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Wondmagegn T, Girma B, Habtemariam Y. Prevalence and determinants of developmental delay among children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1301524. [PMID: 38628845 PMCID: PMC11018911 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1301524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental delay is a public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. However, there is no summarized evidence in low- and middle-income countries on developmental delay, and primary studies on this issue show varied and inconclusive results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled magnitude of confirmed developmental delay and its determinants among children in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to write this systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary studies were searched from PubMed, PsycINFO, Hinari, Science Direct, African Journal of Online, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, adapted for the cross-sectional studies, was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by the I2 and Eggers tests, respectively. Due to the high heterogeneity, the random effects model was used for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to show the association between developmental delay and its determinants. Results The pooled prevalence of confirmed developmental delay was 18.83, 95% CI (15.53-22.12). In the subgroup analysis, a high prevalence of developmental delay [26.69% (95% CI, 15.78-37.60)] was observed in studies performed in Africa. Maternal education [3.04; 95% CI (2.05, 4.52)] and low birth weight [3.61; 95% CI (1.72, 7.57)] were significant determinants of developmental delay. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of developmental delay in low- and middle-income countries was high as compared to that in high-income countries. Maternal education level and weight at birth were significantly associated with developmental delays. Therefore, strategies should be designed to decrease the rate of low birth weight and the number of illiterate mothers living in low- and middle-income countries. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, CRD42024513060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Wondmagegn
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Bekahegn Girma
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Habtemariam
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Tangviriyapaiboon D, Thaineua V, Sirithongthaworn S, Kanshana S, Damrongtamwattana S, Prasitwattanaseree S, Srikummoon P, Thongsak N, Thumronglaohapun S, Traisathit P. Factors Associated with Suspected Developmental Delay in Thai Children Born with Low Birth Weight or Asphyxia. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:631-640. [PMID: 37938440 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with a risk of suspected developmental delay (SDD) in high-risk children in Thailand. METHODS We used data on children enrolled for developmental delay (DD) screening across Thailand collected by the Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Children who were under 5 years of age with a birth weight of fewer than 2500 g and/or birth asphyxia in Thailand with high risk of DD were assessed using the Developmental Assessment for Intervention Manual (DAIM) between August 2013 and November 2019 (N = 14,314). RESULTS The high-risk children who had a gestational age at birth of < 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-1.70) and/or had a birth weight < 2500 g (1.22; 1.02-1.45), or had mothers who were not government officers (1.46; 1.11-1.93), had a low education level (1.36; 1.19-1.55), had a poor nutritional status (1.34; 1.09-1.65), and/or who were living in a high-altitude area (1.59; 1.32-1.91) were at a higher risk of SDD. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Children with a low birth weight and/or asphyxia during birth had a high risk of DD. SDD monitoring of children by community health workers and/or by developing outreach strategies, especially in underserved regions, should be considered. In addition, developing policies and guidelines, and intervention for high-risk children ought to be conducted to reduce the subsequent problems caused by the late detection of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamol Tangviriyapaiboon
- Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Vallop Thaineua
- Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Siripon Kanshana
- Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthapat Thongsak
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Gemuhay HM, Ali S, Kibusi S. Experiences and Challenges of Mothers in Caring for Infants with Delayed Developmental Milestones: A Case of Dodoma Region, Tanzania. East Afr Health Res J 2024; 8:86-98. [PMID: 39234343 PMCID: PMC11371068 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v8i1.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed Developmental Milestones is a physical disability affecting the child development, occurs when the child fails to attain normal milestones compared to other children. Globally, 180-200 million infants have signs of developmental delay, and 86% are from developing countries. In Dar es Salaam, proportion of children with cognitive delay is 12.3%. Objectives This study explored the experiences and challenges of mothers in caring for infants with delayed developmental milestones. Methods In-depth interviews with ten mothers explored their experiences and identified challenges they encountered while caring for infants with delayed developmental milestones. NVIVO plus software was used for content analysis. Results Results showed that parents raising infants with delayed developmental milestones had negative experiences on the cause and types of delayed milestones. They lost hope. They were facing different challenges like lack of specialists, conflict in marriage and stigma. Conclusion Mothers of infants with delayed developmental milestones had negative experiences about this problem and they face many challenges in caring the infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saada Ali
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health
| | - Stephen Kibusi
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Teshome MS, Lema TB, Abessa TG, Mingels S, Granitzer M, Rameckers E, Verbecque E. Current evidence on the effectiveness of Ready-to-Use Supplementary Foods in children with moderate acute malnutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Sci 2024; 12:e130. [PMID: 38179261 PMCID: PMC10765019 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is defined by a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between -3 and -2 of the WHO reference or by a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of ≥11⋅5 and <12⋅5 cm. This study aimed to synthesise the evidence for the effectiveness of Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) compared to other dietary interventions or no intervention on functioning at different levels of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) among children with MAM between 2 and12 years old. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched (last update: 20 November 2022). Pooled estimates of effect were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. The level of evidence was estimated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. Seven studies were included. RUSF had a significant small-sized better effect (pooled mean: 0⋅38; 95 % CI = [0⋅10, 0⋅67], P = 0⋅01, I² = 97 %) on different anthropometric measurements compared to other dietary interventions among MAM children (n 6476). Comparing RUSF with corn-soy blend Plus Plus (CSB++) showed that RUSF had a small-sized but significantly better effect on the children's anthropometric measures compared to children who received CSB++ (pooled mean: 0⋅16; 95 % CI = [0⋅05, 0⋅27], P = 0⋅01; I2 = 35 %). MAM children treated with RUSF had a better recovery rate compared to those treated with CSB++ (pooled risk difference: 0⋅11; 95 % CI = [0⋅06, 0⋅11], P < 0⋅001; I2 = 0 %). The RUSF intervention seems promising in improving MAM children's nutritional outcomes and recovery rate compared to other dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Sinaga Teshome
