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Yoo L, Mendoza D, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. KAT8 beyond Acetylation: A Survey of Its Epigenetic Regulation, Genetic Variability, and Implications for Human Health. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:639. [PMID: 38790268 PMCID: PMC11121512 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferase 8, also known as KAT8, is an enzyme involved in epigenetic regulation, primarily recognized for its ability to modulate histone acetylation. This review presents an overview of KAT8, emphasizing its biological functions, which impact many cellular processes and range from chromatin remodeling to genetic and epigenetic regulation. In many model systems, KAT8's acetylation of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) is critical for chromatin structure modification, which influences gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, this review summarizes the observed genetic variability within the KAT8 gene, underscoring the implications of various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect its functional efficacy and are linked to diverse phenotypic outcomes, ranging from metabolic traits to neurological disorders. Advanced insights into the structural biology of KAT8 reveal its interaction with multiprotein assemblies, such as the male-specific lethal (MSL) and non-specific lethal (NSL) complexes, which regulate a wide range of transcriptional activities and developmental functions. Additionally, this review focuses on KAT8's roles in cellular homeostasis, stem cell identity, DNA damage repair, and immune response, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. The implications of KAT8 in health and disease, as evidenced by recent studies, affirm its importance in cellular physiology and human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Yoo
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - David Mendoza
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Wan X, Ao Y, Liu X, Zhuang P, Huang Y, Shi H, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Fried food consumption, genetic risk, and incident obesity: a prospective study. Food Funct 2024; 15:2760-2771. [PMID: 38385219 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02803h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims: Genetic and dietary factors contribute to adiposity risk, but little evidence supports genetic personalization of fried food intake recommendations for the management of obesity. This study aimed to assess the associations between fried food consumption and adiposity incidence and whether the associations were modified by an individual's genotype. Methods: We included 27 427 participants who had dietary data assessed by a validated 24 h dietary recall and available anthropometric information from the UK Biobank study. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated using 940 BMI associated variants. Results: With an average of 8.1 years of follow-up, 1472 and 2893 participants were defined as having overall obesity and abdominal obesity, respectively. Individuals in the highest categories of fried food consumption were positively associated with the risk of obesity (HR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.10-1.56) and abdominal obesity (HR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.12-1.45) compared with the lowest categories. Moreover, fried food consumption had a significant interatction with obesity GRS for abdominal obesity risk (P interaction = 0.016). Fried food intake was associated with a higher abdominal obesity risk (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.25-2.00) among participants with a lower genetic risk. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that fried food consumption had a higher abdominal obesity risk among individuals with a lower genetic risk, suggesting the restriction of fried food intake for this group of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yang Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yingyu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Xue Q, Li X, Ma H, Wang X, Heianza Y, Qi L. Ready-to-Eat Food Environments and Risk of Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e010830. [PMID: 38410999 PMCID: PMC10950530 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food environments have been linked to cardiovascular diseases; however, few studies have assessed the relationship between food environments and the risk of heart failure (HF). We aimed to evaluate the association between ready-to-eat food environments and incident HF at an individual level in a large prospective cohort. METHODS Exposure to ready-to-eat food environments, comprising pubs or bars, restaurants or cafeterias, and fast-food outlets, were individually measured as both proximity and density metrics. We also developed a composite ready-to-eat food environment density score by summing the densities of 3 types of food environments. Cox proportional analyses were applied to assess the associations of each single type and the composite food environments with HF risk. RESULTS Closer proximity to and greater density of ready-to-eat food environments, particularly for pubs and bars and fast-food outlets (P<0.05 for both proximity and density metric) were associated with an elevated risk of incident HF. Compared with those with no exposure to composite ready-to-eat food environments, participants in the highest density score category had a 16% (8%-25%; P<0.0001) higher risk of HF. In addition, we found significant interactions of food environments with education, urbanicity, and density of physical activity facilities on HF risk (all Pinteraction<0.05); the ready-to-eat food environments-associated risk of HF was stronger among participants who were poorly educated, living in urban areas, and without physical activity facilities. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ready-to-eat food environments is associated with a higher risk of incident HF, suggesting the potential importance of minimizing unfavorable food environments in the prevention of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Manco L, Albuquerque D, Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Padez C. Protective Association of APOC1/rs4420638 with Risk of Obesity: A case-control Study in Portuguese Children. