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Nithyasree V, Magdalene P, Praveen Kumar PK, Preethi J, Gromiha MM. Role of HSP90 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Liver Diseases. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01251-1. [PMID: 39162909 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the fatal liver diseases which encompass a spectrum of disease severity associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder. Heat shock proteins serve as markers in early prognosis and diagnosis of early stages of liver diseases associated with metabolic disorder. This review aims to comprehensively investigate the significance of HSP90 isoforms in T2DM and liver diseases. Additionally, we explore the collective knowledge on plant-based drug compounds that regulate HSP90 isoform targets, highlighting their potential in treating T2DM-associated liver diseases. Furthermore, this review focuses on the computational systems' biology and next-generation sequencing technology approaches that are used to unravel the potential medicine for the treatment of pleiotropy of these 2 diseases and to further elucidate the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nithyasree
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - P Magdalene
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - P K Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
| | - J Preethi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
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Kiełbowski K, Skórka P, Plewa P, Bakinowska E, Pawlik A. The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8995-9015. [PMID: 39194749 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a condition that is associated with lipid accumulation in the arterial intima. Consequently, the enlarging lesion, which is also known as an atherosclerotic plaque, may close the blood vessel lumen, thus leading to organ ischaemia. Furthermore, the plaque may rupture and initiate the formation of a thrombus, which can cause acute ischaemia. Atherosclerosis is a background pathological condition that can eventually lead to major cardiovascular diseases such as acute coronary syndrome or ischaemic stroke. The disorder is associated with an altered profile of alarmins, stress response molecules that are secreted due to cell injury or death and that induce inflammatory responses. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), S100 proteins, interleukin-33, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) also affect the behaviour of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Thus, alarmins control the inflammatory responses of endothelial cells and proliferation of VSMCs, two important processes implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the role of alarmins in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patryk Skórka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paulina Plewa
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Kim H, Chen J, Prescott B, Walker ME, Grams ME, Yu B, Vasan RS, Floyd JS, Sotoodehnia N, Smith NL, Arking DE, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Plasma proteins associated with plant-based diets: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1929-1940. [PMID: 39018652 PMCID: PMC11342917 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases. Large-scale proteomics can identify objective biomarkers of plant-based diets, and improve our understanding of the pathways that link plant-based diets to health outcomes. This study investigated the plasma proteome of four different plant-based diets [overall plant-based diet (PDI), provegetarian diet, healthful plant-based diet (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI)] in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and replicated the findings in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort. METHODS ARIC Study participants at visit 3 (1993-1995) with completed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data and proteomics data were divided into internal discovery (n = 7690) and replication (n = 2543) data sets. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and 4955 individual proteins in the discovery sample. Then, proteins that were internally replicated in the ARIC Study were tested for external replication in FHS (n = 1358). Pathway overrepresentation analysis was conducted for diet-related proteins. C-statistics were used to predict if the proteins improved prediction of plant-based diet indices beyond participant characteristics. RESULTS In ARIC discovery, a total of 837 diet-protein associations (PDI = 233; provegetarian = 182; hPDI = 406; uPDI = 16) were observed at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Of these, 453 diet-protein associations (PDI = 132; provegetarian = 104; hPDI = 208; uPDI = 9) were internally replicated. In FHS, 167/453 diet-protein associations were available for external replication, of which 8 proteins (PDI = 1; provegetarian = 0; hPDI = 8; uPDI = 0) replicated. Complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion molecules, and retinol metabolism were over-represented. C-C motif chemokine 25 for PDI and 8 proteins for hPDI modestly but significantly improved the prediction of these indices individually and collectively (P value for difference in C-statistics<0.05 for all tests). CONCLUSIONS Using large-scale proteomics, we identified potential candidate biomarkers of plant-based diets, and pathways that may partially explain the associations between plant-based diets and chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brenton Prescott
