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Miellet S, Byrne MK, Reynolds N, Sweetnam T. A confirmation of the predictive utility of the Antibiotic Use Questionnaire. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1925. [PMID: 39026260 PMCID: PMC11256407 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The change in the efficacy of antimicrobial agents due to their misuse is implicated in extensive health and mortality related concerns. The Antibiotics Use Questionnaire (AUQ) is a theory driven measure based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TpB) factors that is designed to investigate drivers of antibiotic use behaviour. The objective of this study is to replicate the factor structure from the pilot study within a similar Australian confirmation cohort, and to extend this through investigating if the factor structure holds in a Chinese-identifying cohort. METHODS The AUQ was disseminated to two cohorts: a confirmation cohort similar to the original study, and a Chinese identifying cohort. Data analysis was completed on the two data sets independently, and on a combined data set. An orthogonal principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to assess the factor structure, followed by general linear models to determine the influence of the TpB factors on reported antibiotic use. RESULTS 370 participant responses from the confirmation cohort, and 384 responses from the Chinese-identifying cohort were retained for analysis following review of the data. Results showed modest but acceptable levels of internal reliability across both cohorts. Social norms, and the interaction between attitudes and beliefs and knowledge were significant predictors of self-reported antibiotic use in both cohorts. In the confirmation cohort healthcare training was a significant predictor, and in the Chinese-identifying cohort education was a significant predictor. All other predictors tested produced a nonsignificant relationship with the outcome variable of self-reported antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully replicated the factor structure of the AUQ in a confirmation cohort, as well as a cohort that identified as culturally or legally Chinese, determining that the factor structure is retained when investigated across cultures. The research additionally highlights the need for a measure such as the AUQ, which can identify how differing social, cultural, and community factors can influence what predicts indiscriminate antibiotic use. Future research will be required to determine the full extent to which this tool can be used to guide bespoke community level interventions to assist in the management of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Miellet
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Wollongong Antimicrobial Resistance Research Alliance (WARRA), Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mitchell K Byrne
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Wollongong Antimicrobial Resistance Research Alliance (WARRA), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nina Reynolds
- Wollongong Antimicrobial Resistance Research Alliance (WARRA), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Business, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Taylor Sweetnam
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
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Gilham EL, Pearce-Smith N, Carter V, Ashiru-Oredope D. Assessment of global antimicrobial resistance campaigns conducted to improve public awareness and antimicrobial use behaviours: a rapid systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:396. [PMID: 38321479 PMCID: PMC10848528 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Public health campaigns with a well-defined outcome behaviour have been shown to successfully alter behaviour. However, the complex nature of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) creates challenges when evaluating campaigns aimed at raising awareness and changing behaviour. AIMS To determine what campaigns have been conducted and which reported being effective at improving awareness of antimicrobial resistance and changing behaviour around antimicrobial use in members of the public. It also sought to determine the outcome measures studies have used to assess campaign effectiveness. METHODS A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE and Embase, was conducted in October 2022 using a predefined search strategy. Studies which were published between 2010 and September 2022 that outlined a campaign or invention aimed at the public and focusing on AMR or antibiotic usage were eligible for inclusion and studies which solely targeted healthcare professionals (HCP) were excluded. RESULTS Literature searches retrieved 6961 results. De-duplication and screening removed 6925 articles, five articles from grey literature and reference screening were included, giving a total of 41 studies and 30 unique interventions. There was a distribution of campaigns globally with the majority run in Europe (n = 15) with most campaigns were conducted nationally (n = 14). Campaigns tended to focus on adult members of the public (n = 14) or targeted resources towards both the public and HCPs (n = 13) and predominately assessed changes in knowledge of and/or attitudes towards AMR (n = 16). Campaigns where an improvement was seen in their primary outcome measure tended to use mass media to disseminate information, targeted messaging towards a specific infection, and including the use of HCP-patient interactions. DISCUSSION This review provides some evidence that campaigns can significantly improve outcome measures relating to AMR and antibiotic usage. Despite a lack of homogeneity between studies some common themes emerged between campaigns reported as being effective. However, the frequent use of observational study designs makes it difficult to establish causation between the campaign and changes seen in the studies outcome measures. It is important that clear evaluation processes are embedded as part of the design process for future campaigns; a campaign evaluation framework for use by campaign developers may facilitate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L Gilham
- HCAI and AMR Division, Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | | | | | - Diane Ashiru-Oredope
- HCAI and AMR Division, Health Security Agency, London, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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3
