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Huang TTK, Callahan EA, Haines ER, Hooley C, Sorensen DM, Lounsbury DW, Sabounchi NS, Hovmand PS. Leveraging systems science and design thinking to advance implementation science: moving toward a solution-oriented paradigm. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1368050. [PMID: 38813425 PMCID: PMC11135204 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Many public health challenges are characterized by complexity that reflects the dynamic systems in which they occur. Such systems involve multiple interdependent factors, actors, and sectors that influence health, and are a primary driver of challenges of insufficient implementation, sustainment, and scale of evidence-based public health interventions. Implementation science frameworks have been developed to help embed evidence-based interventions in diverse settings and identify key factors that facilitate or hinder implementation. These frameworks are largely static in that they do not explain the nature and dynamics of interrelationships among the identified determinants, nor how those determinants might change over time. Furthermore, most implementation science frameworks are top-down, deterministic, and linear, leaving critical gaps in understanding of both how to intervene on determinants of successful implementation and how to scale evidence-based solutions. Design thinking and systems science offer methods for transforming this problem-oriented paradigm into one that is solution-oriented. This article describes these two approaches and how they can be integrated into implementation science strategies to promote implementation, sustainment, and scaling of public health innovation, ultimately resulting in transformative systems changes that improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry T.-K. Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Emily R. Haines
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Cole Hooley
- School of Social Work, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | | | - David W. Lounsbury
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nasim S. Sabounchi
- Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter S. Hovmand
- Center for Community Health Integration, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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2
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Sien SW, Kobekyaa FK, Puts M, Currie L, Tompson M, Hedges P, McGrenere J, Mariano C, Haase KR. Tailored Self-Management App to Support Older Adults With Cancer and Multimorbidity: Development and Usability Testing. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e53163. [PMID: 38717806 PMCID: PMC11112470 DOI: 10.2196/53163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, cancer predominates in adults aged older than 60 years, and 70% of older adults have ≥1 chronic condition. Cancer self-management interventions can improve symptom management and confidence, but few interventions target the complex needs of older adults with cancer and multimorbidity. Despite growing evidence of digital health tools in cancer care, there is a paucity of theoretically grounded digital self-management supports for older adults. Many apps for older adults have not been co-designed with older adults to ensure that they are tailored to their specific needs, which would increase usability and uptake. OBJECTIVE We aim to report on the user evaluations of a self- and symptom-management app to support older adults living with cancer and multimorbidity. METHODS This study used Grey's self-management framework, a design thinking approach, and involved older adults with lived experiences of cancer to design a medium-fidelity app prototype. Older adults with cancer or caregivers were recruited through community organizations or support groups to participate in co-designing or evaluations of the app. Data from interviews were iteratively integrated into the design process and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses. RESULTS In total, 15 older adults and 3 caregivers (n=18) participated in this study: 10 participated (8 older adults and 2 caregivers) in the design of the low-fidelity prototype, and 10 evaluated (9 older adults and 1 caregiver) the medium-fidelity prototype (2 older adults participated in both phases). Participants emphasized the importance of tracking functions to make sense of information across physical symptoms and psychosocial aspects; a clear display; and the organization of notes and reminders to communicate with care providers. Participants also emphasized the importance of medication initiation or cessation reminders to mitigate concerns related to polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS This app has the potential to support the complex health care needs of older adults with cancer, creating a "home base" for symptom management and support. The findings from this study will position the researchers to conduct feasibility testing and real-world implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wha Sien