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan E Grams
- Division of Precision Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- University of Texas School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Optimal Aging Institute and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kaluhiokalani JP, Wallace TE, Ahmadi M, Marchant ED, Mehling J, Altuhov S, Dorff A, Leach OK, James JJ, Hancock CR, Hyldahl RD, Gifford JR. Six weeks of localized passive heat therapy elicits some exercise-like improvements in resistance artery function. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39004886 DOI: 10.1113/jp286567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6 weeks of localized, muscle-focused (quadriceps femoris) passive heat therapy (PHT) on resistance artery function, exercise haemodynamics and exercise performance relative to knee extension (KE) exercise training (EX). We randomized 34 healthy adults (ages 18-36; n = 17 female, 17 male) to receive either PHT or sham heating sessions (120 min, 3 days/week), or EX (40 min, 3 days/week) over 6 weeks. Blood flow was assessed with Doppler ultrasound of the femoral artery during both passive leg movement (PLM) and a KE graded exercise test. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at baseline and after 6 weeks. Peak blood flow during PLM increased to the same extent in both the EX (∼10.5% increase, P = 0.009) and PHT groups (∼8.5% increase, P = 0.044). Peak flow during knee extension exercise increased in EX (∼19%, P = 0.005), but did not change in PHT (P = 0.523) and decreased in SHAM (∼7%, P = 0.020). Peak vascular conductance during KE increased by ∼25% in EX (P = 0.030) and PHT (P = 0.012). KE peak power increased in EX by ∼27% (P = 0.001) but did not significantly change in PHT and SHAM groups. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased significantly in both EX (P = 0.028) and PHT (P = 0.0095), but only EX resulted in increased angiogenesis. In conclusion, 6 weeks of localized PHT improved resistance artery function at rest and during exercise to the same extent as exercise training but did not yield significant improvements in performance. KEY POINTS: Many for whom exercise would be most beneficial are either unable to exercise or have a very low exercise tolerance. In these cases, an alternative treatment to combat declines in resistance artery function is needed. We tested the hypothesis that passive heat therapy (PHT) would increase resistance artery function, improve exercise haemodynamics and enhance exercise performance compared to a sham treatment, but less than aerobic exercise training. This report shows that 6 weeks of localized PHT improved resistance artery function at rest and during exercise to the same extent as exercise training but did not improve exercise performance. Additionally, muscle biopsy analyses revealed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression increased in both PHT and exercise training groups, but only exercise resulted in increased angiogenesis. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of applying passive heat as an alternative treatment to improve resistance artery function for those unable to receive the benefits of regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taysom E Wallace
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Erik D Marchant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jack Mehling
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Stepan Altuhov
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Dorff
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Olivia K Leach
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jessica J James
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Chad R Hancock
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Robert D Hyldahl
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Ding X, Qiu Y, Wu G, Li S, Cai M, Liang Y, Li D, Luo X, Meng J, Yang R, Cao Y, Gao F, Xue Y, Zou F, Zou M. l-thyroxine attenuates extracellular Hsp90α-induced vascular endothelial calcification in diabetes mellitus, as revealed by parallel metabolic profiles. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117527. [PMID: 38583286 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetic atherosclerotic vascular disease is characterized by extensive vascular calcification. However, an elevated blood glucose level alone does not explain this pathogenesis. We investigated the metabolic markers underlying diabetic atherosclerosis and whether extracellular Hsp90α (eHsp90α) triggers vascular endothelial calcification in this particular metabolic environment. METHODS A parallel human/animal model metabolomics approach was used. We analyzed 40 serum samples collected from 24 patients with atherosclerosis and from the STZ-induced ApoE-/- mouse model. A multivariate statistical analysis of the data was performed, and mouse aortic tissue was collected for the assessment of plaque formation. In vitro, the effects of eHsp90α on endothelial cell calcification were assessed by serum analysis, Western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. RESULTS Diabetic ApoE-/- mice showed more severe plaque lesions and calcification damage. Stearamide, oleamide, l-thyroxine, l-homocitrulline and l-citrulline are biomarkers of diabetic ASVD; l-thyroxine was downregulated in both groups, and the thyroid sensitivity index was correlated with serum Hsp90α concentration. In vitro studies showed that eHsp90α increased Runx2 expression in endothelial cells through the LRP1 receptor. l-thyroxine reduced the increase in Runx2 levels caused by eHsp90α and affected the distribution and expression of LRP1 through hydrogen bonding with glutamine at position 1054 in the extracellular segment of LRP1. