1
|
Roe G, Sawczuk T, Owen C, Tooby J, Starling L, Gilthorpe MS, Falvey É, Hendricks S, Rasmussen K, Readhead C, Salmon D, Stokes K, Tucker R, Jones B. Head Acceleration Events During Tackle, Ball-Carry, and Ruck Events in Professional Southern Hemisphere Men's Rugby Union Matches: A Study Using Instrumented Mouthguards. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14676. [PMID: 38867444 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Describe head acceleration events (HAEs) experienced by professional male rugby union players during tackle, ball-carry, and ruck events using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). DESIGN Prospective observational cohort. METHODS Players competing in the 2023 Currie Cup (141 players) and Super Rugby (66 players) seasons wore iMGs. The iMG-recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak angular acceleration (PAA) were used as in vivo HAE approximations and linked to contact-event data captured using video analysis. Using the maximum PLA and PAA per contact event (HAEmax), ordinal mixed-effects regression models estimated the probabilities of HAEmax magnitude ranges occurring, while accounting for the multilevel data structure. RESULTS As HAEmax magnitude increased the probability of occurrence decreased. The probability of a HAEmax ≥15g was 0.461 (0.435-0.488) (approximately 1 in every 2) and ≥45g was 0.031 (0.025-0.037) (1 in every 32) during ball carries. The probability of a HAEmax >15g was 0.381 (0.360-0.404) (1 in every 3) and >45g 0.019 (0.015-0.023) (1 in every 53) during tackles. The probability of higher magnitude HAEmax occurring was greatest during ball carries, followed by tackles, defensive rucks and attacking rucks, with some ruck types having similar profiles to tackles and ball carries. No clear differences between positions were observed. CONCLUSION Higher magnitude HAEmax were relatively infrequent in professional men's rugby union players. Contact events appear different, but no differences were found between positions. The occurrence of HAEmax was associated with roles players performed within contact events, not their actual playing position. Defending rucks may warrant greater consideration in injury prevention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Roe
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas Sawczuk
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
| | - James Tooby
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Lindsay Starling
- World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Éanna Falvey
- World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Rasmussen
- New Zealand Rugby Union, People Safety & Wellbeing, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Clint Readhead
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South Africa Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Keith Stokes
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Ross Tucker
- World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
den Hollander S, Lambert M, Davidow D, Jones B, Hendricks S. Relationships of Contact Technique in Training and Matches With Performance and Injury Outcomes in Male Rugby Union. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:982-995. [PMID: 37536673 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were 3-fold: (1) to compare technical proficiency scores between training and matches for tackling, ball-carrying, and rucking outcomes; (2) to determine the relationship between technique in training and technique in matches for tackling, ball carrying, and rucking; and (3) to determine how contact technique (in training and matches) relates to match performance and injury outcomes. Twenty-four male players from an amateur rugby union club participated in the study. At the beginning of the season, players' contact technique proficiency was assessed in a training drill. Contact technique in matches was assessed during 14 competitive matches. The technique proficiency was assessed using standardized criteria, and the outcomes of each tackle, ball carry, and ruck were recorded. In training and matches, positive performance outcomes were associated with higher contact technique proficiency scores. For instance, in both settings, tackle technique was significantly lower in missed tackles when compared to effective and ineffective tackles. Players' contact technique scores in matches also had a positive effect on their tackle performance in matches. Ball-carry technique was associated with tackle breaks in matches (P < .05, r2 = .31). In training and match environments, tackler, ball-carrier, and ruck technique scores were significantly associated with effective tackles, ball carries, and rucks. Despite the relationship between technical proficiency scores and performance, there were small to moderately higher scores in training compared with matches. The current study highlights the importance of contact skill training, in different environments and conditions, to ensure that skills developed in training are transferred to match performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve den Hollander
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
- UXI Sport, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Michael Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds,United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Premiership Rugby, London,United Kingdom