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Ercolani MG, Aggarwal R, Barker A, Cooper D, Jamieson C. Impact of a community pharmacy led antibiotic amnesty in the Midlands region of England. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2023; 31:650-652. [PMID: 37619247 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial resistance is a recognised threat to human health and may be driven by the unsafe disposal of antibiotics via domestic waste streams, contaminating the environment. A community pharmacy based antibiotic amnesty could address this. METHODS We evaluated the impact of an antibiotic amnesty promoting the return of unused antibiotics to community pharmacies in the Midlands region of England during World Antibiotic Awareness Week in November 2021. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty nine pharmacies participated voluntarily and held amnesty conversations with 7399 people, 369 part used and 126 full packs of antibiotics were returned. CONCLUSIONS This is an important public health initiative that could be replicated more widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco G Ercolani
- Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rakhi Aggarwal
- NHS Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Board, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela Barker
- NHS Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Board, Birmingham, UK
| | - Donna Cooper
- NHS Black Country Integrated Care Board, West Bromwich, UK
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Gilham EL, Casale E, Hardy A, Ayeni AH, Sunyer E, Harris T, Feechan R, Heltmann A, Fawcett M, Hopkins S, Ashiru-Oredope D. Assessing the impact of a national social marketing campaign for antimicrobial resistance on public awareness, attitudes, and behaviour, and as a supportive tool for healthcare professionals, England, 2017 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300100. [PMID: 37997667 PMCID: PMC10668255 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.47.2300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrevious United Kingdom campaigns targeting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) recommended running multimedia campaigns over an increased timeframe. The 3-year-long Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW) campaign was a mass media campaign in England targeting the public and general practitioners (GPs).MethodsEvery year, pre- and post-campaign questionnaire data were collected from the public, whereas post-campaign interview data were obtained from GPs. Data were weighted to allow pre- and post-campaign comparisons between independent samples. Significant changes in nominal and ordinal data were determined using Pearson's chi-squared (X2) and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively.ResultsPrompted campaign recognition was high, increasing by 6% from 2018 to 2019 (2017: data unavailable; 2018: 68% (680/1,000); 2019: 74% (740/1,000); X2 = 8.742, p = 0.003). Knowledge regarding declining antibiotic effectiveness when taken inappropriately improved following the campaign (net true: pre-2017 = 69.1% (691/1,000); post-2019 = 77.6%; (776/1,000); X2 = 5.753, p = 0.016). The proportion of individuals reporting concern for themselves or for children (≤ 16 years) about AMR increased by 11.2% (Z = -5.091, p < 0.001) and 6.0% (Z = -3.616, p < 0.001) respectively, pre- to post-campaign. Finally, in 2017, reported confidence to say no to patients requesting antibiotics differed significantly between GPs who were and were not aware of the campaign (net agree: 98.9% (182/184) vs 92.4% (97/105) respectively; X2 = 4.000, p = 0.045).ConclusionA high level of prompted campaign recognition was achieved. The KAW campaign improved aspects of AMR knowledge and certain attitudes towards appropriate antimicrobial use. It increased awareness of and concern about AMR, supporting GP confidence to appropriately prescribe antibiotics. Future determination of measurable behaviour changes resulting from AMR campaigns is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L Gilham
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU and Sepsis Division, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ella Casale
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU and Sepsis Division, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Hardy
- Behavioural Programmes Unit, Office of Health Improvement and Disparity (OHID), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ella Sunyer
- Behavioural Programmes Unit, Office of Health Improvement and Disparity (OHID), London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Malcolm Fawcett
- Behavioural Programmes Unit, Office of Health Improvement and Disparity (OHID), London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Hopkins
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU and Sepsis Division, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Ashiru-Oredope
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU and Sepsis Division, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
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Chalkidou A, Lambert M, Cordoba G, Taxis K, Hansen MP, Bjerrum L. Misconceptions and Knowledge Gaps on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Four Healthcare Settings and Five European Countries-A Modified Delphi Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1435. [PMID: 37760731 PMCID: PMC10525245 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Misconceptions and knowledge gaps about antibiotics contribute to inappropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to identify and prioritize misconceptions and knowledge gaps about antibiotic use from a healthcare professionals' perspective. A modified Delphi study with a predefined list of statements, two questionnaire rounds, and an expert meeting was conducted. The statements were rated by healthcare professionals from France, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Spain, and from general practice, out-of-hour services, nursing homes, and pharmacies. A total of 44 pre-defined statements covered the following themes: (1) antimicrobial resistance in general, (2) use of antibiotics in general, (3) use of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections, and (4) use of antibiotics for urinary tract infections. Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement between the professionals during the second Delphi round. For 30% of the statements, professionals from the four settings together reached consensus. In each setting individually, at least 50% of the statements reached consensus, indicating that there are still many misconceptions and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Six educational tools (leaflets, posters, checklists) were developed to address the knowledge gaps and misconceptions. These can be used by patients and healthcare professionals to improve the use of antibiotics in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Chalkidou
- Section and Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Maarten Lambert
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (K.T.)
