 games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fukui
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junpei Sasadai
- Sports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reia Shimizu
- Sports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tashiro
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kaneda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimi
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rami Mizuta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeru Abekura
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hinata Esaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoki Terada
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Komiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Sports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Urabe
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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23
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Adaptive Sports in Spinal Cord Injury: a Systematic Review. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2022; 10:145-153. [PMID: 35821797 PMCID: PMC9261885 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-022-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Recent Findings Summary
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24
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Sá K, Costa e Silva A, Gorla J, Silva A, Magno e Silva M. Injuries in Wheelchair Basketball Players: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5869. [PMID: 35627406 PMCID: PMC9141608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports injuries have physical and psychological effects that negatively affect sports performance. Although there are data available on sports injuries in wheelchair basketball, some aspects need to be clarified, such as the location, mechanisms and risk factors for injury, which are not well described due to variations and/or a lack of definition of injury. The aim of this study was to determine epidemiological information, primary injury characteristics and affected body regions in wheelchair basketball players; Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were used; Results: eight articles were included in this review. The shoulder was the body region most affected (N = 60; 22.1%). When divided by body segments, the upper limbs were the most affected (N = 128; 47.2%), followed by the head and/or face (N = 53; 19.5%), trunk (included spine and ribs) (N = 48; 17.8%) and lower limbs (N = 42; 15.5%); Conclusions: wheelchair basketball players suffer a large number of injuries with different characteristics that are mainly linked to biomechanics and sport. These results can be used to guide coaches in structuring training to minimize recurring injuries, in addition to assisting in the organization of medical teams in competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sá
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, Brazil;
| | - Anselmo Costa e Silva
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - José Gorla
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, Brazil;
| | - Andressa Silva
- School Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Marília Magno e Silva
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
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25
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Fagher K, Badenhorst M, Van de Vliet P. Sports physiotherapy - Actions to optimize the health of Para athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1376-1378. [PMID: 34909244 PMCID: PMC8637264 DOI: 10.26603/001c.29910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University; The Medical Committee, The Swedish Paralympic Committee
| | - M Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology; Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centres
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26
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Weiler R, Blauwet C, Clarke D, Dalton K, Derman W, Fagher K, Gouttebarge V, Kissick J, Lee K, Lexell J, Van de Vliet P, Verhagen E, Webborn N, Virgile A, Ahmed OH. Infographic. The first position statement of the Concussion in Para Sport Group. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:417-418. [PMID: 34610914 PMCID: PMC8938659 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weiler
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sport & Exercise Medicine, Fortius Clinic, London, UK.,Para Football Foundation, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation, Spaulding Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Kelley Adaptive Sports Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Clarke
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kristine Dalton
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division Orthopaedic Surgery, Dept of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,IOC Research Center, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kristina Fagher
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Section of Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - James Kissick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Committee, International Paralympic Committee, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Spinal Cord Injury/Disorder, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jan Lexell
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Medical Committee, International Paralympic Committee, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Peter Van de Vliet
- Immune-Oncological Centre Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Former Medical & Scientific Director International Paralympic Committee, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nick Webborn
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Adam Virgile
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- Para Football Foundation, Arnhem, The Netherlands.,Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK.,University of Portsmouth School of Sport Health and Exercise Science, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
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