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a mechanistic link between characteristic serum metabolites and diabetic atherosclerosis and thus offers new insight into the role of extracellular Hsp90α in promoting vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongling Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Meng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Mohammadi V, Elahi R, Rezakhani N. The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathophysiology. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108564. [PMID: 37852076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by sustained hyperglycemia caused by impaired insulin signaling and secretion. Metabolic stress, caused by an inappropriate diet, is one of the major hallmarks provoking inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of highly conserved proteins that have a crucial role in chaperoning damaged and misfolded proteins to avoid disruption of cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. To do this, HSPs interact with diverse intra-and extracellular pathways among which are the insulin signaling, insulin secretion, and apoptosis pathways. Therefore, HSP dysfunction, e.g. HSP70, may lead to disruption of the pathways responsible for insulin secretion and uptake. Consistently, the altered expression of other HSPs and genetic polymorphisms in HSP-producing genes in diabetic subjects has made HSPs hot research in T2DM. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of different HSPs in T2DM pathogenesis, affected cellular pathways, and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting HSPs in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Vahid Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Negin Rezakhani
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Guo H, Wang Q, Li T, Chen J, Zhang C, Xu Y, Chang Q, Li H, Sun W, Han R, Wang C, Wang C. Potential plasma biomarkers at low altitude for prediction of acute mountain sickness. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237465. [PMID: 37841248 PMCID: PMC10569122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ascending to high altitude can induce a range of physiological and molecular alterations, rendering a proportion of lowlanders unacclimatized. The prediction of acute mountain sickness (AMS) prior to ascent to high altitude remains elusive. Methods A total of 40 participants were enrolled for our study in the discovery cohort, and plasma samples were collected from all individuals. The subjects were divided into severe AMS-susceptible (sAMS) group, moderate AMS-susceptible (mAMS) group and non-AMS group based on the Lake Louise Score (LLS) at both 5000m and 3700m. Proteomic analysis was conducted on a cohort of 40 individuals to elucidate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and associated pathways between AMS-susceptible group and AMS-resistant group at low altitude (1400m) and middle high-altitude (3700m). Subsequently, a validation cohort consisting of 118 individuals was enrolled. The plasma concentration of selected DEPs were quantified using ELISA. Comparative analyses of DEPs among different groups in validation cohort were performed, followed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the predictive efficiency of DEPs for the occurrence of AMS. Results The occurrence of the AMS symptoms and LLS differed significantly among the three groups in the discovery cohort (p<0.05), as well as in the validation cohort. Comparison of plasma protein profiles using GO analysis revealed that DEPs were primarily enriched in granulocyte activation, neutrophil mediated immunity, and humoral immune response. The comparison of potential biomarkers between the sAMS group and non-AMS group at low altitude revealed statistically higher levels of AAT, SAP and LTF in sAMS group (p=0.01), with a combined area under the curve(AUC) of 0.965. Compared to the mAMS group at low altitude, both SAP and LTF were found to be significantly elevated in the sAMS group, with a combined AUC of 0.887. HSP90-α and SAP exhibited statistically higher levels in the mAMS group compared to the non-AMS group at low altitude, with a combined AUC of 0.874. Conclusion Inflammatory and immune related biological processes were significantly different between AMS-susceptible and AMS-resistant groups at low altitude and middle high-altitude. SAP, AAT, LTF and HSP90-α were considered as potential biomarkers at low altitude for the prediction of AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopeadics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 69316 Troops, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 69316 Troops, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hangyi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Sun
- Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 69316 Troops, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruidi Han