| | - Gloria Cordoba
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
| | - Katja Taxis
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (K.T.)
| | - Malene Plejdrup Hansen
- Center for General Practice, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Audit Project Odense, Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Bjerrum
- Section and Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Maarouf L, Amin M, Evans BA, Abouelfetouh A. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of Egyptians towards antibiotic use in the community: can we do better? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 37226221 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. This is concerning because of the increasing capacity of the pathogens to develop antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic overuse and misuse remain the main drivers of resistance development. In the USA and Europe, annual campaigns raise awareness of antibiotic misuse hazards and promote their judicial use. Similar efforts are lacking in Egypt. This study assessed the knowledge of the public in Alexandria, Egypt of antibiotic misuse risks and their habits towards antibiotic use, in addition to conducting a campaign to increase awareness of the safe use of antibiotics. METHODS A questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards antibiotics was used to collect responses from study participants at various sports clubs in Alexandria in 2019. An awareness campaign to correct misconceptions and a post awareness survey followed. RESULTS Most of the participants were well-educated (85%), in their middle age (51%) and took antibiotics last year (80%). 22% would take an antibiotic for common cold. This dropped to 7% following the awareness. There was a 1.6 time increase in participants who would start an antibiotic on a healthcare professional's advice following the campaign. A 1.3 time increase in participants who would finish an antibiotic regimen was also observed. The campaign made all participants recognize that unwise antibiotic use is harmful to them or others; and 1.5 more participants would spread the word about antibiotic resistance. Despite learning of the risks of antibiotic use, there was no change in how often participants thought they should take antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Although awareness of antibiotic resistance is rising, some wrong perceptions hold fast. This highlights the need for patient and healthcare-tailored awareness sessions as part of a structured and national public health program directed to the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Maarouf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Sq, Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mohamed Amin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein City, 51718, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Sq, Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein City, 51718, Egypt.
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7
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Allerton F, Jamieson C, Aggarwal R, Barker A, Work M, Cooper D, Ramsey I. An antibiotic amnesty can be a One Health tool to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Nat Med 2023; 29:1046-1047. [PMID: 37147502 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Allerton
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, UK.
