Association of ABO blood groups with allergic diseases: a scoping review

Risk factors of allergic rhinitis and its prevention strategies

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global disease with high prevalence. It reduces the patient's quality of life seriously. The health care and management of AR was also a heavy social burden. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only curative treatment for AR that may alter the natural course of this disease. However, acceptance and compliance of SIT in AR patients are still not high and many patients are not effectively controlled. Disease prevention based on known risk factors is much more cost-effective compared to post-diagnosis treatment. There have been some reports on the risk factors of AR up to now, but the information is fragmented. This review systemically clarified the risk factors of AR including hereditary factors and family history, maternal situation & mode of delivery and feeding, personal characteristics, nutrition and food intake, personal behavior and habits, acquired environmental and chemical exposure, diseases and health status. The preventive strategies were also proposed briefly. This review was hopeful to improve people's awareness of the risk factors of AR and put forward AR prevention.

The ABO blood group antigens in patients with oral lichenoid reaction

Evaluating the association of ABO blood group with different delayed hypersensitivity reactions, such as oral lichenoid reaction (OLR), can provide a new perspective for clinical practice. Therefore, this study designed to investigate ABO blood group antigens in OLR patients. In this case-control study, the ABO blood group of 112 OLR patients and 117 individuals without oral lesions were included. Gender, age, characteristics of the lesions, medications and restorative materials recorded. Chi-square test used to compare the frequency of ABO blood groups in OLR patients with controls. The O blood group was significantly higher in OLR patients and all its subtypes. Also, there were significant relation between O blood group, and severity of lesions. The frequency of dysplasia was non-statistically significant higher in OLR patients with O blood group than other blood group. Based on the results of the present study, O blood group was significantly more in patients with lichenoid reaction than control group, and AB blood group was the lowest. Also, O blood group showed a positive association with the more severe form of OLR lesions and frequency of dysplasia.

Correlation between ABO Blood Grouping & Allergic Rhinosinusitis with and without Polyposis & Role of TNF-α Polymorphism in Allergic Rhinosinusitis

The objective of this study was to find distribution of ABO blood group in patients of allergic rhinosinusitis and also to map evidence of the association of TNF-α in different blood groups of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis with or without nasal polyp. Prospective Observational study. Patients with allergic nasal symptoms aged between 18 and 70 years attending outpatient department were assessed and eligible patients who gave consent for the study were included. Patients of allergic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp had higher serum Ig E count as compared to patients without nasal polyp. 97 patients of allergic rhinosinusitis were Rh positive. Allergic rhinosinusitis was most common in blood group O + ve and B + ve. Allergic rhinosinusitis with polyp was most common in B + ve and without polyp was in O + ve. The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotypes of TNF-α (-308) G/A were 40%, 58%, 2%. The frequency TNF-α (-308) GA was maximum in patients of allergic rhinosinusitis with polyp. In patients of allergic rhinosinusitis without polyp TNF-α (-308) GA and GG had equal distribution of patients (48.6%). The frequency of single allele G in both groups was high as compared to allele A. Association of blood group with allergic rhinitis and TNF-α might help clinicians in better understanding and management of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis in future.

An Observational Study to Analyse the Association of the ABO and Rh Blood Group Systems With Bronchial Asthma

Background ABO blood group types are hereditary factors that have been shown to affect the blood levels of many antigens and proteins. Some blood groups have surprisingly been shown to be associated with some specific diseases, probably due to yet unexplained altering effects on the immune system or on the levels of other system-specific proteins. Studies conducted previously attempting to relate bronchial asthma and blood groups have had variable results and such studies on a large scale have not been ventured in India. Hence, the significance of the current study, which aims to search for an increased occurrence of bronchial asthma in any one of the ABO blood group phenotypes and additionally in Rh blood groups. Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the possible association of the ABO and Rh blood group types with bronchial asthma.  Methods This is an observational study with 475 bronchial asthma patients, and 2052 non-asthmatic individuals belonging to the same geographical zone. After obtaining informed consent, ABO and Rh Blood group testing was done on the study subjects using the hemagglutination method. Chi-squared tests were employed for the comparison of proportions. Statistical significance was agreed upon for an error of 5%. Results The O blood group was predominant in both cases (46.9 %) and controls (36.1%). A chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant higher percentage of O blood group in patients (χ2: 24.537; degrees of freedom (DF): 3; p-value = <0.01). The cases had more Rh -ve individuals (12%) than controls (8%), which too was statistically significant (χ2: 6.711; degrees of freedom (DF): 1; p-value = 0.01). Conclusion The present study shows a positive association between the O blood group and the Rh-negative blood group with bronchial asthma.