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Health Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tefera Belachew Lema
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Health Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Teklu Gemechu Abessa
- Department of Special Needs and Inclusive Education, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sarah Mingels
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven University, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marita Granitzer
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eugene Rameckers
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Kao CS, Fan YT, Wang YL, Chen YH, Chao HJ, Lo YC, Jiang CB, Chien LC. Associations between parental and postnatal metal mixture exposure and developmental delays in a Taiwanese longitudinal birth cohort of preschool children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117360-117372. [PMID: 37867168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies have evaluated the impact of environmental exposure to neurotoxic metals on developmental delays (DDs). However, comprehensive understanding regarding the associations between parental and postnatal exposure to metal mixtures and the occurrence of DDs in offspring is limited. In this study, we assessed the relationships between parental and postnatal exposure to three metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], and lead [Pb], levels of which were measured in toenails) and suspected DDs (SDDs) in preschool children within a Taiwanese longitudinal birth cohort. In total between 2017 and 2021, 154 pairs of parents and their children under the age of 6 years were recruited, and 462 toenail samples and 154 completed questionnaires were collected. Metal concentrations in toenails were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after acid digestion of the toenails. We applied multivariable logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression to evaluate the overall effect and to identify key components of the metal mixture that were associated with the SDD risk. Higher concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb were found in the toenails of the parents of children with SDDs compared with the toenails of the parents of children without SDDs. Our examination of the combined effects of exposure to the metal mixture revealed that As concentration in the father's toenail and Cd concentration in the mother's toenail were positively correlated with the risk of SDDs in their offspring. Notably, the effect of exposure to the metal mixture on the risk of SDDs was stronger in boys than in girls. Our findings suggest that parents taking measures to minimize their exposure to metals might enhance their children's developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sian Kao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Fan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Wang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Khan N, Khan MA, Khan MA, Ejaz A, Warraitch A, Ishaq S, Salahuddin E, Khan HJ, Walley JD. Is Early Childhood Development Care at Public Health Facilities in Pakistan Effective? A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023; 11:e2300037. [PMID: 37903571 PMCID: PMC10615232 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant brain development in children occurs from birth to 2 years, with environment playing an important role. Stimulation interventions are widely known to be effective in enhancing early childhood development (ECD). This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating ECD care delivered by lady health visitors (LHVs) at public health facilities in rural Pakistan. METHOD A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted through public health facilities in 2 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 22 clusters (rural health centers and subdistrict hospitals) were randomly allocated to receive routine care (control: n=11 clusters, 406 mother-child pairs) or counseling (intervention: n=11 clusters, 398 mother-child pairs). All children aged 11-12 months without any congenital abnormality were eligible for enrollment. The intervention was delivered by the LHVs to mothers with children aged 12-24 months in 3 quarterly sessions. RESULTS The primary outcome was the prevention of ECD delays in children aged 24 months (assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3). Analysis was done on an intention-to-treat basis. A total of 804 mother-child pairs were registered in the study, of which 26 (3.3%) pairs were lost to follow-up at the endpoint. The proportion of children with 2 or more developmental delays was significantly less in the intervention arm (13%) as compared to the control arm (41%) at an endpoint (odds ratio=0.21; 95% confidence interval=0.11, 0.42). Children in the intervention arm also had significantly better anthropometric measurements when aged 24 months than the children in the control arm. CONCLUSION The integrated ECD care intervention for children aged 12-24 months at public health facilities was found to be effective in enhancing ECD and reducing the proportion of children with global development delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Khan
- Association for Social Development, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Amna Ejaz
- Association for Social Development, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sehrish Ishaq
- Association for Social Development, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - John D Walley
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Jiménez-Ceballos B, Martínez-Herrera E, Ocharan-Hernández ME, Guerra-Araiza C, Farfán García ED, Muñoz-Ramírez UE, Fuentes-Venado CE, Pinto-Almazán R. Nutritional Status and Poverty Condition Are Associated with Depression in Preschoolers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050835. [PMID: 37238383 DOI: 10.3390/children10050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Consensus has been reached that symptoms of depression can begin as early as preschool. Nevertheless, only few studies have associated environmental (malnutrition) and social factors (poverty condition, access to health systems, etc.) to the onset of depression in preschoolers. The aim of this study was to explore possible associations between malnutrition (underweight, overweight/obesity), poverty status (home quality, overcrowding), access to healthcare systems and the presence of depressive symptoms in the preschoolers of a semi-rural community. In total, 695 children between 3 and 6 years from the municipality of Chiconcuac, Mexico were evaluated for symptoms of depression with the Preschool Depression Scale for Teachers (ESDM 3-6). Additionally, they were assessed for nutritional status and divided into three groups (low weight, normal weight, overweight/obesity), and their parents were asked to fill out a social demographic questionnaire. Malnutrition status OR = 2.702, 95% CI [1.771-4.145]; UW OR = 4.768, 95% CI [2.570-8.795] and OW/OB OR = 1.959, 95% CI [1.175-3.324]; poverty condition per se OR = 1.779, 95% CI [0.9911-2.630]; housing quality OR = 2.020, 95% CI [0.9606-2.659] and overcrowding = 1.619, 95% CI [0.8989-4.433] were associated to a greater risk for children to show depressive symptoms (DS). Access to healthcare was negatively related with the risk of presenting DS (OR = 0.660, 95% CI [0.3130 to 1.360]). Social and environmental factors such as malnutrition, home quality and overcrowding may increase the risk of presenting DS as soon as in preschool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabé Jiménez-Ceballos