| | | | - Rakhi Aggarwal
- NHS Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Board, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela Barker
- NHS Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Board, Birmingham, UK
| | - Megan Work
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, UK
| | - Donna Cooper
- NHS Black Country Integrated Care Board, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Ramsey
- University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital, Bearsden, UK
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8
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Simegn W, Moges G. Awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and factors associated with knowledge among adults in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279342. [PMID: 36584014 PMCID: PMC9803210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is an important global health challenge. The current study aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and factors associated with knowledge among adults in Dessie City, Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 adults in Dessie City from June to July 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select respondents, and Google Form was used to collect data online. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 26. The associated factors of knowledge of antimicrobial resistance were identified by using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Independent variables with a P-value <0.2 were selected as candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression. Those variables with a P-value <0.05 were declared statistically significant factors. RESULT Out of the required sample sizes, four hundred and seven participants were enrolled, giving a response rate of 99.3%. One hundred and fifty-two (37.3%) respondents were females. Nearly one-third of the respondents (28.3%) have taken antibiotics in the last 6 months. In this study, 73.7% of study participants were aware of the existence of germs; 58.2% were aware of the existence of antibiotic resistance to bacteria; 47.7% were aware of the existence of drug resistance; 39.8% were aware of the existence of antimicrobial resistance; and 36.6% were aware of the existence of antibiotic resistance. Sixty-four (15.7%) respondents were not aware of any of the above terms. Sixty (14.7%) of the respondents were not aware of any risk factor for antimicrobial resistance. About 63 (15.5%) of the respondents did not know the consequences of antimicrobial resistance. Two hundred and thirty-eight (58.5%) respondents had good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, being male (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.23,3.20), college and above educational level (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 1.08,11.39), grade 11-12 educational level (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 1.20,11.61), getting advice from health professionals about how to take antibiotics (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI:1.07,3.17), using health professionals as a source of information on antibiotics (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.48,4.25), and taking antibiotics without prescription (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.04,3.30) were significantly associated with good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSION The study identified low awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among adults. Being male, higher educational level, getting advice from health professionals about how to take antibiotics, using health professionals as a source of information on antibiotics, and taking antibiotics without a prescription were significantly associated with good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. Educational campaigns would be highly desirable for the public to improve their awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Getachew Moges
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Allerton F, Work M, Boag A, Davies E, Howard D, Jamieson C, Morley M, Paterson S, Ramsey I, Speakman A, Stapleton L, West E. Participation in the 2022 antibiotic amnesty. Vet Rec 2022; 191:388. [DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Work
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service Highlands Road Shirley Solihull B90 4NH
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10
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Ashiru-Oredope D, Casale E, Harvey E, Umoh E, Vasandani S, Reilly J, Hopkins S. Knowledge and Attitudes about Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance of 2404 UK Healthcare Workers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081133. [PMID: 36010002 PMCID: PMC9404832 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Using the COM-B model as a framework, an EU-wide survey aimed to ascertain multidisciplinary healthcare workers’ (HCWs’) knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards antibiotics, antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. The UK findings are presented here. Methods: A 43-item questionnaire was developed through a two-round modified Delphi consensus process. The UK target quota was 1315 respondents. Results: In total, 2404 participants responded. The highest proportion were nursing and midwifery professionals (42%), pharmacists (23%) and medical doctors (18%). HCWs correctly answered that antibiotics are not effective against viruses (97%), they have associated side effects (97%), unnecessary use makes antibiotics ineffective (97%) and healthy people can carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria (90%). However, fewer than 80% correctly answered that using antibiotics increases a patient’s risk of antimicrobial resistant infection or that resistant bacteria can spread from person to person. Whilst the majority of HCWs (81%) agreed there is a connection between their antibiotic prescribing behaviour and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, only 64% felt that they have a key role in controlling antibiotic resistance. The top three barriers to providing advice or resources were lack of resources (19%), insufficient time (11%) and the patient being uninterested in the information (7%). Approximately 35% of UK respondents who were prescribers prescribed an antibiotic at least once in the previous week to responding to the survey due to a fear of patient deterioration or complications. Conclusion: These findings highlight that a multifaceted approach to tackling the barriers to prudent antibiotic use in the UK is required and provides evidence for guiding targeted policy, intervention development and future research. Education and training should focus on patient communication, information on spreading resistant bacteria and increased risk for individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Ashiru-Oredope
