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Biomarkers of cardiometabolic complications in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21507. [PMID: 33299020 PMCID: PMC7726154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) are at higher risk of developing cardiometabolic complications. We aimed at exploring the associations between biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, endotoxemia and cardiometabolic risk factors. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 246 cALL survivors (mean age, 22.1 ± 6.3 years; mean time since diagnosis, 15.5 ± 5.2 years) and evaluated the associations using a series of logistic regressions. Using structural equation models, we also tested if the relationship between endotoxemia and cardiometabolic complications was mediated by the latent (unobserved) variable inflammation inferred from the observed biomarkers CRP, TNF-α and IL-6. High leptin-adiponectin ratio was associated with obesity [adjusted OR = 15.7; 95% CI (6.2–39.7)], insulin resistance [20.6 (5.2–82.1)] and the metabolic syndrome [11.2 (2.6–48.7)]. Higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were associated with obesity [3.37 (1.6–7.1) and 2.34 (1.3–4.2), respectively] whereas high C-reactive protein levels were associated with insulin resistance [3.3 (1.6–6.8)], dyslipidemia [2.6 (1.4–4.9)] and MetS [6.5 (2.4–17.9)]. Our analyses provided evidence for a directional relationship between lipopolysaccharide binding protein, related to metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation and cardiometabolic outcomes. Identification of biomarkers and biological mechanisms could open new avenues for prevention strategies to minimize the long-term sequelae, improve follow-up and optimize the quality of life of this high-risk population.
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Karamzad N, Faraji E, Adeli S, Carson‐Chahhoud K, Azizi S, Pourghassem Gargari B. Effects of MK-7 Supplementation on Glycemic Status, Anthropometric Indices and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2239-2249. [PMID: 32617013 PMCID: PMC7326202 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s253014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent disorder which accounts for 90-95% of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of menaquinone (MK-7) supplementation on glycemic indices, anthropometric indices and lipid profile, among patients with T2DM. METHODS In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 60 men and women with T2DM were allocated equally into either the MK-7 (200 µg/day) or the placebo group. Physical activity level and dietary intake were assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) and a 3-day food record, pre- and post-intervention. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic indices and lipid profile including fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HBA1C), fasting insulin (FI), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were measured at baseline and after twelve weeks. RESULTS Forty-five patients completed the trial. There were no significant between-group differences for calorie intake, macronutrient intake, physical activity level or anthropometric measures at baseline and at the end of the study. Dietary vitamin K intake increased significantly at the end of the study in the MK-7 (p: 0.02) and placebo (p: 0.001) groups, but intergroup differences were not significant (p: 0.86). FBS (p: 0.01), HbA1c (p: 0.002), fasting insulin (p: 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p: 0.007) decreased significantly in the MK-7 group. Furthermore, after adjustment for the baseline values and changes of vitamin K intake at the end of study, FBS and HbA1C showed significant intergroup changes, and they were significantly lower in the MK-7 group compared to the placebo group. Lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C) did not change significantly within or between groups. CONCLUSION MK-7 supplementation seems to be effective in the improvement of glycemic indices, but not the lipid profile of patients with T2DM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The present study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on May 2019 (ID: IRCT20100123003140N22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Karamzad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Faraji
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Adeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kristin Carson‐Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Samaneh Azizi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence: Bahram Pourghassem Gargari Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Email
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Association of proinflammatory genes expression with serum interleukin 1β and free fatty acids in metabolically healthy and unhealthy abdominally obese individuals: a case-control study. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:23. [PMID: 31272370 PMCID: PMC6611037 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proinflammatory genes are highly expressed in several metabolic disorders associated with obesity. But it is not clarified whether gene expression levels and downstream inflammatory markers are related to the metabolic state or the presence of obesity. Hence, the present study aimed to compare Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88), and NFĸB mRNA expression levels between metabolically healthy abdominally obese (MHAO) and metabolically unhealthy abdominally obese (MUAO) individuals. Results We compared mRNA expression levels of the genes as well as serum FFAs and IL-1β in MUAO (n = 36) and MHAO (n = 34) groups. Serum FBS, TG, and HDL-C in addition to systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in MUAO than MHAO groups (p < 0.05). The odds of MUAO was significantly decreased with high HDL-C (OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.08–0.63) and increased with high FBS (OR = 7.04, 95%CI: 1.42–34.69) and TG (OR = 30.55, 95%CI: 7.48–60.67). There were no significant differences in proinflammatory genes as well as serum FFAs and IL-1β between the two groups. No associations were found between the genes expression and serum markers. However, NFĸB expression was significantly correlated with TLR2 and MyD88 (r = 0.747; p < 0.001). Significant correlations were also noticed between TLR2 and MyD88 expression as well as between serum FFAs and IL-1β in each group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Serum concentration of IL-1β, FFAs, and mRNA expression levels of TLR2, MyD88, and NFĸB may be resulted from abdominal obesity and not be related to the presence or absence of metabolic health.