- Xinjiang Hotan Military Subdistrict, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chang C, Tang X, Woodley DT, Chen M, Li W. The Distinct Assignments for Hsp90α and Hsp90β: More Than Skin Deep. Cells 2023; 12:277. [PMID: 36672211 PMCID: PMC9857327 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the undisputable definition of the cytosolic Hsp90α and hsp90β proteins being evolutionarily conserved, ATP-driven chaperones has ruled basic research and clinical trials. The results of recent studies, however, have fundamentally challenged this paradigm, not to mention the spectacular failures of the paradigm-based clinical trials in cancer and beyond. We now know that Hsp90α and Hsp90β are both ubiquitously expressed in all cell types but assigned for distinct and irreplaceable functions. Hsp90β is essential during mouse development and Hsp90α only maintains male reproductivity in adult mice. Neither Hsp90β nor Hsp90α could substitute each other under these biological processes. Hsp90β alone maintains cell survival in culture and Hsp90α cannot substitute it. Hsp90α also has extracellular functions under stress and Hsp90β does not. The dramatic difference in the steady-state expression of Hsp90 in different mouse organs is due to the variable expressions of Hsp90α. The lowest expression of Hsp90 is less than 2% and the highest expression of Hsp90 is 9% among non-transformed cell lines. The two linker regions only take up less than 5% of the Hsp90 proteins, but harbor 21% of the total amino acid substitutions, i.e., 40% in comparison to the 86% overall amino acid homology. A full understanding of the distinctions between Hsp90α and Hsp90β could lead to new, safe and effective therapeutics targeting Hsp90 in human disorders such as cancer. This is the first comprehensive review of a comparison between the two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Arkhypov I, Özbay Kurt FG, Bitsch R, Novak D, Petrova V, Lasser S, Hielscher T, Groth C, Lepper A, Hu X, Li W, Utikal J, Altevogt P, Umansky V. HSP90α induces immunosuppressive myeloid cells in melanoma via TLR4 signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e005551. [PMID: 36113897 PMCID: PMC9486388 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells modulate host immunity by secreting extracellular vesicles (EV) and soluble factors. Their interactions with myeloid cells lead to the generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which inhibit the antitumor function of T and NK cells. We demonstrated previously that EV derived from mouse and human melanoma cells induced immunosuppressive activity via increased expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on myeloid cells that was dependent on the heat-shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in EV. Here, we investigated whether soluble HSP90α could convert monocytes into MDSC. METHODS CD14 monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors, incubated with human recombinant HSP90α (rHSP90α) alone or in the presence of inhibitors of TLR4 signaling and analyzed by flow cytometry. Inhibition of T cell proliferation assay was applied to assess the immunosuppressive function of rHSP90α-treated monocytes. HSP90α levels were measured by ELISA in plasma of patients with advanced melanoma and correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS We found that the incubation of monocytes with rHSP90α resulted in a strong upregulation of PD-L1 expression, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the expression of arginase-1, ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 remained unchanged. The PD-L1 upregulation was blocked by anti-TLR4 antibodies and a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor. rHSP90α-treated monocytes displayed the downregulation of HLA-DR expression and acquired the resistance to apoptosis. Moreover, these monocytes were converted into MDSC as indicated by their capacity to inhibit T cell proliferation, which was mediated by TLR4 signaling as well as PD-L1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) 1 expression. Higher levels of HSP90α in plasma of patients with melanoma correlated with augmented PD-L1 expression on circulating monocytic (M)-MDSC. Patients with melanoma with high levels of HSP90α displayed shorter progression-free survival (PFS) on the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that soluble rHSP90α increased the resistance of normal human monocytes to apoptosis and converted them into immunosuppressive MDSC via TLR4 signaling that stimulated PD-L1 and IDO-1 expression. Furthermore, patients with melanoma with high concentrations of HSP90α displayed increased PD-L1 expression on M-MDSC and reduced PFS after ICI therapy, suggesting HSP90α as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming immunosuppression in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor Arkhypov
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebekka Bitsch
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Novak
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vera Petrova
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samantha Lasser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Groth
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alisa Lepper
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DFKZ-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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10
