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Sana A, Djemaï E, De Vreyer P, Thivillon T, Badolo H, Berthé A, Kania D. Seroprevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in middle-sized cities of Burkina Faso: A descriptive cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305850. [PMID: 39110710 PMCID: PMC11305540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 2020, COVID-19 has evolved from a localized outbreak to a global pandemic. We assessed the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in three towns in the Centre Sud region of Burkina Faso. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three middle-sized cities in Burkina Faso's Centre Sud region, from June to July 2021. Subjects aged 16 or over at the time of the survey were considered for this seroprevalence study. The Biosynex COVID-19 BSS rapid test was used to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against SARS-CoV-2. A standardized questionnaire was also administered to collect additional information. RESULTS A total of 2449 eligible participants (age ≥ 16 years) were identified. Serological tests for COVID-19 were performed in 2155 individuals, of which 2143 valid tests were retained and analyzed. Out of the entire sample, 246 positive tests were observed, corresponding to a prevalence of 11.48%. Prevalence was 9.35% (58 cases) in Kombissiri, 12.86% (80 cases) in Manga and 11.99% (108 cases) in Pô. By gender, 13.37% of women (164 cases) tested positive, and 8.95% of men (82 cases). Women accounted for 66.67% of all positive test subjects. The results from the multivariate analysis show a significantly higher seroprevalence in women (p = 0.007), people over 55 years old (p = 0.004), overweight people (p = 0.026) and those with drinking water sources at home (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the COVID-19 virus also circulates in the population of middle-sized cities in Burkina Faso, far more than officially reported by the information service of the government of Burkina Faso, given the lack of systematic testing in the general population in the country. The study also highlighted the greater vulnerability of women, older and overweight individuals to the epidemic. The preventive measures put in place to fight the pandemic must take these different factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sana
- Département biomédical et santé publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Elodie Djemaï
- Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, LEDa, CNRS, IRD, DIAL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe De Vreyer
- Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, LEDa, CNRS, IRD, DIAL, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Thivillon
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 6060 Bordeaux Sciences Economiques, Pessac, France
| | - Hermann Badolo
- Observatoire National de la Santé de la population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdramane Berthé
- Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Dramane Kania
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Pouquet M, Decarreaux D, Di Domenico L, Sabbatini CE, Prévot-Monsacre P, Fourié T, Villarroel PMS, Priet S, Blanché H, Sebaoun JM, Deleuze JF, Turbelin C, Rossignol L, Werner A, Kochert F, Grosgogeat B, Rabiega P, Laupie J, Abraham N, Noël H, van der Werf S, Colizza V, Carrat F, Charrel R, de Lamballerie X, Blanchon T, Falchi A. SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and associated factors among primary healthcare workers in France after the third COVID-19 wave. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5418. [PMID: 38443618 PMCID: PMC10914718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on the SARS-CoV-2 infection among primary health care workers (PHCWs) are scarce but essential to reflect on policy regarding prevention and control measures. We assessed the prevalence of PHCWs who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with modeling from the general population in metropolitan France, and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners (GPs), pediatricians, dental and pharmacy workers in primary care between May and August 2021. Participants volunteered to provide a dried-blood spot for SARS-CoV-2 antibody assessment and completed a questionnaire. The primary outcome was defined as the detection of infection-induced antibodies (anti-nucleocapsid IgG, and for non-vaccinees: anti-Spike IgG and neutralizing antibodies) or previous self-reported infection (positive RT-qPCR or antigenic test, or positive ELISA test before vaccination). Estimates were adjusted using weights for representativeness and compared with prediction from the general population. Poisson regressions were used to quantify associated factors. The analysis included 1612 PHCWs. Weighted prevalences were: 31.7% (95% CI 27.5-36.0) for GPs, 28.7% (95% CI 24.4-33.0) for pediatricians, 25.2% (95% CI 20.6-31.0) for dentists, and 25.5% (95% CI 18.2-34.0) for pharmacists. Estimates were compatible with model predictions for the general population. PHCWs more likely to be infected were: GPs compared to pharmacist assistants (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.26; CI 95% 1.01-5.07), those living in Île-de-France (aPR = 1.53; CI 95% 1.14-2.05), South-East (aPR = 1.57; CI 95% 1.19-2.08), North-East (aPR = 1.81; CI 95% 1.38-2.37), and those having an unprotected contact with a COVID-19 case within the household (aPR = 1.48; CI 95% 1.22-1.80). Occupational factors were not associated with infection. In conclusion, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure for PHCWs was more likely to have occurred in the community rather than at their workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pouquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Dorine Decarreaux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250, Corte, France
- Unité Des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Di Domenico
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Chiara E Sabbatini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Pol Prévot-Monsacre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Toscane Fourié
