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Abroms LC, Duan Z, Bar-Zeev Y, Cui Y, Wang Y, LoParco CR, Khayat A, Levine H, Berg CJ. Impact of exposures to Heated Tobacco Products in the media and through social connections on product perceptions and use. Tob Prev Cessat 2024; 10:TPC-10-20. [PMID: 38738210 PMCID: PMC11082655 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/187246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about media exposures to heated tobacco products (HTPs). In this study, we examined sources of HTP exposure, including from paid and unpaid media and social connections, in relation to HTP use and use intentions. METHODS In the fall of 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among adult online panelists (aged 18-45 years) in the US and Israel, oversampling tobacco users. The current study analyzed data from participants who responded to the question about HTP awareness or use (n=2061). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between sources of HTP exposure, HTP use, and use intentions. RESULTS Among those aware of HTPs, both Israelis and Americans reported past-month HTP media exposure via advertisements (58.2% vs 48.0%), non-advertisement sources (49.7% vs 30.7%), and social connections (51.5% vs 33.6%), respectively. Factors associated with HTP awareness (n=677/2061; 32.9%) included media use frequency (AOR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.01-1.28) and social connections using HTPs (AOR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.92-3.15). Among those aware of HTPs, past-month HTP exposure via digital media advertisements (AOR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.09-3.91) and non-advertising promotion via radio, podcast, movie, television or theatre (AOR=2.30; 95% CI: 1.19-4.44) and websites (AOR=2.36; 95% CI: 1.32-4.21) were associated with current HTP use. Exposure to digital media advertisements (β=0.35; 95% CI: 0.07-0.62) and non-advertising promotion via social media (β=0.62; 95% CI: 0.34-0.91) were correlated with higher use intentions. Having social connections using HTPs was correlated with higher use (AOR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.19-4.11) and intentions (β=0.66; 95% CI: 0.42-0.91). No significant differences were found across countries. CONCLUSIONS Digital media (e.g. online, social media) were particularly salient correlates of HTP intentions and use. Future studies are needed that further examine media exposures to these products, as well as that examine possible regulations to limit HTP promotion via these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorien C. Abroms
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yael Bar-Zeev
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuxian Cui
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Cassidy R. LoParco
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amal Khayat
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carla J. Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Selvavinayagam TS, Viswanathan V, Ramalingam A, Kangusamy B, Joseph B, Subramaniam S, Sheela JS, Wills S, Ramasamy S, Venkatasamy V, Rajasekar D, Chinnasamy G, Govindasamy E, Duraisamy A, Chokkalingam D, Durairajan D, Kriina M, Vasu H, Selvam JM, Sakthivel U, Kaur P, Palaniandi S. Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease (NCDs) risk factors in Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu STEPS Survey (TN STEPS), 2020. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298340. [PMID: 38718057 PMCID: PMC11078398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for nearly 75% of all deaths in Tamil Nadu. The government of Tamil Nadu has initiated several strategies to control NCDs under the Tamil Nadu Health Systems Reform Program (TNHSRP). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of NCD risk factors and determine the predictors of diabetes and hypertension, which will be helpful for planning and serve as a baseline for evaluating the impact of interventions. METHODS A state-wide representative cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-69-year-old adults in Tamil Nadu in 2020. The study used a multi-stage sampling method to select the calculated sample size of 5780. We adapted the study tools based on WHO's STEPS surveillance methodology. We collected information about sociodemographic factors, NCD risk factors and measured blood pressure and fasting capillary blood glucose. The predictors of diabetes and hypertension were calculated using generalised linear models with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, we could cover 68% (n = 3800) of the intended sample size. Among the eligible individuals surveyed (n = 4128), we had a response rate of 92%. The mean age of the study participants was 42.8 years, and 51% were women. Current tobacco use was prevalent in 40% (95% CI: 33.7-40.0) of men and 7.9% (95% CI: 6.4-9.8) of women. Current consumption of alcohol was prevalent among 39.1% (95% CI: 36.4-42.0) of men. Nearly 28.5% (95% CI: 26.7-30.4) of the study participants were overweight, and 11.4% (95% CI: 10.1-12.7) were obese. The prevalence of hypertension was 33.9% (95% CI: 32.0-35.8), and that of diabetes was 17.6% (95% CI: 16.1-19.2). Older age, men, and obesity were independently associated with diabetes and hypertension. CONCLUSION The burden of NCD risk factors like tobacco use, and alcohol use were high among men in the state of Tamil Nadu. The prevalence of other risk factors like physical inactivity, raised blood pressure and raised blood glucose were also high in the state. The state should further emphasise measures that reduce the burden of NCD risk factors. Policy-based and health system-based interventions to control NCDs must be a high priority for the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Viswanathan