Causal Association and Shared Genetics Between Asthma and COVID-19

Objectives

Recent studies suggest that asthma may have a protective effect on COVID-19.We aimed to investigate the causality between asthma and two COVID-19 outcomes and explore the mechanisms underlining this connection.

Methods

Summary results of GWAS were used for the analyses, including asthma (88,486 cases and 447,859 controls), COVID-19 hospitalization (6,406 hospitalized COVID-19 cases and 902,088 controls), and COVID-19 infection (14,134 COVID-19 cases and 1,284,876 controls). The Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate the causal effects of asthma on the two COVID-19 outcomes. A cross-trait meta-analysis was conducted to analyze genetic variants within two loci shared by COVID-19 hospitalization and asthma.

Results

Asthma is associated with decreased risk both for COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio (OR): 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.99) and for COVID-19 infection (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.51-0.95). Asthma and COVID-19 share two genome-wide significant genes, including ABO at the 9q34.2 region and OAS2 at the 12q24.13 region. The meta-analysis revealed that ABO and ATXN2 contain variants with pleiotropic effects on both COVID-19 and asthma.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our results suggest that genetic liability to asthma is associated with decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and to severe COVID-19 disease, which may be due to the protective effects of ongoing inflammation and, possibly, related compensatory responses against COVID-19 in its early stage.

Characterization of the human ABO genotypes and their association to common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the UK Biobank

The ABO gene contains three major alleles that encodes different antigens; A, B, and O, which determine an individual's blood group. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying associations between ABO blood groups and diseases risk. Here, we sought to test for association between ABO genotypes (OO, OA, AA; OB, BB, and AB) and a large set of common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in UK Biobank as well as disease-related protein biomarkers in NSPHS. We first tested for association by conducting a likelihood ratio test, testing whether ABO contributed significantly to the risk for 24 diseases, and 438 plasma proteins. For phenotypes with FDR < 0.05, we tested for pair-wise differences between genetically determined ABO genotypes using logistic or linear regression. Our study confirmed previous findings of a strong association between ABO and cardiovascular disease, identified associations for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and provide additional evidence of significant differences between heterozygous and homozygous allele carriers for pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, but also for von Willebrand factor levels. Furthermore, the results indicated an additive effect between genotypes, even between the two most common A subgroups, A1 and A2. Additionally, we found that ABO contributed significantly to 39 plasma proteins, of which 23 have never been linked to the ABO locus before. These results show the need of incorporating ABO genotype information in the consultation and management of patients at risk, rather than classifying patients into blood groups.

Investigation of Serum Total IgE and Eosinophil Levels in Different Allergic Diseases Together with the Study of Their Correlations with Various Possible Allergens in Mosul City

Serum total IgE (tIgE) is frequently used in the diagnosis of allergic diseases in Mosul city and Iraq. However, neither normal nor elevated levels can exclude or confirm the diagnosis of these diseases. Here, we tried to evaluate the validity of tIgE in the diagnosis of allergic asthma(AS), allergic rhinitis(AR) and atopic dermatitis(AD) in a sample of Mosul population, to set up an optimum cut-off value for diagnosis of these diseases and to study its correlation with different parameters that might affect its level. 38 patients with AS, 27 with AR, 46 with AD and 45 healthy controls were included in this study. tIgE were determined by ELISA and compared between allergic diseases and controls. Blood eosinophilia was ascertained and correlated with tIgE levels. The geometric means of tIgE were 316.87 IU/ml (95% CI: 234.69 to 427.82) in AS, 262.07 IU/ml (95% CI:174.24 to 394.18) in AR and 270.48 IU/ml (95% CI:202.57 to 361.16) in AD compared to 16.90 IU/ml (95% CI:12.32 to 23.18) in healthy controls. tIgE in allergic diseases was significantly increased in comparison to healthy controls (P <.0001). Female gender influenced tIgE in AS, but not in AR or AD. tIgE predominated in younger age groups; however, no significant difference was found between younger and older groups. Optimum values for tIgE with best discriminative accuracy were 77 IU/ml for AS and 81 IU/ml for AR and AD. Eosinophils count appeared to be a useful adjunct, and correlate well with tIgE in the diagnosis of allergic diseases.