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Moñino-García M, Ballesta M, Huerta JM, Correa-Rodríguez JF, Cabrera-Castro N, Llorens N, Chirlaque-López MD. The Adolescent Problem Gambling Prevalence Associated with Leisure-Time Activities and Risky Behaviors in Southern Spain. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36440256 PMCID: PMC9676736 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling addiction is increasing and is becoming a public health concern due to the rise of gambling-related harms affecting the youth. Previous studies suggest a strong link between problem gambling (PG) and substance use and psychosocial and familial factors. Our main objective was to analyze the association between PG and factors like sport, leisure-time activities, and risk-taking behaviors in adolescents. A survey on substance use and addictive behaviors was performed in 2019 on a representative sample of 2240 subjects (14-18 years) from the Southern Spain Region. Data variables like socio-demographic characteristics, sport, leisure and free time activities, family environment, PG (Lie-Bet Scale), compulsive internet use (CIUS Scale), and consumption of alcohol and cannabis were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Weighted PG prevalence was estimated in either sex, as well as the differences between various levels of PG using chi-square tests. Crude and adjusted weighted logistic regression models were used to identify predictors associated with PG. The prevalence of PG was associated with shopping frequency, compulsive internet use, cannabis use in the previous month, higher family economic status, and having a homemaker father which increased the likelihood of PG. On the contrary, cultural hobbies such as playing an instrument, painting, singing, and writing, and having a working mother were inversely associated with PG. Our results suggest that encouraging participation in creative activities along with supervised shopping and monitoring compulsive internet use and cannabis consumption may contribute some protection against adolescent PG. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-022-00950-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Moñino-García
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council of Murcia, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Ballesta
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council of Murcia, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - JM. Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council of Murcia, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - JF. Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council of Murcia, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - N. Cabrera-Castro
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council of Murcia, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - N. Llorens
- Spanish Observatory On Drugs, Government Delegation for the National Plan On Drugs, Ministry of Health, Plaza de España, 17, 28008 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - MD. Chirlaque-López
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council of Murcia, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Romano I, Patte KA, de Groh M, Jiang Y, Leatherdale ST. Perceptions of and adherence to early COVID-19-related restrictions and associations with substance use among youth in Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2022; 42:479-489. [PMID: 36165768 PMCID: PMC9903852 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.11/12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a largely social behaviour, substance use may have decreased for some youth overall in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, continued use may indicate nonadherence to pandemic-related restrictions and social distancing measures. In a sample of Canadian adolescents (aged 12-19 years), our objective was to examine how substance use (cannabis, binge drinking, cigarettes, vaping) is associated with perceptions of, and adherence to, early COVID-19-related public health measures, taking into consideration sociodemographic factors. METHODS Cross-sectional data were retrieved from online data collected during Year 8 of the COMPASS school-based study, during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (May-July 2020) in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. We fitted two models using generalized estimating equations to examine how substance use was associated with separate measures of (1) perceptions of, and (2) adherence to early COVID-19 restrictions. RESULTS In our sample, 10% of adolescents perceived COVID-19 restrictions as too weak and 14% perceived them as too strict. Nearly half (46%) reported taking restrictions very seriously, and 5% did not take them seriously at all. Binge drinking, cigarette use and vaping were associated with perceptions that restrictions were too strict and with nonadherence. However, adolescents who used cannabis were less likely to perceive COVID-19-related restrictions as too strict. CONCLUSION This study highlights the association of adolescent substance use with perceptions of, and adherence to, COVID-19-related public health restrictions in Canada. Our findings emphasize a need for continual monitoring of substance use behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic to better characterize adolescent risk and further inform targeted public health strategies accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Romano