- Clínica de Trastornos de Sueño, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa UAM-I, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma 1ra Secc, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Esther Ocharan-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Eunice D Farfán García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Uriel Emiliano Muñoz-Ramírez
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad la Salle-México, las Fuentes 17, Tlalpan Centro I, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Claudia Erika Fuentes-Venado
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
- Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General de Zona No 197 IMSS, Texcoco 56108, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
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Ma Y, Jonsson L, Yao Z, Zhang X, Friesen D, Medina A, Rozelle S, Pappas L. The home language environment in rural China: variations across family characteristics. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:354. [PMID: 36797712 PMCID: PMC9936727 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rich language environment is an important element of a nurturing home environment. Despite their proven importance, vocabulary and conversation have been shown to vary widely across households-even within the same socio-economic class. One significant gap in the existing literature is its nearly exclusive geographic focus on Western and developed settings, with little attention given to poorer communities in lower/middle income countries. The purpose of this study was to empirically illustrate the characteristics of the home language environment in the low SES, non-Western cultural setting of rural China. METHODS Using Language Environment Analysis (LENA) automated language-analysis system, this study measured the home language environment of 38 children aged 20-27 months in Northwest rural China. Our primary measures of the home language environment were Adult Word Count (AWC), Conversational Turn Count (CTC) and Child Vocalization Count (CVC). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between home language environment and family/child characteristics, and language skills (Measured by MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory score). RESULTS In this paper, by comparison, we found that the home language environment of our rural sample fell far behind that of urban households. We also identify significant, positive correlations between language skills and both AWC and CTC. Our analysis finds no significant correlations between home language environment and family/child characteristics. CONCLUSION In this paper, we present the first ever findings using the LENA system to measure the home language environment of young children from poor rural communities in China. We found that the home language environment of lower-SES household was significantly worse than high-SES households, and demonstrated the importance of the home language environment to language skills, pointing to a need for more high-quality studies of the home language environment in rural China to better understand possible mechanisms behind low levels of parent-child language engagement and ways to improve the home language environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Laura Jonsson
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Zixin Yao
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Economics Department, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Xinwu Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Chang'an District, 710127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Dimitris Friesen
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Alexis Medina
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Lucy Pappas
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
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Metwally AM, Abdallah AM, Salah El-Din EM, Khadr Z, Raouf ERA, Elghareeb NA, Saleh RM, Abuelela MH, Amer HA, Hasanin HM, Mawla MAA, Sallam SF, El-Alameey IR, Sami SM, Abdel-Latif GA, Abdelrahman M, Shehata MA. A national prevalence and profile of single and multiple developmental delays among children aged from 1 year up to 12 years: an Egyptian community-based study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:63. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed at providing a national prevalence of single and multiple developmental delays (DDs) among 41,640 Egyptian children aged 1 to 12 years and exploring DDs’ associated risk and protective factors.
Methods
A national household survey from eight governorates of Egypt representing the four major subdivisions of Egypt was conducted through systematic probability proportionate to size. All enrolled children were assessed according to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, (VABS) as a reliable screening questionnaire for identifying categories of DDs that were verified by pediatrics’ specialists.
Results
The overall prevalence of children with DDs was 6.7%. The prevalence of a single DD was 3.9% versus 2.8% multiple DDs. Communication deficit was the most prevalent type (5.3%). Lower prevalence was identified for fine motor delay (1.0%), gross motor delay, and socialization deficit (1.5% each). Whereas deficits in daily life skills (self-help and adaptive behavior delay) amounted to 2.3%. Living without mothers and/or fathers in homes was associated with increased odds of having DDs by one and a half times (OR = 1.72 and OR = 1.34 respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the most predictors for DDs including children who suffer from convulsions after birth (OR = 3.10), low birth weight babies (OR = 1.94), male sex (OR = 1.75), mothers having health problems during pregnancy (OR = 1.70) and belonging to middle socioeconomic status (OR = 1.41). Children who suffered from cyanosis after birth was found to be at risk for any or multiple DDs. Difficult labor was significantly associated with increased odds for multiple DDs (OR = 1.55). Higher paternal and maternal education was associated with decreased odds to have any DDs by 40% (OR = 0.60 and OR = 0.58 respectively).
Conclusions
The detected prevalence of DDs is within the estimated range of prevalence of DDs for the pediatric population. The majority of the detected risk factors are preventable. Developmental screening is recommended to be implemented in all primary care settings as a routine practice.