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Bency Joseph
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Soniya Wills
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Daniel Rajasekar
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - D. Chokkalingam
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Durairajan
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mosoniro Kriina
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harshavardhini Vasu
- Tamil Nadu Health Systems Reforms Project, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - Uma Sakthivel
- Tamil Nadu Health Systems Reforms Project, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Prabhdeep Kaur
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lyons AC, Kersey K, Emslie C, Dimova E, Burrows A. Digital alcohol marketing and gender: A narrative synthesis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38648191 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
ISSUES Alcohol marketing on social media platforms is pervasive and effective, reaching wide audiences and allowing interaction with users. We know little about the gendered nature of digital alcohol marketing, including how women and men are portrayed, how different genders respond and implications for gender relations. This review aimed to identify how males, females and other genders are targeted and represented in digital alcohol marketing, and how they are encouraged to engage with digital alcohol marketing content. APPROACH A narrative synthesis approach was employed. Academic literature and research reports were searched for studies on digital alcohol marketing published within the previous 10 years with a range of methods and designs. We reviewed the studies, extracted data relevant to gender and synthesised findings thematically. KEY FINDINGS The review included 17 articles and 7 reports with a range of designs and methods, including content analyses of digital material, interviews, focus groups and surveys. Our analysis identified three conceptual themes that captured many of the gendered results, namely: (i) leveraging a diversity of idealised femininities; (ii) amplifying hegemonic masculinity; and (iii) infiltrating everyday gendered life. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION Alcohol marketing on social media is highly gendered and is designed to embed itself into everyday life in agile ways that reinforce traditional and evolving gendered stereotypes, activities, lifestyles and roles. Gendered engagement strategies are widely used to link alcohol to everyday gendered activities and identities to encourage alcohol purchase and consumption. This marketing normalises alcohol consumption and reproduces harmful gender norms and stereotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia C Lyons
- Centre for Addiction Research, Department of Social and Community Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate Kersey
- Centre for Addiction Research, Department of Social and Community Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carol Emslie
- Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Dimova
- Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Annamae Burrows
- Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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McKenzie BL, Pinho-Gomes AC, Woodward M. Addressing the global obesity burden: a gender-responsive approach to changing food environments is needed. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38351635 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a leading cause of death and disability globally. There is a higher proportion of women living with obesity than men, with differences in prevalence rates between women and men particularly staggering in low- and middle-income countries. The food environments that most people live in have been defined as 'obesogenic', characterised by easy access to energy dense, highly palatable foods with poor nutritional value. There is an established need to intervene to change food environments to prevent obesity. However, minimal successes are evident with no country set to meet the WHO goal of reducing obesity prevalence to 2010 numbers by 2025. In this review, we provide a narrative around the sex (biological)- and gender (sociocultural)-related considerations for the relationship between nutrition, interactions with the food environment and obesity risk. We provide an argument that there are gendered responses to food environments that place women at a higher risk of obesity particularly in relation to food industry influences, due to gendered roles and responsibilities in relation to paid and unpaid labour, and due to specific food security threats. This review concludes with hypotheses for addressing the obesity burden in a gender-responsive manner, with a call for gender equity to be a key component of the development, implementation and monitoring of obesity prevention focused policies going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briar L McKenzie
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Level 18, International Towers 3, 300 Barangaroo Ave, Barangaroo, NSW2000, Australia
| | - Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Level 18, International Towers 3, 300 Barangaroo Ave, Barangaroo, NSW2000, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Amson A, Pauzé E, Ramsay T, Welch V, Hamid JS, Lee J, Olstad DL, Mah C, Raine K, Potvin Kent M. Examining gender differences in adolescent exposure to food and beverage marketing through go-along interviews. Appetite 2024; 193:107153. [PMID: 38072086 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