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:254-263. [PMID: 37328602 PMCID: PMC10902077 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The association of the rs4420638 polymorphism, near the APOC1 gene, was examined with the risk of obesity among Portuguese children. A sample of 446 Portuguese individuals (231 boys and 215 girls) of European descent, aged 3.2 to 13.7 years old (mean age: 7.98 years), were selected to conduct a case-control study. Body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-scores, and waist circumference were calculated. Genotyping was performed by real time PCR using a pre-designed TaqMan probe. Logistic regression and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test were used to test the associations. The association results revealed a significant protective effect from the minor G-allele of SNP rs4420638 against obesity, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.619 (95% CI 0.421-0.913; p = 0.0155) in the additive model, and OR of 0.587 (95% CI 0.383-0.9; p = 0.0145) in the dominant model. Moreover, comparing genotype groups (AA vs. AG + GG), significantly lower values (p < 0.05) for the anthropometric traits weight, height, BMI, BMI Z-score and waist circumference, were observed in the carriers of allele G. The present study provides further evidence for the APOE/APOC1 candidate-region association with the risk of obesity. This was the first study to describe the protective association of the rs4420638 minor G-allele against obesity in childhood exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licínio Manco
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - David Albuquerque
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Hobbs M, McLeod GFH, Mackenbach JD, Marek L, Wiki J, Deng B, Eggleton P, Boden JM, Bhubaneswor D, Campbell M, Horwood LJ. Change in the food environment and measured adiposity in adulthood in the Christchurch Health and development birth cohort, Aotearoa, New Zealand: A birth cohort study. Health Place 2023; 83:103078. [PMID: 37517383 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated associations between change in the food environment and change in measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) birth cohort. Our findings suggest that cohort members who experienced the greatest proportional change towards better access to fast food outlets had the slightly larger increases in BMI and WC. Contrastingly, cohort members who experienced the greatest proportional change towards shorter distance and better access to supermarkets had slightly smaller increases in BMI and WC. Our findings may help explain the changes in BMI and WC at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hobbs
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; Te Taiwhenua o Te Hauora - GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; The Cluster for Community and Urban Resilience (CURe), University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Geraldine F H McLeod
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago - Te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Marek
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; Te Taiwhenua o Te Hauora - GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Wiki
- Te Taiwhenua o Te Hauora - GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland - Waipapa Taumata Rau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bingyu Deng
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; Te Taiwhenua o Te Hauora - GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Phoebe Eggleton
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; Te Taiwhenua o Te Hauora - GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago - Te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Dhakal Bhubaneswor
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago - Te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- Te Taiwhenua o Te Hauora - GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - L John Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago - Te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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M H, N B, L M, J W, J K, R T, T R, J B, H T, S H, B M. The environment a young person grows up in is associated with their mental health: A nationwide geospatial study using the integrated data infrastructure, New Zealand. Soc Sci Med 2023; 326:115893. [PMID: 37119566 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health conditions often arise during adolescence, are multifaceted in aetiology, and may be related to the type of environment in which young people reside. This study used nationwide population-level data to investigate whether the environment a young person grows up in is associated with their mental health. METHOD Data were extracted from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI), a large nationwide research repository, for 917,211 young people (aged 10-24 years) including sociodemographic and mental health data (i.e. emotional, behavioural, substance problems, and self-harm). Environmental data were sourced from the nationwide area-based Healthy Location Index (HLI), which has comprehensive data on the location of several health-constraining (i.e. fast-food outlets) and health-promoting features (i.e. physical activity facilities). Environments were classified as: i) health-promoting, ii) health-constraining, or iii) neither. Associations between the HLI and mental health were investigated using multi-level mixed effects logistic regression modelling. RESULTS Overall, there was evidence of an association between the environment a young person resided in and their mental health. Young people residing in health-constraining environments had higher odds of any mental health condition (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.020 [1.001, 1.040]) and any emotional condition (AOR = 1.037 [1.012, 1.062]). Young people residing in health-promoting environments had lower odds of substance problems (AOR = 0.950 [0.905, 0.997]). There were no significant effects of the environment on behavioural conditions. CONCLUSION Our study utilises a large national sample of almost one million young people to confirm the importance of environmental determinants for mental health. It is possible that leverage points for improving the mental health of young people, and reducing the burden to the health system of mental health, can be sought in upstream environmental based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobbs M