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Metwally AM, Abdallah AM, Salah El-Din EM, Khadr Z, Raouf ERA, Elghareeb NA, Saleh RM, Abuelela MH, Amer HA, Hasanin HM, Mawla MAA, Sallam SF, El-Alameey IR, Sami SM, Abdel-Latif GA, Abdelrahman M, Shehata MA. A national prevalence and profile of single and multiple developmental delays among children aged from 1 year up to 12 years: an Egyptian community-based study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:63. [PMID: 35932037 PMCID: PMC9356393 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at providing a national prevalence of single and multiple developmental delays (DDs) among 41,640 Egyptian children aged 1 to 12 years and exploring DDs' associated risk and protective factors. METHODS A national household survey from eight governorates of Egypt representing the four major subdivisions of Egypt was conducted through systematic probability proportionate to size. All enrolled children were assessed according to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, (VABS) as a reliable screening questionnaire for identifying categories of DDs that were verified by pediatrics' specialists. RESULTS The overall prevalence of children with DDs was 6.7%. The prevalence of a single DD was 3.9% versus 2.8% multiple DDs. Communication deficit was the most prevalent type (5.3%). Lower prevalence was identified for fine motor delay (1.0%), gross motor delay, and socialization deficit (1.5% each). Whereas deficits in daily life skills (self-help and adaptive behavior delay) amounted to 2.3%. Living without mothers and/or fathers in homes was associated with increased odds of having DDs by one and a half times (OR = 1.72 and OR = 1.34 respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the most predictors for DDs including children who suffer from convulsions after birth (OR = 3.10), low birth weight babies (OR = 1.94), male sex (OR = 1.75), mothers having health problems during pregnancy (OR = 1.70) and belonging to middle socioeconomic status (OR = 1.41). Children who suffered from cyanosis after birth was found to be at risk for any or multiple DDs. Difficult labor was significantly associated with increased odds for multiple DDs (OR = 1.55). Higher paternal and maternal education was associated with decreased odds to have any DDs by 40% (OR = 0.60 and OR = 0.58 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The detected prevalence of DDs is within the estimated range of prevalence of DDs for the pediatric population. The majority of the detected risk factors are preventable. Developmental screening is recommended to be implemented in all primary care settings as a routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammal M Metwally
- Community Medicine Research Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ali M Abdallah
- Quantitative Methods Department, Aswan University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtissam M Salah El-Din
- Child Health Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Khadr
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- The Social Research Center of the American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab R Abdel Raouf
- Department of Child with Special Needs/Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Elghareeb
- Prevention of Disability General Directorate, Ministry of Health and Population, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehan M Saleh
- Community Medicine Research Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal H Abuelela
- Public Health Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala A Amer
- Community Medicine Research Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Infection Control, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasanin M Hasanin
- Pediatrics Dept., Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdel Mawla
- Pediatrics Dept., Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara F Sallam
- Child Health Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas R El-Alameey
- Child Health Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Taibah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia M Sami
- Child Health Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Community Medicine Research Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Community Medicine Research Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Shehata
- Child Health Department/ Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Wang L, Wang T, Li H, Guo K, Hu L, Zhang S, Rozelle S. Parental Self-Perception, Parental Investment, and Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes: Evidence From Rural China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:820113. [PMID: 35433599 PMCID: PMC9008586 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.820113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a three-wave longitudinal survey conducted in 815 households in rural Western China, this study aims to examine the association between parental self-perception and early childhood development and the mediation effect of parental investment on the association between parental self-perception and child development when the sample children are at different ages in the early childhood (18-30, 22-36, and 49-65 months). The results demonstrate that parental self-perception are positively and significantly associated with child social-emotional development in all three ages of childhood (from 18 to 65 months). Positive and significant association between parental self-perception and child cognitive development is found in the ages from 22 to 65 months. In addition, findings of this study show that parental investment plays a mediating role in the association between parental self-perception and child cognitive development. The study calls on policymakers to help to strengthen parental self-perception and parental investment related to early childhood development, which should result in better child development in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Li
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Lynn Hu
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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12
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Bishwokarma A, Shrestha D, Bhujel K, Chand N, Adhikari L, Kaphle M, Wagle A, Karmacharya I. Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263105. [PMID: 35143516 PMCID: PMC8830665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children from low-resource settings are more likely to encounter those factors that adversely influence their ability to acquire developmental potential. This study was conducted to assess the developmental status and its associated factors among children under five years of slum areas of Butwal Sub Metropolitan City, Rupandehi, Nepal. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study using Developmental Milestone Chart (DMC) among 165 children under five years. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Review Board of Nepal Health Research Council. R software was used for data analysis. The association between developmental status and associated factors were examined with Chi-square and followed by logistic regression. Notably, more than half of the children (56.4%) had delayed development across two or more domains of gross motor, fine motor, language/ speech, and social development. Age, sex, socio-economic status, availability of learning materials, the occurrence of infectious diseases, and height-for-age of children were found to be significantly associated with the developmental status of children under study (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children taken under the study had delayed development on different four domains. Findings from the study suggest that there should be similar studies conducted among children living in slum-like conditions. Additionally, programs should be designed as such which aims to mitigate the effect of socio-economic status on child development and has learning and nutritional aspects embedded central to its deliverance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Bishwokarma
- Department of Public Health, CiST College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Diwash Shrestha
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Asian College of Higher Studies, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kshitiz Bhujel
- Neuro Surgery Department, Annapurna Neurological Institute & Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Natasha Chand
- Integrated Health Information Management Section, Department of Health Services Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department of Public Health, CiST College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Maheshor Kaphle
- Department of Public Health, CiST College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ayurma Wagle
- Department of Public Health, CiST College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Isha Karmacharya
- Department of Public Health, CiST College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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13
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Paramita ADP, Adnyana IGANS, Subanada IB, Suwarba IGNM, Gunawijaya E, Wati DK. Association of Hair Zinc Level with Cognitive and Language Delays in Children Aged 9–24 Months Old. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The delay in cognitive and language development can be caused by multifactor, including chronic deficiency of micronutrient, zinc. Level of zinc serum is influenced by food intake which can cause bias. There are inconsistencies in previous studies between zinc levels and the development caused by differences of sample or subjects. This study using hair as sample in analyzing the association between zinc level on cognitive and language delays in children aged 9-24 months old.