This study explores how adolescents engage with unhealthy food and beverage marketing in online settings, from a gender perspective. Employing an online ethnography approach and using go-along interviews, we explored the experiences of adolescent boys and girls aged 13-17 as they navigated their online experiences with digital food and beverage marketing. Notable themes emerged, including the identification of predatory actions by food companies, the role of protective factors such as family, and the influence of social media influencers in shaping adolescent dietary preferences. Importantly, this research unearthed gender disparities in the participants' responses. Girls, in particular, exhibited a heightened awareness of the protective role played by their families, emphasized the influence of color in marketing strategies, recognized the significance of gender in marketing, and reported exposure to alcohol advertisements-findings that boys less frequently echoed. The study underscores the importance of adolescence as a critical phase in development, during which food companies target these impressionable individuals, driven by their independence and potential for brand loyalty. Moreover, it highlights the potential avenue of gender-specific marketing, offering valuable insights into the gendered dimensions of adolescents' food marketing experiences. By examining the interplay between digital food marketing and gender, this research addresses a critical gap in the literature, shedding light on how gender influences adolescents' perceptions, responses, and behaviors in the context of food marketing strategies. These findings have the potential to inform adolescents of the marketing techniques that target them and guide policymakers in developing and implementing evidence-based regulations aimed at safeguarding adolescents from exposure to unhealthy food marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - E Pauzé
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - T Ramsay
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - V Welch
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - J S Hamid
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - J Lee
- Cumming School of Medicine - Department of Community Health Sciences & Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - D L Olstad
- Cumming School of Medicine - Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - C Mah
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building 2nd Floor 2A01, Office 2A03, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - K Raine
- Center for Health Promotion Studies, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - M Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
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Fitzpatrick I, Byrne D, Gilmore AB, Hasan F, Cranwell J. Quantifying and characterising tobacco content in the most in-demand streamed series in 10 low/middle-income countries in 2019. Tob Control 2023; 33:45-51. [PMID: 35750485 PMCID: PMC10803995 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2022-057278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In line with the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 13, the advertising and promotion of tobacco products is increasingly restricted. However, popular media continues to pose an exposure risk to youth populations (aged 13-18 years), including in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). This study presents a novel method to record the prevalence of tobacco depictions in streamed media content and the characterisation of that content. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the frequency and characterisation of tobacco depictions in streamed content in LMICs. METHODS Presence of tobacco depictions was evaluated in the four most in-demand series across 10 LMICs for the year 2019; this list included series that were released from 2017 onwards (2017-2019). Each character identified using tobacco was coded against 13 characterisation variables that recorded key demographic information as well as contextual information. RESULTS The majority of series (72%, 13 of 18) analysed contained at least one depiction of tobacco use. 38% of tobacco depictions (359 of 941) occurred in content deemed suitable for audiences aged 15 years and up. 113 characters were depicted using tobacco across 38 episodes. 'Star' actors, featuring in opening credits with active profiles on the Internet Movie Database, accounted for 73% of tobacco-using characters (83 of 113). 5% of characters depicted using tobacco (6 of 113) were coded as minors (under 18 years). CONCLUSION The continued prevalence of positively characterised tobacco content in youth-focused streamed content that is in high demand in LMICs poses a risk as a driver of smoking uptake in youth populations. There is an urgent need to better enforce tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship legislation in LMICs, and to update WHO FCTC guidance in line with rapidly evolving media platforms and content that is available internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Fitzpatrick
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Danielle Byrne
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Anna B Gilmore
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Farheen Hasan
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Joanne Cranwell