- Unité Des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | - Stephane Priet
- Unité Des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Clément Turbelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Louise Rossignol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Andréas Werner
- Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), Zone de la Fouquetière, 155 Rue Edouard Branly, 44150, Ancenis-Saint-Géréon, France
| | - Fabienne Kochert
- Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), Zone de la Fouquetière, 155 Rue Edouard Branly, 44150, Ancenis-Saint-Géréon, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
- Réseau ReCOL, Association Dentaire Française, 75000, Paris, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Julien Laupie
- Réseau ReCOL, Association Dentaire Française, 75000, Paris, France
| | | | - Harold Noël
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé Publique France, 94410, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, 75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Vittoria Colizza
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
- Département de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Remi Charrel
- Unité Des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005, Marseille, France
- LE Service de Prévention du Risque Infectieux (LESPRI), CLIN AP-HM Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité Des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250, Corte, France
- Unité Des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005, Marseille, France
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Tancredi S, Chiolero A, Wagner C, Haller ML, Chocano-Bedoya P, Ortega N, Rodondi N, Kaufmann L, Lorthe E, Baysson H, Stringhini S, Michel G, Lüdi C, Harju E, Frank I, Imboden M, Witzig M, Keidel D, Probst-Hensch N, Amati R, Albanese E, Corna L, Crivelli L, Vincentini J, Gonseth Nusslé S, Bochud M, D'Acremont V, Kohler P, Kahlert CR, Cusini A, Frei A, Puhan MA, Geigges M, Kaufmann M, Fehr J, Cullati S. Seroprevalence trends of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated risk factors: a population-based study. Infection 2023; 51:1453-1465. [PMID: 36870034 PMCID: PMC9985433 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the seroprevalence trends of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in several Swiss cantons between May 2020 and September 2021 and investigate risk factors for seropositivity and their changes over time. METHODS We conducted repeated population-based serological studies in different Swiss regions using a common methodology. We defined three study periods: May-October 2020 (period 1, prior to vaccination), November 2020-mid-May 2021 (period 2, first months of the vaccination campaign), and mid-May-September 2021 (period 3, a large share of the population vaccinated). We measured anti-spike IgG. Participants provided information on sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health status, and adherence to preventive measures. We estimated seroprevalence with a Bayesian logistic regression model and the association between risk factors and seropositivity with Poisson models. RESULTS We included 13,291 participants aged 20 and older from 11 Swiss cantons. Seroprevalence was 3.7% (95% CI 2.1-4.9) in period 1, 16.2% (95% CI 14.4-17.5) in period 2, and 72.0% (95% CI 70.3-73.8) in period 3, with regional variations. In period 1, younger age (20-64) was the only factor associated with higher seropositivity. In period 3, being aged ≥ 65 years, with a high income, retired, overweight or obese or with other comorbidities, was associated with higher seropositivity. These associations disappeared after adjusting for vaccination status. Seropositivity was lower in participants with lower adherence to preventive measures, due to a lower vaccination uptake. CONCLUSIONS Seroprevalence sharply increased over time, also thanks to vaccination, with some regional variations. After the vaccination campaign, no differences between subgroups were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tancredi
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Arnaud Chiolero
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Wagner
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Moa Lina Haller
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Chocano-Bedoya
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Ortega
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaufmann
- Cantonal Public Health Service of the Canton of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Center for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Michel
- Department Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Lüdi
- Department Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Erika Harju
- Department Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Irene Frank
- Clinical Trial Unit, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Witzig
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Amati
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Corna
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Luca Crivelli
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Julia Vincentini
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Semira Gonseth Nusslé
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie D'Acremont
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Cusini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital of Grisons, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Anja Frei