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ella Casale
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Eleanor Harvey
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Eno Umoh
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Sagar Vasandani
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Jacqui Reilly
- NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, UK
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK
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11
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Black M, Kothari A, Chawla G, Pelecanos A, Zahumensky A, McDermott L, O'Connor H, Kalma B, Eley V. Attitudes and awareness of Australian women regarding peripartum antibiotic use: A multicentre survey. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 63:171-177. [PMID: 35856134 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripartum antibiotics are commonly administered. Little is known of the attitudes of pregnant women toward peripartum antibiotics. AIM We aimed to assess the awareness of and attitudes toward peripartum antibiotic use in Australian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We surveyed post-partum women at three hospitals over six months. Women reported if they received antibiotics 48 h either side of delivery and responded to statements assessing attitudes to peripartum antibiotic use. Administered antibiotics were recorded. We reported the proportion receiving antibiotics and the proportion aware of receiving them. Participants responded on five-point Likert scales and selected side effects of concern. RESULTS Participants responding were 248 of 299 (83%, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital), 56 of 106 (53%, Caboolture Hospital) and 17 (Redcliffe Hospital, denominator not recorded). Of 183 (57%) receiving antibiotics, 134 (73%) received them pre-delivery only, 18 (10%) post-delivery only and 31 (17%) pre- and post-delivery. Pre-delivery, the most common indication was pre-incisional prophylaxis for caesarean delivery (93 of 160 responses, 58%). Seventy-nine (51%, 156 responses) of those receiving pre-delivery antibiotics were aware. Of 49 women receiving post-delivery antibiotics, 36 (73%) were aware. Most agreed they were worried that pre-delivery antibiotics would affect their baby (198, 62%) and 160 (50%) were concerned about effects on their own microbiome. Most (204, 65%) agreed they would rather not take antibiotics while breastfeeding. CONCLUSION Many women were unaware of receiving pre-delivery antibiotics. Most had concerns about side effects. Improved communication regarding peripartum antibiotic use would improve patient-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Black
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alka Kothari
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Redcliffe Hospital, Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gunjan Chawla
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Caboolture Hospital, Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anita Pelecanos
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Zahumensky
- Department of Anaesthesia, Caboolture Hospital, Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura McDermott
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah O'Connor
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kalma
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victoria Eley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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McNulty C, Read B, Quigley A, Verlander NQ, Lecky DM. What the public in England know about antibiotic use and resistance in 2020: a face-to-face questionnaire survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055464. [PMID: 35387816 PMCID: PMC8987214 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe public attitudes and knowledge around antibiotic activity, resistance and use. DESIGN Face-to-face household 18 question survey using computer-assisted data collection undertaken by Ipsos Market and Opinion Research International. SETTING Randomly selected households across England, January-February 2020. PARTICIPANTS 2022 adults (aged 15+,) including 521 black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) participants, and 406 aged 15-25 years olds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Responses to questions about antibiotic activity, resistance and expectations for antibiotics and trust in healthcare professionals. Analyses were weighted to obtain estimates representative of the population with multivariable analysis undertaken for questions with five or more significant univariate variables. RESULTS 84% stated they would be pleased if their general practitioner (GP) said they did not need antibiotics. Trust in GPs to make antibiotic decisions remains high (89%) and has increased for nurses (76%) and pharmacists (71%). Only 21% would challenge an antibiotic decision; this was significantly greater in BAME participants (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.89 to 3.35). 70% reported receiving advice when prescribed antibiotics. Belief in benefits of antibiotics for ear infections was very high (68%). Similar to 2017, 81% agreed that antibiotics work for bacterial, 28% cold and influenza viruses. 84% agreed antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are increasing, only 50% agreed healthy people can carry ARB and 39% agreed there was nothing they personally could do about ARB. Social grade DE and BAME participants, and those with less education had significantly less understanding about antibiotics and resistance. CONCLUSIONS As trust in healthcare practitioners is high, we need to continue antibiotic education and other interventions at GP surgeries and community pharmacies but highlight that most ear infections are not benefitted by antibiotics. Targeted interventions are needed for socioeconomic DE, BAME groups and previous antibiotic users. We need to explore if increasing perceived personal responsibility for preventing ARB reduces antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodna McNulty