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Davidow D, Smith M, Ross T, Laura James G, Paul L, Lambert M, Jones B, Hendricks S. Mental Fatigue Impairs Tackling Technique in Amateur Rugby Union Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:960-967. [PMID: 37463669 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the effects of mental fatigue (MF) on tackling technique on the dominant and nondominant shoulders in rugby union. METHODS Twenty male amateur rugby union players and a total of 953 tackles were analyzed. A randomized crossover counterbalanced design was used across a non-MF (control) and an MF condition. During each condition, each player performed 24 tackles, divided into 4 sets of 6 tackles (3 tackles on each shoulder). In the MF condition, players performed the Stroop Task between each set of tackles. A video recording of each tackle was used to evaluate each player's technical proficiency. A score of 1 point was awarded if a specific technique was performed correctly, and 0 point was given if not. The total score, measured in arbitrary units (AU) out of 11, represents the player's overall tackling proficiency. RESULTS Overall, players displayed a significantly lower technical proficiency score in the MF condition compared to control (set 2: control 7.30 [7.04-7.57] AU vs MF 6.91 [6.70-7.12] AU, P = .009, effect size (ES) = 0.30 small and set 3: control 7.34 [7.11-7.57] AU vs MF 6.88 [6.66-7.11] AU, P = .002, ES = 0.37 small). For the nondominant shoulder, players had a significantly lower technical proficiency score during the MF condition at set 2 (control 7.05 [6.68-7.41] AU vs MF 6.69 [6.42-6.96] AU, P = .047, ES = 0.29 small) and set 3 (control 7.14 [6.83-7.45] AU vs MF 6.61 [6.35-6.87] AU, P = .007, ES = 0.49 small). CONCLUSIONS MF can diminish a player's overall tackling proficiency, especially when tackling on the nondominant shoulder. The physiological mechanism for this finding may be impaired executive function and suboptimal functioning of neural signals and pathways, which result in less skillful coordination of movement. To further understand and explain MF-induced physiological changes in tackling, the feasibility of monitoring brain activity (such as electroencephalogram) and neuromuscular function (such as electromyogram) needs to be investigated. The findings from this study may also contribute to the development of more effective tackle training programs for injury prevention and performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Mitchell Smith
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW,Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Ourimbah, NSW,Australia
| | - Tayla Ross
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Gwyneth Laura James
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Lara Paul
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Michael Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds,United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Premiership Rugby, London,United Kingdom
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seminati E, Cazzola D, Trewartha G, Preatoni E. Tackle direction and preferred side affect upper body loads and movements in rugby union tackling. Sports Biomech 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37092582 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Tackling in Rugby Union is associated with most match injuries. New tackle regulations have been explored to reduce injuries, but limited quantitative evidence is available to inform any law changes. Using a novel tackle simulator, we investigated upper body loading under different tackling conditions: direction of approach (0° - frontal, 45° and 90° to the ball carrier direction) and side of body (dominant vs. non-dominant). Peak impact force between tackler and simulator , and head and upper trunk segment motions were measured from 10 male players. Impact load averages were 17% higher at (0°) compared with (90°), across the two different tackling sides (p = 0.093), with the highest impact force measured during dominant-side shoulder tackles at 0° (5.63 ± 1.14 kN). Trunk resultant accelerations were higher (+19%, p = 0.010) at 0° compared with 90°, with the highest resultant acceleration measured in frontal tackles with the dominant shoulder (17.52 ± 3.97 g). We observed higher head lateral bending around the impact when tackling with the non-dominant shoulder at 45° (p = 0.024) and 90° (p = 0.047). Tackling from an offset angle from frontal may be safer. Deficiencies in tackling techniques on the non-dominant side should be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Seminati
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Dario Cazzola
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Grant Trewartha
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ezio Preatoni
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mencia CS, Ramos-Álvarez JJ, Veliz RR, Murias-Lozano R, Aramberri M, Saló JC. Epidemiology of the Injuries Sustained by Elite Spanish under-18 and under-20 Rugby Players. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:224-231. [PMID: 36216341 DOI: 10.1055/a-1958-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the injuries suffered by players (n=166) of the Spanish national men's under-18 and under-20 rugby teams between 2015 and 2017, and identifies the actions involved in their occurrence. All injuries (total n=78) sustained during matches and training were recorded as recommended by World Rugby, and injury incidence rates per 1000 player-hours (ph) calculated for both types of activity. Injuries occurred more commonly during matches than during training (incidence 105.3 [95% CI: 78.7-131.9] per 1000 [ph] of match play, vs 1.16 [95% CI: 0.69-1.62] per 1000 ph of training), and most days absent per 1000 ph during matches with<3 days rest since the previous match (4209.2 [95% CI: 3516.2-4902.1] per 1000 ph of match play, vs 1947.4 [95% CI: 1511.8-2382.9] per 1000 ph of match play in matches with>3 days rest). These results provide information that may be useful in the development of strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan José Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos Veliz
