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Powner MB, Jeffery G. Light stimulation of mitochondria reduces blood glucose levels. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300521. [PMID: 38378043 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate metabolism, but solar light influences its rate. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with red light (670 nm) increases mitochondrial membrane potentials and adenosine triphosphate production and may increase glucose demand. Here we show, with a glucose tolerance test, that PBM of normal subjects significantly reduces blood sugar levels. A 15 min exposure to 670 nm light reduced the degree of blood glucose elevation following glucose intake by 27.7%, integrated over 2 h after the glucose challenge. Maximum glucose spiking was reduced by 7.5%. Consequently, PBM with 670 nm light can be used to reduce blood glucose spikes following meals. This intervention may reduce damaging fluctuations of blood glucose on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Powner
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Glen Jeffery
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Rais N, Ved A, Ahmad R, Parveen A. Research-based Analytical Procedures to Evaluate Diabetic Biomarkers and Related Parameters: In Vitro and In Vivo Methods. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222417. [PMID: 37867271 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998252495231011182012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degenerative tendency of diabetes leads to micro- and macrovascular complications due to abnormal levels of biochemicals, particularly in patients with poor diabetic control. Diabetes is supposed to be treated by reducing blood glucose levels, scavenging free radicals, and maintaining other relevant parameters close to normal ranges. In preclinical studies, numerous in vivo trials on animals as well as in vitro tests are used to assess the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the test substances. Since a substance that performs poorly in vitro won't perform better in vivo, the outcomes of in vitro studies can be utilized as a direct indicator of in vivo activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to provide research scholars with a comprehensive overview of laboratory methods and procedures for a few selected diabetic biomarkers and related parameters. METHOD The search was conducted on scientific database portals such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, BASE, DOAJ, etc. Conclusion: The development of new biomarkers is greatly facilitated by modern technology such as cell culture research, lipidomics study, microRNA biomarkers, machine learning techniques, and improved electron microscopies. These biomarkers do, however, have some usage restrictions. There is a critical need to find more accurate and sensitive biomarkers. With a few modifications, these biomarkers can be used with or even replace conventional markers of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305004, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226028, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivek College of Technical Education, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh 246701, India
| | - Aashna Parveen
- Faculty of Applied Science, Bhagwant Global University, Kotdwar, Uttarakhand 246149, India
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Tan MS, Kang GCY, Fong RJK, Cheong NK, Shi H, Tan NC. Patients' perspectives on video consultation for non-communicable diseases: a qualitative study in Singapore. BJGP Open 2023; 7:BJGPO.2023.0103. [PMID: 37591556 PMCID: PMC11176708 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of telemedicine in primary care services. Understanding patients' perspectives on telemedicine is pivotal for its wider adoption in managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the community. AIM To explore the views and concerns of patients who have yet to use video consultation (VC) for NCD management in Singapore. DESIGN & SETTING This qualitative study was conducted in a primary care clinic in Singapore. METHOD In total, 16 patients participated in individual in-depth interviews. The participants had type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension and/or hyperlipidaemia without prior VC experience. They were purposively enrolled in the polyclinic. Audited transcripts were independently coded by two investigators. Thematic analysis was performed to identify perspectives on telemedicine based on the health, information, and technology zones of the Health Information Technology Acceptance Model. RESULTS The following three themes emerged: perceived benefits of VC utility; perceived barriers of VC adoption; and potential challenges of VC. Participants viewed VC as safe and convenient if they had stable NCD. They voiced concerns on possible suboptimal care owing to the absence of physical examination, network connectivity, and personal medical data security. Participants highlighted challenges of VC uptake such as digital health familiarity, availability of their own mobile and telemonitoring devices, and healthcare costs consideration. CONCLUSION Addressing the concerns and challenges highlighted by non-VC users can help physicians and policymakers explore ways to scale up telemedicine in Singapore. A hybrid clinical care model comprising in-person visits and VC may be the way forward for NCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mui Suan Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
| | - Gary Chun-Yun Kang
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
| | | | - Nian Kai Cheong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Haixiao Shi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
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Adam S, McIntyre HD, Tsoi KY, Kapur A, Ma RC, Dias S, Okong P, Hod M, Poon LC, Smith GN, Bergman L, Algurjia E, O'Brien P, Medina VP, Maxwell CV, Regan L, Rosser ML, Jacobsson B, Hanson MA, O'Reilly SL, McAuliffe FM. Pregnancy as an opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus: FIGO Best Practice Advice. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 160 Suppl 1:56-67. [PMID: 36635082 PMCID: PMC10107137 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) impacts approximately 17 million pregnancies worldwide. Women with a history of GDM have an 8-10-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a 2-fold higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with women without prior GDM. Although it is possible to prevent and/or delay progression of GDM to type 2 diabetes, this is not widely undertaken. Considering the increasing global rates of type 2 diabetes and CVD in women, it is essential to utilize pregnancy as an opportunity to identify women at risk and initiate preventive intervention. This article reviews existing clinical guidelines for postpartum identification and management of women with previous GDM and identifies key recommendations for the prevention and/or delayed progression to type 2 diabetes for global clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Harold David McIntyre
- Mater Health, University of Queensland, Mater Health Campus, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kit Ying Tsoi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Ronald C Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pius Okong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala City, Uganda
| | - Moshe Hod
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liona C Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Esraa Algurjia
- The World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG), Paris, France.,Elwya Maternity Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Patrick O'Brien
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Virna P Medina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Clínica Imbanaco Quirón Salud, Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
| | - Cynthia V Maxwell
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Sinai Health and Women's College Hospital University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mary L Rosser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sharleen L O'Reilly
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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