AIM: To find out that low hair zinc level is associated with delayed of cognitive and language development in children 9-24 months old.
Method: This analytical observational study with case-control design. Case group consisted of 69 children with cognitive and language development delays, based on CAT/CLAMS scores < 85 subjects aged 9-24 months meanwhile the control group consist of 69 children with normal cognitive and language development. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between zinc levels and the incidence of cognitive and language delays. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression.
Results: Univariate analysis showed no association between low zinc level and delayed of cognitive and language development in children aged 9-24 months (OR 1.263; 95% CI 0.64-2.46; p=0.495). Logistic regression was performed for other variables and screen time > 2 hours and lack of stimulation were risk factors for cognitive and language development delays (adjusted OR 2.78; 95% CI 1,284-6.058; p=0.010 and adjusted OR 3.96; 95% CI 1.833-8.581; p<0.001).
Conclusion: There is no relationship between low hair zinc level and delays in cognitive and language development in children age 9-24 months, but there is an association between screen time more than two hours per day and lack of stimulation with delays in cognitive and language development in children 9-24 months 24 months.
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14
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Wang K, Qi Y, Wei Q, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Shi H. Responsive Caregiving and Opportunities for Early Learning Associated With Infant Development: Results From a Prospective Birth Cohort in China. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:857107. [PMID: 35813393 PMCID: PMC9260074 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.857107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant development shapes children's health into adulthood. Although providing responsive caregiving and opportunities regarding early learning for infants have received increasing attention from the international community, few studies have been published on these topics thus far. The purpose of the present study, then, was to explore the influences of responsive caregiving and the opportunities for early learning on infant development. METHODS Mother-child dyads (3,714 pairs) were recruited from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort (Shanghai MCPC) for the present study, and the development of infants, responsive caregiving and opportunities for early learning were collected from three waves of follow-up (2-, 6-, and 12-month old) We used the cross-lagged model to analyze the longitudinal correlation between responsive caregiving or opportunities for early learning and development of infants. We used the generalized estimation equation (GEE) to evaluate the effect of responsive caregiving and opportunities for early learning on suspected developmental delay; we also conducted a hierarchical analysis to investigate the interaction between responsive caregiving or opportunities for early learning and annual family income. RESULTS There was a mutual prediction between responsive caregiving or opportunities for early learning and some developmental domains of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition (ASQ-3). Sustained high-exposure to responsive caregiving or opportunities for early learning significantly decreased the risk of suspected developmental delay in most domains of the ASQ-3. And For infants whose annual family income was < ¥200,000, sustained high-exposure (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.456, 95% CI, 0.325-0.638) and fluctuating-exposure (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.510, 95% CI, 0.414-0.627) to responsive caregiving significantly reduced the risk for suspected developmental delay. CONCLUSION Responsive caregiving or opportunities for early learning interacted with infant development. Infants' early access to adequate responsive caregiving and opportunities for early learning exerted a sustained and positive impact on infant development, and this effect is more pronounced in relative low-income families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Oumer A, Fikre Z, Girum T, Bedewi J, Nuriye K, Assefa K. Stunting and Underweight, but not Wasting are Associated with Delay in Child Development in Southwest Ethiopia. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2022; 13:1-12. [PMID: 35046749 PMCID: PMC8761030 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s344715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Oumer
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Abdu Oumer Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, EthiopiaTel +251 966365785 Email
| | - Zinash Fikre
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Girum
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Bedewi
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Keyredin Nuriye
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Kenzudin Assefa
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Wang L, Li H, Dill SE, Zhang S, Rozelle S. Does paternal involvement matter for early childhood development in rural China? APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.1990061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Li
- Shaanxi Normal University
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Saleem J, Zakar R, Mushtaq F, Bukhari GMJ, Fischer F. Comparative analysis of developmental profile between normal and severe acute malnourished under-five children in Pakistan: a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048644. [PMID: 34389574 PMCID: PMC8365806 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the developmental profile of severe acute malnourished (SAM) and normal under-five children and to find sociodemographic determinants accountable for their developmental disabilities. SETTING We conducted a multi-centre cross-sectional study in three basic health units and one rural health centre in Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS 200 children (SAM and healthy) aged 6-59 months. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEASURES We screened for nutritional status and clinical complications. Children underwent for developmental assessment by Denver Development Screening Tool II. A pretested structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and nutrition was used for collecting data about determinants of developmental delay. RESULTS We observed statistically significant differences in anthropometric measurements among SAM compared with normal nourished in weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference and weight-for-height z-scores. SAM serves as a significant risk factors (p<0.001) for delayed personal or social development (69% vs 11%; OR (95% CI)=18.01 (8.45 to 38.37)), delayed fine motor development (39% vs 8%; OR (95% CI)=7.35 (3.22 to 16.81)), delayed language development (32% vs 8%; OR (95% CI)=5.41 (2.35 to 12.48)), delayed gross motor development (34% vs 10%; OR (95% CI)=4.64 (2.14 to 10.05)) and delayed global development (66% vs 20%; OR (95% CI)=7.77 (4.09 to 14.74)). Applying logistic regression, personal or social development (p<0.001) and language development (p<0.05), under-five siblings was a risk factor, while among gross motor development, mother's educational status (p<0.05) was a significant risk factor for developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicates that children with malnutrition have a high frequency of developmental delays. Missing maternal education and a higher number of under-five siblings are also potential risk factors for developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Saleem