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Maiti S, Picard D. Cytosolic Hsp90 Isoform-Specific Functions and Clinical Significance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1166. [PMID: 36139005 PMCID: PMC9496497 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone and a key regulator of proteostasis under both physiological and stress conditions. In mammals, there are two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms: Hsp90α and Hsp90β. These two isoforms are 85% identical and encoded by two different genes. Hsp90β is constitutively expressed and essential for early mouse development, while Hsp90α is stress-inducible and not necessary for survivability. These two isoforms are known to have largely overlapping functions and to interact with a large fraction of the proteome. To what extent there are isoform-specific functions at the protein level has only relatively recently begun to emerge. There are studies indicating that one isoform is more involved in the functionality of a specific tissue or cell type. Moreover, in many diseases, functionally altered cells appear to be more dependent on one particular isoform. This leaves space for designing therapeutic strategies in an isoform-specific way, which may overcome the unfavorable outcome of pan-Hsp90 inhibition encountered in previous clinical trials. For this to succeed, isoform-specific functions must be understood in more detail. In this review, we summarize the available information on isoform-specific functions of mammalian Hsp90 and connect it to possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzerland
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11
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Sager RA, Khan F, Toneatto L, Votra SD, Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Mollapour M, Bourboulia D. Targeting extracellular Hsp90: A unique frontier against cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:982593. [PMID: 36060252 PMCID: PMC9428293 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.982593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) is known to interact with over 300 client proteins as well as regulatory factors (eg. nucleotide and proteins) that facilitate execution of its role as a chaperone and, ultimately, client protein activation. Hsp90 associates transiently with these molecular modulators during an eventful chaperone cycle, resulting in acquisition of flexible structural conformations, perfectly customized to the needs of each one of its client proteins. Due to the plethora and diverse nature of proteins it supports, the Hsp90 chaperone machinery is critical for normal cellular function particularly in response to stress. In diseases such as cancer, the Hsp90 chaperone machinery is hijacked for processes which encompass many of the hallmarks of cancer, including cell growth, survival, immune response evasion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Elevated levels of extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) enhance tumorigenesis and the potential for metastasis. eHsp90 has been considered one of the new targets in the development of anti-cancer drugs as there are various stages of cancer progression where eHsp90 function could be targeted. Our limited understanding of the regulation of the eHsp90 chaperone machinery is a major drawback for designing successful Hsp90-targeted therapies, and more research is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Lorenzo Toneatto
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - SarahBeth D. Votra
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Sarah J. Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Mark R. Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Dimitra Bourboulia,
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12
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Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-90 (eHsp90): Everything You Need to Know. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070911. [PMID: 35883467 PMCID: PMC9313274 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
“Extracellular” Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) was initially reported in the 1970s but was not formally recognized until 2008 at the 4th International Conference on The Hsp90 Chaperone Machine (Monastery Seeon, Germany). Studies presented under the topic of “extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90)” at the conference provided direct evidence for eHsp90’s involvement in cancer invasion and skin wound healing. Over the past 15 years, studies have focused on the secretion, action, biological function, therapeutic targeting, preclinical evaluations, and clinical utility of eHsp90 using wound healing, tissue fibrosis, and tumour models both in vitro and in vivo. eHsp90 has emerged as a critical stress-responding molecule targeting each of the pathophysiological conditions. Despite the studies, our current understanding of several fundamental questions remains little beyond speculation. Does eHsp90 indeed originate from purposeful live cell secretion or rather from accidental dead cell leakage? Why did evolution create an intracellular chaperone that also functions as a secreted factor with reported extracellular duties that might be (easily) fulfilled by conventional secreted molecules? Is eHsp90 a safer and more optimal drug target than intracellular Hsp90 chaperone? In this review, we summarize how much we have learned about eHsp90, provide our conceptual views of the findings, and make recommendations on the future studies of eHsp90 for clinical relevance.
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