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Martine Puts
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanne Currie
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret Tompson
- Saskatchewan Center for Patient Oriented Research, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Joanna McGrenere
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kristen R Haase
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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House SA, Arakelyan M, Acquilano SC, Roche L, Leyenaar JK. Human-Centered Design to Improve Care for Youths Experiencing Psychiatric Boarding. Hosp Pediatr 2024; 14:394-402. [PMID: 38577744 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The number of children and adolescents presenting to hospitals with mental health conditions has increased markedly over the past decade. A dearth of pediatric mental health resources prevents delivering definitive psychiatric care to this population at many hospitals; thus, children and adolescents must wait at a medical facility until appropriate psychiatric care becomes available (an experience described as psychiatric "boarding"). Clinicians caring for youth experiencing psychiatric boarding report inadequate training and resources to provide high-quality care to this population, and patients and caregivers describe significant frustration with the current standard of care. Recognizing these issues and the unique emotional components associated with psychiatric boarding, we employed human-centered design (HCD) to improve our hospital's approach to caring for youth during this period. HCD is an approach that specifically prioritizes the assessment and integration of human needs, including emotional needs, as a means to inform change. We used an HCD framework encompassing 5 stages: (1) empathize with those affected by the issue at hand, (2) define the problem, (3) ideate potential solutions, (4) prototype potential solutions, and (5) test potential solutions. Through these stages, we elicited broad stakeholder engagement to develop and implement 2 primary interventions: A modular digital health curriculum to teach psychosocial skills to youth experiencing boarding and a comprehensive clinical practice guideline to optimize and standardize care across clinical environments at our hospital. This manuscript describes our experience applying HCD principles to this complex health care challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A House
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Health Children's, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; and
- The Value Institute, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Mary Arakelyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Health Children's, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Stephanie C Acquilano
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; and
| | - Leigh Roche
- The Value Institute, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - JoAnna K Leyenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Health Children's, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; and
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4
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Deisenhofer AK, Barkham M, Beierl ET, Schwartz B, Aafjes-van Doorn K, Beevers CG, Berwian IM, Blackwell SE, Bockting CL, Brakemeier EL, Brown G, Buckman JEJ, Castonguay LG, Cusack CE, Dalgleish T, de Jong K, Delgadillo J, DeRubeis RJ, Driessen E, Ehrenreich-May J, Fisher AJ, Fried EI, Fritz J, Furukawa TA, Gillan CM, Gómez Penedo JM, Hitchcock PF, Hofmann SG, Hollon SD, Jacobson NC, Karlin DR, Lee CT, Levinson CA, Lorenzo-Luaces L, McDanal R, Moggia D, Ng MY, Norris LA, Patel V, Piccirillo ML, Pilling S, Rubel JA, Salazar-de-Pablo G, Schleider JL, Schnurr PP, Schueller SM, Siegle GJ, Uher R, Watkins E, Webb CA, Wiltsey Stirman S, Wynants L, Youn SJ, Zilcha-Mano S, Lutz W, Cohen ZD. Implementing precision methods in personalizing psychological therapies: Barriers and possible ways forward. Behav Res Ther 2024; 172:104443. [PMID: 38086157 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudi L Bockting
- AmsterdamUMC, Department of Psychiatry, Research Program Amsterdam Public Health and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim de Jong
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Fritz
- University of Cambridge, UK; Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Claire M Gillan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, And Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mei Yi Ng
- Florida International University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica L Schleider
- Stony Brook University and Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, USA
| | - Paula P Schnurr
- National Center for PTSD and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soo Jeong Youn
- Reliant Medical Group, OptumCare and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | | | - Zachary D Cohen
- University of California, Los Angeles and University of Arizona, USA.