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Bowden N
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Marek L
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Wiki J
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Kokaua J
- Va'a O Tautai - Centre for Pacific Health, Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Theodore R
- National Centre for Lifecourse Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ruhe T
- Va'a O Tautai - Centre for Pacific Health, Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Boden J
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Thabrew H
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hetrick S
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Milne B
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Szalanczy AM, Key CCC, Woods LCS. Genetic variation in satiety signaling and hypothalamic inflammation: merging fields for the study of obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108928. [PMID: 34936921 PMCID: PMC8959400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity has been a longstanding health crisis, the genetic architecture of the disease remains poorly understood. Genome-wide association studies have identified many genomic loci associated with obesity, with genes being enriched in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus. This points to the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in predisposition to obesity, and we emphasize here several key genes along the satiety signaling pathway involved in genetic susceptibility. Interest has also risen regarding the chronic, low-grade obesity-associated inflammation, with a growing concern toward inflammation in the hypothalamus as a precursor to obesity. Recent studies have found that genetic variation in inflammatory genes play a role in obesity susceptibility, and we highlight here several key genes. Despite the interest in the genetic variants of these pathways individually, there is a lack of research that investigates the relationship between the two. Understanding the interplay between genetic variation in obesity genes enriched in the CNS and inflammation genes will advance our understanding of obesity etiology and heterogeneity, improve genetic risk prediction analyses, and highlight new drug targets for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, this increased knowledge will assist in physician's ability to develop personalized nutrition and medication strategies for combating the obesity epidemic. Though it often seems to present universally, obesity is a highly individual disease, and there remains a need in the field to develop methods to treat at the individual level.
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Precision Medicine and Obesity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 274:467-485. [PMID: 34910252 PMCID: PMC9200903 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, and multifactorial disease, with a rising prevalence and an associated high economic burden. Achieving successful and sustained weight loss outcomes with current interventions is challenging. This is due, at least in part, to the disease's heterogenous pathophysiology that is yet to be completely understood. Technological advances and greater capabilities for the extraction and storage of information have facilitated the application of precision medicine. Several precision medicine initiatives have been proposed to improve obesity outcomes. Most of these initiatives are based on -omics technologies. Although the data generated from these technologies have led to developing hypotheses that may explain the underpinnings of obesity, their applicability to the clinical practice is yet to be determined. There are other initiatives that have identified quantitative or qualitative physiologic traits that can be targeted and that could have a more immediate clinical impact. This review aims to provide a perspective of current initiatives for precision medicine for obesity.
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Han HY, Paquet C, Dubé L, Nielsen DE. Diet Quality and Food Prices Modify Associations between Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity and Adiposity Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3349. [PMID: 33143186 PMCID: PMC7692602 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the retail food environment in obesity risk is unclear, which may be due in part to the lack of consideration of individual differences in the responsivity to food cues. This cross-sectional investigation geo-temporally linked the CARTaGENE biobank (including genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric data) with in-store retail food environment data to examine interactions between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for obesity and (1) diet quality (n = 6807) and (2) in-store retail food measures (n = 3718). The outcomes included adiposity-related measures and diet quality assessed using the 2010 Canadian-adapted Healthy Eating Index. A vegetable:soft drink ratio was constructed for each retail measure to assess the relative healthfulness of exposures. Generalized linear models adjusted for individual and neighborhood socio-demographic factors were used to evaluate main and interactive effects. Diet quality significantly modified the association between polygenic risk of obesity and body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percent. A significant interaction was also observed between PRS and frequency of price discount of vegetables in relation to soft drinks on waist circumference. These results replicate previous reports of diet moderating polygenic risk of obesity and suggest that prices of low vs. high-energy density foods are an intervention target to address population obesity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Yang Han
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Administration, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G5, Canada;
| | - Daiva E Nielsen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
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