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Maillard F, Vazeille E, Sauvanet P, Sirvent P, Combaret L, Sourdrille A, Chavanelle V, Bonnet R, Otero YF, Delcros G, Barnich N, Boisseau N. High intensity interval training promotes total and visceral fat mass loss in obese Zucker rats without modulating gut microbiota. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214660. [PMID: 30964881 PMCID: PMC6456220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Increased visceral adipose tissue and dysbiosis in the overweight and obese promote chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the gut-adipose tissue cross-talk in obese Zucker rats. Methods Obese male Zucker rats (n = 36) were divided in three groups: MICT (12m.min-1 for 51min), HIIT (6 sets at 18 m.min-1 for 4min followed by 3min at 10m.min-1) and controls (CONT; no exercise). The animals ran on a treadmill 5 days/week for 10 weeks. Body composition, glycaemic control, lipid profile, inflammation, lipolysis signalling in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, intestinal permeability (tight junctions and plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein; LBP), and gut microbiota composition were assessed in the three groups. Results After 10 weeks of exercise, total and epididymal fat mass decreased only in the HIIT group. The α/β adrenergic receptor RNA ratio in subcutaneous adipose tissue increased only in the HIIT group. The expression level of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase was not modified by training. Both HIIT and MICT decreased inflammation (plasma myeloperoxidase and keratinocyte-derived chemokine secretion in adipose tissue) and improved glucose metabolism. Zonula occludens-1 and occludin were upregulated in the HIIT group. Plasma LBP was similarly reduced in both training groups. HIIT and MICT did not affect gut microbiota composition. Conclusion In obese Zucker rats, HIIT and MICT improved inflammation and glucose metabolism. In contrast, only HIIT decreased total and visceral fat mass. These adaptations were not associated with modifications in gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie Maillard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne/Inserm U1071; USC-INRA 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Emilie Vazeille
- Université Clermont Auvergne/Inserm U1071; USC-INRA 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’Hépato-Gastro Entérologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- Université Clermont Auvergne/Inserm U1071; USC-INRA 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de chirurgie digestive, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Sourdrille
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vivien Chavanelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne/Inserm U1071; USC-INRA 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Bacteriology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yolanda Fernandez Otero
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geoffrey Delcros
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne/Inserm U1071; USC-INRA 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gut Microbiota, a Potential New Target for Chinese Herbal Medicines in Treating Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2634898. [PMID: 30906411 PMCID: PMC6398116 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2634898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, as an important factor affecting host health, plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the mechanism may be related to excessive endotoxins, altered short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and disordered bile acid metabolism. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating DM, but its mechanism is not very clear. Recent research has suggested that Chinese herbal medicine can improve glucose metabolism by remodeling the gut microbiota, which opens new avenues for further research on hypoglycemic mechanisms. This review presents the recent progress of Chinese herbs, herbal extracts, and herbal compound preparations in treating DM through regulating the gut microbiota and summarizes the main mechanisms involved, namely, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, protecting the intestinal barrier and inhibiting lipotoxicity. In addition, some suggestions for improvement are also proposed.