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Pacheco-Barrios K, Gianlorenco AC, Camargo L, Dodurgali MR, Tangjade A, Fregni F. Accelerating the development of noninvasive brain stimulation devices: using design thinking to facilitate its clinical use and acceptance. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:5-9. [PMID: 38149610 PMCID: PMC10983014 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2292733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Anna Carolyna Gianlorenco
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lucas Camargo
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mustafa Reha Dodurgali
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anamon Tangjade
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Vajira hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Oliveira M, E Silva GD, Zancul E. Design and Early Evaluation of a Device to Improve the Sharp Count Process in Operating Rooms. Surg Innov 2023; 30:672-675. [PMID: 37057446 DOI: 10.1177/15533506231170935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
NEED Counting surgical sharps in surgeries mitigates the risk of retained surgical items in patients. Current procedures rely on manual counts throughout and at the end of each surgery. The manual count is lengthy, burdensome, and carries the risk of injuries. TECHNICAL SOLUTION This paper presents the design and early evaluation of a technology aid to automatize the sharps' counting process; it is composed of a shell holding a set of optical sensors that count needles that pass through the shell's top slot. PROOF OF CONCEPT The device was tested with needles originating from 20 surgeries. Users surveyed reported a decrease in counting time and perceived injury risk. The average count error was 4.4%, indicating the need to continue advancing the technology. NEXT STEPS The counting technology needs to be refined to increase accuracy, and a user guide for the equipment must be prepared. Thereafter, a new set of trials must be performed. CONCLUSION Our work provides a detailed requirements list for developing a technology aid to improve the needle count process and investigates one possible technological route to address this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Oliveira
- University of São Paulo School of Engineering, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Zancul
- University of São Paulo School of Engineering, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Chen E, Bishop J, Guge Cozon L, Hernandez E, Sadeghzadeh C, Bradley M, Dearth-Wesley T, De Marco M. Integrating Human-Centered Design Methods Into a Health Promotion Project: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education Case Study for Intervention Design. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e37515. [PMID: 37083485 PMCID: PMC10163394 DOI: 10.2196/37515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human-centered design, or design thinking, offers an extensive toolkit of methods and strategies for user-centered engagement that lends itself well to intervention development and implementation. These methods can be applied to the fields of public health and medicine to design interventions that may be more feasible and viable in real-world contexts than those developed with different methods. OBJECTIVE The design team aimed to develop approaches to building food skills among caregivers of children aged 0-5 years who are eligible for a federal food assistance program while they were in the grocery store. METHODS They applied 3 specific human-centered design methods-Extremes and Mainstreams, Journey Mapping, and Co-Creation Sessions-to collaboratively develop intervention approaches to enhance Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) reach and impact across food retail settings. Extremes and Mainstreams is a specific kind of purposive sampling that selects individuals based on characteristics beyond demographics. Journey Mapping is a visual tool that asks individuals to identify key moments and decision points during an experience. Co-Creation Sessions are choreographed opportunities for individuals to explicitly contribute to the design of a solution alongside research or design team members. RESULTS Ten caregivers with diverse lived experiences were selected to participate in remote design thinking workshops and create individual journey maps to depict their grocery store experiences. Common happy points and pain points were identified. Nine stakeholders, including caregivers, SNAP-Ed staff, and grocery store dieticians, cocreated 2 potential intervention approaches informed by caregivers' experiences and needs: a rewards program and a meal box option. CONCLUSIONS These 3 human-centered design methods led to a meaningful co-design process where proposed interventions aligned with caregivers' wants and needs. This case study provides other public health practitioners with specific examples of how to use these methods in program development and stakeholder engagement as well as lessons learned when adapting these methods to remote settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Chen
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jared Bishop
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lindsay Guge Cozon
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eduardo Hernandez
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire Sadeghzadeh
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Tracy Dearth-Wesley
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Molly De Marco
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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8
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Chiu PC, Su KW, Wang CH, Ruan CW, Shiao ZP, Tsao CH, Huang HH. Development and Testing of the Smart Healthcare Prototype System through COVID-19 Patient Innovation. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060847. [PMID: 36981502 PMCID: PMC10048738 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the epidemic has gradually slowed down in various countries and people’s lives have gradually returned to normal. To monitor the spread of the epidemic, studies discussing the design of related healthcare information systems have been increasing recently. However, these studies might not consider the aspect of user-centric design when developing healthcare information systems. This study examined these innovative technology applications and rapidly built prototype systems for smart healthcare through a systematic literature review and a study of patient innovation. The design guidelines for the Smart Healthcare System (SHS) were then compiled through an expert review process. This will provide a reference for future research and similar healthcare information system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Chiu