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester, UK
| | - Brieze Read
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester, UK
| | - Anna Quigley
- Social Research Institute, Ipsos MORI UK Ltd, London, UK
| | - Neville Q Verlander
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Donna M Lecky
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester, UK
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Simegn W, Moges G. Antibiotics Self-Medication Practice and Associated Factors Among Residents in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2159-2170. [PMID: 35999841 PMCID: PMC9393019 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s370925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking antibiotics without prescription would result in the emergency of antibiotics resistance. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotics self-medication practice and associated factors among residents in Dessie City, Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional was employed from June to July 2021. A total of 407 participants have been selected from each Kebele by stratified and systematic random sampling techniques. The collected data were checked, translated and exported into SPSS version 26. Results were organized using frequency and percentage tables. Bi-variate and multi-variable logistic regressions were used to test the association of independent variables with antibiotics self-medication practice. RESULTS Four hundred and seven participants enrolled with a response of 96.7%. One hundred and fifty-two (37.3%) were females, and 115 (28.3%) respondents have taken antibiotics in the last 6 months. The prevalence of antibiotics self-medication practice was 55.3% (95% CI: 50.6-60.2). Amoxicillin (45%), Ciprofloxacin (36%), and Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (24%) were commonly used antibiotics. Cough (34.4), fever (30.7), cold and flu (29.0), diarrhea (21.9) and headache (18.7) were the most reported conditions that necessitate antibiotics self-medication. Educational level (8-10 grade) (AOR = 4.10, 95% CI: 1.28, 13.12), using mass media as a source of information (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.27), relying on previous experience for source of information (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.31), having awareness of antibiotics resistance (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.50) and good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.97) were significantly associated with antibiotics self-medication practice. CONCLUSION Antibiotics self-medication practice among residents was high. Educational status, using mass media and previous experiences as sources of information on antibiotics, having awareness of antibiotics resistance, and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance were significantly associated with self medication of antibiotics. Attention should be given by the stakeholders to reduce self medication practice with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Wudneh Simegn, Email
| | - Getachew Moges
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Newland R, Singleton S, Waterall J. Antimicrobial stewardship: nurses' critical role in preventing antimicrobial resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:1140-1141. [PMID: 34723658 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.19.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Newland
- Nurse Advisor, Research, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
| | - Susie Singleton
- Consultant Nurse for Health Protection and Infection Prevention Control, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
| | - Jamie Waterall
- Deputy Chief Nurse, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
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15
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Hayes CV, Mahon B, Sides E, Allison R, Lecky DM, McNulty CAM. Empowering Patients to Self-Manage Common Infections: Qualitative Study Informing the Development of an Evidence-Based Patient Information Leaflet. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1113. [PMID: 34572695 PMCID: PMC8464808 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common self-limiting infections can be self-managed by patients, potentially reducing consultations and unnecessary antibiotic use. This qualitative study informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) aimed to explore healthcare professionals' (HCPs) and patients' needs on provision of self-care and safety-netting advice for common infections. Twenty-seven patients and seven HCPs participated in semi-structured focus groups (FGs) and interviews. An information leaflet was iteratively developed and reviewed by participants in interviews and FGs, and an additional 5 HCPs, and 25 patients (identifying from minority ethnic groups) via online questionnaires. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, double-coded, and mapped to the TDF. Participants required information on symptom duration, safety netting, self-care, and antibiotics. Patients felt confident to self-care and were averse to consulting with HCPs unnecessarily but struggled to assess symptom severity. Patients reported seeking help for children or elderly dependents earlier. HCPs' concerns included patients' attitudes and a lack of available monitoring of advice given to patients. Participants believed community pharmacy should be the first place that patients seek advice on common infections. The patient information leaflet on common infections should be used in primary care and community pharmacy to support patients to self-manage symptoms and determine when further help is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine V. Hayes
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester GL1 1DQ, UK; (B.M.); (E.S.); (R.A.); (D.M.L.); (C.A.M.M.)