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, Weingarten, Germany
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Emmers D, Jiang Q, Xue H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu B, Dill SE, Qian Y, Warrinnier N, Johnstone H, Cai J, Wang X, Wang L, Luo R, Li G, Xu J, Liu M, Huang Y, Shan W, Li Z, Zhang Y, Sylvia S, Ma Y, Medina A, Rozelle S. Early childhood development and parental training interventions in rural China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e005578. [PMID: 34417271 PMCID: PMC8381307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inadequate care during early childhood can lead to long-term deficits in skills. Parenting programmes that encourage investment in young children are a promising tool for improving early development outcomes and long-term opportunities in low-income and middle-income regions, such as rural China. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of early developmental delays and stimulating parenting practices as well as the effect of parental training programmes on child development outcomes in rural China. We obtained data in English from EconPapers, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus (Elsevier) and in Chinese from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and VIP Information. We conducted frequentist meta-analyses of aggregate data and estimated random-effects meta-regressions. Certainty of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS We identified 19 observational studies on the prevalence of developmental delays and stimulating parenting practices for children under 5 years of age (n=19 762) and ten studies on the impact of parental training programmes on early child development (n=13 766). Children's risk of cognitive, language and social-emotional delays in the rural study sites (covering 14 provinces mostly in Central and Western China) was 45%, 46%, and 36%, respectively. Parental training programmes had a positive impact on child cognition, language and social-emotional development. CONCLUSION There is evidence to suggest that early developmental delay and the absence of stimulating parenting practices (ie, reading, storytelling and singing with children) may be prevalent across rural, low-income and middle-income regions in Central and Western China. Results support the effectiveness of parental training programmes to improve early development by encouraging parental engagement. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020218852).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Emmers
- LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qi Jiang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hao Xue
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Center for Women and Children Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bin Liu
- Xinhe Foundation, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah-Eve Dill
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yiwei Qian
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nele Warrinnier
- LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Johnstone
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jianhua Cai
- Administrators of Training Center of the National Health Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renfu Luo
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Li
- International Center for Action Research on Education, Henan University School of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- International Center for Action Research on Education, Henan University School of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Save the Children International China Program, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Huang
- Save the Children International China Program, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Shan
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hupan Modou Foundation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alexis Medina
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies & Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Saleem J, Zakar R, Bukhari GMJ, Fatima A, Fischer F. Developmental delay and its predictors among children under five years of age with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition: a cross-sectional study in rural Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1397. [PMID: 34266406 PMCID: PMC8281691 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In developing countries, malnutrition in children and developmental delays are two major challenges for public health. To achieve the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals from the broader perspective of child health, early identification of developmental delays and timely intervention are crucial. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of suspected developmental delay and their predictors in children under the age of 5 years with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in rural areas of Pakistan. Methods A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition. We screened children aged 6–59 months for their nutritional status and clinical complications. Children fulfilling the inclusion criteria underwent the Denver Development Screening Tool II (DDST-II). The children’s global developmental profile was calculated according to the established protocols of DDST-II, which are based on four important domains of development: personal and social behaviour, language, gross motor adaptive skills and fine motor adaptive skills. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and nutritional factors for assessing predictors of developmental delay, which were analysed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Out of 177 children with severe acute malnutrition, 69 (38.9%) had normal global development and 108 (61.1%) had delayed global development. Significant associations were found between global developmental delay and younger children (6–24 months vs. 25–59 months; AOR = 4.53, 95% CI: 1.56–13.10, p < 0.01), children who were not exclusively breastfed (AOR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.24–7.56, p = 0.01), and a history of contact with a tuberculosis smear-positive adult (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.30–5.49, p < 0.01). Conclusion About two thirds of the study participants showed delayed or unstable global development. Thus, according to DDST-II-established protocols, there is a high prevalence of suspected developmental delay among children under the age of five years with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in rural areas of Pakistan. Children in their first 2 years of life were at particularly high risk due to insufficient breastfeeding. This emphasizes the need to provide adequate infrastructure and information to parents for the prevention of developmental delay in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Saleem
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Aneela Fatima
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany.