- College of Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Su
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-W.S.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Cong-Wen Ruan
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Peng Shiao
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Tsao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-W.S.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Hsin-Hsin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Herrmann IK, Schlegel AA. Fostering Medical Materials Innovation. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 3:24-27. [PMID: 36647456 PMCID: PMC9837876 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Close collaboration between basic researchers and clinicians is at the root of medical material and technology innovation. However, the distinctly different educational curricula and various boundary conditions put barriers on such interactions. This short perspective describes current challenges and provides subsequent solutions that may help research laboratories to overcome frequent hurdles and maximize interdisciplinary interactions. The involvement of various stakeholders is key to establishing an environment for barrier-free, effective collaboration, overcoming disciplinary boundaries and creating a strong source of inspiration and motivation for biomedical innovations with clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge K. Herrmann
- Nanoparticle
Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering
(IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland,Particles-Biology
Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and
Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse
5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland, or . Phone: +41 (0)58 765 7153
| | - Andrea A. Schlegel
- Fondazione
IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre of Preclinical Research, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, Milan 20122, Italy,Department
of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Fleury AL, Goldchmit SM, Gonzales MA, de Farias RR, Fernandes TL. Innovation in Orthopedics: Part 1-Design Thinking. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2022; 15:143-149. [PMID: 35286559 PMCID: PMC8918897 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-022-09748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This narrative will focus on the adoption of design thinking to improve patient-centered care innovation in Orthopedics. Recent Findings The literature reveals a complete set of applications of the design thinking approach in the different stages of the patient experience throughout the health context; however, the papers identified focus on specific parts of the process, and there is no systemic analysis about the different aspects involved in each stage of the complete experience. This review presents a holistic analysis concerning the application of design thinking to the distinct phases of innovation development in orthopedics, from the identification of the specific initial challenges up to the introduction of technology-based artifacts, such as innovations in the musculoskeletal health market. Summary Systematic description of design thinking application to orthopedics, including concepts, methods, tools, and implementation examples in the most relevant phases of the patient experience—clinical treatment, perioperative care, and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Leme Fleury
- Production Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1380, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-010, Brazil.
| | - Sara Miriam Goldchmit
- Design Department, School of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Gonzales
- Design Department, School of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Rogatto de Farias
- Sports Medicine Division, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes
- Sports Medicine Division, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Research methods from human-centered design: Potential applications in pharmacy and health services research. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 17:2036-2043. [PMID: 34229952 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Challenges faced by health systems have become increasingly complex, and expanding the range of methodological options available via interdisciplinary collaboration is important to enable researchers to address them. As complexity increases, it can be more difficult to ensure solutions remain patient-centered. Human-centered design is an approach that focuses on engaging with and understanding the needs of all services users while retaining a systems perspective. Therefore, design professionals skilled in these approaches are increasingly collaborating within health systems in pharmacy and health research teams. This methodological paper considers the potential contribution of human-centered design approaches to optimising development, implementation, and sustainability of patient-centered interventions in pharmacy and health services research. It provides an overview of human-centered design principles and their application, and outlines the emerging roles of design professionals in pharmacy and health services research. It focuses on three key human-centered design methods that can most readily be used by pharmacy and health services researchers. Journey mapping, prototyping, and user testing are discussed in detail. Journey mapping enables holistic visualisation of patient experience from practical and emotional perspectives. It may be used to visualize current practice or model potential future services, and can be informed by quantitative and qualitative data derived from both primary and secondary research. Prototyping facilitates exploration of interventions such as new services quickly and at low-cost. Health services researchers can utilize prototypes for services, processes, experiences, physical objects, environments, spaces, or digital tools for example. Formative evaluation and user testing supports rapid iteration of prototypes to ensure that they meet patient and healthcare professional needs. Finally, challenges with interdisciplinary collaboration and strategies to maximize the potential of using human-centered design approaches in pharmacy and health services research to address complex challenges, enhance practice and deliver benefits for service users, patients, and health systems are discussed.
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