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16
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Hayes CV, Eley CV, Wood F, Demirjian A, McNulty CAM. Knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards the human microbiome and antibiotic resistance: a qualitative study. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab039. [PMID: 35399743 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic and dietary behaviour affect the human microbiome and influence antibiotic resistance development. Adolescents are a key demographic for influencing knowledge and behaviour change. Objectives To explore adolescents' knowledge and attitudes towards the microbiome and antibiotic resistance, and the capability, motivation and opportunity for educators to integrate microbiome teaching in schools. Methods Qualitative study informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and COM-B model. Six educational establishments were purposively selected by rural/city and socioeconomic status, within Gloucestershire, South West England in 2019. Forty 14-18-year olds participated in focus groups, and eight science or health educators participated in interviews. Data were analysed thematically, double-coded and mapped to the TDF/COM-B. Results Adolescents were aware of 'good microbes' in the body but lacked deeper knowledge. Adolescents' knowledge of, and intentions to use, antibiotics appropriately differed by their levels of scientific study. Adolescents lacked knowledge on the consequences of diet on the microbiome, and therefore lacked capability and motivation to change behaviour. Educators felt capable and motivated to teach microbiome topics but lacked opportunity though absence of topics in the national curriculum and lack of time to teach additional topics. Conclusions A disparity in knowledge of adolescents needs to be addressed through increasing antibiotic and microbiome topics in the national curriculum. Public antibiotic campaigns could include communication about the microbiome to increase awareness. Educational resources could motivate adolescents and improve their knowledge, skills and opportunity to improve diet and antibiotic use; so, supporting the UK antimicrobial resistance (AMR) national action plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine V Hayes
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | - Charlotte V Eley
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | - Fiona Wood
- Division of Population Medicine and PRIME Centre Wales, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alicia Demirjian
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK.,Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Alternative approaches to managing respiratory tract infections: a survey of public perceptions. BJGP Open 2021; 5:BJGPO.2020.0124. [PMID: 33293410 PMCID: PMC8170598 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2020.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a common reason for people to consult in primary care, and contribute to antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Alternative approaches to supporting patients with RTIs may help, but it is important to understand public perceptions about these approaches before they are widely implemented. AIM To describe public perceptions regarding finger-prick testing, back-up antibiotic prescriptions (BUPs), and alternatives to traditional consultations for RTIs, and identify factors associated with favouring these approaches. DESIGN & SETTING Online national survey (HealthWise Wales) with linked primary care health record data. METHOD Survey item response distributions were described. Associations between responses about consultation alternatives, BUP, and finger-prick point-of-care testing (POCT), and potential explanatory variables, were explored using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 8752 participants completed the survey between 2016 and 2018. The survey found 76.7% (n = 3807/4,966) and 71.2% (n = 3529/4,953) of responders with valid responses were in favour of being able to consult with a pharmacist or nurse in their GP surgery, or with a community pharmacist, respectively. It also showed 92.8% (n = 8034/8659) of responders indicated they would be happy to have a finger-prick test to guide antibiotic prescribing, and 31.8% (n = 2746/8646) indicated they would like to be given a BUP if their clinician thought immediate antibiotics were not required. In addition, 47.4% (n = 2342/4944) and 42.3% (n = 2095/4949) were in favour of having video and email consultations, respectively. Characteristics associated with different response options were identified. CONCLUSION Consulting with pharmacists, using electronic communication tools, and finger-prick testing are widely acceptable approaches. BUP was described as acceptable less often, and is likely to require greater information and support when used.
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18
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Smith CM, Shallcross LJ, Dutey-Magni P, Conolly A, Fuller C, Hill S, Jhass A, Marcheselli F, Michie S, Mindell JS, Ridd MJ, Tsakos G, Hayward AC, Fragaszy EB. Incidence, healthcare-seeking behaviours, antibiotic use and natural history of common infection syndromes in England: results from the Bug Watch community cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:105. [PMID: 33482752 PMCID: PMC7820521 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better information on the typical course and management of acute common infections in the community could inform antibiotic stewardship campaigns. We aimed to investigate the incidence, management, and natural history of a range of infection syndromes (respiratory, gastrointestinal, mouth/dental, skin/soft tissue, urinary tract, and eye). METHODS Bug Watch was an online prospective community cohort study of the general population in England (2018-2019) with weekly symptom reporting for 6 months. We combined symptom reports into infection syndromes, calculated incidence rates, described the proportion leading to healthcare-seeking behaviours and antibiotic use, and estimated duration and severity. RESULTS The cohort comprised 873 individuals with 23,111 person-weeks follow-up. The mean age was 54 years and 528 (60%) were female. We identified 1422 infection syndromes, comprising 40,590 symptom reports. The incidence of respiratory tract infection syndromes was two per person year; for all other categories it was less than one. 194/1422 (14%) syndromes led to GP (or dentist) consultation and 136/1422 (10%) to antibiotic use. Symptoms usually resolved within a week and the third day was the most severe. CONCLUSIONS Most people reported managing their symptoms without medical consultation. Interventions encouraging safe self-management across a range of acute infection syndromes could decrease pressure on primary healthcare services and support targets for reducing antibiotic prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Smith
- Institute of Health informatics, UCL, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK.