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Geigges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kaufmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Route Des Arsenaux 41, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Dali-Ali A, Derkaoui DK, Zina M, Oukebdane A. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Oran: Cross-Sectional Study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087623. [PMID: 37284756 PMCID: PMC10433985 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00876-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was introduced in Algeria in March 2020. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Oran, Algeria, and to identify factors associated with seropositivity. This was a cross-sectional seroprevalence study conducted between 7 and 20 January 2021 across all 26 municipalities in the province of Oran. The study employed a random cluster sampling technique stratified by age and sex to select participants from households, who were then administered a rapid serological test. The overall seroprevalence and specific seroprevalences by municipality were calculated, and the number of COVID-19 cases in Oran was estimated. The correlation between population density and seroprevalence was also examined. Among the participants, 422 (35.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 32.9 to 38.4) had a positive serological test for SARS-CoV-2, and eight municipalities had seroprevalence rates above 73%. We found a strong positive correlation between population density and seroprevalence (r = 0.795, P < 0.001), indicating that areas with higher population density had higher numbers of positive COVID-19 cases. Our study provides evidence of a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Oran, Algeria. The estimated number of cases based on seroprevalence is much higher than the number of cases confirmed by PCR. Our findings suggest that a large proportion of the population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and control measures to prevent further spread of the virus. IMPORTANCE This is the first and only seroprevalence study of COVID-19 conducted in the general population in Algeria prior to the national vaccination campaign against COVID-19. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to our understanding of the spread of the virus in the population before the implementation of the vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Dali-Ali
- University of Oran 1: Ahmed Ben Bella, Faculty of Medicine, Oran, Algeria
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine at EHUO, Oran, Algeria
| | | | - Mohamed Zina
- Public Establishment of Proximity Care in Boutlellis, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Boutlellis, Oran, Algeria
| | - Asmaa Oukebdane
- Canastel Specialized Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, Oran, Algeria
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Moyano LM, Toledo AK, Chirinos J, Vilchez Barreto PMQ, Cavalcanti S, Gamboa R, Ypanaque J, Meza M, Noriega S, Herrera V, Bazan E, Requena A, Silva H, Burgos H, León-Jimenez F. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence on the north coast of Peru: A cross-sectional study after the first wave. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010794. [PMID: 37379355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peru had the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases in Latin America. After the first wave, Peru registered more than 900,000 cases of COVID-19 and more than 36,000 confirmed deaths from the disease. Tumbes, a border area with poor sanitation and not enough water, had the fifth highest death rate. The cross-sectional analytic study aimed: a) to assess seroprevalence of COVID-19 after the first wave; b) to assess sociodemographic determinants and symptoms associated with a positive COVID-19 antibody lateral flow test. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed this study between November 11th and November 30th, 2020, in an informal settlement in Tumbes. Individuals older than two years were invited to participate in a systematic random sample from one in every four households. Finger-prick blood samples were collected, and a census and symptom survey were applied. Within the chosen house, one adult over 18 years of age was chosen for a PCR-RT molecular test. Overall seroprevalence was 25.59%, adjusted seroprevalence was 24.82% (95%CI 22.49-27.25). Women had higher adjusted seroprevalence (28.03% vs 21.11%; 95% CI 24.83-31.41, p = 0.002). Symptoms as fever (PR 1.89: 95% CI 1.44-2.48, p<0.001), general discomfort (PR 1.67; 95% CI 1.23-2.26, p = 0.001), cough (PR 2.0; 95% CI 1.60-2.50, p<0.001), nasal congestion (PR 1.46; 95% CI 1.03-2.09, p = 0.036), respiratory distress (PR 1.64; 95% CI 1.04-2.56, p = 0.031), headache (PR 1.54; 95% CI 1.09-2.17, p = 0.014), anosmia (PR 1.78; 95% CI 1.01-3.14, p = 0.046) and ageusia (PR 2.31; 95% CI 1.48-3.61, p<0.001) were associated with a positive covid-19 antibody lateral flow test. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The COVID-19 transmission and distribution were highlighted by this cross-sectional study. The data will help the Ministry of Health improve its monitoring, surveillance, and monitoring of respiratory community sequelae in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Moyano
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Piura, Peru
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
- Unidad de Medicina Legal I Contralmirante Villar, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Angie K Toledo
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Centro de investigación para la preservación de la vida, Lima, Peru
| | - Jenny Chirinos
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Percy Mc Quen Vilchez Barreto
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru
| | | | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Jhon Ypanaque
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana y Facultad de Ciencias en Salud de la Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
- Estrategia de enfermedades metaxénicas, Gobierno Regional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Mauro Meza
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana y Facultad de Ciencias en Salud de la Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
| | | | | | - Edgar Bazan
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Piura, Peru
| | - Alexandra Requena
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana y Facultad de Ciencias en Salud de la Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Henry Silva
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana y Facultad de Ciencias en Salud de la Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru
| | | | - Franco León-Jimenez
- Hospital Amistad Peru Corea Santa Rosa, II-2 Piura, Peru
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Richard L, Nisenbaum R, Brown M, Liu M, Pedersen C, Jenkinson JIR, Mishra S, Baral S, Colwill K, Gingras AC, McGeer A, Hwang SW. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Toronto, Canada. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e232774. [PMID: 36912833 PMCID: PMC10011938 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE People experiencing homelessness are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Incident infection rates have yet to be established in these communities and are needed to inform infection prevention guidance and related interventions. OBJECTIVE To quantify the SARS-CoV-2 incident infection rate among people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada, in 2021 and 2022 and to assess factors associated with incident infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study was conducted among individuals aged 16 years and older who were randomly selected between June and September 2021 from 61 homeless shelters, temporary distancing hotels, and encampments in Toronto, Canada. EXPOSURES Self-reported housing characteristics, such as number sharing living space. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in summer 2021, defined as self-reported or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- or serology-confirmed evidence of infection at or before the baseline interview, and SARS-CoV-2 incident infection, defined as self-reported or PCR- or serology-confirmed infection among participants without history of infection at baseline. Factors associated with infection were assessed using modified Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The 736 participants (415 of whom did not have SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline and were included in the primary analysis) had a mean (SD) age of 46.1 (14.6) years; 486 (66.0%) self-identified as male. Of these, 224 (30.4% [95% CI, 27.4%-34.0%]) had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection by summer 2021. Of the remaining 415 participants with follow-up, 124 experienced infection within 6 months, representing an incident infection rate of 29.9% (95% CI, 25.7%-34.4%), or 5.8% (95% CI, 4.8%-6.8%) per person-month. Report after onset of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was associated with incident infection, with an adjusted rate ratio (aRR) of 6.28 (95% CI, 3.94-9.99). Other factors associated with incident infection included recent immigration to Canada (aRR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.64-4.58]) and alcohol consumption over the past interval (aRR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.12-2.48]). Self-reported housing characteristics were not significantly associated with incident infection. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this longitudinal study of people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, SARS-CoV-2 incident infection rates were high in 2021 and 2022, particularly once the Omicron variant became dominant in the region. Increased focus on homelessness prevention is needed to more effectively and equitably protect these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Richard
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosane Nisenbaum
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Brown
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Liu
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cheryl Pedersen
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse I. R. Jenkinson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharmistha Mishra
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Hwang
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ku-gaa-gii pimitizi-win, the COVID-19 cohort study of people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022. [PMCID: PMC9361747 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionInitial reports suggest people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated morbidity and mortality. However, there have been few longitudinal evaluations of the spread and impact of COVID-19 among PEH. This study will estimate the prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 infections in a cohort of PEH followed prospectively in Toronto, Canada. It will also examine associations between individual-level and shelter-level characteristics with COVID-19 infection, adverse health outcomes related to infection and vaccination. Finally, the data will be used to develop and parameterise a mathematical model to characterise SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, and the transmission impact of interventions serving PEH.Design, methods and analysisKu-gaa-gii pimitizi-win will follow a random sample of PEH from across Toronto (Canada) for 12 months. 736 participants were enrolled between June and September 2021, and will be followed up at 3-month intervals. At each interval, specimens (saliva, capillary blood) will be collected to determine active SARS-CoV-2 infection and serologic evidence of past infection and/or vaccination, and a detailed survey will gather self-reported information, including a detailed housing history. To examine the association between individual-level and shelter-level characteristics on COVID-19-related infection, adverse outcomes, and vaccination, shelter and healthcare administrative data will be linked to participant study data. Healthcare administrative data will also be used to examine long-term (up to 5 years) COVID-19-related outcomes among participants.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Boards (# 20-272). Ku-gaa-gii pimitizi-win was designed in collaboration with community and service provider partners and people having lived experience of homelessness. Findings will be reported to groups supporting Ku-gaa-gii pimitizi-win, Indigenous and other community partners and service providers, funding bodies, public health agencies and all levels of government to inform policy and public health programs.