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Ransing R, de la Rosa PA, Pereira-Sanchez V, Handuleh JIM, Jerotic S, Gupta AK, Karaliuniene R, de Filippis R, Peyron E, Sönmez Güngör E, Boujraf S, Yee A, Vahdani B, Shoib S, Stowe MJ, Jaguga F, Dannatt L, da Silva AK, Grandinetti P, Jatchavala C. Current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries: cross-country comparisons and international perspectives. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [PMID: 34735077 DOI: 10.4762/2237-6089-2021-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Varying public views on cannabis use across countries may explain the variation in the prevalence of use, policies, and research in individual countries, and global regulation of cannabis. This paper aims to describe the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 2010 to 2020. Searches were conducted using the relevant country of interest as a search term (e.g., "Iran"), as well as relevant predefined keywords such as "cannabis," "marijuana," "hashish," "bhang "dual diagnosis," "use," "addiction," "prevalence," "co-morbidity," "substance use disorder," "legalization" or "policy" (in English and non-English languages). These keywords were used in multiple combinations to create the search string for studies' titles and abstracts. Official websites of respective governments and international organizations were also searched in English and non-English languages (using countries national languages) to identify the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research in each of those countries. RESULTS The main findings were inconsistent and heterogeneous reporting of cannabis use, variation in policies (e.g., legalization), and variation in intervention strategies across the countries reviewed. European countries dominate the cannabis research output indexed on PubMed, in contrast to Asian countries (Thailand, Malaysia, India, Iran, and Nepal). CONCLUSIONS Although global cannabis regulation is ongoing, the existing heterogeneities across countries in terms of policies and epidemiology can increase the burden of cannabis use disorders disproportionately and unpredictably. There is an urgent need to develop global strategies to address these cross-country barriers to improve early detection, prevention, and interventions for cannabis use and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Ransing
- Department of Psychiatry, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pedro A de la Rosa
- Educación de la Afectividad y Sexualidad Humana, Instituto Cultura y Sociedad, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Pereira-Sanchez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stefan Jerotic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ruta Karaliuniene
- Elblandklinikum Radebeul Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ekin Sönmez Güngör
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Said Boujraf
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Anne Yee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bita Vahdani
- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin, Iran. Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Rainawari, Kashmir, India
| | - M J Stowe
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Lisa Dannatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Paolo Grandinetti
- Addictions Service, Department of Territorial Services, ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Chonnakarn Jatchavala
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
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Donati MA, Boncompagni J, Iraci Sareri G, Ridolfi S, Iozzi A, Cocci V, Arena A, Primi C. Optimizing large-scale gambling prevention with adolescents through the development and evaluation of a training course for health professionals: The case of PRIZE. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266825. [PMID: 35551314 PMCID: PMC9097997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of adolescent gambling prevention, there is a lack of intervention studies reporting and assessing training courses for the intervention providers. The present work fills this gap by realizing a dissemination study inside the PRIZE program aimed at modifying a set of cognitive protective factors and affective risk factors. The purpose of this work was twofold: To develop and evaluate a training course with the intervention providers (Study 1), and to assess the short- and long-term effects of the intervention itself (Study 2). The training course was delivered to 44 health professionals (32 females, Mage = 39.34 years). Results showed a significant increase of correct knowledge about gambling and a significant reduction of their susceptibility to probabilistic reasoning biases. Participants also actually learnt the main competencies to conduct the educational activities, they were satisfied for the training course received, and they felt high levels of self-efficacy. The intervention was implemented with 1894 high school students (61% males; Mage = 15.68 years). In the short term, we found a significant increase of adolescents’ correct gambling knowledge, random events knowledge, and probabilistic reasoning ability, and a significant decrease of superstitious thinking, monetary positive outcome expectation, and gambling-related erroneous thoughts and fallacious behavioral choices. In the long-term, a significant decrease of gambling frequency, gambling versatility, and gambling problem severity was obtained. Overall, this work highlights the importance to train prevention program providers in order to optimize the effectiveness of large-scale gambling intervention programs towards adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Donati
- NEUROFARBA Department – Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Boncompagni
- NEUROFARBA Department – Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Ridolfi
- CEART (Coordinamento Enti Ausiliari Regione Toscana), Florence, Italy
| | - Adriana Iozzi
- UFC SerD Zona 1 Firenze, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Cocci
- UFC SerD Arezzo, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfiero Arena