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Amiri P, Naghizadeh M, Baradaran B, Saghafi-Asl M, Shanehbandi D, Mirmajidi S. Insulin resistance in relation to inflammatory gene expression and metabolic features in apparently healthy obese individuals. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Mirmajidi S, Izadi A, Saghafi-Asl M, Vahid F, Karamzad N, Amiri P, Shivappa N, Hébert JR. Inflammatory Potential of Diet: Association With Chemerin, Omentin, Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein, and Insulin Resistance in the Apparently Healthy Obese. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:302-310. [PMID: 30252613 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1504348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-grade inflammation is a characteristic of various conditions, including obesity. Diet is regarded as a strong modifier of inflammation. The potential links between inflammatory properties of diet and adipokines as well as insulin resistance (IR) warrant further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with serum chemerin, omentin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) as well as IR among apparently healthy obese adults. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 171 abdominally obese subjects were recruited in the northwest of Iran. Demographic data, dietary intake, anthropometric indices, and physical activity (PA) were assessed. DII scores were calculated based on dietary intake, using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Basal blood samples were collected to determine the biochemical parameters. A linear regression test with adjusted beta estimates was applied for data analysis. RESULT Compared to those with higher DII score, the group with lower DII score (anti-inflammatory diet) had higher protein (83.62 ± 36.42 g vs. 71.61 ± 25.94 g) and lower carbohydrate (325.00 ± 125.76 g vs. 378.19 ± 137.69 g) intake. Participants with higher DII score had lower consumption of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats as well as fiber and higher saturated fats (p < .001). Those with elevated DII score had higher levels of chemerin (p = .034) and LBP (p = .040), compared to those with lower DII. Omentin showed no significant differences between groups with different DII scores. Additionally, people with a more proinflammatory diet had higher FBS (p = .005); however, other markers of IR did not differ by DII scores. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that increased inflammatory potential of diet, as indicated by higher DII score, is associated with elevated levels of chemerin and LBP. While DII was positively associated with FBS, no significant correlation was found for insulin and other indices of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mirmajidi
- a Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- a Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- c Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health , Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran
| | - Nahid Karamzad
- d Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery , Maragheh University of Medical Sciences , Maragheh , Iran
| | - Parichehr Amiri
- a Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- e Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,f Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - James R Hébert
- e Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,f Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
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Karakas SE, Surampudi P. New Biomarkers to Evaluate Hyperandrogenemic Women and Hypogonadal Men. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 86:71-125. [PMID: 30144842 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgens can have variable effects on men and women. Women may be evaluated for androgen excess for several reasons. Typically, young premenopausal women present with clinical symptoms of hirsutism, alopecia, irregular menses, and/or infertility. The most common cause of these symptoms is polycystic ovary syndrome. After menopause, even though ovaries stop producing estrogen, they continue to produce androgen, and women can have new onset of hirsutism and alopecia. Laboratory evaluation involves measurement of the major ovarian and adrenal androgens. In women, age, phase of the menstrual cycle, menopausal status, obesity, metabolic health, and sex hormone-binding proteins significantly affect total-androgen levels and complicate interpretation. This review will summarize the clinically relevant evaluation of hyperandrogenemia at different life stages in women and highlight pitfalls associated with interpretation of commonly used hormone measurements. Hypogonadism in men is a clinical syndrome characterized by low testosterone and/or low sperm count. Symptoms of hypogonadism include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased vitality, decreased muscle mass, increased adiposity, depressed mood, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Hypogonadism is a common disorder in aging men. Hypogonadism is observed rarely in young boys and adolescent men. Based on the defects in testes, hypothalamus, and/or pituitary glands, hypogonadism can be broadly classified as primary, secondary, and mixed hypogonadism. Diagnosis of hypogonadism in men is based on symptoms and laboratory measurement. Biomarkers in use/development for hypogonadism are classified as hormonal, Leydig and Sertoli cell function, semen, genetic/RNA, metabolic, microbiome, and muscle mass-related. These biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of hypogonadism, determination of the type of hypogonadism, identification of the underlying causes, and therapeutic