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20
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Shi H, Wang Y, Li M, Tan C, Zhao C, Huang X, Dou Y, Duan X, Du Y, Wu T, Wang X, Zhang J. Impact of parent-child separation on children's social-emotional development: a cross-sectional study of left-behind children in poor rural areas of China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:823. [PMID: 33926397 PMCID: PMC8082618 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child separation is a considerable adversity for left-behind children (LBC), but there is little evidence on the association between detailed characteristics of parent-child separation and social-emotional development among LBC. This study examined the characteristics of parent-child separation and its impacts on developmental delay among under-3 LBC in poor rural China. METHODS We used data from 811 LBC surveyed in five poor counties in rural China in 2018. Detailed characteristics of their parental migration were recalled by their primary caregivers in face-to-face interviews. The children's social-emotional development was measured by using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association of detailed characteristics of parent-child separation with early social-emotional problems after adjusting for the children's and primary caregivers' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS 287 (35.4%) children were left behind by fathers and cared for by mothers (FM-MC), while 524 (64.6%) were left behind by both parents and cared for by grandparents (PM-GC). The rate of social-emotional problems among LBC was 36.8% (PM-GC vs FM-MC: 40.6% vs 29.5%; aOR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.16). For paternal migration, the medians of the child's age at the first migration and average duration per migration were 3 months (IQR: 1 to 9 months) and 4.48 months (IQR: 2.38 to 7.54 months), respectively. For maternal migration, the corresponding values were 9 months (IQR: 6 to 13 months) and 4.65 months (IQR: 2.71 to 7.62 months), respectively. On average, LBC had been separated from fathers for 72% of their life due to paternal migration and from mothers for 52% of their life due to maternal migration. No significant association was found between the detailed characteristics of paternal migration and social-emotional development among LBC, while social-emotional problems among LBC were significantly associated with the proportion of cumulative duration of maternal migration in the child's lifetime (aOR 2.83; 95% CI: 1.13 to 7.10). CONCLUSIONS LBC under 3 years had a high risk of social-emotional problems in poor rural China. Cumulative exposure to maternal migration may be detrimental to LBC's early social-emotional development. Programs are necessary to support these children as well as their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Shi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengshi Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chang Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Section of Health, Nutrition, and Water, Environment and Sanitation, UNICEF China, 12 Sanlitun Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoqian Duan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tianchen Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingxu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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21
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Liu X, Yang C, Yang Y, Huang X, Wang Y, Gao Y, Song Q, Wang Y, Zhou H. Maternal depressive symptoms and early childhood development: the role of mother-child interactions among mother-child dyads in rural areas of Central and Western China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11060. [PMID: 33850652 PMCID: PMC8018251 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The associations among maternal depressive symptoms (MDS), mother–child interactions and early child development are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role of mother–child interactions on the associations between MDS and child development. Methods A cross-sectional study with a multistage sampling method was conducted in rural areas of Central and Western China. MDS, child development outcomes (communication, gross motor function, fine motor function, problem solving and personal social skills) and mother–child interactions were assessed by The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, respectively. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results A total of 2,548 participants (mothers: 1,274; children: 1,274) were included in our analyses. MDS was negatively associated with child development outcomes and mother–child interactions partly mediated these associations. The proportion of the mediating effect of mother–child interactions was 7.7% for communication, 8.2% for gross motor, 10.3% for fine motor, 10.1% for problem-solving and 9.5% for personal social domains. In addition, the interaction effects of MDS and mother–child interactions on the communication domain were significant (β = 0.070, 95% CI 0.016, 0.124; p = 0.011). The associations between MDS and child communication abilities were weaker at the high level (simple slope = −0.019, t = − 0.458, p = 0.647) of mother–child interactions than at the mean level (simple slope = −0.089, t = − 3.190, p = 0.002) and the low level (simple slope = −0.158, t = − 4.231, p < 0.001). Similar moderating effects were not observed in the other child development outcomes. Conclusion Our results suggest the important role of mother–child interactions on the associations between MDS and early childhood development. Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, these associations require further investigation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuning Yang
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Gao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiying Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Wu T, Niu J, Yin X, Zhao C, Huang X, Wang X. China's antenatal care promoting early childhood development: evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1493:90-101. [PMID: 33455003 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese government has established a three-tier maternal care system covering the entire country and providing integrated antenatal care (ANC) for pregnancies. This study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of ANC services on early childhood development. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted for mothers' ANC visits and assessments of early childhood development in Shanxi and Guizhou provinces, China. A total of 1660 mother-child dyads were included in current analyses: 29.2% of mothers did not receive any ANC (ANC1), 23.3% of mothers received ANC three or fewer times (ANC2), and 47.5% of mothers received ANC four or more times (ANC3). Children whose mothers received ANC services had a significantly lower risk of overall developmental delay (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.81 for ANC2; and OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.34-0.59 for ANC3) and social-emotional developmental delay (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.94 for ANC3). Furthermore, a significant pathway relationship mediated by maternal depression and nurturing care was found between ANC and developmental delay. This study showed ANC services significantly reduced the risk of developmental delay in offspring. We also suggest that a nationwide ANC system can be a good delivery platform for scaled-up early childhood development interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieqiong Niu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Section of Health, Nutrition, and Water, Environment and Sanitation, The United Nations Children's Fund in China Office, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Section of Health, Nutrition, and Water, Environment and Sanitation, The United Nations Children's Fund in China Office, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
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The Effect of Parenting Quality on Child Development at 36-48 Months in China's Urban Area: Evidence from a Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238962. [PMID: 33276498 PMCID: PMC7731234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures, especially parenting quality, are critical for later child development. This study aimed to determine the status of parenting quality and suspected development delay of preschool children in China's urban area and explore the associations between these two factors. The research was based on a birth cohort study conducted in Changsha, Hunan province, China. We used the Parenting Assessment Tool and Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3), to measure parenting quality and child development status, respectively. Other data were collected from maternal health manuals and self-administered questionnaires during the follow-up period. The generalized estimating equation was used to examine whether parenting quality was significantly associated with child development outcomes. In the study, good parenting quality was 33.6% measured at 18 months, and suspected development delay was below 10% at 36-48 months among urban China; we observed negative associations between parenting quality scores and child development scores; poor parenting quality had a negative association with suspected development delay [OR and 95% CI: 2.74 (1.17, 6.40)], girls [OR and 95% CI: 0.33 (0.16, 0.69)] and maternal education years (>12 years) [OR and 95% CI: 0.27 (0.12, 0.64)] were protective factors for suspected development delay. Our findings highlighted the importance of good parenting quality among children in urban areas of China through a birth cohort study and may be used to reduce the children at high risk of developmental delay as a future intervention program.