- UF SerD Valle del Serchio, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Primi
- NEUROFARBA Department – Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Claesdotter-Knutsson E, André F, Fridh M, Delfin C, Håkansson A, Lindström M. Gender Differences and Associated Factors Influencing Problem Gambling in Adolescents in Sweden: Cross-sectional Investigation. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e35207. [PMID: 35297770 PMCID: PMC8972113 DOI: 10.2196/35207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gambling disorder is traditionally considered an adult phenomenon, the behavior usually begins in childhood or adolescence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of problem gambling among Swedish adolescents and the suspected associated factors. METHODS This study was based on data collected through a public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in ninth grade of primary school and in second grade of secondary school in Sweden. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of the associated factors differed between those with and without problem gambling. RESULTS Approximately 11.7% (469/4002) of the boys in ninth grade of primary school and 13.9% (472/3407) of the boys in second grade of secondary school were classified as problem gamblers. For girls, the corresponding frequencies were 1.2% (48/4167) and 0.7% (27/3634), respectively. The overall response rate was 77% (9143/11,868) among ninth grade pupils and 73.4% (7949/10,832) among second grade pupils, resulting in a total of 17,092 responses. Problem gambling was associated with poor sleep and having tried smoking, alcohol, and other substances among both boys and girls in ninth grade of primary school and boys in second grade of secondary school. Problem gambling among girls in second grade of secondary school was associated with an increased prevalence of having tried smoking and other substances and an increased prevalence of poor sleep. CONCLUSIONS Using a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents, we found that problem gambling was robustly associated with a substantially increased prevalence of poor sleep and having tried smoking, alcohol, and other substances among both boys and girls in ninth grade of primary school as well as among boys in second grade of secondary school. Our study adds important information for policy makers pointing at vulnerable groups to be considered in their work to prevent problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida André
- Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Psychiatry (Lund), Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Fridh
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl Delfin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Psychiatry (Lund), Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lindström
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Center for Primary Health Care Research (CPF), Malmö, Sweden
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Latvala T, Lintonen T, Luopa P, Raisamo S. Gambling Among Finnish 14-16-Year-Old Adolescents Before (2008-2009), During (2010-2011), and After (2013-2017) Setting the Legal Age Limit of 18 for Gambling and the Role of Socio-Economic Status. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:1243-1256. [PMID: 34874502 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Legislation prohibiting minors from engaging in gambling is a gambling policy measure set to protect adolescents from the harmful effects of gambling. The Finnish gambling system is based on a state monopoly, regulated by the Lotteries Act. After an amendment to the Lotteries Act, the new minimum legal gambling age was raised to 18 years old between 2010 and 2011. The main purpose of this study was to discover how the amendment to the act altered adolescents' gambling (14-16-year-olds) and to examine whether the amendment decreased socio-economic differences. Adolescents gambling was studied before (2008-2009), during (2010-2011), and after (2013-2017) the age limit of gambling was raised in Finland. The study based on five waves (2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2013, 2015, 2017) of the national repeated cross-sectional School Health Promotion Study. Cross-tabulations where gambling was studied by study year and socio-economic status (SES) were formulated, and the statistical differences were studied by using χ2-tests. Percentage change in gambling frequency was also examined by study year and SES. Study years were analyzed separately to model the weekly gambling via logistic regression models. Adolescent gambling significantly decreased over time. It appears that raising the legal gambling age had a permanent effect on under-aged gambling. However, differences in gambling by adolescents' family's SES increased during the study period, indicating widening inequalities in gambling among adolescents. Diminishing inequalities in adolescent gambling is likely to require both societal action and consensus on adolescent gambling being a significant social and public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Latvala
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tomi Lintonen