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Rumgay H, Cabasag CJ, Offman J, de Camargo Cancela M, Barchuk A, Mathur P, Wang S, Wei W, Sasieni P, Soerjomataram I. International burden of cancer deaths and years of life lost from cancer attributable to four major risk factors: a population-based study in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and United States. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 66:102289. [PMID: 38192589 PMCID: PMC10772154 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We provide a comprehensive view of the impact of alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, excess body weight, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on cancer mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, the United Kingdom (UK), and United States (US). Methods We collected population attributable fractions of the four risk factors from global population-based studies and applied these to estimates of cancer deaths in 2020 to obtain potentially preventable cancer deaths and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Using life tables, we calculated the number and age-standardised rates of YLLs (ASYR). Findings In Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, the UK, and the US in 2020, an estimated 5.9 million (3.3 million-8.6 million) YLLs from cancer were attributable to alcohol consumption, 20.8 million (17.0 million-24.6 million) YLLs to tobacco smoking, 3.1 million (2.4 million-3.8 million) YLLs to excess body weight, and 4.0 million (3.9 million-4.2 million) YLLs to HPV infection. The ASYR from cancer due to alcohol consumption was highest in China (351.4 YLLs per 100,000 population [95% CI 194.5-519.2]) and lowest in the US (113.5 [69.6-157.1]) and India (115.4 [49.7-172.7). For tobacco smoking, China (1159.9 [950.6-1361.8]) had the highest ASYR followed by Russia (996.8 [831.0-1154.5). For excess body weight, Russia and the US had the highest ASYRs (385.1 [280.6-481.2] and 369.4 [299.6-433.6], respectively). The highest ASYR due to HPV infection was in South Africa (457.1 [453.3-462.6]). ASYRs for alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking were higher among men than women, whereas women had higher ASYRs for excess body weight and HPV infection. Interpretation Our findings demonstrate the importance of cancer control efforts to reduce the burden of cancer death and YLLs due to modifiable cancer risk factors and promote the use of YLLs to summarise disease burden. Funding Cancer Research UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Rumgay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Citadel J. Cabasag
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Judith Offman
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marianna de Camargo Cancela
- Division of Cancer Surveillance and Data Analysis, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anton Barchuk
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Health Research, European University at St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Prashant Mathur
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shaoming Wang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Sasieni
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Dehkami S, Rostami K, Khademian Z. The effect of happiness-based education on women's success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:371. [PMID: 37932854 PMCID: PMC10629038 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water pipe smoking by women threatens their health. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce this unhealthy behavior. This study aimed to determine the effect of happiness-based education on women's success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted on female water pipe smokers in Iran, from September to January 2021. The participants (n = 68) were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the intervention and control groups (34 subjects per group) by blocked randomization. The intervention group received a happiness-based education for one month (eight sessions) based on the Fordyce happiness program. The control group did not receive any special education. Data were collected using the Water Pipe Dependence Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests by SPSS software version 22. RESULTS Two months after the intervention, the mean change in the happiness score was significantly higher in the intervention group (2.32 ± 2.31) than that in the control group (-0.29 ± 1.81) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean change in the score of water pipe dependence was significantly different between the intervention (-1.44 ± 1.4) and control (0.38 ± 0.85) groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results showed that education based on Fordyce happiness program can increase the success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness in women. Therefore, it is recommended to use similar interventions in women's health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dehkami
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khatereh Rostami
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khademian
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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McCarthy S, Thomas S, Pitt H, Marko S, Randle M, Cowlishaw S, Kairouz S, Daube M. Young women's engagement with gambling: A critical qualitative inquiry of risk conceptualisations and motivations to gamble. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:129-137. [PMID: 36002940 PMCID: PMC10087406 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Younger women's engagement with gambling has changed over recent decades due to a range of socio-cultural, environmental and commercial factors. However, younger women's distinct lived experiences with gambling have rarely been considered. The following critical qualitative inquiry explored factors that influenced younger women's engagement with gambling and their perceptions of gambling risks. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 41 Australian women aged 18-40 years. Participants were asked questions relating to their reasons for gambling, and the perceived risks associated with gambling. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. RESULTS Five themes were constructed from the data. First, women reported that they gambled to escape their everyday lives, with some women reporting gambling within their own homes. Second, women reported gambling for financial reasons, particularly to change their life circumstances and outcomes. Third, gambling was used by women as a way to connect with social network members. Fourth, gambling was an incidental activity that was an extension of non-gambling leisure activities. Finally, lower risk perceptions of participants' own gambling risk contributed to their engagement and continuation of gambling. CONCLUSION Public health and health promotion initiatives should recognise that young women's gambling practices are diverse, and address the full range of socio-cultural, environmental and commercial factors that may influence younger women's engagement with gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone McCarthy
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Samantha Thomas
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Hannah Pitt
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah Marko
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Melanie Randle
- Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Cowlishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sylvia Kairouz
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mike Daube
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Zhang L, Tong Z, Han R, Guo R, Zang S, Zhang X, Yuan R, Yang Y. Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Ischemic Heart Disease Attributable to Smoking From 1990 to 2019. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028193. [PMID: 36718860 PMCID: PMC9973632 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to estimate the distribution of and changes in the global disease burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking between 1990 and 2019. Methods and Results Data used in this study come from the GBD 2019 (Global Burden of Disease Study 2019). Age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage change of age-standardized rates were used to describe this burden and its changing trend. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the sociodemographic index and changing trend. From 1990 to 2019, the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking has shown a downward trend globally; estimated annual percentage changes of age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates were -2.012 (95% CI, -2.068 to -1.956) and -1.907 (95% CI, -1.975 to -1.838). Nineteen countries experienced an increase in disease burden, and the changes in 17 countries were not statistically significant. In addition, this burden was higher in men and older age groups. Estimated annual percentage change of the age-standardized rates of this burden were negatively correlated with the sociodemographic index. Conclusions Although the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking has decreased in >80% of countries or regions in the past 30 years, it has remained a significant issue in low- and middle-income countries, particularly among men and elderly populations. Therefore, active tobacco control measures, focusing on key populations, are required to reduce the associated burden of ischemic heart disease, especially in those countries or regions with increasing prevalence and disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of cardiovascular surgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Zhuang Tong
- Clinical Big Data CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Ruizheng Han
- Department of UltrasoundThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Ruiming Guo
- Department of cardiovascular surgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Suhua Zang
- Department of cardiovascular surgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of cardiovascular surgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Ruixia Yuan
- Clinical Big Data CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research LaboratoriesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
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Amson A, Pauzé E, Remedios L, Pritchard M, Potvin Kent M. Adolescent exposure to food and beverage marketing on social media by gender: a pilot study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:33-45. [PMID: 36321517 PMCID: PMC11077454 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to determine if, based on gender, adolescents were exposed to different marketing techniques that promoted food and beverages over social media. DESIGN A secondary analysis of adolescent boy (n 26) and girl (n 36) exposures (n 139) to food and beverage marketing was conducted. Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to compare the number, healthfulness and the marketing techniques of exposures viewed by boys and girls. SETTING Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two adolescents aged 12-16 years. RESULTS Boys and girls were exposed to similar volumes of food marketing instances (median = 2 for both boys and girls, Mann-Whitney U = 237, P = 0·51) per 10-min period of social media use. More girls viewed products that were excessive in total fat compared to boys (67 % v. 35 %, P = 0·02). Boys were more likely to view instances of food marketing featuring a male as the dominant user (50 % v. 22 %, P = 0·03), appeals to achievement (42 % v. 17 %, P = 0·04), an influencer (42 % v. 14 %, P = 0·02) and appeals to athleticism (35 % v. 11 %, P = 0·03), whereas girls were more likely to view instances of food marketing featuring quizzes, surveys or polls (25 % v. 0 %, P = 0·01). CONCLUSIONS Food and beverage companies utilise marketing techniques that differ based on gender. More research examining the relationship between digital food and beverage marketing and gender is required to inform the development of gender-sensitive policies aimed at protecting adolescents from unhealthy food marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Amson