| | - Laura J Shallcross
- Institute of Health informatics, UCL, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Peter Dutey-Magni
- Institute of Health informatics, UCL, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Anne Conolly
- NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | - Christopher Fuller
- Institute of Health informatics, UCL, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Suzanne Hill
- NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | - Arnoupe Jhass
- Institute of Health informatics, UCL, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Jennifer S Mindell
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Matthew J Ridd
- Health Science Institute, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Ellen B Fragaszy
- Institute of Health informatics, UCL, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Allison R, Chapman S, Howard P, Thornley T, Ashiru-Oredope D, Walker S, Jones LF, McNulty CAM. Feasibility of a community pharmacy antimicrobial stewardship intervention (PAMSI): an innovative approach to improve patients' understanding of their antibiotics. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2020; 2:dlaa089. [PMID: 34723182 PMCID: PMC8210033 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacy staff have an opportunity to play a pivotal role in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) due to their expertise in medicines and accessibility to patients. OBJECTIVES To develop and test the feasibility of a pharmacy AMS intervention (PAMSI) to increase community pharmacy staff's capability, opportunity and motivation to check antibiotic appropriateness and provide self-care and adherence advice when dispensing antibiotics. METHODS The PAMSI was centred around an Antibiotic Checklist, completed by patients and pharmacy staff, to facilitate personalized advice to the patient, based on their reported knowledge. An educational webinar for staff and patient-facing materials were also developed. Staff and patients completing Antibiotic Checklists were invited to provide feedback via questionnaires. RESULTS In February 2019, 12 community pharmacies in England trialled the intervention. Forty-three pharmacy staff evaluated the educational webinar and reported increases in their understanding, confidence, commitment and intention to use the tools provided to give adherence and self-care advice. Over 4 weeks, 931 Antibiotic Checklists were completed. Staff reported being more focused on giving advice and able to address patients' knowledge gaps (mainly: likely symptom duration; alcohol and food consumption advice; possible side effects from antibiotics; returning unused antibiotics to the pharmacy), resulting in increased self-reported effective and meaningful conversations. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a PAMSI is feasible and effectively promotes AMS. Pharmacy staff and commissioners should consider this within their AMS plans. An optional digital format of the Antibiotic Checklist should be explored, for patients who are not collecting their antibiotic prescriptions themselves, and to save printing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracey Thornley
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Boots UK, Nottingham, UK
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Leis JA, Born KB, Theriault G, Ostrow O, Grill A, Johnston KB. Using antibiotics wisely for respiratory tract infection in the era of covid-19. BMJ 2020; 371:m4125. [PMID: 33187951 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Leis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen B Born
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guylene Theriault
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Ostrow
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan Grill
- Department of Family Medicine, Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Brian Johnston
- Quality of Care NL/Choosing Wisely NL, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Mengesha Y, Manaye B, Moges G. Assessment of Public Awareness, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Antibiotic Resistance in Kemissie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3783-3789. [PMID: 33144831 PMCID: PMC7594193 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s280036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is increasing to dangerously high levels globally with subsequent higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays and increased levels of mortality. Ensuring patients' knowledge, attitude, and proper use of antimicrobials is one of the strategies to control resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the public awareness, attitude, and practice regarding antimicrobial use and resistance in Kemissie Town, Northeast Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 adults selected using systematic random sampling in Kemissie town from March 1 to May 1, 2019. A home-to-home visit interview was done using a structured interview guide. The data were coded individually and entered into a computer using Epi-info version 3.5.1 and then exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Univariate analyses were used to describe the categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 345 respondents who took antibiotics, three quarters (74.78%) received antibiotics with a prescription. Of the total respondents, 17.7% of the participants believed unnecessary use of antibiotics enhances resistance to bacteria. Of those who took antibiotics, the majority (72.5 %) finished the full course of treatment. Out of the total 374 respondents, 41.6% had awareness on the fact that antibiotics resistance can affect the development of resistance in the whole community. More than half (51.9%) of the respondents believed that the rational use of antibiotics can reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSION The majority of the respondents were still unaware of antibiotic resistance and its implications. This requires close attention from policy-makers and healthcare professionals. The community of Kemissie town had a positive attitude towards finishing antibiotic regimens. This study also identified crucial gaps in the practices of the community about the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Mengesha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bekele Manaye
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Moges
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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