- The Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Luopa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Tsiridis CA, Holeva V, Fountoulakis NK, Potoupni V, Diakogiannis I. Cannabis use in a sample of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki students: a pilot cross-sectional study. Hippokratia 2021; 25:162-168. [PMID: 36743862 PMCID: PMC9894300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most widespread illicit drug among young adults globally. This study aimed to detect the extent of cannabis use in the study population and its impact on users' lives. We hypothesized that early cannabis use would significantly predict later high-risk use. METHODS An online cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in December 2021, aiming to explore the extent of cannabis use among students and detect changes in behavior and impact on their lives. The results were analyzed statistically and correlated. RESULTS Out of the 297 enrolled participants with a mean age of 21.0 ± 2.1 years, 101 (33.9 %) had used cannabis at least once (50 males). The mean age at first cannabis use was 18.5 ± 2.11 years. Over 90 % reported easy access to it. Behavioral changes following use were reported by 41.6 %, but none except one sought help. Age at first cannabis use was negatively correlated with past-month and past-year use. Cannabis use before midday was positively correlated with age on the first try. DISCUSSION The prevalence of cannabis use was higher than the European average. Confirming the study's hypothesis, the younger the age at first use, the heavier the past-year and past-month use, which also agrees with previous studies. Cannabis consumption before noon was linked to increased use, and alarmingly, there was reluctance to seek help despite a high proportion of behavioral changes after use. CONCLUSION As the legislation on the use of cannabis changes rapidly, and given the increasing popularity of cannabis, there is a need for continued research on how various factors differentially impact its use. HIPPOKRATIA 2021, 25 (4):162-168.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Tsiridis
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Holeva
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N K Fountoulakis
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Potoupni
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Diakogiannis
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Díaz A, Pérez L. Gambling and substance use: A cross-consumption analysis of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and gambling. Subst Abus 2021; 42:1016-1021. [PMID: 33798010 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1903657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling has never been as popular and widely available as it is today. Despite the widespread normalization of gambling as just another form of leisure consumption, its potential interaction with substance use (e.g. smoking and drinking) is nowadays an issue of social concern. In fact, empirical research has found both substances to have strong interdependencies with gambling through multiple factors. Methods: Gambling is a two-step decision: potential gamblers first decide whether to participate, then their expenditure. Using data from the Spanish gambling prevalence survey, a double-hurdle model is proposed to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on gambling participation and expenditure decisions utilizing binary consumption and frequency of consumption approaches. Results: In line with previous research, results showed that people who smoked tobacco and/or drank alcohol were more likely to gamble and to have a greater expenditure. Each additional level of frequency of consumption of both products was found to likely increase the prevalence of gambling. Conclusions: The frequency of consumption of tobacco and/or alcohol was positively associated with the likelihood of gambling and spending more on gambling products. Findings may assist gambling stakeholders to prevent potential gambling-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Díaz
- Department of Economics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Levi Pérez
- Department of Economics, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain
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Riley BJ, Oster C, Rahamathulla M, Lawn S. Attitudes, Risk Factors, and Behaviours of Gambling among Adolescents and Young People: A Literature Review and Gap Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:984. [PMID: 33499418 PMCID: PMC7908209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gambling is occurring in a rapidly changing landscape, with new trends and technologies affecting gambling behaviour and problem gambling across a range of populations. Gambling activity among adolescents and young people has received considerable research attention due to a high prevalence of gambling reported among these groups in recent years. Despite legislation worldwide to constrain gambling among adolescents and young people, modern technology, such as online gaming apps and online gambling venues, has significantly increased their exposure to the risks of problem gambling. It is important, therefore, to have up to date information about what is currently known about gambling and to explore gaps in our knowledge. This gap analysis presents the results of a systematic approach to reviewing the current literature on gambling behaviour, attitudes, and associated risk factors for gambling and problem gambling among adolescents and young adults (aged 10-25 years). The review included studies published between January 2015 and August 2020 and included 85 studies for final synthesis. Findings reveal further research is needed on the implications for young people of emerging technologies and new trends in gambling in the digital age. The current gap analysis reveals that this should include more research on the development and impact of both treatment and intervention strategies, and policy and regulatory frameworks from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Riley
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.J.R.); (C.O.)
| | - Candice Oster
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.J.R.); (C.O.)
| | - Mubarak Rahamathulla
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Social Work, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Sharon Lawn
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.J.R.); (C.O.)
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