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Reliability, Consistency and Temporal Stability of Alberta Infant Motor Scale in Serbian Infants. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7030016. [PMID: 32131387 PMCID: PMC7140807 DOI: 10.3390/children7030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to analyze the reliability, consistency, and temporal stability of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) in Serbian infants. Additionally, we aimed to present a percentile distribution of AIMS in the tested population. The prospective study included 60 infants that were divided into three age groups: 0-3 months, 4-7 months, and 8-14 months. The Serbian version of AIMS was tested by two raters on two different occasions (test/retest) with a five day period between tests. The observed inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) was more than 0.75 for all AIMS scores, except for standing (ICC 0.655 = moderate) in the age group of 4-7 months on retest between raters. The observed intra-rater reliability (ICC) was more than 0.75 for all AIMS scores except standing (ICC 0.655 = moderate) in the age group 4-7 months in test-retest for Rater One, and for sitting (ICC 0.671 = moderate) and standing (ICC 0.725 = moderate) in the age group between 0-3 months on test-retest for Rater Two. The Serbian version of AIMS was shown to have high consistency and high reliability with good to high temporal stability. Thus, it can be used in the evaluation of infants' motor development in Serbia.
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25
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Early detection development of children age 0–2 years based on application sisfor_bidanku. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang C, Liu X, Yang Y, Huang X, Song Q, Wang Y, Zhou H. Quality of care and suspected developmental delay among children aged 1-59 months: a cross-sectional study in 8 counties of rural China. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 30704443 PMCID: PMC6354395 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The data about quality of care of more than 70 countries were available from UNICEF but little was known about China. We examined the status about quality of care and explored its associations with developmental outcomes in Chinese children. METHODS A cross-sectional study with probability proportional to size sampling method was conducted in 8 counties of rural China. A total 1927 children were assessed on development status using Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Chinese (ASQ-C) based on Chinese normative data. Nutritional status was derived from the anthropometric method following WHO guidelines. Caregivers were interviewed through household questionnaires from UNICEF's 5th Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to understand the quality of care, including the status of availability of children's books, availability of playthings, support for learning, fathers' support for learning and inadequate care. Moreover, quality of care was explored to be categorized into three levels (poor, medium and good) for overall assessment. Multivariable logistic regression model was applied to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals between quality of care and suspected developmental delay (SDD) after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS The proportions of availability of children's books, playthings, support for learning, fathers' support for learning and inadequate care were 36.8, 91.3, 83.1, 16.4 and 4.9%, respectively. When compared to available data of more than 70 countries and areas, the quality of care in rural China was in the middle to upper level. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, multivariable analysis showed that SDD in overall ASQ remained negatively associated with availability of children's books (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64 [1.27-2.12]), playthings (OR and 95% CI: 2.23 [1.52-3.27]) and support for learning (OR and 95% CI: 1.81 [1.06-3.10]). When compared with children under good quality of care, children under medium and poor quality of care had higher prevalence of SDD in overall ASQ (OR and 95% CI: 1.59 [1.21-2.07]; 3.05 [1.96-4.74]). CONCLUSIONS Quality of care in rural China still had scope for improvement. Better quality of care had negative associations with SDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuning Yang
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, No. 12 Sanlitun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, No. 12 Sanlitun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Qiying Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Selected Risk Factors of Developmental Delay in Polish Infants: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122715. [PMID: 30513831 PMCID: PMC6313560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite a number of studies on the risk factors of developmental delay (DD) in children conducted in developed countries, Polish data are scarce, which hinder an early diagnosis and initiation of prevention/control measures. Objective: To assess selected risk factors of DD in infants. A case-control survey was conducted in 2017–2018 on 50 infants (≤1 year old) with DD and 104 healthy controls from three outpatient clinics in Szczecin, Poland. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire distributed among mothers. The most common risk factors in infants with DD were: Caesarian section (68%), infections (46%), and chronic diseases during pregnancy (48%). DD was significantly correlated with maternal infections and chronic diseases during pregnancy (both: p < 0.001), caesarian section (p < 0.001), preterm birth (p = 0.004), birth weight <2500 g (p = 0.03), Apgar score ≤7 (p < 0.01), prolonged hyperbilirubinemia (p < 0.001), and no breast-feeding (p = 0.04). This study reinforces multiple etiologies of DD. Preventive strategies regarding DD in Polish infants should focus on the pre/peri/postnatal risk factors identified in this study. Strategies that prevent and control such risk factors and those on early detection and intervention in high-risk infants are highly recommended.
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