- CEU, Centro de Estudios Universitario Cardenal Spindola CEU, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Murias-Lozano
- Medical Service, Spanish Rugby Union, Madrid, Spain.,FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN Y SALUD, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Villafranca del Castillo, Spain
| | - Mikel Aramberri
- Medical Service, Spanish Rugby Union, Madrid, Spain.,Orthopedic, Alai Sports Medicine Clinic, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Saló
- Medical Service, Spanish Rugby Union, Madrid, Spain.,Orthopedics, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Villanova Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Starling LT, Gabb N, Williams S, Kemp S, Stokes KA. Longitudinal study of six seasons of match injuries in elite female rugby union. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:212-217. [PMID: 36428090 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo establish match injury rates and patterns in elite female rugby union players in England. METHOD We conducted a six-season (2011/2012-2013/2014 and 2017/2018-2019/2020) prospective cohort study of time-loss match injuries in elite-level female players in the English Premiership competition. A 24-hour time-loss definition was used. RESULTS Five-hundred and thirty-four time-loss injuries were recorded during 13 680 hours of match exposure. Injury incidence was 39 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CIs 36 to 42) with a mean severity of 48 days (95% CIs 42 to 54) and median severity of 20 days (IQR: 7-57). Concussion was the most common specific injury diagnosis (five concussions per 1000 hours, 95% CIs 4 to 6). The tackle event was associated with the greatest burden of injury (615 days absence per 1000 hours 95% CIs 340 to 1112), with 'being tackled' specifically causing the most injuries (28% of all injuries) and concussions (22% of all concussions). CONCLUSIONS This is the first multiple-season study of match injuries in elite women's rugby union players. Match injury incidence was similar to that previously reported within international women's rugby union. Injury prevention strategies centred on the tackle would focus on high-burden injuries, which are associated with substantial player time-loss and financial costs to teams as well as the high-priority area of concussions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niki Gabb
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Simon Kemp
- Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK .,Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davidow D, Watson M, Lambert M, Jones B, Smith M, Kraak W, Hendricks S. Video-based technical feedback and instruction improves tackling technique of community rugby union players. Eur J Sport Sci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36533306 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2160937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to test the change and retention of player's overall tackling technique and technical components following a player-specific video-based technical feedback and instruction intervention on both their dominant and non-dominant shoulders. Twenty-four (n = 24) rugby union players participated in a non-randomized control-intervention, which consisted of a video-based technical feedback and instruction group (video-based technical feedback) and a no video-based technical feedback and instruction group (control). During 3 sessions (baseline, intervention, retention) separated by one week, participants in each group performed six tackles (3 tackles on each shoulder) on a tackle simulator. In total, 432 tackles (video-based technical feedback = 216, control = 216) were analysed. Each tackle was analysed using a standardized list of technical criteria (arbitrary units, AU). For the dominant shoulder, tackling technique scores significantly improved from baseline to intervention for both groups. For the non-dominant shoulder, only the video-based technical feedback group improved their tackling technique from baseline to intervention (baseline 6.89 [6.33-7.45] AU vs. intervention 7.72 [7.35-8.10] AU p = .001, ES = 0.60 moderate). For the retention session, the video-based technical feedback group scored significantly higher than the control group, for dominant (video-based technical feedback 8.00 [7.60-8.40] AU vs. control 7.22 [6.83-7.62] AU p = .014, ES = 0.66 moderate) and non-dominant (video-based technical feedback 8.11 [7.81-8.41] AU vs. control 7.22 [6.90-7.55] p = .004, ES = 0.96 moderate) tackles. This study demonstrates the efficacy of video-based technical feedback as a method to optimize tackle training for player safety and performance. HIGHLIGHTSVideo-based technical feedback can improve tackling technique in both dominant and non-dominant shoulders.Video-based technical feedback group continued to improve following a retention interval of one week.The video-based technical feedback group showed a significant (with a moderate effect size) improvement from baseline for two techniques - namely, "body position - upright to low" and "drive through contact with legs and shoulders".Video-based technical feedback can be used as a method to optimize tackle training for injury prevention and performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mikeala Watson
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Public & Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Mitchel Smith
- Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilbur Kraak
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Janse van Rensburg DCC. 'Chop wood, carry water' Dr Sharief Hendricks: an inspirational story of an impactful South African sports scientist. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:595-596. [PMID: 35365464 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|