- University of Ottawa, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Pauzé
- University of Ottawa, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Remedios
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ONK1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Meghan Pritchard
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ONK1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ONK1N 7K4, Canada
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12
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Vichitkunakorn P, Assanangkornchai S, Jayuphan J, Donroman T, Prappre T, Sittisombut M. Alcohol Recognition and Desire to Drink of Extended Alcohol Brand Logos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11756. [PMID: 36142026 PMCID: PMC9517033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol companies in Thailand have adopted surrogate marketing that uses similar logos on non-alcoholic products. We aimed to assess variations of the alcohol recognition using reaction time and desire to drink among consumers exposed to original logos and modified logos (i.e., black logos, partial logos, logos on non-alcoholic beverages and other merchandise). Participants aged ≥19 years took part in this cross-sectional study. The primary independent variables were types of logos: original logos, modified logos (i.e., black logos, partial logos, logos on non-alcoholic beverages, and logos on other merchandise). An in-house-developed online survey randomly presented the logos. Alcohol recognition and the desire to drink alcohol were assessed. The study included 1185 participants. More time (estimated coefficient of reaction time <0.5 s) was required to recognize the modified logos than the original logos. Younger participants (19-24 years) reacted significantly faster than the older participants (>25 years) after seeing all types of logos. The desire to drink alcohol (<0.5 point) upon seeing the modified logos was lower than the original logos. No significant difference in the desire was observed between the younger and older participants upon seeing the original and partial logos. The modified logos reminded consumers of the alcohol products of that brand with a tiny difference in reaction time and the desire to drink without practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polathep Vichitkunakorn
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanchanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanchanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jirawan Jayuphan
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanchanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Teerohah Donroman
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanchanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Tagoon Prappre
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanchanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Monsicha Sittisombut
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanchanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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13
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Pinho-Gomes AC, Vassallo A, Carcel C, Peters S, Woodward M. Gender equality and the gender gap in life expectancy in the European Union. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-008278. [PMID: 35165097 PMCID: PMC8845192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, which have different impact in women and men. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was correlated with LE in women and men. Methods Gender equality in the 27 European Union (EU) member states between 2010 and 2019 was estimated using a modified Gender Equality Index (mGEI), based on the index developed by the European Institute for Gender Equality. The correlation between this mGEI and LE and the gender gap in LE was calculated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results Between 2010 and 2019, LE increased more for men than women, which resulted in a narrowing of the gender gap in LE in the EU. During the same period, there was an increase in gender equality, as measured by the mGEI, although with substantial heterogeneity between countries. There was a strong correlation between the mGEI and the gender gap in LE (−0.880), which was explained by a stronger correlation between the mGEI and longer LE in men than in women (0.655 vs 0.629, respectively). The domains of the mGEI most strongly associated with a narrowing of the gender gap in LE were health, money and knowledge, while power was the domain with the weakest association. Conclusions Gender equality appears to be at least as beneficial to men as women with regard to LE, thus reinforcing the key role gender equality plays in improving population health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK .,School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amy Vassallo
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheryl Carcel
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanne Peters
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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van Schalkwyk MCI, Maani N, Pettigrew S, Petticrew M. Corporate ventriloquism undermines action on alcohol harms. BMJ 2021; 374:n1879. [PMID: 34344716 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- May C I van Schalkwyk
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nason Maani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
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