assessment. Measurement of serum testosterone is usually the most important single diagnostic test for male hypogonadism. Patients with primary hypogonadism have low testosterone and increased luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Patients with secondary hypogonadism have low testosterone and low or inappropriately normal LH and FSH. This review provides an overview of hypogonadism in men and a detailed discussion of biomarkers currently in use and in development for diagnosis thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidika E Karakas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Prasanth Surampudi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Ortega FB, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Migueles JH, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Sui X, Blair SN, Martínez-Vizcaino V, Lavie CJ. Role of Physical Activity and Fitness in the Characterization and Prognosis of the Metabolically Healthy Obesity Phenotype: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:190-205. [PMID: 30122522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present article are to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence on: 1) differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MST) between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO); and 2) the prognosis of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality/morbidity in MHO individuals, compared with the best scenario possible, i.e., metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW), after adjusting for PA, SB, CRF or MST. Our systematic review identified 67 cross-sectional studies to address aim 1, and 11 longitudinal studies to address aim 2. The major findings and conclusions from the current meta-analysis are: 1) MHO individuals are more active, spend less time in SB, and have a higher level of CRF (yet no differences in MST) than MUO individuals, suggesting that their healthier metabolic profile could be at least partially due to these healthier lifestyle factors and attributes. 2) The meta-analysis of cohort studies which accounted for PA (N = 10 unique cohorts, 100% scored as high-quality) support the notion that MHO individuals have a 24-33% higher risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality/morbidity compared to MHNW individuals. This risk was borderline significant/non-significant, independent of the length of the follow-up and lower than that reported in previous meta-analyses in this topic including all type of studies, which could be indicating a modest reduction in the risk estimates as a consequence of accounting for PA. 3) Only one study has examined the role of CRF in the prognosis of MHO individuals. This study suggests that the differences in the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality/morbidity between MHO and MHNW are largely explained by differences in CRF between these two phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaino
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain and Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Health Sciences Faculty, Talca, Chile
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School -the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Naghizadeh M, Baradaran B, Saghafi-Asl M, Amiri P, Shanehbandi D, Karamzad N, Mohamed-Khosroshahi L. Toll-like receptor signaling and serum levels of interferon β and lipopolysaccharide binding protein are related to abdominal obesity: a case-control study between metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obese individuals. Nutr Res 2018; 55:11-20. [PMID: 29914624 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is still unclear whether toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and serum levels of inflammatory markers in metabolically unhealthy abdominally obese (MUAO) are due to their obesity and/or their metabolic state. We hypothesized that abdominal obesity is an important mediator of the association of metabolic state with TLR signaling and serum inflammatory markers. Therefore, in this case-control study, we compared the expression levels of TLR4 and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon β (TRIF) and serum concentrations of interferon β and lipoprotein-binding protein (LBP) in metabolically healthy abdominally obese (MHAO) and MUAO individuals. Basal blood samples from 65 abdominally obese subjects with waist circumference (WC) of at least 95 cm were collected to determine serum metabolic parameters, IFNβ, and LBP. Those with 3 or more metabolic alterations were defined as MUAO (n = 34), and those having 2 or less were classified as MHAO (n = 31). Furthermore, messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TLR4 and TRIF gene expression assay was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. There were significant differences in serum fasting blood sugar (P = .017), triglyceride (P < .001), cholesterol (P = .002), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .034) between the MUAO and MHAO groups, whereas no significant difference was observed in the expression ratio of TLR4 and TRIF mRNA and serum levels of IFNβ and LBP. However, a significant correlation was noticed between mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and TRIF (r = 0.50, P < .001) and serum IFNβ and LBP (r = 0.70, P < .001). It is concluded that the expression levels of TLR4 and TRIF as well as serum IFNβ and LBP are more related to abdominal obesity than to metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Naghizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Parichehr Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Karamzad
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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