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Citerne A, Rancière F, Roda C, Momas I. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Lockdown: Morbidity, Perception, Behaviors, and Attitudes in French Families From the PARIS Birth Cohort. Front Public Health 2022; 10:907456. [PMID: 35685753 PMCID: PMC9170922 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.907456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined the overall experience of adolescents and their families during COVID-19 lockdowns. This study describes COVID-19-related morbidity in the PARIS birth cohort families during the first lockdown in France and identifies family profiles in terms of morbidity, perception, behaviors, and attitudes. Methods Online questionnaires were sent to adolescents of the PARIS birth cohort and their parents. Possible COVID-19 was defined by symptoms using the ECDC definition. Household transmission was estimated by calculating the observed clinical secondary attack rates. Perception, behaviors and attitudes were assessed by levels of stress, degree of satisfaction regarding levels of information about COVID-19, degree of agreement with the lockdown and preventive measures. COVID-19 morbidity in adolescents and parents was compared using chi-squared or Student's t-tests. Within each family, perception, behaviors, and attitudes were compared between adolescents and parents using matched-pairs tests. To identify contrasting family profiles, a K-means cluster analysis was implemented. Results Of 1,549 families contacted, 1,051 (68%) participated. Adolescents were less affected by possible COVID-19 than their parents (138.7 vs. 192.7 per 1,00,000 person-days). Household transmission of possible COVID-19 was higher when possible COVID-19 came from adults than from adolescents. Most families implemented preventive measures. Adolescents and parents generally shared the same attitudes, but adolescents were less compliant with restrictive measures. Four family profiles were identified which differed mainly regarding family stress, COVID-19 in the household, and compliance with preventive measures. Conclusion Improving information dissemination to parents and adolescents, including dedicated adolescent messages, would increase adherence to preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Citerne
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Rancière
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Célina Roda
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Momas
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Cellule Cohorte, Direction de l'Action Sociale de l'Enfance et de la Santé, Mairie de Paris, Paris, France
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Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Potential Determinants among the Belgian Adult Population: Baseline Results of a Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050920. [PMID: 35632663 PMCID: PMC9147735 DOI: 10.3390/v14050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and potential determinants were assessed in a random sample representative of the Belgian adult population. In total, 14,201 individuals (≥18 years) were invited by mail to provide saliva via an Oracol® swab. Survey weights were applied, and potential determinants were estimated using multivariable logistic regressions. Between March and August 2021, 2767 individuals participated in the first data collection. During this period, which coincided with the onset of the vaccination campaign, the seroprevalence in the population increased from 25.2% in March/April to 78.1% in July. Among the vaccinated there was an increase from 74,2% to 98.8%; among the unvaccinated, the seroprevalence remained stable (around 17%). Among the vaccinated, factors significantly associated with the presence of antibodies were: having at least one chronic disease (ORa 0.22 (95% CI 0.08–0.62)), having received an mRNA-type vaccine (ORa 5.38 (95% CI 1.72–16.80)), and having received an influenza vaccine in 2020–2021 (ORa 3.79 (95% CI 1.30–11.07)). Among the unvaccinated, having a non-O blood type (ORa 2.00 (95% CI 1.09–3.67)) and having one or more positive COVID-19 tests (ORa 11.04 (95% CI 4.69–26.02)) were significantly associated. This study provides a better understanding of vaccine- and/or natural-induced presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and factors that are associated with this presence.
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Ayrolles A, Ellul P, Trebossen V, Houhou‐Fidouh N, Bonacorsi S, Descamps D, Delorme R. Is SARS‐CoV‐2 seroconversion a risk factor for severe and acute psychiatric symptoms in children? Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:218-220. [PMID: 35257512 PMCID: PMC9216372 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Since the beginning of the COVID pandemic, studies reported an increase in children’s mental health issues and questioned the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on psychiatric symptoms. Methods We compared COVID seroconversion in children hospitalized with acute, severe psychiatric symptoms (n = 52) with the sex‐ and age‐matched control group (n = 52) living in the same low‐income geographic area and sampled during the same time period. Results Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed less seroconverted children with psychiatric conditions 9.61% (95% CI, 3.59‐21.80) vs 34.61% (95% CI, 22.33‐49.16; χ2 = 14.7, P = 1.24E−4; OR = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.64). Conclusion This suggests a lower direct impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with the impact of mitigation strategies on psychiatric symptom deterioration in children reported since early stages of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaël Ayrolles
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Robert Debré Hospital Paris France
- Paris University Paris France
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Robert Debré Hospital Paris France
- Paris University Paris France
| | - Vincent Trebossen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Robert Debré Hospital Paris France
- Paris University Paris France
| | - Nadira Houhou‐Fidouh
- Virology Department Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Bichat Hospital Paris France
| | - Stephane Bonacorsi
- Paris University Paris France
- Microbiology Department Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Robert Debré Hospital Paris France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Paris University Paris France
- Virology Department Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Bichat Hospital Paris France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Robert Debré Hospital Paris France
- Paris University Paris France
- Cognitive and Genetic Functions Institute Pasteur Paris France
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